Name (optional): ..... Student Number: .................................................

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY *** PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2009 *** *** PLEASE DONT OPEN YET *** BIOLOGY 1003 EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAM 1: EVOLUTION & GENETICS

Permitted Materials: Paper-based, unmarked, standard dictionary, with written departmental approval. No biology or science dictionaries.

Instructions to Candidates Answer ALL questions. There are 4 multiple choice (1 mark each) and 2 short answer (2 marks each) for each module. USE POINT FORM IF POSSIBLE WHEN ANSWERING SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS, AND CONFINE YOUR ANSWER TO THE SPACE PROVIDED. Do not remove the examination papers from the room. You have 5 mins reading time and 35 mins writing time for this practice exam. We suggest that you spend on average no more than 2 minutes on multiple-choice questions and 4 minutes on short-answer questions. NOTE ON MID-SEMESTER EXAM: The mid-semester exam will have 14 multiple choice and 7 short answer questions per module, and you will have 15 mins reading time and 2 hours writing time. For the mid-semester exam, each module will be stapled separately, so you must write your student ID number clearly on each section. You may also write your name or initials if you wish; that can be useful for cross-checking is there is any problem with the student number.

BIOL1003 (Evolution, Ecology and Genetics), Practice Exam 9 Apr 09, Page 1 of 6

SECTION A - EVOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the best answer (a, b, c, d or e) for each question in the box beside the question. Make sure you write clearly. 1. An unintended effect of the use of antibiotics has been the development of resistance in bacteria. This is an example of: a. disruptive selection b. natural selection c. stabilizing selection d. sexual selection e. artificial selection 2. About 7% of the worlds conifer species occur only on New Caledonia. This high diversity and endemism arises because: a. conifers are excellent long distance colonists, and have repeatedly colonized the islands. b. one or two species successfully colonized New Caledonia, and subsequently underwent an adaptive radiation there. c. conifers were a very important part of the vegetation of the southern hemisphere at the time New Caledonia became isolated, but were subsequently replaced elsewhere by angiosperms. d. ultramafic soils are toxic to other sorts of plants. e. the isolation of New Caledonia has prevented the exposure of conifers to diseases that caused range contractions in Australia. 3. Which of the following observations is not associated with the Red Queen model of coevolutionary change? a. Parasites often evolve more rapidly than their hosts because their generation time is shorter. b. Species which have negative effects on each other can become involved in an evolutionary arms race. c. The ability of cheetahs to run fast is part of the selective landscape of the gazelles on which they prey. d. Angraecum orchids have evolved enormous floral tubes to ensure pollination by a single species of hawkmoth. e. All organisms experience a parasite burden.

BIOL1003 (Evolution, Ecology and Genetics), Practice Exam 9 Apr 09, Page 2 of 6

4.

Which of the following statements is not true a. The majority of species in the history of life have no living representatives. b. The number of living species has tended to increase through time. c. Humans are descended from chimpanzees. d. Natural selection does not produce perfectly adapted organisms. e. Living island faunas and floras sometimes resemble those of mainland fossil communities.

SHORT ANSWER. Use point form if possible, and confine your answer to the space provided. Make sure you write clearly. 5. What is positive frequency-dependent selection?

Give an example, and explain how selection works in that example.

6. What are the two primary problems that need to be overcome for speciation to occur? a. First problem

b. Second problem

BIOL1003 (Evolution, Ecology and Genetics), Practice Exam 9 Apr 09, Page 3 of 6

Name (optional): ..... Student Number: .................................................

SECTION B - GENETICS
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the best answer (a, b, c, d or e) in the box beside the question. Make sure you write clearly. 7. The physical appearance of an individual plant or animal is known as its a. recessive trait b. phenotype c. genotype d. first filial generation e. haplotype 8. What is not found in DNA? a. sugar b. phenylalanine c. phosphate d. nucleotides e. adenine 9. An adopted girl is red/green colourblind. What can you deduce about her biological parents? a. father has normal vision, mother colourblind b. father colourblind, mother colourblind c. father has normal vision, mother has normal vision d. father colourblind, mother has normal vision e. b or d above 10. In sheep blowflies, resistance to organophosphate insecticides is correlated with the following genotypes: RR = resistant, RS and SS = susceptible. The S allele is a. haploid b. dominant c. sexually selected d. recessive e. diploid

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SHORT ANSWER. Confine your answer to the space provided. Make sure you write clearly. 11. An organism has two homologous pairs of chromosomes, one pair metacentric, the other telocentric. i) Draw this cell at anaphase of mitosis.

ii)

Draw this cell at anaphase I of meiosis.

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12. In the Foetid Groundsel (Senecio foetida), yellow flower colour is dominant to white. In the following experiments, plants with known phenotypes but unknown genotypes produced the following progeny: Parents Yellow a) Yellow x White b) Yellow x Yellow c) White x White d) Yellow x White e) Yellow x Yellow i) 82 118 0 74 90 Progeny White 78 39 50 0 0

Using the letter Y for the Yellow allele and y for the white allele, give the most probable genotype for each plant.

ii)

In crosses b), d) and e), what proportion of the Yellow progeny would be expected to produce some white progeny when self-fertilised.

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