State of Environment Report India 2009

Process and Content

11th August 2009

Presentation Profile

SoE Reporting Process in India SoE Report India 2009 key highlights Future Outlook

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SoE Reporting Process in India

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Background
10th Five Year Plan

Decision to streamline SoE Reporting System in India NHIs and SHIs designated

Objectives

to present an overview of the environmental situation in space and time to create awareness and ownership of issues among stakeholders to enable policy and strategy formulation to facilitate analytical and informed decision-making

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SoE Reporting Approach

Sensitisation / Stakeholders Workshop
(Data Based) (Perception Based)

Data Collection

Issue Identification & Prioritisation

Data Collation

Synthesis & Consultation

- Gaps - Possible responses

Response Identification

Validation & Data Gap Filling

Draft Report Consultation Finalisation

Verification with stakeholders

SoE Report - India

PSIR - Analytic Framework

PSIR framework has been used to analyse the various issues Pressure : Agents of environmental changes; State Impact : Analysis of the past trends or projection of the future; : Effects on environment quality; and

Response : Societal response with policies to affect State of the Environment

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SoE Reporting Products

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SoE Report India 2009

Key Highlights

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State of Environment Report

The report is structured into five sections

Section I

Overview State and Trends of the Environment Key Environmental Issues Policies and Institutional Options Annexure

Section II : Section III : Section IV : Section V :

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STATE & TRENDS

of
Land

ENVIRONMENT
Air Water Biodiversity
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Land
Approximately 45% land degraded

Water erosion Soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity Water logging Wind erosion & complex problems

Prime Causes

Deforestation Unsustainable agriculture practices Mining operations Excessive ground water extraction

>2/3 of this 147 Mha. can be quite easily regenerated

Forest Cover gradually improving

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Air

Increasing trend of RSPM and SPM levels

Most cities > NAAQ Standards Public Health damage costs in 50 cities (110m population) = Rs.15,000 crores in 2004

Prime drivers

Vehicular pollution Industrialisation

SO2 and NO2 levels fortunately decreasing due to measures taken

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Water
Quantitative limits to Water Use

Availability consuming 75% utilisable resource Future requirement just enough if careful Temporal Challenge 80% flows in four months Spatial Challenge many basins facing scarcity

Prime Causes

Domestic Activities

Unsustainable consumption patterns pricing Inadequate sanitation pollution Unregulated extraction of ground water Discharge of toxic and organic waste water Inefficient Irrigation and farming practices Overuse of chemical fertilisers and pesticides

Industrial Activities

Agricultural Activities

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Biodiversity
India biodiversity rich

With 2.4% global land area has 8% biodiversity wealth One of the 17 mega diverse countries >45,500 plant and 91,000 animal species Mostly in 10% of our land area 10% wild flora and fauna in threatened list Many on the verge of extinction Anthropogenic habitat destruction Others poaching and hunting, invasive species, over exploitation of wild bioresources, pollution and climate change
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However rapid loss trends

Prime Causes

Climate Change Food Security Water Security

KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Energy Security Managing Urbanization
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Addressing Climate Challenge

National Perspective

India contributes only ~5% global CO2 emissions @ 1.2T/capita/annum Over 700 million people likely to be affected Preliminary vulnerability assessments completed detailing in progress

Response Strategy - NAPCC

Adaptation to climate change Enhancement of ecological sustainability of Indias development path Multi-pronged integrated strategies through Eight National Missions

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Food Security
National Perspective

Under nourished population of ~ 231 million Marginal improvement in Childrens nutrition status

Response Strategy (NFS Mission)

Sustainable increase in production & productivity of food crops Boosting agricultural science and technology Promotion of organic farming Upgradation of storage and distribution systems

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Water Security

Improving efficiencies and minimising losses Recharging Ground Water Aquifers Abatement and Treatment of Pollution Reuse and recycling of Waste Water

Projected Annual Requirement of Water

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Energy Security
National Perspective

Though generation increased, over 600 million people have no access to electricity High dependence on fossil fuels have significant environmental and climate implications

Response Strategy

Generation capacity optimisation, technology upgradation, focus on renewables Transmission National Grid development, loss reduction Distribution system upgradation with service orientation, loss and theft reduction Conservation demand side management

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Managing Urbanization

National Perspective

Currently ~ 28% urban population rapidly increasing 20 to 40% urban population in slums with environmental and health implications

Response Strategies

JN National Urban Renewal Mission

Well Integrated More emphasis may be given to small and medium towns

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Future Outlook

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Future Outlook
before 2012
National Products

SoE Report India 2009 Two Thematic SoEs Updated Interactive SoE Atlas India Sustainability Watch

State Level Products

Second set of Reports all States Second set of other products most states

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Thank you

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