SAP ISU BILLING (Gas division)

Gas Industry

Gas distribution

General context of IS-U (Gas) Billing

Segments in a deregulated scenario
Trans Co DisCo

GenCo

Retailer

Present IS-U Billing is focused on DisCos Present Gas Billing meets standard demands of utilities with flexible integration of additional demands Enabling of deregulated scenarios in preparation for division electricity Requests for Gas Billing regarding:

deregulated scenario, i.e.: producers, pipelines and utilities integration of special needs of North American gas companies

Gas billing

Background of present gas billing

Legal prerequirements DVGW German association analogous to the American AGA deals with problems of division G(as) and W(ater) Report G685 comparable to special AGA reports provides rules for standard gas billing of mainly residential and commercial customers requirements are largely met by IS-U gas billing Report G486 provides rules for billing of large industrial customers takes into account special features such as the use of the GERG virial equation requirements up to now can only partly be met by integrating calculations deduced from other non-SAP-systems

Central Gas factors

Volume correction factor Calorific value Application determined by IS-U billing type: volumetric
no conversion of meter reading difference

standard volumetric
one conversion via volume correction factor

thermal
two conversions via volume correction factor and calorific value

Gas Procedures
Technical description of a register includes especially Nominal load Pressure measured at the register (gauge pressure) Inclusion of factors provided by the register

register does not integrate any thermal gas factors register integrates temperature register integrates temperature and pressure register integrates temperature, pressure and compressibility

Thermal gas billing

Gas Procedures
Technical description gives rise to possible choice of gas procedures when installing a register Gas procedure contains all necessary information for computing the gas factors, i.e. volume correction factor and calorific value Gas procedure is broken down into two procedures describing the computation of the central gas factors, more precisely:
Gas procedure = ( volume correction factor procedure , Calorific value procedure )

Volume correction factor procedure

The volume correction factor VCF is defined as: Ratio of norm volume to operating volume Basic explicit formula for volume correction factor VCF derived from the ideal gas law is as follows:

Tn Pamb + Peff 1 VCF = To + t Pn K

Volume Correction Procedure

Tn To t = = Standard Temperature (Kelvin or Rankine) Zero Point of temperature scale (273.15 Kelvin or 460 Rankine)

= Temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit

Pamb = Air Pressure Peff Pn K F = Measured Pressure at the register = Standard Pressure (e.g. 1.01325 bar) = Gas Law Deviation Factor = 1 / K with F = Supercompressibility Factor

Dimensions
Gas Billing possible in

SI system ( metric system ) English system ( non-metric system )

General Notion of Dimension

Class of measurement units belonging to physical quantity, e.g. volume or energy (cf, Ccf, Mcf ) Usually fixed conversion factors between units within the same dimension, e.g. Ccf <-> Mcf or kWh <-> MWh Mapping into SAP system via general Implementation Guide applicable for all divisions i.e. not Gas specific

Dimensions
Conversion by central gas factors

Conversion of units of measurement belonging to different dimensions

e.g. Ccf -> Btu ( English system ) e.g. m3 -> kWh ( SI system )

Conversion by Volume Correction Factor VCF

Operating volume * VCF = standard volume source measurement unit, e.g. cf or m3 target measurement unit, e.g. Scf or Nm3 Define source / target unit in Volume Correction Procedure Volume Correction Procedure defines rule for computing VCF, which in general is NOT a fixed factor

Dimensions

Conversion by Calorific Value CV

Standard volume * CV = Energy (billing consumption) source measurement unit, e.g. scf or Nm3 target measurement unit, e.g. Btu or kWh Define source / target unit in Calorific Value Procedure Calorific Value Procedure defines rule for computing CV, which in general is NOT a fixed factor

Dimensions
Overview of all conversions

Meter Difference

[ meter reading unit ] [ meter read. unit -> source unit VCF ] [ source unit VCF -> target unit VCF ] [ target unit VCF - > source unit CV ] [ source unit CV -> target unit CV ] [ target unit CV -> billing unit ] [ billing unit ]

* VCF

* CV

= Energy

Components of Volume Correction Factor

Gas Temperature Air pressure Gas pressure at the meter Gas Law Deviation Factor

per pressure and temperature per register

Components of Volume Correction Factor

Application of components determined by Inclusion of Factors Register includes no components Register includes temperature Register includes temperature and pressure Register includes temperature, pressure and compressibility

Determination of Temperature

Tn

Pamb + Peff

VCF = To + t Pn K

Temperature

Temperature

V_TE447 Monthly Measured Gas Temperature

V_TE247 Fixed Temperature

Monthly base

Daily base

V_TE307 Temperature area

V_TE551 Fixed Temperature Key

Temperature Procedures
V_TE447 (monthly base) used for calculation of:

Arithmetical annual average Weighted annual average Arithmetical average over the billing period Weighted average over the billing period

V_TE247 (daily base) used for determination of:

Fixed temperature

Daily base

monthly base

Determination of Pressure

Tn Pamb + Peff 1 VCF = To + t Pn K

Pressure

Air Pressure ( Pamb )

V_TE339 Monthly Measured Air Pressure V_TE907 Annual Air pressure

Monthly base

Daily base

V_TE309 Air Pressure area

Air Pressure Procedures

V_TE907 (daily base) used for calculation of:

Annual air pressure

V_TE339 (monhtly base) used for calculation of :

Arithmetical average over the billing period Weighted average over the billing period Monthly measured air pressure

Gas pressure at the meter (Peff)

V_TE341 Measured Pressure V_TE345 Gas Pressure Area

Permitted pressures assigned to the register or indirectly via pressure regulator during installation

Default pressure depending on regional structure Correction pressure at the meter is possible

No explicit calculation of GLDF

V_TE445 Gas Law Deviation Factor per Pressure and Temperature

Gas Law Deviation Factor

Compressibility factor Z = deviating behavior of real gas in comparison to ideal gas

p*V = Z*R*T

Gas Law Deviation Factor K = Z/Zn = ratio of compressibility factors at any condition to those at normal conditions

F = 1 / K with F = Supercompressibility Factor very complicated to determine

AGANX-19-mod GERG88

no explicit calculation in IS-U; values must be imported from nonSAP-system

Special Volume Correction Factor Procedures

Fixed volume correction factor

no use of formula derived from ideal gas law factor dependent on:

Billing class Air pressure area V_TE929 Temperature area Daily base

Calorific value
V_TE453 Calorific Value Districts

V_TE921 Energy Feeding According to Calorific Value District

V_TE449 Monthly Calorific Value

Calorific Value Procedures

V_TE449 ( monthly base ) used for calculation of:

Arithmetical annual average Weighted annual average Arithmetical average over the billing period Weighted average over the billing period determination of monthly calorific value

Calorific Value Procedures

Determination of CV for Billing

based on V_TE449 (monthly values) maintained by customizing transaction EA70 comparison of (weighted averages ) via V_TE449 with pre-set fixed calorific value is possible User decides on billing calorific value and maintains it

Example: ======= 07/98 Actual average Fixed value Delta - > Bill CV 11.01 11 0.01 11

Customizing Transactions
EA73 Gas procedure EA76 Calorific Value procedure

EA79 Volume correction factor procedure

EA70 Billing Calorific Value

Connecting data relationships

Register

Inclusion of factors Gas procedure Regional structure proposes values during device installation for the following:

Air pressure area Gas Pressure Area Temperature Area Calorific value district

Rate category (defined in installation)

Type of Gas Billing ( thermal, standard volumetric, volumetric )

Connecting data relationships

P = proposal for gas procedure

Inclusion of factors (P) nominal load (P) gas pressure at the meter (P) Gas procedure Air pressure area Gas Pressure Area Temperature Area Calorific value district

Execution of Gas procedure during

billing meter reading

Installation
Rate category Type of gas billing (P) Billing class (P)

simulation budget billing plan extrapolation

Installation

Register Data and Rate Category

Connecting data relationships

Gas Procedure
Calorific value procedure

V_TE449 (monthly)

Special VCF procedures

Volume correction procedure

fixed VCF (daily) register relationship

ZZ ZE

Temperature

Air pressure

Gauge pressure

GLDF

V_TE247 fixed (daily) V_TE447 (monthly)

V_TE339 (monthly) V_TE907 (daily)

V_TE341 (daily) V_TE345 (daily)

V_TE445 register (daily)