CCNA EXPLORATION ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

COMPARISON OF NEW CURRICULA WITH EXISTING CURRICULA

Prepared by Cisco Learning Institute

June 25, 2007

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Routing Protocols and Concepts Summary

New CCNA curriculum has been created to improve student experience, improve quality, and increase flexibility.

June 27, 2007

Page 1

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Routing Protocols and Concepts Course Outline

Following is the outline for this new course with indications as to which topics contain new content.

Course Outline 1.0 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2
June 27, 2007

New/ Existing Content

Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding Inside the Router Routers are Computers Router CPU and Memory Internetwork Operating System Router Boot-Up Process Verifying Router Boot-up Process Router Interfaces Routers and the Network Layer CLI Configuration and Addressing Implementing Basic Addressing Schemes Basic Router Configuration Building the Routing Table Introducing the Routing Table Directly Connected Routes Static Routing Dynamic Routing Routing Table Principles Path determination and Switching Functions Packet Fields and Frame Fields Best Path and Metric Equal Cost Load Balancing Path Determination Switching Functions Router Configuration Labs Cabling a Network and Basic Router Configuration Basic Router Configuration

P-New 1.1.2 P-New1.1.2, 1.2.2 2.1.1 2.2.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2 2.2.10 P-New 1.2.3, 2.2.2 P-New 1.1.3, 1.1.4

New 3.1.1-3.1.7 3.2.2-3.2.4

P-New 6.1.2 9.1.1 P-New 9.1.5 P-New 6.1.2 P-New 6.1.2 New

P-New 9.1.4 6.3.1-6.3.3 7.2.9 P-New 6.3.1 P-New 6.3.1

1.2.5-1.2.7 1.2.5-1.2.7 2.2.4, 2.2.9

Page 2

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline New/ Existing Content New

1.5.3 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2
June 27, 2007

Challenge Router Configuration Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction Routers and Network Role of the Router Introducing the Topology Examining the Connections of the Router Router Configuration Review

1.6.1 1.7.1 2.0.1

New New P-New 1.2.6, 1.2.7

Examining Router Interfaces Configuring an Ethernet interface Verifying Ethernet interface Configuring a Serial interface Examining Router interfaces Exploring Directly Connected Networks Verifying Changes to the Routing Table Devices on Directly Connected Networks Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Using CDP for Network Discovery Static Routes with "Next Hop" Addresses Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route Configuring Static Routes Routing Table Principles to Static Routes Resolving to an Exit Interface Static Routes with Exit Interfaces Configuring a Static Route with an Exit interface Modifying Static Routes Verifying the Static Route Configuration Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces Summary and Default Static Routes Summary Static Routes Default Static Route

3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.7 P-New 3.1.7 P-New 3.1.7 P-New 3.1.5 P-New 3.1.5 3.1.5-3.1.7 6.1.2, 9.1.1 New P-New 4.1.1 4.1.2-4.1.5

6.1.2, 6.1.3 P-New 6.1.3 P-New 6.1.5 New

New New New New

New New
Page 3

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.9.1 2.10.1 3.0.1 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2
June 27, 2007

New/ Existing Content

Managing and Troubleshooting Static Routes Static Routes and Packet Forwarding Troubleshooting a Missing Route Solving the Missing Route Static Route Configuration Labs Basic Static Route Configuration Lab Challenge Static Route Configuration Troubleshooting Static Routes Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction Introduction and Advantages Perspective and background Network discovery and routing table maintenance Advantages Classifying Dynamic Routing Protocols Overview IGP and EGP Distance Vector and Link State Classful and Classless Convergence Metrics Purpose of a metric Metrics and Routing Protocols Load Balancing Administrative Distances Purpose of Administrative Distance Dynamic Routing Protocols Static Routes Directly connected networks Routing Protocols and Subnetting Activities Identifying Elements of the Routing Table Subnetting Scenario 1

New New New

6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.1.6 New New

2.9 2.10 3.0

P-New 6.2.1 P-New 6.2.1 New

6.2.4 6.3.3 6.2.4-6.2.6 New 6.2.3, 7.1.2

9.1.6 P-New 9.1.6 7.2.9

9.1.5 P-New 9.1.6 P-New 6.1.1, 6.1.2 P-New 9.1.5

9.1.1, 9.1.5, 9.1.6 New

Page 4

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 3.5.3 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.5 4.5.1 4.6 4.7 4.8
June 27, 2007

3.5.4 3.6.1 3.7.1 4.0.1

Subnetting Scenario 2 ( Subnetting Scenario 3 Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction Introduction to Distance Vector Routing Protocols Distance Vector Routing Protocols Distance Vector Technology Routing Protocol Algorithms Routing Protocol Characteristics Network Discovery Cold Start Initial Exchange of Routing Information Exchange of Routing Information Convergence Routing Table Maintenance Periodic Updates: RIPv1 and IGRP Bounded Updates: EIGRP Triggered Updates Random Jitter Routing Loops Definition and Implications Problem: Count to Infinity Setting a maximum Preventing Routing Loops with Holddown timers Split Horizon Rule Split Horizon with Poison Reverse or Route Poisoning IP and TTL Distance Vector Routing Protocols today RIP and EIGRP Lab Activities Summary and Review Chapter Quiz

New/ Existing Content New New

6.2.1, 6.2.3, 6.2.4 6.2.4, 7.0 6.2.5 6.2.5, 7.1.1 P-New 6.3.3, 7.1.2

New 7.2.2 7.2.2 P-New 6.2.3, 7.1.2

P-New 7.1.1, 7.1.3, 7.2.2 New P-New 7.1.6 New

P-New 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.3 7.1.7 7.1.4 P-New 7.1.5 New

P-New 6.2.6, 7.2.1

4.6.1 4.7.1 4.8.1

Page 5

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 5.0 5.0.1 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.7.1 5.8.1 6.0.1
Routing Information Protocol Chapter Introduction RIPv1: Distance Vector, Classful Routing Protocol Background and Perspective RIP Characteristics and Message Format RIP Operation Administrative Distance Basic RIPv1 Configuration Basic RIPv1 Configuration Enabling RIP: router rip command Specifying Networks Verification and Troubleshooting Verifying RIP: show ip route Verifying RIP: show ip protocols Verifying RIP: debug ip rip Passive Interfaces Automatic Summarization Modified Topology: Scenario B Boundary Routers and Automatic Summarization Processing RIP Updates Sending RIP Updates Advantages and Disadvantages of Automatic Summarization Default Route and RIPv1 Modified Topology: Scenario C Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1 RIPv1 Configuration Labs Basic RIP Configuration Challenge RIP Configuration RIP Troubleshooting Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction

New/ Existing Content

P-New 7.2.1 P-New 6.2.5, 7.2.1 New 9.1.5

P-New 7.2.2 7.2.2 7.2.2

7.2.5, 7.2.6, 9.1.1 7.2.5, 7.2.6 7.2.6 7.2.7

New P-New 7.2.3 New P-New 7.2.3, 7.2.6 P-New 7.2.3, 7.2.6

New New

P-New 9.1.1,9.1.2 New New

5.7 5.8 6.0

June 27, 2007

Page 6

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline New/ Existing Content

6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 6.5.1 6.6.1 7.0.1 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.3 7.3.1
June 27, 2007

Classful and Classless Addressing Classful IP Addressing Classful Routing Protocol Classless IP Addressing Classless Routing Protocols VLSM VLSM in action VLSM and IP Addresses CIDR Route Summarization Calculating Route Summarization VLSM and Route Summarization Activity Basic VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design Activity Challenge VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design Activity Troubleshooting a VLSM Addressing Design Activity Basic Route Summarization Activity Challenge Route Summarization Activity Troubleshooting Route Summarization Activity Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction RIPv1 Limitations Lab Topology RIPv1 Topology Limitations RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks RIPv1: No VLSM Support RIPv1: No CIDR Support Configuring RIPv2 Enabling and Verifying RIPv2 Auto-summary and RIPv2 Disabling Auto-Summary in RIPv2 Verifying RIPv2 Updates VLSM and CIDR RIPv2 and VLSM

P-New P-New 7.2.2,7.2.3 New P-New 7.2.3

New New

New New

New New New New New New

6.5 6.6 7.0

New New New New New

New New New New

New
Page 7

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 7.3.2 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.6.1 7.7.1 8.0.1 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.5.1 8.6.1 9.0.1
RIPv2 and CIDR Verifying and Troubleshooting RIPv2

New/ Existing Content New 3.1.4, 4.2.5,7.2.5, 9.2.2 7.2.6 New New

Verification and Troubleshooting commands Common RIPv2 issues Authentication RIPv2 Configuration Labs Basic RIPv2 Configuration Challenge RIPv2 Configuration RIPv2 Troubleshooting Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction The Routing Table Structure Lab Topology Routing Table Entries Level 1 Routes Parent and Child Routes: Classful Networks Parent and Child Routes: Classless Networks Routing Table Lookup Process Steps in the Route Lookup Process Longest Match: Level 1 Network Routes Longest Match: Level 1 Parent and Level 2 Child Routes Routing Behavior Classful and Classless Routing Behavior Classful Routing Behavior: no ip classless Classful Routing Behavior Search Process Classless Routing Behavior: ip classless Classless Routing Behavior Search Process Routing Table Labs Investigating the Routing Table Lookup Process The show ip route Challenge Lab Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction

New New New

7.6 7.7 8.0

New New New New New

New New New

New P-New 7.2.3 New New New New New

8.5 8.6 9.0

June 27, 2007

Page 8

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 9.1 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.1.5 9.1.6 9.1.7 9.1.8 9.1.9 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6 9.5 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.5.4 9.5.5
June 27, 2007

Introduction to EIGRP EIGRP: An Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol EIGRP Message Format Protocol Dependent Modules (PDM) RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol) and EIGRP Packet Types Hello Protocol EIGRP Bounded Updates DUAL: An Introduction Administrative Distance Authentication Basic EIGRP configuration EIGRP Network Topology Autonomous System and Process IDs The router eigrp command The network Command Verifying EIGRP Examining the Routing Table EIGRP Metric Calculation EIGRP Composite Metric and the K Values EIGRP Metrics Using the Bandwidth Command Calculating the EIGRP Metric DUAL DUAL concepts Successor and Feasibile Distance Feasible Successor, Feasible Condition and Reported Distance Topology Table: Successor and Feasible Successor Topology Table: No Feasible Successor Finite State Machine More EIGRP Configuration The Null0 Summary Route Disabling Automatic Summarization Manual Summarization EIGRP Default Route Fine Tuning EIGRP

New/ Existing Content P-New 6.2.1, 6.2.6, 6.3.3 P-New 7.3.1, 7.3.2 New New New New New New P-New 9.1.5 New

New P-New 6.2.2, 6.2.3 P-New 6.3.2 P-New 6.3.2 New New

New New New New

New New New New New New

New New New New New

Page 9

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 9.6 9.6.1 9.6.2 9.6.3 9.7.1 9.8.1 10.0.1 10.1 10.1.1 10.1.2 10.1.3 10.1.4 10.1.5 10.1.6 10.1.7 10.1.8 10.1.9 10.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.3 10.4 11.0 11.1 11.1.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 11.1.4 11.1.5 11.1.6 11.1.7 11.1.8 11.2
June 27, 2007

New/ Existing Content New New New

EIGRP Configuration Labs Basic EIGRP Configuration Lab Challenge EIGRP Configuration Lab Troubleshooting EIGRP Configuration Lab Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction Link-State Routing Link State Routing Protocols Introduction to the SPF Algorithm Link State Routing Process Learning about Directly Connected Routes Sending Hello Packets to Neighbors Building the Link-State Packet Flooding Link-State Packets to Neighbors Constructing a Link-State Database Shortest Path First (SPF) Tree Implementing Link-State Routing Protocols Advantages of a Link-State Routing Protocol Requirements of a Link-State Routing Protocol Summary and Review Chapter Quiz Chapter Introduction Introduction to OSPF Background of OSPF OSPF Message Encapsulation OSPF Packet Types Hello Protocol OSPF Link-State Updates OSPF Algorithm Administrative Distance Authentication Basic OSPF Configuration

9.7 9.8 10.0

P-New 6.2.6, 6.3.5 P-New 6.2.6, 6.3.5 P-New 6.2.6, 6.3.5 New New New New New

New New

10.3.1 10.4.1 11.0.1

New New New New New New New New

Page 10

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Course Outline 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.2.4 11.2.5 11.2.6 11.3 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.4 11.4.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 11.5 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.6 11.6.1 11.6.2 11.6.3 11.7.1 11.8.1
Lab Topology router ospf process-id command The network command OSPF Router ID Verifying OSPF Examining the Routing Table The OSPF Metric OSPF Metric Modifying the Cost of the Link OSPF and Multi-access Networks Challenges in Multiaccess Networks DR/BDR Election Process OSPF Interface Priority More OSPF Configuration Redistributing an OSPF Default Route Fine-Tuning OSPF OSPF Configuration Labs Basic OSPF Configuration Lab Challenge OSPF Configuration Lab Troubleshooting OSPF Configuration Lab Chapter Summary Chapter Quiz

New/ Existing Content New New New New New New

New New New New New

New New New New New

11.7 11.8

Routing Protocols and Concepts Summary of Skills and Equipments Changes

There are new skills as well as new equipment being introduced in the CCNA Exploration curriculum. NEW SKILLS REQUIRED Following is a list of the new skills that shall be required for the Routing Protocols and Concepts course: Advanced examination of routing tables OSPF troubleshooting EIGRP troubleshooting
Page 11

June 27, 2007

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Advance use of Packet Tracer 4.1

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Academies adopting all CCNA Discovery courses and/or all CCNA Exploration courses Minimum Required Equipment Bundle: In order to be able to implement the different topologies that are used in the lab exercises of the CCNA curricula, Academies teaching the four courses of either CCNA Exploration and/or CCNA Discovery require as a minimum the following equipment: - 3 Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Routers (ISR) with Base IP IOS 12.4 - 3 2960 switches - 2 Linksys wireless routers (Linksys 300N is preferred but 54G is alternative) or SOHO equivalent (Linksys WRV200) Note: The routers and switches in this equipment bundles can be substituted by other models of Cisco routers and switches with equal or higher specifications. Additional Lab Equipment Required: In addition to the networking equipment specified above, the lab topologies of CCNA Exploration and Discovery require the use of the following equipment and accessories: - 1 PC acting as an Application Server - 2 desktop/laptop PCs acting as clients - NIC Cards for the PC server and PC clients - 2 Wireless LAN Adapters for the client PCs - Ethernet cables and Serial Cables - Cable-making and testing equipment IOS Option: In order to keep equipment investment to a minimum, the Product Development team designed all lab exercises for both CCNA Exploration and Discovery using the BASE IP IOS 12.4. For those Academies that wish to drill deeper into some of the routing functionalities, Cisco recommends an upgrade of the BASE IP IOS to the Advanced Services IOS. In addition to the software itself, this upgrade requires additional DRAM and Flash memories for the 1841 Routers. Details of the upgrade can be found in the Advanced IP Options tab of this document. Mounting Rack Accessories: The 1841 is a desktop router. Academies that prefer to install lab equipment in standard 19 racks, can use the optional Rack Kit for the 1841. Topologies:

June 27, 2007

Page 12

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

CCNA Exploration 2 Routing Protocols and Concepts Lab Topology

June 27, 2007

Page 13

CISCO, INC.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCE GUIDE

Summary of Changes
Integrated use of Packet Tracer for network visualization, skill building and simulation. Removal of content related to IGRP, TCP, and ICMP. TCP and ICMP are covered in Network Fundamentals. IGRP is no longer supported by Cisco. More challenging lab activities including skill building and troubleshooting practice. Content covering Access-Control Lists has been moved to the fourth Exploration course for managing traffic and security. Core topic for the course is a higher level of routing and routing protocols brought down from CCNA 3 and 4 courses such as OSPF, and EIGRP, VLSM and CIDR.

June 27, 2007

Page 14