Code No: R05320204 Set No.

1
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Define the following

(a) Arithmetic mean

(b) Median
(c) Standard deviation
(d) Variance. [4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Explain about aperiodic signal with examples.

(b) Compare periodic and aperiodic signals. [8+8]

3. Draw the block diagram of a sampling oscilloscope and describe its working with
necessary wave forms? [16]

4. (a) Explain the basic circuit of a digital frequency meter.

(b) A 3 12 digital voltmeter is used for measuring voltage
i. Find its resolution
ii. How would the voltage of 14.53 v be displayed on 10 V scale?
iii. How would the voltage of 14.53 v be displayed on 100 V scale? [8+8]

5. (a) What is a wave analyzer? Mention its significance in measurement system

(b) Explain the working of a Frequency selective wave analyzer with a neat block
diagram.
(c) Mention few applications of heterodyne wave analyzers. [4+8+4]

6. A piezoelectric transducer has a capacitance of 1000pF and a charge sensitivity of

40× 10 - 3 C/m. The connecting cable has a capacitance of 300pF while the oscil-
loscope used for readout has an input resistance of 1MΩ and a parallel capacitance
of 50pF.

(a) what is the sensitivity of the transducer alone?

(b) (V/m) of the entire measuring system?
(c) what is the lowest frequency that can be measured with a 5% amplitude error
by the entire system
(d) what is the value of external shunt capacitance that can be connected in order
to extend the range of 5% error down to 10 Hz.?

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 1
(e) What is the high frequency sensitivity, when the external shunt capacitance
calculated in
(f) is connected in the circuit. [16]

7. Discuss the principle of operation , advantages and disadvantages of drag cup type
tachogenerator. [16]

8. (a) Mention various types of instruments used for temperature measurement.

(b) Describe the temperature measurement with resistance thermometers. [4+12]

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 2
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Define the following

(a) Arithmetic mean

(b) Median
(c) Standard deviation
(d) Variance. [4+4+4+4]

2. (a) Write about analog and digital signals with illustrations?

(b) Define all the standard test signals with suitable waveforms? [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the relation for deflection sensitivity ‘Se’ of a CRT.

(b) With neat diagram explain the working function of analog storage oscilloscope.
[8+8]

4. List different types of DVM and explain any one of them with neat sketch? [16]

5. (a) What is harmonic distortion? What are the types of the distortion? Discuss
them.
(b) A capacitor of capacitance 245 µF produces resonance at angular frequency
of 5 × 106 rad/s, while a capacitor of capacitance 50 pF produces resonance
with the second harmonic of this frequency. Calculate the inductance and the
self capacitance of the coil. [6+10]

6. (a) Explain the input and ouput characteristics of the transducers.

(b) Discuss the materials used for potentiometers. [10+6]

7. (a) Define gauge sensitivity and derive expression for it.

(b) in order to measure strain in a cantilever beam a single strain gauge of resis-
tance 1 K Ω and gauge factor 2 and temperature coefficient of 10 × 10 - 6 /
0
C is mounted on one beam and connected in one arm of the bridge circuit.
The other three arms of the bridge have resistances of 100 Ω each. The bridge
detector resistance is 100 Ω and it’s sensitivity is 10mm/µA
i. Calculate deflector’s defletion for 0.1% strain
ii. Calculate the change in effective strain indicated when the room temper-
ature increases by 10 0 C.
(c) Mention few devices that are used for the measurement of Rotary displace-
ment. [4+9+3]

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 2
8. (a) Explain the principle of solid rod thermometer.
(b) The hot junction of a chromel- alumel thermocouple is connected to a poten-
tiometer terminals is at 240 C. The potentiometer whose terminals are at 24
0
C reads 27.6mV. What is the temperature of the thermocouple junction. The
calibration chart of the thermocouple is [8+8]
Temp( 0 C) 20 24 28 ........... 480 488 493
Voltage(mV) 0.8 0.95 1.12 ........... 26.25 26.72 26.04

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 3
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How the performance characteristics of an instrument are classified?

(b) Explain clearly the difference between Accuracy and Precision? [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the spectra of a periodic rectangular pulse train for the following.
i) Amplitude
(ii) Phase spectra when time origin coincides with centre of pulse.
iii) Phase spectra with pulse starting at t=0.
(b) Define line spectra. [8+8]
3. Draw and explain different parts of a CRT? [16]
4. Explain with neat circuit diagram the working of the linear ramp type DVM. [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of a heterodyne wave analyzer with a neat block diagram.
(b) Explain the principle and operation of basic spectrum analyzer with a neat
block diagram. [6+10]
6. Explain the factors that influence the selection of a transducer. [16]
7. (a) Describe the following methods of temperature compensation for strain gauges
i. use of dummy gauge
ii. half bridge method.
(b) A single electrical resistance strain gauge of resistance 120Ω and having a
gauge factor of 2 is bonded to steel having elastic limit stress of 400MN/m2 .
and modulus of elasticity 200GN/m2 .Calculate the change in resistance due
to
i. change in stress equal to 1/10th of the elastic range
ii. change of temperature of 20 0 C if the material is advanced alloy. The
resistance temperature coefficient of alloy is 20 × 10 - 6 / 0 C.
iii. Calculate the strain due to the differential expansion of the guage metal
and steel, if coefficient of linear expansion of the steel is 12 × 10 - 6 / 0 C
and that of the advanced alloy is 16 × 10 - 6 / 0 C. [8+8]
8. (a) Describe the principle and operation of Knudsen gauge with a neat sketch.
(b) Describe the operation of Ionization gauges for pressure measurement. [8+8]

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 4
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain the phenomenon of hysteresis in measurement systems. Alongside explain

the terms ‘threshold’, ‘maximum input hysteresis’, ‘maximum output hysteresis’,
‘dead zone’, and ‘Blacklash’, Draw neat diagrams to explain them. [16]

2. (a) Explain the spectra of a periodic rectangular pulse train for the following.
i) Amplitude
(ii) Phase spectra when time origin coincides with centre of pulse.
iii) Phase spectra with pulse starting at t=0.
(b) Define line spectra. [8+8]

3. Discuss in detail electrostatic deflection of electron beam. [16]

4. (a) On what basis digital voltmeters are classified?

(b) Explain with circuit diagram, the principle of operation of DVM. [8+8]

5. (a) What is a wave analyzer? Mention its significance in measurement system

(b) Explain the working of a Frequency selective wave analyzer with a neat block
diagram.
(c) Mention few applications of heterodyne wave analyzers. [4+8+4]

6. A piezoelectric transducer has a capacitance of 1000pF and a charge sensitivity of

40× 10 - 3 C/m. The connecting cable has a capacitance of 300pF while the oscil-
loscope used for readout has an input resistance of 1MΩ and a parallel capacitance
of 50pF.

(a) what is the sensitivity of the transducer alone?

(b) (V/m) of the entire measuring system?
(c) what is the lowest frequency that can be measured with a 5% amplitude error
by the entire system
(d) what is the value of external shunt capacitance that can be connected in order
to extend the range of 5% error down to 10 Hz.?
(e) What is the high frequency sensitivity, when the external shunt capacitance
calculated in
(f) is connected in the circuit. [16]

7. (a) Discuss briefly about piezoelectric accelerometers.

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Code No: R05320204 Set No. 4
(b) A piezoelectric accelerometer has a transfer function 61mV/g and a natural
frequency of 4500Hz. In a vibration test at 110Hz, a reading of 3.6V peak is
obtained. Find the vibration peak displacement. [10+6]

8. (a) What is a Radiation pyrometer? Explain the principles used for radiation
temperature measuring devices.
(b) Explain the black body conditions.
(c) Write a short notes on quartz crystal thermometer. [6+6+4]

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