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1. Another Genre or Text Type: Procedure (pro/ce/dure)

Procedures are easy to write. They are also handy for showing people how to accomplish various tasks. Procedures tell people how to do things. A procedure may also be called a method or instruction. The procedure might be: how to do an experiment in science; how to vote; how to change a tyre on a car; how to abseil; how to play a computer game; how to pan for gold.

Any activity is likely to have a procedure for those who are new to it.

SA

Underline the most serious procedure in the following: The procedure for carrying out: an air/sea rescue; becoming a member of the library; resuscitating someone who has swallowed too much water; preparing a path for concreting. Procedure has many synonyms. Underline the three words in the following which are not synonyms for procedure. manner, method, familiar, operation, means, mastered, progress, technique, way, known, plan, routine

Is there anything that you would like to find how to do? Write below three things that you would like to find out how to do: 1) _________________________________________________________________ 2) _________________________________________________________________ 3) _________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 1a

At times a procedure can be a matter of life and death.

PL

how to make a cake;

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1. Another Genre or Text Type: Procedure (pro/ce/dure)

A procedure enables people to do things that are new to them. Or to make sure they do things in the correct order, and include all that needs to be done. Say procedure (pro/ce/dure). The nurse learnt the procedure for dealing with very sick patients. I now know the procedure for drafting and redrafting essays. The apprentice plumber now knew the procedure for changing pipes. What procedure is used for becoming a member of the club? What procedure is followed when the store discovers a shoplifter?

Write below a sentence with procedure in it.

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ See if you can work out the parts of speech below. Write the word in the space provided. If you have trouble look up your dictionary. Try to spell the words correctly. You are looking for the verb, adjective, and adverb that come from procedure.

Noun

M
Verb
How to change a tyre.

Procedure

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How to conduct a successful meeting.

Procedures cover the countless things that people do. Procedures tell us how. They, therefore, have a goal and a result. The result should be reflected in the goal. The procedure or method tells how to achieve the goal. Procedures include activities as different as:
How to handle complaints.

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Adjective Adverb
How to read and interpret body temperature.

Exercise 1b

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2. The Framework for a Procedure

A procedure consists of . . .
1) The goal of the activity. This is where you tell your reader what he/she is going to achieve. Make biscuits; play a computer game; change a tyre; do an experiment.

3) Steps to achieve the goal

SA
Word particular briefly conclusion experiment goal

Exercise 2

Vocabulary: draw a line from each word to its synonyms Synonyms method, exploration, demonstration, examination, investigation, probe, research, venture, tactic aspiration, target, intention, ambition, ideal, outcome, purpose, objective shortly, summarily, abruptly, succinctly, abruptly, concisely certain, specific, detail, component, aspect, element, factor end, effect, result, denouement

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4) Conclusion You may wish to include a conclusion. That is what can be expected from the procedure. It could include the result of the experiment, a tyre safely changed, pleasure from a computer game or well cooked biscuits of a particular flavour, appearance, and texture.

PL

This is the main part of the procedure. It is where you tell your reader what to do. No important step should be left out. You should write the steps clearly and briefly. The reader should have confidence in your instructions. (in/struc/tions)

2) Any materials needed for the procedure.

These could be: ingredients for the biscuits; how to install the computer game; tools to change the tyre; equipment for the experiment.

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3. Examples of Procedures
Procedure 1: A cooking procedure
Our first example of a procedure is an easy one. I hope you like the recipe. Julieannes recipe for preparing pikelets. The goal of the activity To make pikelets. Pikelets are like small pancakes. They are easy to make and good for school lunches or morning or afternoon tea. What you need

What you have to do

Result

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Mix all together in a bowl. Heat frypan to 340 C. Oil base of pan (just enough so that the pikelets will not stick). Place 1 tablespoonful of mixture at a time in the frypan until bubbles form then turn. When brown on both sides turn out on a plate. You should now have pikelets which are attractive in appearance, non-sticky texture and pleasant to taste. Pikelets may be eaten warm or cold. They may be eaten as is, or with jam or honey.

1 cup self raising flour teaspoon bicarbonate of soda 2 tablespoons sugar 1 cup sour milk (to make sour milk add lemon or vinegar) 1 egg

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3. Examples of Procedures: continued

Procedure 2: Scoring a goal at netball by Gloria D.
What you need Practise your skill on a netball court. If not, you may have a netball ring in the backyard at home. Hold the ball with your hands. One hand steadies the ball; the other is part of your shooting arm. Hold the ball above your head. Keep your back straight. Feel your feet pointing towards the goal post. Aim at a spot just above the goal post about 15 cms. You are ready to shoot: Elbows and knees bend together for the shoot. Now elbows and knees are straightened at the same time, and with a flick of your wrist the ball is on its way to score a goal. Another option is to aim at the middle part of the goal ring. But whatever you choose, stick with it. Remember, practice makes perfect. Once you know the movement you will need to practise it as often as you can. You will be spurred on, as you score more goals at practice. Try shooting for goals from more difficult positions.

What you have to do

Result

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3. Examples of Procedures: continued Exercise 3a

Having read Glorias procedure, decide whether each of the following is true or false and underline the correct answer. 1) Bend your back as you shoot for the goal. true false

true false

3) There is only one method for lining up the goal ring as you get ready to shoot.

true false

5) Netball is one of those games which does not require much practice. true false

SA M
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true false 4) The best position for your feet is to have them pointing towards the goal post.

2) You must only practice goal shooting on a netball court.

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3. Examples of Procedures: continued

Our third example, is a Science procedure which Angelas class had carried out. This is how she recorded the experiment. The aim of the experiment The aim of this experiment is to note the difference between hot and cold air, and to note the effect of this difference. 1 empty bottle such as a milk or drink bottle. 1 large bowl A balloon Hot water Ice water 1) Make the bottle hot. So, run hot water over the bottle. Then fill the bottle with hot water. Pour it out. You now have a hot bottle.

Materials for the experiment

Procedure for the experiment

SA M
Result Conclusion
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2) Now start to refill the bottle with hot water until it is one quarter full. Place the balloon over the bottle Fill the bowl with ice water, and place the bottle with balloon in the bowl. 3) The balloon was sucked into the bottle until it disappeared into the bottle. Hot air expands; cold air contracts. When the balloon was placed over the bottle, it was hot. When the bottle was placed in the bowl of iced water, the air in the bottle contracted. It, therefore, pulled air from the outside in. In this case, it was air in the balloon. As a result, the balloon was pulled into the bottle.