Solutions to Integration Problems

Fall 2007
1. Perform integration by parts with u = x, dv = sec2 xdx. The answer is x tan x + ln | cos x| + C 2. Perform the substitution u = 2x + 1. The answer is 2x + ln |2x + 1| + C 3. Perform the substitution u = x2 . The answer is 7 x2 +C 2e 4. Use the fact that x2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)2 . The answer 1 is x+3 + C 5. Since sin(x3 ) is an odd function and the interval is symmetric around 0, the integral is zero. (Note that we would not want to nd an antiderivative for this function.) 0 6. Perform the substitution u = 3x + 4. The answer is 2 (31 31 7 7) 9 7. Integrate by parts with u = tan1 x and dv = x. Complete the integration by using long division. The 1 answer is x + tan2 x + 1 x2 tan1 x + C . 2 2 8. Integrate by parts twice and note that we obtain the original integrand. The answer is 1 ex (sin xcos x)+ 2 C 9. Integrate by parts with u = ln x, dv = xdx. The 1 answer is 2 x2 ln x 1 x2 + C 4 10. Use the trigonometric identity sin2 = 1 (1 cos 2). 2 1 1 The answer is 2 x 28 sin(14x) + C 11. Perform the substitution u = x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1. The answer is ln |x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1| + C 12. Use partial fractions. The answer is 15 ln |x 2| + 21 ln |x 3| + C 2 13.
1 2 9 2 1 Use trig identity cos2 x = 18. sin(x) 3 sin3 (x) + C. 2 1 sin x by rewriting integrand as cos2 (x) cos(x). Substitute for sin2 x.

19. 1.

Integrate by parts. Integrate by parts twice.

20. x(ln x)2 2x ln x+2x+C. 21.

1 3 3 (ln x)

+ C.

Substitute for ln x

22. ln 3. 23.
1 2 2 (x 2

Substitute u = ln x.

+ 1) ln(x2 + 1) 1 (x2 + 1) + C. Substitute 2 for x and then do by parts. Your answer may dier by a constant, of course.

24. x 2 arctan x + C. Realize that the fraction equals 1 x22 . You can also use long division to do this. +1
2 25. x ln |x + 1| + ln |x 1| + C. Note 1 + (x+1)(x1) = 1 1 1 x+1 + x1 . Note that long division could be used here as well.

26.

tan1 (x2 ) + C. 27. x2 + 1 + C. Substitute u = x2 + 1.

1 2

28. 29.

ln |ex 2| 1 ln |ex + 2| + C. 4 followed by partial fractions

1 2

1 4

Substitute for ex

ln |e2x 4| + C. Substitute for e2x . 30. 2 7 2 5. Substitute for ex + 4. 31. 2 ln |x 3| ln |x + 1| + C. 32. x + 2 tan1 x + C. 1 + x22 . +1 33.
1 x3 3e

Partial fractions.

ln |x 1|

Realize that the fraction equals

sin(x2 ) + C.

Substitute for x2 . Integrate by parts

+ C.

Substitute for x3 . Write as

sin x cos x

14. x2 sin x + 2x cos x 2 sin x + C. twice. 15. 16. 17.

1 2

3 34. 2 ln | cos 2x| + C. tute for cos x.

and then substi-

ln |x 1| + 3 ln|5 + x| + C. Integrate by parts after 2 factorizing the denominator.

1 1 2 x + 4 sin(2x) 1 2 [1 + cos(2x)] 1 2 2x

35. etan x + C.

Substitute for tan x. Substitute for sin x. Let u = x + 1 and then inte-

+ C.

Use trig identity cos x = 37.

36. cos(22sin x) + C.
ln(1+x) (1+x)

1 sin(x2 ) + 2 cos(x2 ) + C. Substitute for x2 , and then use parts - or just use parts with u = x2 and dv = x cos(x2 ).

1 + (1+x) + C. grate by parts.

2 38. 1+x + C. the problem.

Factor the denominator and look at

39. 40.

1 2 3 4

x ln x+2 + C.

Partial Fractions.
1 2(x1)

ln |x 1| fractions.

1 4

63. x ln x x/2 + C tegrate by parts. Partial 64.

3 4

Remember ln(xa ) = a ln(x). InPartial Fractions. = ee ex . Substitute

x

ln |x + 1| + C.

ln |x 2| +
x

1 4

ln |x + 2| + C.
x

41. 3x sin x + 3 cos x + C. 42. + 2x) 2 + C. stitute for x2 + 2x.

1 2 3 (x
3

Integrate by parts. Write as (x + 1) x2 + 2x. Sub-

65. ee + C. u = ex .

Note that ee

+x

66. ln(1 + sin(x)). 67.

x2 2

Substitute u = 1 + sin(x).

43. 1 cos(1). 44.

x 2

Substitute for ln x.

sin(ln(x)) cos(ln(x)) +C. Integrate by parts twice, look to switch terms over.
1 3x x2 2

+ ln |x 1|. You can simplify the integrand to 1 x + x1 using long division followed by factoring. ln |x +a | . 2a2 Fractions.
ln |x| a2
2 2

68.

Long division followed by Partial Substitute u = x2 a2 Integrate by parts twice.

1

45. 46.

arctan(x/3) . 9

Partial Fractions.
x(x2 +1)x . x2 +1

69. (x2 a2 )0.5 + C. 70.

2 x2 (ln x)2 x 2 2 2

ln(x2 + 1) + C. Write fraction as Split the fraction and split the integral across the minus sign. Substitute for x2 on the right side. Another way would to be approach via long division.
1 2

1 2

ln x+ x +C. 4

1 71. 3 ln 2 2 . Substitute u = x 3 . Then u3 = x so 2 3u du = dx.

47. ln |x| 48.

1 3

ln |x2 + 1| + C.

Partial Fractions.

ln 1cos(x) + C. 4cos(x) fractions.

x

Substitute for cos x. Partial

72. tan xx+C. 1. 73.

Use Trig. Identity tan2 (u) = sec2 (u)

49. 2e

Substitute for

x.

the integrand can be written as ex turn equals e2x +1 . Now Substitute u = e . Look for the integral of ArcTan. Integrate by parts.
1 e

12 . Note that 1 which in ex + e1 x x

50. 2ex (x 1). dv = ex . 51.

1 2

Integrate by parts with u = 2x and Write the fraction as

2

1 74. 36 .

ln(x2 + 1) + tan1 (x). x 1 x2 +1 + x2 +1 .

2

75. 76.

1 e

1 Substitute u = x .

x2 + 3 + C.

Substitute u = x2 + 3.

52. e(x+1) . (x + 1)2 . 53.

2 x

Write as (2x + 2)e(x+1) . Substitute for

77. x2 /2 + C.

Realize eln x = x. Partial Fractions. Substitute u = sin x. Substitute

ln |x1|+ln |x|. Integrate by partial fractions. Remember that the x2 in the denominator adds both an x2 and an x factor to the partial fraction method. 54. 1 x2 . Substitute u = 1 x2 . 55. 1 cos(x2 1). 2
x2 2 x3 3 x4 4

78. 1/2 ln(x2 + 1) ln |x + 1| + C. 79. t ln t t + C, where t = sin x. Then integrate by parts.

80. 2(t arctan(t)) + C, where t = x. u = x so u2 = x and 2udu = dx. 81. (2/3)t3/2 + C, where t = ln x.

Substitute for x2 1.
x5 5 . 5 4

Substitute u = ln x.

56. x + + + + Factor x 1 = (x 1)(x + x3 + x2 + x + 1). Obtain this through long division. 57.
(x2 +1)5 5 +1) + 2(x 3 + x2 + 1. x 1x2
3 2 3

82. (x2 2x + 2)ex + C.

Integrate by parts twice. Integrate by

Substitute u = x2 + 1.

83. x ln(x2 + 1) 2x + 2 arctan(x) + C. parts. 84. t ln t t + C, where t = ln x. Then by parts.

58. 0.

Realize

is an odd function.

Substitute u = ln x.

59. 2e3 /9 + 1/9.

Integrate by parts Substitute u = cos(x). Substitute u = ln(x).

60. 1 cos(2x) + C. 4 61. ln ln ln x + C.

62. 1 cos 2x + 1 cos3 (2x) + C Substitute u = 2x. Re2 6 member sin2 (u) = 1 cos2 (u). 2