The Nazi Takeover

Candy Roller

English Comp 102 Mr. Neuburger 14 July 2011

Roller 2 In the 1930s Germany was under a lot of stress with the falling stock market, unemployment, and world hunger. Germany was falling in to a quick depression. The unemployment rate doubled in a few years. Then there was the rise of the Nazis and the takeover of Adolf Hitler. The Nazi Takeover According to Macrohistory.com, in the article Hitler Appointed Chancellor (HAC) in 1930 the parliamentary coalition that governed Germany fell apart, and new elections were held. The biggest winner in these elections was Adolf Hitlers National Socialist Party. Together the social Democrats and the Communist were large enough to takeover and make a government. The president of German republic, Hindenburg selected the Catholic Center Party to form a government instead. Hindenburg attempted to restore balanced budgets, high interest rates and remaining on the
Portrait of Adolf Hitler http://binged.it/nHwC9n

gold standard. The economy continued to get worse. HAC confirms this made Hitler look great with his love for Germany. People liked

the way he thought and stood for what he believed in. He wanted change, NO more Socialist or Communist. People want his radical change, his nationalist. Hitler was shooting for a big change. His party posters read, If you want your country to go Bolshevik, vote Communist. If you want to remain free Germans, vote for the national Socialist (HAC). Hitler was a dedicated German. He went directly to the people claiming no

more big business, for a positive Christianity (HAC). Hitler claimed he would fight for new land, help every class of people (but not the Jews), and help the unemployed and the labor

Roller 3 movement. People loved what they saw and heard. Germans wanted the radical change. He even preached his hatred for Jews. In the (HAC) article they state not one prominent industry in Germany had a Jew as an owner or director, but Hitler continued to hammer away at what he described as the Jewish aspect of capitalism, appealing to those who believed the myths about Jews and believed in the socialism of his National Socialist German Workers Party. Hitler lost the election, but the National Socialist became the biggest political party in Germany. Hitler still achieved his goal. Hitler was not elected chancellor but appointed into it. The conservatives believed they could control Hitler by limiting his powers. Anti-Semitism Holocaust scholar Helen Fein defines anti-Semitism in discoverthenetworks.org article Anti-Semitism as a persisting latent structure of hostile beliefs towards Jews as a collective manifested in individuals as attitudes, and in culture as myth, ideology, folklore and imagery, and in actions social or legal discrimination, political mobilization against the Jews, and collective or state violence which results in and/or

An Anti-Semitism picture of a drawing the hanging of Jews http://binged.it/nqOTo7

is designed to distance, displace, or destroy Jews as Jews.

Anti-Semitism dates back further than the fourteenth century. Jews were being blamed for everything that they could be blamed for. Furthering the Anti-Semitism article the death of Christ was blamed on the Jews. Say one Jew killed somebody or even a non-Jew the entire Jewish group was to blame. Even plagues were blamed on the Jews. The article claims Jews

Roller 4 were accused of being unloyal to their own nation and be more loyal to Israel. They were held responsible for the actions of the state of Israel. The Israel Jews had double standards requirements of behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic people. In additions to this it claims Israeli Jews as the overseers of an apartheid state (Anti-Semitism). Nuremberg Laws The Nuremberg Laws came into effect in September 15, 1935. In the Jewish Virtual Library the two laws, the article Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor (Law for Protection) and the Reich Citizenship Laws (RCL). The first law has seven sections. There were to be no marriages between races, or kindred blood of any kind. The public prosecutor would process annulments
The Nuremberg Laws on display (Project Paladin) http://binged.it/oyEM9w

for anyone who was already marriage. The marriages

were to be voided. It furthers into no sexual relations between races. Jews could not employ female citizens of German or kindred blood. Jews could not display the national flag or national colors, only Jewish colors. If Jews did not follow by these laws they would be punished by hard labor, imprisonment, or fines. A lot of the time it would be a combination of all of them (). The second laws stripped Jews of their citizenships, only a person who belonged to the protective union or who was obligated to the Reich was considered a German Citizen. Only the citizens of the Reich could have political rights. The Reich was the only way to be or get a citizenship (RCL). Kristallnacht

Roller 5 According to pbs.org an article on Kristallnacht explains that on November 7th, Hershel Grynszpan killed Ernst vom Rath the third secretary of Germen Embassy in Paris. The Germans used this as the reason to begin the Kristallnacht. Germans wanted the Jews to pay for the death of Rath. Germens destroyed
Kristallnacht http://binged.it/mReTaK

Jews homes and business. They arrested as many Jews as

they could to fill the jails (they wanted wealthy ones). Jews could not reopen their business unless opened by a non-Jews. They were banned from society. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels We shed not a tear for them [the Jews.]" He went on to comment on the destruction of synagogues saying, "They stood in the way long enough. We can use the space made free more usefully than as Jewish fortresses." (Kristallnacht). This was the beginning of moving the Jews to concentration camps, ghettos, and death camps. Kristallnacht was an eye opener to the world. President Roosevelt said, "The news of the past few days from Germany has deeply shocked public opinion in the United States... I myself could scarcely believe that such things could occur in a 20th century civilization." The president also instructed that the 12,000-15,000 refugees already in the U.S. on temporary visitor visas could remain in the country indefinitely (Kristallnacht).

Rounding up Jews to the ghettos

Roller 6 The Minsk Ghetto (TMG) was an area of thirty-four streets, alleys, and cemeteries. The holocaustresearchproject.org says barbed wire, watchtowers, and around the clock surveillance surrounded the ghetto. A 1.5 square meter was allowed per person (not including children). The places were
Picture of the barbed wire around the ghetto http://binged.it/oYuK2U

gutted houses with no floors or windows. There was also a strict curfew from 2200 to 0500 hours. Over

100,000 Jews were gathered to the ghetto. The Soviet Union killed 5,000 Jews in August 1941, the remaining Jews had to pay a ransom for their lives, and then report to roll call every Sunday. Jews were forced to wear yellow tags on their chest and backs and a white house number badge. Adolf Eichmann was in charge of the SS officers in charge of the department responsible for deportation and emigration. Eichmann heard about the Minsk Ghettos killings and head straight there. Eichmann states, There were the piles of dead people. They were shooting into the pit it was a rather large one, so I was told, perhaps four to five times the size of this room, perhaps even six or seven times. I didnt think much about it because I could hardly express any thoughts about it I only saw it and that was quite enough they were shooting into the pit and I saw a woman, her arms seemed to be at the back, and then my knees went weak and I went away. (TMG) People in this ghetto were destined for death, the men were registered to labour along with Soviet prisoners. On 21 July 1941, 45 Jews were roped together and ordered to be burned alive by 30 Russian prisoners. The Russians refused to carry out this orders so all 75 people were shot to death. Germans started coming up with a new ways to mass murder the Jews most popular were the gas chambers. On 7 November 1941 twelve thousand Jews were killed so Germans could start moving more Jews in from other locations. They would arrive by train when the

Roller 7 carriage doors were opened the beatings would start. Jews say it was told chaos, whether it was man, women, or child. On the 20 November 1941 another seven thousand were murder because they were making preparations for escaping. The gas chambers/gas vans were the way to kill more Jews at once. The Germans order the Jewish council to handover five thousand Jews for

deportation, the council suggest small children and elderly. The trains were waiting, the Germans went after the five thousand Jews. Reaching a childrens nursery the Germans gave the order to take the children to the Jewish council building. It was a trap the Germans had dug a pit. The Germans through the children into sand and watched them disappear. Germans threw hand fulls of sweets to the screaming children as they watched them sink in the sand. Over the next year they killed tens of thousands Jews. Only a few Jews that entered in to the Minsk Ghetto make it out alive in July 1944 when the ghetto was liberated (TMG). The Final Solution Wannsee Conference is where Germans came up with the final solution. It happened January 20, 1942. According to aish.com article The Final Solution (TFS) Nazis wanted to set a new course to completely eliminate the Jewish people. Wannsee is a small town outside Berlin. This document contained sixteen signatures from all upper
The people that signed the Final Solution http://binged.it/nu2dcL

ministries of the German establishment. Most of these people had PhDs or MDs. They were to be considered genius and brilliant intellects. One of the last things Hitler did, just before committing suicide, was to apologize to the German people for not finishing the job (TFS).

Roller 8 The Final Solution was a document drawn up to explain the murder of eleven million Jews explains aushwitz.dk article The Wannsee Conference (TWC). Germans wanted to do this through evacuation, deportation to the camps, liquidation, and ghettoization. The document's cool, factual tone and carefully tallied numbers are precisely what is meant by the phrase "the banality of evil." The Protocol of the Wannsee Conference is a horrifying document and ultimately six million Jews were to fall victim to the plans (TWC). This document tracked how many Jews were in each country, where they were to be deported too, and how to be killed. Even the Jews with mixed blood were involved in the document (TWC).

Selektion Selektion is defined by Shoah Resource Center as a term used by the Nazis to denote the sorting of deportees or prisoners into groups, those who were to do forced labor, or those who were to be killed. Buzzle.com claims in article Concentration Camps During the Holocaust (CCDH) that the Jews were stuffed in to trains for days with no food or water. If the Jewish people would not get off the train they would be forced of by gun or physical abuse. This generally did not leave many Jews to enter the camps. Families were separated, men were put to work, and women were to work or maintain the house. Children were sent to school most the time. Then they would see a doctor at the entrance of the camp that would decide if the Jew could handle the hard work labor or if they were to be sent to death. The doctors would point right or left to decide their fate. Then the survivors would get a tattoo to be recognized by because names no longer existed (CCDH).

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Methods of mass murder The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies (DCHGS) says in the Method of mass murder that there were many methods used. The main ones were mass shootings, gassing trucks, and extermination camps. The mass shooting was the first method used. Germans would shot any Jew they wanted at anytime or place. The way the Jews dig their own graves. a time. Then the second because Germans want to be Jews were forced into a seal back into the truck. Then the There were an estimated fifteen this would be a good way to
Jews being shot into the graves they had to dig. http://bit.ly/njL6AL

Germans did this was by making Then shooting them into it groups at method came along gassing trucks able to kill more people at a time. truck where the gas exhaust was led Jews would suffocate to death. gas trucks used. Germans thought keep the murderer from becoming

emotional hit by the killings. Germans wanted to make the killings even more effective to they start using extermination camps. They forced Jews into large gas chambers, and then would pump them full of Zyklon B or exhaust fumes. In five of the extermination camps the sole purpose was to kill Jews, gypsies and the undesirables. At least three million Jews were killed in these camps effectively, quickly and secretly as possible (DCHGS). Death Camps

Roller 10 There were several main death camps Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau, Chelmno, Sobibor, Belzek, and Majdanek according to article The Camps (TC) in frank.mstu.edu. Further in the article it claims there were hundreds of concentration camps that might have well been death camps it seems the same thinks happened at all of them. The death camps were large and had large gas chambers. These death camps could kill in masses the estimates are at Chelmno 320,000 Auschwitz 1,200,000 - Belzek 600,000 - Sobibor 250,000 - Treblinka 700,000 Majdanek 1,380,000 Stutthof 65,000. They had crematorium where they
The entrance of Auschwitz death camp http://binged.it/pZigqk

would burn all the bodies. Auschwitz actually had three camps in it. When you walked in the words Arbeit Macht Frei (work will make you free) were engraved but only for a false hope. There were 890,000 Jews gassed upon arrival, with no chance of living. The death camps were cruel you could die any day from starvation, being worked to death, exposure to the elements, epidemics, and disease, or simply being executed for alleged crimes (TC). Liberation The United States holocaust Memorial Museum claims in the article Liberation of Nazi Camps (LNC) that allied Europe to fight against the forces were the first to find a Germans were surprised so camps, the only thing left chambers. In 1944 to 1945 troops moved across Nazi Germany. Soviet major Nazi camp. they torched all the standing were the gas most camps were

Children being released after liberation http://bit.ly/aw0tDG

Roller 11 liberated and evacuated. Most of the allied troops found decaying bodies, a lot of belongs, and very few survivors. Most camps had to be burned down because of the disease. Most people found alive did not make it because of malnutrition. Liberators confronted unspeakable conditions in the Nazi camps, where piles of corpses lay unburied. Only after the liberation of these camps was the full scope of Nazi horrors exposed to the world. The small percentage of inmates who survived resembled skeletons because of the demands of forced labor and the lack of food, compounded by months and years of maltreatment. Many were so weak that they could hardly move. Disease remained an ever-present danger, and many of the camps had to be burned down to prevent the spread of epidemics. Survivors of the camps faced a long and difficult road to recovery (LNC). Aftermath of the Holocaust The Jews fear for there lives because of Anti-Semitism. According to the United Holocaust Memorial Museum in the article the aftermath of the Holocaust (Aftermath). They were traumatized by what they had been through. Tens of thousands of holocaust survivors migrated westward toward Europe territories liberated by the western allies. Allies had put together refuge camps, the United State, Great Britain, and France overseen these camps. Many countries pulled together to place the refugees. Many of the survivors migrated to Israel in May 1948. By 1953 170,000 Jewish displaced persons and refugees had immigrated to Israel. Many countries jumped in to help Canada, Austria, New Zealand, Western Europe, Mexico, South America, and South Africa. Lots of organizations were put together to try to help the Jews come together and get their lives back.
Camps survivors after liberation http://bit.ly/ieMCZn

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Works Cited "The Aftermath of the Holocaust." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 17 July 2011. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005129>. "The American Experience.America and the Holocaust.People & Events | "Kristallnacht" | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 17 July 2011. "The Camps." Middle Tennessee State University. Web. 17 July 2011. <http://frank.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holocamp.html>. Cowen, Tyler. "Anti-Semitism." Discover the Net Works. Web. 17 July 2011. Ellis, Rabbi Eliahu, and Rabbi Shmuel Silinsky. "Wannsee Conference: The Final Solution." Judaism - The Jewish Website. Web. 17 July 2011. "Hitler and Germany: 1927 to 1935." MacroHistory : World History. Web. 17 July 2011. Lalwani, Puja. "Concentration Camps During the Holocaust." Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. 27 Apr. 2010. Web. 17 July 2011. "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor." Jewish Virtual Library - Homepage. Web. 17 July 2011. "Liberation of Nazi Camps." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 17 July 2011. "Methods of Mass Murder." The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Web. 17 July 2011. "The Minsk Ghetto Http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org." Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Web. 17 July 2011. "Wannsee and The Final Solution." The Holocaust, Crimes, Heroes and Villains. Web. 17 July 2011. <http://auschwitz.dk/Wannsee.htm>.

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