LIGHTING DESIGN LIGHTING LEVEL CALCULATIONS

The Zonal Cavity approach to calculate average illumination levels is based on the concept of dividing any room into three cavities. (1) The space between the ceiling and the luminaires is the ceiling cavity. (2) The space between he luminaires and the work plane is the room cavity. (3) The space between the work plane and the floor is the floor cavity. Room Cavity = Volume bounded by walls, luminaire plane and work plane. hrc = height of room cavity. Cavity Ratio = Dimensions of Cavity Expressed as Mathematical Relationship; RCR = Room Cavity Ratio; CCR = Ceiling Cavity Ratio; FCR = Floor Cavity Ratio; Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) RCR = 5 hrc (L+W) LxW For Irregular Shaped Rooms RCR = Ceiling Cavity Ratio (CCR) CCR = 5 hcc (L+W) LxW For Square Rooms RCR = 10 hrc W 2.5 (Cavity Height x Cavity Perimeter) Area of Cavity Base

(L=W)

Room Surface Reflectances: pc = Ceiling pw = Walls pf = Floor Effective Cavity Reflectances: The combination of actual reflectances within a given cavity into one reflectance at the face of the cavity. pcc = Effective Ceiling Cavity Reflectance pfc = Effective Floor Cavity Reflectance

= RCR

hfc hrc

Floor Cavity Ratio (FCR)

5 hfc (L+W) hfc FCR = = RCR LxW hrc Coefficient of Utilization: (CU) Portion of lamp lumens which reach the work plane. Affected by fixture design, room pro- For square rooms or irregular rooms calculate RCR then use the ratio of the cavity heights portions, and room-surface reflectances. to determine CCR and FCR. Light Loss Factor: (LLF) The approximate average illumination level or number of luminaires may be calculated as Depreciation of initial lighting level due to Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) and accumulafollows: tion of dirt on the lamp and luminaire surface (Luminaire Dirt Depreciation LDD). 1. Determine Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) Affected by fixture design, lamp choice, number of burning hours and type of interior. 2. Determine Reflectances Ballast Factor: (BF) The commercial ballast performance relative to reference ballast. Other Factors: See IES Lighting Handbook for recurring and non-recurring factors that lead to still greater accuracy, including the determination of effective cavity reflectances. Typical approximate reflectances: Ceiling: Standard White Paint Rough White Pain Rough Light Paint 80% 50% 30% Walls: White Paint Rough Light Paint Floors: Dark Concrete Carpet Average 80% 30%

20% 15%

3. Find Coefficient of Utilization Knowing the ceiling. walls and floor reflectances and the room cavity ratio (calculated in step 1), the coefficient of utilization may be found from the manufacturers published data or typical data found in the current IES Handbook. See Table 1 below for example. For a room cavity ratio of1.0 and reflectances of 30 (ceiling), 30 (wall), and 20 (floor) the CU equals 0.63 for this luminaire. W = Room Width L = Room Length Ceiling Cavity = Volume bounded by walls, ceiling and luminaire plane. hcc = height of ceiling cavity. *For surface mounted or recessed fixtures hcc = 0. Floor Cavity = Volume bounded by walls. floor and work plane. hfc = height of floor cavity. 4. Compute Average Footcandle Level or Number of Luminaires using formulas A and/or B.

B.Maintained A.Number of (Maintained Illuminance (FC) Desired) x (Area in Square Feet) Illuminance (Number of Luminaires) x (Lamp Lumens Per Luminaire) x (CU) x (LLD) x BF) Luminaires = (Lamp Lumens/Luminaire) x (CU) x (LLD) x (BF) (Area in Square Feet) (FC) =

COEFFICIENTS OF UTILIZATION FOR 20 PERCENT EFFECTIVE FLOOR CAVITY REFLECTANCE Effective Ceiling Cavity Reflectance Wall Reflectance Room Cavity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 75 64 56 48 42 37 33 29 26 23 71 59 49 41 35 30 26 22 20 17 68 54 44 36 30 25 21 18 15 12 80 50 30 10 50 73 63 54 47 41 36 32 29 26 23 70 30 69 58 48 40 34 30 25 22 20 17 10 66 53 43 35 29 25 21 18 15 12 50 69 60 52 45 39 35 31 27 25 22 50 30 66 55 47 39 33 29 25 21 19 16 10 64 51 42 35 29 24 20 17 15 12 50 65 57 49 43 37 33 29 26 24 21 30 30 63 53 45 38 32 28 24 21 19 16 10 61 50 41 34 28 24 20 17 15 12 50 62 54 47 41 36 32 28 25 23 20 10 30 61 51 43 36 31 27 23 20 18 15 10 59 48 40 33 27 23 20 17 15 12 0 0 57 47 38 31 26 22 18 15 13 10

COEFFFICIENTS OF UTILIZATIONZONAL CAVITY

See manufacturers published data for actual coefficients of utilization.

T 12
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