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A study on the unsteady aerodynamics of projectiles in overtaking blast owelds

C.K.Muthukumaran Department of Aerospace engineering, Indian Institute of Space science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala-695547, E-mail:muthukumaran.10@iist.ac.in G.Rajesh Department of Aerospace engineering, Indian Institute of Space science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala-695547, E-mail:rajesh@iist.ac.in H.D.Kim School of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National university, 388, Songchun-dong, Andong, Korea, kimhd@andong.ac.kr A projectile that passes through a moving shock wave, experiences drastic changes in the aerodynamic forces as it moves from a high-pressure region to a low pressure region. These sudden changes in the forces are attributed to the wave structures produced by the projectile-ow eld interactions which are usually encountered in blast ow elds such as, the vicinity of the launch tube exit of a ballistic range facility, thrusters, retrorocket rings, silo injections, missile ring ballistics, etc. Of many aspects of the unsteady projectile aerodynamics, one of the most important phenomena is projectile overtaking the preceding blast wave. The overtaking process being purely time-dependant, it is not known exactly at what conditions the projectile overtakes the blast wave. Studies on this aspect of the unsteady projectile aerodynamics are highly lacking the real ow eld characteristics of the overtaking phenomenon. In real situations where the strength of the blast wave will be decreasing and neither the ow elds nor the projectile aerodynamic characteristics can be determined accurately (Rajesh et al. 2008). overall eect of overtaking on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics is hardly aected by the projectile congurations. However, it is noticed that the projectile conguration does aect the unsteady ow structures and hence the drag coecient for conical projectile shows considerable variation from that of the cylindrical projectile.

Figure 1. Left: Mach contours on conical projectile at initial blast wave Mach number 2.5. Right: Mach contours on cylindrical projectile at initial blast wave Mach number 2.5.

A computational study has been performed here using a moving grid method to analyse the eects of the projectile overtaking a moving shock wave on the unsteady projectile aerodynamic characteristics. Cylindrical and conical projectiles have been employed to study the overtaking eects. Fig. 1 shows Mach contours for both conical projectile and cylindrical projectile for initial blast wave Mach number of 2.5. In Fig. 2, the x-t diagrams for the conical and cylindrical projectile and the blast wave are shown for various initial blast wave Mach numbers. The analytical results based on one-dimensional analysis show that the projectile overtaking ow elds can be in a subsonic or supersonic ow regime based on the relative projectile Mach number. However, it is found in the present computations that the actual ow elds cannot be distinguished with relative projectile Mach number only, since the blast wave strength is diminishing with space and time. Figure 2. x-t diagram for various Mach numbers The aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile are hardly aected by the overtaking process for smaller blast wave Mach numbers as the blast wave will become weak by the time it is over- References taken by the projectile. The projectile drag co- Rajesh.G, Kim HD, Setoguchi.T (2008) Proecient is aected greatly by the unsteady ow jectile Aerodynamics Overtaking a Shock structures through which the projectile travels in wave.J.Spacecraft and Rockets, 45(6):1251the near-eld, than the overtaking process. The 1261.

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