SOLTEQ

Equipment for Engineering Education

FILM AND DROPWISE CONDENSATION UNIT

MODEL: HE 163

his Film and Dropwise Condensation Unit (Model: HE 163) has been specially developed for use in students teaching and demonstration purposes. It will enable students to visually observe the process of heat transfer during condensation, as well as gather experimental data for a better theoretical understanding. The unit is a self contained

bench top unit, with an integrated steam generator and air extraction system. The main components in the unit are the specially designed condensers for the observation of both filmwise and dropwise condensation.

DESCRIPTION Condensation of steam on the surface of a condenser causes heat to transfer from the steam into the cooling medium flowing through the condenser. This type of heat transfer may occur at very high fluxes depending on the conditions at the condenser surface. Steam may condense in two different manners--filmwise or dropwise. For the same operating conditions, dropwise condensation exhibits a much higher and efficient heat transfer compared to filmwise condensation. Although dropwise condensation is always desirable, it seldom occurs in practice for a continuous period of time.

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Equipment for Engineering Education & Research

Dropwise condensation If the heat transfer surfaces are treated to become nonwettable, the condensate that forms on the surface will be shaped like spherical beads. These beads adheres together to become larger as condensation proceeds. The bigger beads will then start to flow downwards due to their weight, thus collecting all other static beads along the way. As the beads increase in size, the velocity increases, finally leaving a trail of bare surface free from liquid film. This bare surface offers very little resistance to the transfer of heat. Therefore, very high heat fluxes are possible. The advantages of dropwise over filmwise condensation are apparent, resulting in a smaller heat transfer area, smaller temperature difference or larger heat transfer rate for a fixed set of conditions.

c)

Heating Element Coiled heater with thermal protection Power : 3 kW Control : Triac control between 0.4 to 3.0 kW

d)

Air Extraction System Air cooler, separator and water jet vacuum pump

e)

Instrumentations Temperature sensors at all important points. Pressure sensor to measure the chamber pressure. Flow meters to measure the water flow rate through the condensers: Dropwise condenser : 0.4 to 4.0 LPM Filmwise condenser : 0.1 to 1.0 LPM Safety Features Pressure switch to turn off the heater when chamber pressure exceeds 1.20 abs bar, pressure relief valve to discharge at 1.50 abs bar.

f) EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES

Visual observation of filmwise and dropwise condensation, as well as nucleate boiling. Determination of heat flux and heat transfer coefficients in both filmwise and dropwise condensation at different operating pressures. Investigation on the relationship between saturation pressure and temperature for water up to 100C. Study on the effect of presence of air in the condensers. Demonstration of Daltons Law.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS a) Steam Chamber Type : Borosilicate glass cylinder with flanged ends and covers Outer Diameter : 105 mm Height : 400 mm Thickness : 5 mm

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Filmwise Condensation Most heat transfer surfaces on a heat exchanger are made of wettable materials. During condensation, a film of condensate spreads over these surfaces. As more vapor condenses on the outside of the film, its thickness increases and the film will start flowing downwards due to its weight. Heat transfer occurs through this film of condensate to the surface material beneath, then to the cooling medium. The liquid film is generally a poor conductor of heat, contributing much to the thermal resistance and inefficiency of this mode of condensation.

b)

Condenser Type : Two water-cooled condenser fabricated from copper and brass Diameter : 12.7 mm Length : 120 mm Material : Gold plated (dropwise condenser) Natural finish (filmwise condenser) Fitted with 3 thermocouples to measure the mean metal temperature and 2 thermocouples to measure the inlet and outlet water temperatures.

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OPTIONAL ITEMS

Equipment for Engineering Education & Research

i) ii) iii) iv) v)

2 units of electronic flowmeter 1 unit of pressure transmitter 7 units of temperature sensor 1 unit of power transducer 7 units of digital display

-DAS SOLDAS DATAACQUISITION SYSTEM i) ii) iii) iv) A PC with latest Pentium Processor An electronic signal conditioning system Stand alone data acquisition modules Windows based software Data Logging

Signal Analysis Process Control Real-Time Display Tabulated Results Graph of Experimental Results
- CAL SOLCAL COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING SOFTWARE i) ii) iii) iv) Interactive multimedia features Graphical simulation Experiment results samples Full experiment manuals

REQUIREMENTS Electricity Water : 240 VAC / 1-Phase / 50Hz : Continuous water supply (Min. 10 LPM @ 2 to 3 bar)

OVERALL DIMENSION Height : 0.71 m Width : 0.71 m Depth : 0.24 m MANUAL The unit is supplied with Operating and Experiment manuals in English giving full descriptions of the unit, summary of theory, experimental procedures and typical experimental results.

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- EI DIGITALINSTRUMENTATION

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SOFTWARE & E-LEARNING

Equipment for Engineering Education & Research

Our range of teaching equipment can be complemented with our SOLDAS and SOLCAL software.

SOLDAS - Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition - Data Logging - Signal Analysis - Process Control - Real-Time Display - Tabulated Results - Graph of Experiment Results

SOLCAL - Computer Aided Learning - Multimedia Features - Interactive - Graphic Simulation - Samples of Experiment Result - Full Experiment Manuals

Contact us for a catalog CD SOLUTION ENGINEERING SDN. BHD.

(Co. No. 174876-M) Sales Office : No.3, Jalan TPK 2/4, Taman Perindustrian Kinrara, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel. No. : +(603) 80758000 Fax. No. : +(603) 80755784 R&D Office : G-2A, Incubator 3, Technology Park Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel. No. : +(603) 8996 0023 Email : solution@solution.com.my Web site : http//www.solution.com.my/ MSC- Status
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Rev1.0 16/06/2011