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Two common problems with verb tenses O Choosing an incorrect verb tense. E aware of the sequences of verbs within a paragraph and within "the big picture" Keep points 1-3 in mind while doing this activity.
Two common problems with verb tenses O Choosing an incorrect verb tense. E aware of the sequences of verbs within a paragraph and within "the big picture" Keep points 1-3 in mind while doing this activity.
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Two common problems with verb tenses O Choosing an incorrect verb tense. E aware of the sequences of verbs within a paragraph and within "the big picture" Keep points 1-3 in mind while doing this activity.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formati disponibili
Scarica in formato DOCX, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
Two common problems with verb tenses O Choosing an incorrect verb tense O $hifting verb tenses inappropriatelv ays to solve the problems 1. earn the uses of verb tenses . |Click verb tense charts Ior a review| 2. e aware of the sequences of verbs within a paragraph and within "the big picture." |Click Test your understanding oI verb-tense sequencing to test your awareness| 3. ote that shifts are often signaled bv a time expression. |Click relationships between time expressions and verb tenses Ior a review| 4. xamine verb tenses in scientific and technical articles and text books. |Keep points 1-3 in mind while doing this activity.|
Verb Tense Charts: An overview of English verb tenses follows: This diagram is used in the tense descriptions below: now past ----------------------------'---------------------------~ Iuture
The Non-continuous Tenses TENSE EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS SIMPLE PRESENT --X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X-- X a point in time, a regular or habitual activity, a) The cell cycle repeats itselI. b) Water covers three-Iourths oI the earth's surIace. The simple present expresses events that occur regularlv, like habits. They exist now, have existed in the past, and probably will exist in the Iuture. SIMPLE PAST -------X-----------------'------------- X a point in time in the past c) T cells plaved a role in immunity in our tests. d) Charles Darwin was the Iirst person to pay attention to the origin and evolution oI communication signals. The event happened at one particular point in time in the past. It began and ended in the past. SIMPLE FUTURE -------------'---------------------X---- X a point in time in the Iuture e) Cell division will repeat itselI as long as cells live. This event will happen at one particular point in time in the future.
The Continuous Tenses: be + ing (present participle) &sage: The continuous tenses express the duration oI an event or activity at a particular time. It means that the action starts before. continues during. and after another time or action. TENSE EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS PRESENT CONTINUOUS -----X1----------X2------------~X3------- X1 8:00 X2 8:15 X3 later on a) The cell is dividing right now. The event began at 8 a.m. (X1) It is now 8:15 a.m.(X2) and the cell is still dividing. It's division began in the past. is in progress at the present time. and probablv will continue (X3). PAST CONTINUOUS ----X1-----X2-----~X3------'-------------- X1 9:00 yesterday X2 9:15 yesterday X3 later on yesterday b) The cell was dividing when I looked in the microscope. It began to divide at 9:00 a.m. (X1) I looked at 9:10 a..m. (X2) and it was still in the process oI dividing. Its division began before I looked and probablv still continued after I looked (X3). FUTURE CONTINUOUS ---------------'------X1-----X2------~X3 X1 9:00 tomorrow morning X2 10:00 tomorrow morning X3 later on tomorrow morning c) The cell will be dividing when I start the experiment. It will start to divide at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow morning (X1). I will arrive at 10:00 a.m. (X2) The action oI dividing will begin beIore I arrive and it will be in progress when I arrive and will probablv continue after that (X3). Note: The continuous tenses are also called the progressive tenses: present progressive. past progressive, and future progressive.
The Perfect Tenses: ave + past participle &sage: The perIect tenses are used to show that one event happens before another time or event. TENSE EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS PRESENT PERFECT ----Iinish---------'--------------- (time?) a) The cell as already finised the process oI dividing. The cell finished dividing sometime before now. We don't know exactly when. PAST PERFECT ----X----Y-----'------------- X died Y looked b) The cell ad already died beIore I had a chance to look at it. The cell died. Later I looked at it. oth activities in the past but at different times - one activitv happens before the other. FUTURE PERFECT -------------'-----X------Y------- X divide Y Iinish test c) The cell will already ave divided beIore I Iinish my test. The cell will divide. Later I will Iinish my test. The division oI the cell will be finished before I finish mv test. (oth activities in the future but at different times).
The Perfect Continuous Tenses: ave + been + ing (present participle) &sage: The perIect continuous tenses show that one event is happening. immediatelv before. up to. until another time or event. The continuous tense is used to express the duration oI an event. TENSE EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS X---2 months---~'----------- a) The cell as been dividing Ior two months. The event started in the past and is still in progress. How long? For two months. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS X----2 months----~X--------'------------ b) The cell ad been dividing Ior two months beIore it Iinally split. The cell began to divide at some point in the past and continued to divide up to the point oI the next event: the split. The division lasted how long? Two months. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS --------------'------X--2 hrs---~X----- c) The cell will ave been dividing Ior two hours by the time you arrive. We will meet at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow. BeIore we meet, the cell will begin to divide and will probably continue to divide even aIter you arrive. ne event happens before another event in the future. How long? For two hours.
Test Your &nderstanding of Verb-tense Sequencing Test Yourself on Verb-tense Sequencing First. find the shifts in verb tense in the following paragraph Then determine whether or not the shift is appropriate Energy oIIicials claim that energy produced by wind power in the year 2020 will be only a small percent. However, these oIIicials were incorrect. Attitudes changed since energy companies in provinces are interested in wind energy. Pure, clean electricity stirred an interest in many Finnish companies. These companies have started to build wind power plants. Click here to compare your answer
Relationships between Time Expressions and Verb Tenses ADVERB EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS after a) fter the cell splits, the cycle will repeat itselI. b) fter the cell (had) split, the cycle repeated itselI. Present tense, not Iuture tense, is used in an adverb clause oI time. Notice examples (b) and (d). before c) The cell will split before the cvcle is complete. d) The cell (had) split before the cvcle was complete. when e) en I looked in the microscope, the cell was splitting. I) en I looked, the cell had already split. g) en it began to split, I watched intensely. h) en I was in the lab. I broke a test tube. i) en I see the results tomorrow, I will know the answer. wen at that time (Notice the diIIerent time relationships expressed by the tenses.) while as i) ile the cell was stretching, it began to split. k) s the cell was stretching, it began to split. wile, as during that time bv the time l) Bv te time the cell divided. we had already leIt. m) Bv te time the cell divides, we will already have leIt. bv te time one event is completed before another event (Notice the use oI the past perIect and Iuture perIect in the main clause.) since n) I haven't seen it since I left this morning. since from that time to the present (Notice: The present perIect tense is used in the main clause.) until till o) We stayed there :ntil we finished our work. p) We stayed there till we finished our work. :ntil, till to that time and then no longer (%ill is used primarily in speaking rather than writing.) as soon as once q) s soon as the cell stops dividing, we will leave. r) nce the cell stops dividing, we will leave. as soon as, once when one event happens. another event happens soon afterwards as long as s) I will never take chemistry again as long as I live. as long as, so long as during all that time. from beginning to end so long as t) I will never take chemistry again so long as I live. whenever everv time u) enever I see mv phvsics teacher, I say hello. v) verv time I see mv phvsics teacher, I say hello. wenever everv time