APPLIED FUNCTION ANALYSIS

Assignment Problems 5 Date: 9th Mar 2011

(Orthonormal Bases) Submission Date: 19
th
Mar 2011
1. Which of the following subsets of
3
is linearly independent?
a. {(,,9), (,,9), (-,, -9)]
b. {(,,9), (,,9), (,,8)]

2. Let p
k
() =
kx
. Is {p
1
, p
2
, , p
n
] linearly independent in I
2
(,n)?

3. Let X be the set of solutions to the ordinary differential equation
ii
-
i
+ = , e
2
(,).
Show that X is a vector space. Find dim X and a basis for X.
4. Let and be proper subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space X such that X = @. Show
that uim(@) = uim +uim.
5. Apply Gram-Schmidt procedure to the vectors {(,,), (,, -), (,,)] to obtain an orthonormal
basis for
3
.
6. Let be the four dimensional subspace of I
2
(-,) spanned by {, ,
2
,
3
]. Use the Gram-
Schmidt procedure to construct an orthonormal basis for .
7. Identify whether the set {
1
,
2
] = {
x
,
-3x
] is linearly independent in I
2
(,).
8. Show that any norm
1
on a finite dimensional space X is equivalent to any other norm
2
on X.
9. Let X and be the spaces of polynomials of degree 3 and 1, respectively, and let { +,
( +), +
3
] and {, ] be bases for X and respectively. Let : X - be the linear operator
defined by p =
d
2
p
dx
2
. Find the matrix corresponding to .
10. Let be an n matrix with transpose
t
and consider the equation o = b, where o e
m
and
b e
n
. Suppose that we wish to solve for o. Show that a necessary condition for such a solution to
exist is (c, b) = for all c e (
t
); that is, b e (
t
)
J
. This shows that () c (
t
)
J
. Show that
() = (
t
)
J
. Determine (
t
) for the matrix
= |
-


|
and hence find the general form of vector b such that o = b.
11. Find a basis for the null space of the functional I:
3
- , (I, ) = o
1

1
+o
2

2
+o
3

3
when
o
1
= .
12. Let X =
3
with the norm
1
. If a functional I is defined by I:
3
- , (I, ) = o
1

1
+o
2

2
+
o
3

3
, find I.
13. The set
1
V2n
, cos , sin , = ,, is an orthonormal basis for I
2
(-n, n). Find the Fourier
coefficients

if
() =
-, -n < <
, < < n


14. Determine the first three terms of the expansion =
k

k=0
on|-,] when
k
are the
normalized Legendre polynomials and
() =
-, - < <
, < <


15. If m is an orthonormal set in an inner product space X, derive the Bessel inequality and Parseval
formula.
16. Let {
1
,
2
, ,
n
] be an orthonormal set in a Hilbert space E, and let = span{
1
, ,
n
]. Show
that the orthogonal projection of E onto is given by
= `(,
k
)
k
n
k=1

17. Let be the subspace of I
2
(-,) spanned by the first four orthonormal Legendre polynomials

n
= (n +
1
2
)
12

n
(), n = ,,,. Write out
n
explicitly, find the orthogonal projection of
() =
4
onto , and verify the inequality - < -, e , for any suitable choice of
.
18. Determine the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the problem

ii
+z =
() = ,
i
() +[() =
where [ > .
19. Consider the Sturm-Liouville operator I defined by
I =

|-(p
i
)
i
+o]
on an interval |-, ] of the real line where
p() > , p(-) = p()
o() ~
() >
with the boundary conditions
(-) = ()

i
(-) =
i
()
Show that I is symmetric and positive.
20. Determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the periodic Sturm-Liouville problem

ii
+z = , (- < < )
(-) = ()

i
(-) =
i
()

21. Consider the Sturm-Liouville operator I defined by
I =

|-(p
i
)
i
+o]
on the real line (-, ) where
p() > , p() - as -
o() ~
() >
Show that I is symmetric and positive.

22. The Sturm-Liouville problem associated with Legendre equation
-|( -
2
)
i
]
i
= z, (- < < )
(-) = finite, () = finite
is singular. Show the Sturm-Liouville operator associated with the Legendre equation is symmetric
and positive.
23. Give the eigenfunction expansion of () = E() on |-,] using the Legendre polynomials. Give
the first 5 terms.
24. Expand
() =
, - < <
, < <


in terms of Legendre polynomials.