Enterobacteriaceae

Salmonella Morphology : gram -ve Bacilli : non sporing Culture : grow easily on ordinary media Biochemical : all ferment glucose w/wout gas : oxidase -ve : catalase +ve : reduce nitrate nitrite Antigenic characters Motile w peritrichate flagella Ae + fac anae, MC and DCA pale NLF colonies circular,grayish

Shigella Non motile Non flagellate Ae + fac anae, MC pale n yellowish(NLF) DCA excellent selective plating medium, isolation from faeces NLF Anaerogenic Urease -ve

Escherichia coli

MC-rose pink(LF)

NLF Indole ve Urease ve ferments glucose maltose mannite S thyphi : prod of acid S parathypi : acid n gas 1) 0/somatic ag part of bacterial cell wall.predominant IgM 2) H/Flagellar ag: phase 1(specific) + phase 2(non specific)[ org tend to mutate from ane phase to another-phase variation] Ab: IgM 3)Vi-mask agglutination w O antisera virulent than that of absent of this via the oral route may produce A)enteric fever B)Bacteraemia with focal lesions in lung,bone &

LF Eijikman test: lactose incubated at 44C- acid n gas i + m + v c -

Klebsiella All freshly isolated strains produce a well defined polysaccharide capsule MC- pink(LF) 37C Large raised,moist and mucoid degree depends on amount of loose slime produced LF Weak urease producers i m v + c +

Proteus Highly motile [swarming] Non capsulated

Fishy odour & swarming] when grown on noninhibitory solid media.

Hydrolyse urea rapidly (2-4 hrs) Deaminate phenyl alanine to phenyl pyruvic acid by prod of phenyl alanine deaminase

Differentiated by somatic (O) ag 1) gp A (Sh dysenteriae) 10 s 2) gp B (Sh flexneri) 6 s n 2 variants 3) gp C (Sh boydii) 15 4) gp D (Sh sonnei) homogenous,smoo th n rough variants 1 Limited to GIT,blood invasion quite rare Highly communicable invasion of O/ somatic K /capsular H/ flagellar Thr capsular ag [best by demos of capsule swelling in wet films with capsular antiserum] Pr vulgularis & Pr mirabilis by O ag & further subdivided acc to differnt H ag.

Pathogenesis

Oppurtunistic infection in other parts of body where there is abnormality of defences

K pneumonia-RT n faeces 5%NORMAL UTI & HAI K ozaenae-foetid progressive atrophy of MM

Infections in human only when bacteria leaves intestinal tract 1.pr vulgaris-nasocomial pathogen 2.bactrmia,pneumonia,me

*swarming [thin colourless, transparent film extending from the margins of a young colony n spreading in several waves demarcated by a raised margin until most of the culture plate is covered] it may cause a difficulty in the isolation of other organisms in case of clinical specimen culture of mixed infection. so the specimen in this case should be cultured on a medium that inhibits swarming such as: blood containing 2/3 times the usual conc of agar ie 5-6%agar electrolyte deficient media like CLED medium (cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient medium) media that contain bile salt (MC & DCA) ---PALE NLF Media containing certain inhibitory chemicals : phenyl ethyl alcohol & P-nitrophenyl glycerol

Haemophilus Small G ve rods coccobacilli Pleomorphism Capsule in recently isolated

Bordotella pertussis Small G ve rods coccobacilli Capsulated,non motile xreq X & V factors

Brucella Small Gram ve Bacilli Round/oval coccobacilli Non motile

Yersinia pestis Small, pleomorphic G ve plump shaped coccobacilli All non motile except Y Ptb & enterocolitica Some capsulated(when grow at 37C/present in tissues) Stained w weak stain(met bluse/Wysons method)> bipolar staining appear Non sporing May produce acid in CHO, Catalase +ve, Oxidase_ve Aerobes & facultative anaerobes.27C.small transparent, white circular disc later grow to a varying degree giving impression of mixed growth Grow in bile presence (MC) Rapid growth in media containing blood/tissue fluids

Francisella Febrile zoonotic disease chiefly affecting animaks Found mainly in Northern Hemisphere.

Aerobes & facilitative anaerobes 37C.x grow on ordinary media. need X( heat stable) and V (heat labile) factor. isovitalex stapylococc us aureus (sattelism)> >>>

Aerobe.primary isolation by enriched media BordetGengou(Potato extract-glycerin blood agar) Can be grown on charcoal yeast agar+cephalexin

Strict aerobe but B abortus needs 5-10% CO2 38C Grow on liver extract agar,serum agar n blood agar. Small convex,smooth colonies after 2-5 days

Glucose N other CHO are fermented but poorly and irregularly Non capsulated antigenically heterogenous Capsulated 6 sero (a-b-c-de-f) O ag-OMP Lipooligosaccharide-

Forms acid but no gas from glucose n lactose Haemolytic n produce pertussis toxin Heat labile capsular ag used for serotyping One serum will agglutinate all strains

Relatively inactive biochemically neither acid nor gas produced in the sugars. LPS endotoxin Virulence factors: a.envelope ag b.V-W ag c.72-kilobase plasmids(no in

endotoxin Cap swelling reaction,i/fluorescecce,coag with staph/agg of latex particles Capsular ag-antiphagocytic Type b-(polyribose-ribitolphosphate) Produces no exotoxins Acute bacterial meningitis aged 3 months Acute epiglottis (mainly child, some adults) Cellulitis below 2 yrs (type b) Bacteraemia w/out local disease in children suffering from s/cell/an & adults w neoplastic disease/under chemotherapy Pyoarthritis,pericarditis,pne umonia Otitis media Acute sinusitis Acute conjuncitivitis Specimen (N/P swabs,pus,blood,csf) Smear Culture (choc agar+isovitalex)

AVIRULENT) d.coagulase(act at 28C not 35C) e.bacteriocin f.lethal exotoxin in mice

Whooping cough Infectivity is high transmitted by droplets infection >>catarrhal stage (mild coughing n sneezing,large no of bacteria expelled in drops) >>paroxysomal stage (cough explosive, vomiting,cyanosis,con vultions)

Pass thr lymphatics, reach blood n localize in RES where they are able to grow intracellularly n produce granulamatous nodules which may be later form abcess in liver,spleen n bm >acute bacrimic phase>>chronic phase that may last years Malaise,weakness,ache s,profuse sweating+constipation Chronic: weakness,pain,low fever,nervousness >Blood culture.A blood broth tube incubated: 1.aerobically 2.in air + 10% CO2 3.anaerobically >Tube agg test (widal test) Prozone phenomenon >Complement fixation test >2mercaptoethanol Test >Brucellin test

Plaque in mans n rodents Parasite of rats n rodents Transmitted among rats by fleas In rat:large no in periph blood,as flea takes blood,the org caught in blood clots. Org multiply n form a mass in proventriculum + stomach + blocking it. 1]Bubonic plaque 2]pneumonic plaque 3]spticaemic plaque 1]Bubonic plaque> microscopical exams,cultures,animal inoculation 2]pneumonic plaque> microscopical exams,cultures,animal inoculation 3]spticaemic plaque>blood culture

Tularaemia transmitted to man by arthropod bite,direct contact w infected animals/ingest o contaminated food/water. Manifest by fever,ulcerating papule,enlarged + painful regionalnlyph glands which drains Perib bronchial inflammation/pneum onia.

>pernasal swab/nasal saline wash >N/P swab >cough plate : On BG plate : slide agg >PCR

Cefotaxime iv

In vitro to many antibiotics Catarrhal stge,erythromycin prophlactically Paroxysms,antibiotics x change the course

Treatment >simultaneous ads strep+tetracycline >oral doxycline + rifampin for 6 weeks

>>Vaccination: Haffkines vaccine Made from capsulated strain,killed by formaldehyde Living vaccines from attenuated/avirulent strains >>Chemoprophylaxis: tetracycline >>treatment: streptomycin&tetracycli ne