A Case Study

Pilot Program on Community Based Solid Waste Management

In Pangkah Kulon, Ujung Pangkah Indonesia

By Angela Ika HESS (Indonesia-Pangkah) Ltd. 2008

Community Development

Table of Contents Case Study Pilot Program on Community Based Solid Waste Management In Pangkah Kulon village, Ujung Pangkah, Gresik East Java, Indonesia Background Goal Objectives: Sustainability Strategy Gender perspectives Waste management organization by using existing women and youth groups Social marketing by the community Encourage women as Resources person Outputs; Community Planning Field Visit Study Community Training Waste management by using PKK and Karang Taruna Gender Perspective Research & Development Technical Assistance for composting and probiotic bacteria utilization Women as decision maker for composting system Activities to be undertaken: Comparative Study Dissemination Replication Impact Problems Conclusions

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List of Abbreviations
RT RW PKK organization CSR HIPL CD CBSWM 3R : Rukun Tetangga, administrative smallest cluster in Indonesia : Rukun Warga, bigger administrative cluster, contains of some RTs. : Perkumpulan Kesejahteraan Kelurga, village women (who had married) : Corporate Social Responsibility : HESS (Indonesia-Pangkah) Ltd. : Community Development : Community Based Solid Waste Management : Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

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Case Study Pilot Program on Community Based Solid Waste Management In Pangkah Kulon village, Ujung Pangkah, Gresik East Java, Indonesia

Background
Pangkah Kulon is one village in Ujung Pangkah sub district in North Coast of East Java, It is located in the down stream of Bengawan Solo river, the longest river in Java Island. The village is about 40 km or 1 hours from the capital city of Gresik District, then continue with village access about 0,5 hours from main road. Ujung Pangkah community live in a coastal area, most of their occupations are traditional fishermen and coastal fish pond owners. Each of village is leaded by village leader. A village contains of some sub-villages, and a sub village contains of some RWs (Rukun Warga). An RW contains of some RTs (Rukun Tetangga), a smallest cluster in a community group. There are some basic to high schools. Some of youth can get higher education to university. Most of young generation can not continue their higher education because of economic reason or lack of information access about education. All of community religious is Moslem. Due to difficult transportation access to this place, the community face difficulty in getting information access and public service from local government such as solid waste and water supply services. Community use scavengers services to take their domestic waste, but the scavengers disposed the domestic waste to final disposal site near communitys fish ponds and settlement in the village. The final disposal site is an unoccupied area near their houses. Someone provides a small area near communitys fish ponds and some communitys houses for final disposal, which already full with un-degradable solid waste. These create several issues in community, such as un-healthy environment. Waste water contaminates ground water because of un-organic/ toxic waste, odor, flies from settlement disposal. Moreover, there are other social problem regarding the situation such as; conflict on land which occupied as the disposal site, and economic losses from potential recycled and reused materials. Worse situation occurred due community belief and traditional culture in Ujung Pangkah. Community believe that women have full of responsible for take care all of domestic jobs such as; take care of children, prepare food and clean up their house. So that, women are persons who directly faced domestic waste problems. Pangkah Kulon, a village in Ujung Pangkah, as one of target community of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSRs) of HESS (Indonesia-Pangkah) Limited, is one of the villages that experiencing this solid waste issues. However, the movement to have better system in managing solid waste issues, starting to occur among the community, which was identified during the Community Planning which was facilitated by HESS Community Development team. Therefore, Pangkah Kulons community would like to be a pilot program area for a solid waste management program. They would like to build their capacity in understanding and managing the solid waste management problem so it can be a good practice for other villages, and can be replicate for others villages, especially for villages where have the same problem. They need innovative approach for waste management.

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Based on these initiatives since September 2007 HESSs CD team facilitated a pilot program solid waste management in Pangkah Kulon village.

Goal
Goal of this program is by providing healthy environment, by giving awareness and by building capacity on solid waste management.

Objectives:
To build community awareness to manage domestic waste in every household for clean and healthy environment. To give a new horizon of gender perspective that men and women have the same rights to manage domestic waste in their households. To build the community capacity by field visit, information sharing, training, information access and technical assistance how to manage solid waste/. To implement community based solid waste management by promoting appropriate technology for sorting and composting, promote natural resources & reducing waste. To involve private sector by Corporate Social Responsibilities activities on improving better access for solid waste management and protecting ground water resource from contamination.

Sustainability Strategy
Gender perspectives is one of strategy in planning, implementation and evaluation for improving waste management practicing. We used administrative approach for doing community planning, where planning developed by community in every sub-village meeting. The representatives of men and women in every RW (Rukun Warga), the smallest cluster in Indonesia, involve in the planning meeting. Result of sub-village meeting will be discussed in village meeting, which was attended by RTs (Rukun Tetangga), RWs, and sub villages (Dusun) representatives. Usually, women in Ujung Pangkah are not feeling comfort and shy to give their ideas or initiatives in a discussion with many men attend to the discussion. It is because men are dominating the discussion. It is also difficult for gathering men and women in a group discussion, due to the fact that men usually are able to come for discussion in the evening while women are available in the afternoon. So, the discussion on waste management is divided into 3 sessions in sub-village discussion level; women groups, men groups, and in village level plenary meeting. On plenary, men and women send their representatives. On a plenary village meeting, the result of discussion based on women and men initiatives. After some process of waste management discussion, men in Pangkah Kulon give more portion for women as decision maker, especially on how women feeling comfort for doing household sorting and composting. Until now, discussion for waste management has been divided into 2 sessions, for men and women depends on their time availability.

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Waste management by affiliation of existing women and youth groups as implementers and decision maker is a strategy to sustain this activity. Even though the first initiators of waste management come from men groups, involving women and youth groups are very important. There are existing women groups (PKK) and youth groups (Karang Taruna). Before they have waste management activities, they have regular social gathering, called Arisan, whose members contribute to and take turns at winning an aggregate sum of money. The winner of the arisan takes by lottery process. Usually, they use arisan for saving their money, because there are far away from Bank. The women groups also do some regular activity for children health in Posyandu, by assisting midwives. Since they are interested on waste management, this activity become a complimentary to their exiting organization activity. They have additional topic for discussing in their arisan, such as how to improve their waste management. They are using an existing PKK (Program Kesejahteraan Keluarga) and Karang Tarunas management for the new activity, that is waste management. It is interesting for them because it solve their waste problem. They could save cost of trash handling up to 50% due to they process their organic waste in their composter. Besides saving cost for waste picker, they realized this activity can make their village cleaner.

Social marketing by the community To scale up the coverage of waste management in the village or more to others village, supporting of social marketing by the community is one of strategy. Community especially women use to socialize and give provocation to others community. Arisan, village plenary meeting are forums for PKK and Karang Taruna give information and progress for their waste management. They also have informal discussion such as women chatting when they meet each other. Community from other villages who did not get the program, will eager to know the good practice and visit to Pangkah Kulon to learn and follow this practicing. Also for community in Pangkah Kulon who have not involved yet, they would be embarrassed, if they are not sorting and composting in their households. So they will be involved to this activity.

Encourage women as Resources person To encourage the community as Resource Person is a strategy, as a pride campaign. Community, especially women, will very proud of themselves to share of their successful experience in managing their waste and in keeping their environment clean and beautiful. Women are very proud of themselves because they use a new technology, a composted, community depends on them to know how the composted works, and this activity such a new opportunity for women to be famous, as resources person or a pilot. They feel proud because community learns from them. So that they will maintain this condition, and to keep sustaining good behavior.

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Outputs;
Community Planning However, the movement to have better system in managing solid waste issues, start to occur among the community, which was identified during the Community Planning which was facilitated by HESS Community Development (CD) team. The initiator of solid waste management came from some men. Due to the final disposal was almost full then the village government had allocate budget to get new a unoccupied area. While some community have seen the good practice on waste management in somewhere from the television. Some men interested to learn about the technical process for solving waste problem. And women interested to do household composting for home gardening. Ujung Pangkah placed in a coastal area, they are very difficult and expensive for them to get vegetables. Many children get problem with health, hyper protein, because they easy to get seafood. Based on the problems and their initiatives they would like to have the opportunity to do vegetables home gardening and tree planting for shading their village by composting activity. Following up the discussion, HESS invited about 30 women and 10 men to go field visit study to existing Community Based Solid Waste Management (CBSWM) in Surabaya. The amount of the participants by the representatives of 5 RW, 8 persons from each RW. Community decided persons who involved in the visitation. The planned that women will do more on this activity. The management would become the responsibility of PKK and Karang Taruna. So the field visit participants were village leader, RW leader, waste picker, PKK and KArang Taruna members.

Field Visit Study Having field visit study to 3 locations existing CBSWM, Pangkah Kulon community learnt how to do waste management. They learnt how to sorting their domestic waste; organic and an-organic. To recycle organic waste for composting and greening activities and reuse an-organic waste. For composting process they learnt 2 systems of aerob composting; Takakura system a household composting by a basket, and second: composting in a plastic drum, which is more expensive and bigger volume. In the beginning, they decide to try both of the systems. Due to the second system more expensive and bigger volume, they use 1 drum plastic composted for 3-4 households. Takakura system is cheaper, easy to use, but small volume. They learnt how their domestic waste is very useful and have value.

Field visit to composting communal and women activity for recycling anorganic waste, in Surabaya

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Community Training Following up field visit study, HESS facilitated community training how to manage domestic waste by local material. The trainers are the community from existing CBSWM locations. This community training focused on composting process and some technology options for composting system. They tried some composting system that easy to developed by themselves, using local materials and easy to operate and monitor the process. In the beginning they tried 2 systems of aerob compost as they have seen before on their field visit: Takakura system and plastic drum composted. Takakura system as a household composted, using a full of holes plastic basket, under laying with cardboard box and 1/3 of the volume fill with compost. Volume of Takakura system smallest than plastic drum composted. This system placed on their house. Women decided takakura for their dried organic waste such as vegetables. Unlike Takakura, plastic drum composter has bigger volume, so that they use 1 drum composter for 3-4 households. Women decided to use drum composter due to most of their organic waste are seafood and bone fishes which are wet and stinky. When community see the resources person experiences, Pangkah Kulons community also would like to have their experiences. They are willing to be a pilot for others villages and resources person. After community training, women tried to use both of systems.

Waste management in PKK and Karang Taruna Organization is one of important part to sustain an activity. Waste management is a domestic activity for communities, while sorting and composting domestic have been doing in a household. Due to domestic jobs in Pangkah are more responsibility by women, so this pilot program is involving youth, women. By involving existing youth organization (Karang Taruna) and women organization (PKK), more easy to discuss the activity and their responsibility. Every members of the family do sorting the waste and put the organic waste in a their household composter. They collect the anorganic waste in their households, then give them to a person who has responsible to collect their anorganic waste in every RT (Rukun Tetangga), the smallest cluster in Indonesian community. Then they collect to a village level for selling the anorganic waste to a scavenger once in a month. The income from selling of anorganic waste (plastic bottle, glass bottle, paper) is use as a saving of the waste management activities. They plan to use the saving for developing more drum aerob composters, and to buy some plantations for home gardening. Because of this activity already start since September 2007, their saving only Rp 75,000 or US$ 7,5,- for the time being. This sorting activity also help the scavenger, the scavengers easy to get the anorganic waste directly without sorting. They direct to sell the anorganic waste to the collector for recycling. Community only pay to the scavengers for anorganic waste besides plastic
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bottle, glass bottle and paper. Thats why community can reduce their expenses to pay the scavenger up to 50% than before because the waste was reduced. But income of the scavengers still same as before due to they can sell anorganic waste (plastic, bottles) which is sorted by women in every household.

Gender Perspective Research & Development After field visit study and training, men groups tried some kinds of composting system. By using local materials, they improved design of the appropriate composters according to local condition. Even though the first initiator of waste management are men groups, but the implementers for waste Men helped to develop the composter management and composting mostly by women. Women research by day by day the process of composting systems. They drop the organic domestic waste direct to their households composter. Women directly faced of problems how the composter full rapidly due to they produce many organic waste daily. They feel worried that the composter are full rapidly before the compost ready to use. Women with support from their husbands try to find information how to speed up the composting process. From television, they knew that they need decomposer for speed up composting process. On PKK and Karang Tarunas meeting, when usually Hess CD team involved to the meeting, they ask support from Hess to solve the problem. Based on the problem, Hess facilitated to invite microbiology specialist to assist community to make decomposer by themselves for speed up and better composting process by biology process.

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Technical Assistance for composting and probiotic microorganism utilization Based on how to speed up the composting process by using probiotic microbe, Hess invited microbiology specialist for giving technical assistance on how to seeding the bacteria by taking from local natural resources such as; tempe (fermented soy bean, Indonesian traditional food) to degradable process of cellulose material and some fruits to release stinky smell by bonefishes so it can reduce flies and worm in the household composters. The organic waste in the composter also decreased insize, so that the composter Women try to make seeding not full even they disposed organic waste everyday. bacteria Utilization of probiotic microbe is as new knowledge for Pangkah community. They have developed this microbe utilization for composting their coastal fishponds and their animal husbandry feeds. The impact of technical assistance not only for waste management activities, but they can improve their economic activities.

Technical assistance for compsting system by microbiology specialist

Women as decision maker for composting system According to traditional role in a household, women, usually persons who have responsibility to take care domestic jobs, including waste. Doing this activity, men realized that women are mostly of implementers of house jobs so that the men groups giving most portion of decision maker for women to choose the appropriate composting system which are comfort for them to use, easy to operate and maintain, and made from local materials.
Maisaroh is taking her compost

In the beginning, men developed the 2 kinds of aerob composters; Takakura and plactic drum, and let the women tried both systems. Due to characteristic of their organic waste are kinds of seafood and bone fishes waste

Takakura, one of appropriate technology household composting system, besides using a drum

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which are wet and stinky, women comfort to dispose the waste in the plastic drum outside their houses. Women also use decomposer probiotic bacteria to speed up the composting process and to release the smell of bonefishes. The volumes of organic waste in the drum are decreased in size. Women are feeling comfort to use drum composters, they told to their husband. Their husband will inform the progress and result of women activity to village meeting, and women inform the result to PKK and Karang Tarunas regular meeting. Women also make decision for job description and responsibility of waste management members in their regular meeting, especially for collecting anorganic waste. The price of selling anorganic waste are very cheap, so that they have to collect with their neighborhood in their RTs, RWs, sub villages and villages level for selling to get better price. Result of the discussion will coordinate and socialize in the village meeting, so that all of community knew their activity and others community will interest to involve. They realize that women research and develop waste management. Women feel their opinion valued more than before. They have more self confidence to attend in village meeting as waste management representatives. Women also have initiatives to follow up their activity such as; home gardening for vegetables, and to sell probiotic bacteria. Some activities needed by community especially women and youth groups for keeping their enthusiasm. They would like to know how other community groups doing waste management; they want to take information for better implementation. They also need support from their local government, especially district leader for waste management regulation. So that activities to be undertaken to improve and to keep their activity sustain such as; Comparative Study Community will find others CBSWMs experiences, sharing information and knowledge to improve their practicing. By comparative study, they also develop their networking to expand this activity.

Dissemination Private sector and government need to disseminate this good practice. Sharing and socializing their good practice by public hearing, some news media, and workshops will speed up the replication of waste management, also to improve the waste management practicing and keep the awareness of healthy environment for Pangkahs community by waste management.

Replication Usually, waste will become a problem if a location do not have area for final disposal. This problem will push local government make regulation for community doing waste management to reduce dumping solid waste in existing disposal area. By doing 3 concept of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycling in every household is the most appropriate action. Result of some good practice of waste management will be good examples to be replicated by improving and innovation according to local culture, local condition and budget.

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After pilot program in Pangkah Kulon, 2 others villages in Ujung Pangkah sub district are interested to practice the waste management also.

Impact
Since the village have responsible to take care their waste, they change healthy behavior from to throw the waste away become to put the waste in the right place. This behavior also reduces contamination of ground water in the final disposal site. Especially women have a new perception that their waste have a value by managing the waste; Reuse, Reduce, Recycle.

Situation in final disposal, near communitys fish pond and settlements. After waste management practicing, volume of the waste are reducing

For women, to manage their domestic waste is not difficult anymore. They husband also help to find networks and access, such as waste collector or recycling entrepreneurs to buy their waste. Coordination and cooperation between men and women have been doing as well. Men helped women developed the hardware for composting, help to find information for better composting process, find networks and access for received their solid waste, and also inform women progress activity of waste management to village government. They are interested to discuss waste management topic between men and women, unlike before that women only did what men said.

Identification of Issues
The price of compost and anorganic waste are very cheap, waste management members have to collect their product so that they can sell in a big quantity. To get a big quantity of selling their product, they have to cooperate with their neighborhoods as well. Sometimes this condition makes women feeling bored, that they have to wait for selling their product. This condition make the waste management (PKK and Karang Taruna) have to give support and socialization for women that the point of view of waste management not only to get economic value, the most important is to get better clean and healthy environment. Seeding of pro biotic microbe as an alternative income to solve the problem for improving their occupations. Since technical assistance from a microbiology specialist, community have knowledge to take probiotic microbe for seeding up their composting process. Besides utilization the microbe for composting, they also find that microbe utilization also improve their occupations such as; composting their coastal fish ponds and animal feeding (fish, goats). Subkhan, one of member of community group, mixed his animal feeds with the microbe that he took from tempe, he found that his goats grew up better. After his experiment, his wife supports him to multiply the microbe for their neighborhood. It can be used for new enterprises community in Pangkah. Sometimes community also feeling un confidence to do waste management because they do not get support and attention from their government for waste management regulation. Community

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needs government support for CBSWM regulations to speed up the replication process and to keep the awareness for waste management. Community that implemented waste management practicing will very proud if their local government support their practicing invite them as resources person for others community. The replication will be easier to implement if government develop regulations for sorting domestic waste and composting in every household. The regulations such as; waste picker will not pick the waste if there are still mixed waste, or waste picker only take anorganic waste for recycle so that organic waste will be composting in every household. Sometimes, local government has lack of budget to replicate the practicing of waste management. And the other side, communities do not have capacity to implement by themselves. In this condition, community needs private sectors support to replicate waste management, especially for community who live near the production area. Private sectors should support capacity building of gender perspective waste management by 3 R concepts (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) for protecting groundwater contamination and giving information access how to implement CBSWM. And also for existing community who are implementing waste management, access for networking to consumers of waste management product will be very useful to maintain their behavior.

Conclusions
This pilot waste management activity changes their behavior on gender perspectives and environmental health aspects. By doing waste management, women have opportunities for research and development process of organic composting and collecting anorganic waste. They not only get this opportunity but they take this opportunity in a good moment. For examples, Mrs. Uswatun Khasanah, she found that the composter not stinky even she put mouse dead body in her drum composer. She also told that she and her friends could save their money up to 50% to the scavengers, so that women can use the money more for preparing food. Based on those experiences, men more respect to women, that their wife not only do home jobs, but they also have more capacity to do innovations for reducing waste problem. The environment in Pangkah Kulon village is cleaner and healthier than before is benefit for everybody. The wastes in their final disposal site are reduced, their drainage cleaner. Community realized that even they can not take money benefit immediately; they can take health value from their waste management implementation.

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