Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3: MATTER
All living things can be divided into matter and non-matter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. For examples : book, air, soil and animals. Examples of non-matter are light, sound, heat and electricity. Matter can exist in three different states: Solid Liquid Gas. Solids rice, sugar, salt, coins, stones, sand and steel Liquids cooking oil, kerosene, lubricant and alcohol Gases air, cooking gas and water vapour

Properties
Arrangement of particles

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Closely packed Distance between particles Movement of particles Very little space between the particles Vibrate about a fixed position

Further apart

Very far apart

Volume Level of energy Attractive force between particles Ability to be compressed

Definite Low Strong

More space A lot of space between the between the particles particles Move randomly Move randomly, and freely freely and faster in any direction. Definite Indefinite Medium High Weak Very weak

Cannot

Cannot

Can

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Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

Matter Has Mass and Occupies Space

To Show Air Has Mass To Show Air Occupies Space

Two balloon are filled with air and are balanced onto a wooden rod.

The balloon that was poked with a pin has become lighter than the other balloon.

When the water level in the flask rises, the balloon inflates. The water that enters the flask takes up the space of air in the flask. The displaced air then, enters the balloon. This causes the balloon to inflate.

To Show Water Occupies Space

To Show Water Has Mass

Water fills the space in the beaker.

The mass of water can be measured by using lever balance.

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Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

The Concept of Density

Definition
Density of an object is mass per unit volume of that object. Density = Mass Volume SI unit = kg/ m3 1 g/cm3 = 1 000 kg/m3

Example of densities of some common materials

Solid Liquid Material Cork Wood Ice Wax Sand Glass Aluminium Iron Copper Lead Uranium Density ( g/cm ) 0.25 0.7 0.92 0.95 1.6 2.5 2.6 7.9 8.9 11.4 19.0
3

Material Alcohol Petrol Olive oil Water Sea water Dead sea brine

Density ( g/cm3 ) 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.03 1.8

Gas Material Hydrogen Air Oxygen Carbon dioxide Density ( g/cm3 ) 0.001 0.0013 0.001 0.002

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Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

The density of regular shaped objects

The diagram shows block A with mass 5.0 kg. What is the density of block A? Density = Mass / Volume = 5.0 kg (0.1m x 0.1m x 0.2 m) = 5.0 kg 0.002 m3 = 2500kg/m3

The density of irregular shaped objects

Mass of stone = 50g What is the density of the stone? Density = Mass / Volume = 50g (40-20 cm3) = 50 g 20 cm3 = 2.5g/cm3

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Science Module Form 1 Chapter 3

Floating and Sinking

Different objects have different densities. A solid floats on a liquid if it is less dense than the liquid. A solid sinks in a liquid if it is denser than the liquid. The less dense liquids will float on denser liquids
Cork(0.25gcm-3 ) Petrol (0.7gcm-3 ) Wood (0.91gcm-3) Water (1.0 gcm-3) Lead (11.4 gcm-3)

Mercury (13.6 gcm-3)

Hot air Balloon

Floats

Submarine

Application Buoy Ships and boats Transport timber

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Email :abianajaafar@yahoo.com.