TheBigIdea Inthischapter,weaimtounderstandandexplaintheparabolicmotionofathrownobject,known asprojectilemotion.Motioninonedirectionisunrelatedtomotioninotherperpendicular directions.Oncetheobjecthasbeenthrown,theonlyaccelerationisinthe y(up/down)direction. The x(horizontal)directionvelocityremainsunchanged.

KeyEquations Intheverticaldirection 2 y(t)=y0 +v0ytgt vy(t)=v0y gt 2 vy2 =v0y 2g(y) +ydirectionisupward 2 ay=g= 9.8m/s Inthehorizontaldirection x(t)=x0 +v0xt vx(t)=v0x ax =0

Note:theinitialvelocity v0canbeseparatedinto v0x = v0cosqand v0y =v0sinq,where qisthe anglebetweenthevelocityvectorandthe horizontal. KeyConcepts Inprojectilemotion,thehorizontaldisplacementofanobjectfromitsstartingpointis calleditsrange. Atthetopofitsflight,theverticalspeedofanobjectinprojectilemotioniszero. Toworktheseproblems,separatetheBigThreeequationsintotwosets: onesetforthe ydirection(verticaldirection),andonesetforthe xdirection(horizontaldirection).The xdirectionand ydirectiondonttalktoeachother.Keepthemseparate. Theonlyvariablethatcangointobothsetsofequationsistime.Youusetimeto communicatebetweenthetwodirections. Since,intheabsenceofairresistance,thereisnoaccelerationinthexdirection,the velocityinthe xdirectiondoesnotchangeappreciablyovertime.Thisisacounter intuitivenotionformany.Askyourinstructorto demonstrate thistruth toyour satisfaction. The ydirectionmotionmustincludetheaccelerationduetogravity,andtherefore the velocityinthe ydirectionchangesovertime. Theshapeofthepathofanobjectundergoingprojectilemotionisaparabola.Thisis 2 becauseofthe t dependenceforthe yposition. Wewillignoreairresistanceinthischapter.Airresistancewilltendtoshortentherange oftheprojectilemotionbyvirtueofproducing acceleration inthenegative xdirection.

nd PeoplesPhysicsBook2 Edition

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TwoDimensionalandProjectileMotionProblemSet
Drawdetailedpicturesforeachproblem(puttinginallthedata, suchasinitialvelocity,time, etc.),andwritedownyourquestionswhenyougetstuck. 1. Determinewhichofthefollowing isin projectilemotion.Rememberthatprojectilemotion meansthatgravityistheonlymeansofacceleration fortheobject.Neglectairresistance. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Ajetairplaneduringtakeoff A baseballduringaBarryBondshomerun Aspacecraftjustafteralltherocketsturnoff Abasketballthrowntowardsabasket Abulletshotoutofagun Anintercontinentalballisticmissileoncetherocketshaveceasedfiring. Apackagedroppedoutofanairplaneascending upwardwithconstantspeed

2. DecideifeachofthestatementsbelowisTrueorFalse.Then,explainyourreasoning. a. b. c. d. e. f. Ataprojectileshighestpoint,itsvelocityiszero. Ataprojectileshighestpoint,itsaccelerationiszero. Therateofchangeofthe xpositionischangingwithtimealongtheprojectilepath. Therateofchangeofthe ypositionischangingwithtimealongtheprojectilepath. Supposethatafter2s,anobjecthastraveled2minthehorizontaldirection.Iftheobject isinprojectilemotion,itmusttravel2mintheverticaldirectionaswell. Supposeahunterfireshisgun.Supposeaswellthatasthebulletfliesouthorizontally andundergoesprojectilemotion,theshellforthe bulletfallsdirectlydownward.Then, theshellhitsthegroundbeforethebullet.

3. Imaginethepathofasoccerball inprojectilemotion.Whichofthefollowingistrueat the highestpointinitsflight? a. b. c. d. e. vx =0, vy =0, ax =0,and ay =0 vx >0, vy =0, ax =0,and ay =0 2 vx =0, vy =0, ax =0,and ay =9.8m/s 2 vx >0, vy =0, ax =0,and ay =9.8m/s 2 vx =0, vy >0, ax =0,and ay =9.8m/s

4. A hunterwithanairblastergunispreparingtoshootatamonkeyhangingfromatree.Heis pointing hisgundirectlyatthemonkey.Themonkeysgottothinkquickly!Whatisthe monkeysbestchancetoavoidbeingsmackedbytheairblasterbullet? a. Themonkeyshouldstayrightwhereheis:thebulletwillpassbeneathhimdueto gravity. b. Themonkey shouldletgowhenthehunterfires.Since the gunispointingrightathim, hecanavoidgettinghitbyfallingtotheground. c. Themonkeyshouldstayrightwhereheis: thebulletwillsailabovehimsinceitsvertical velocityincreasesby9.8m/severysecondofflight. d. Themonkeyshouldletgowhenthehunterfires.Hewillfallfasterthanthe bulletdueto hisgreatermass,anditwillflyoverhishead.

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5. Youareridingyourbike inastraightlinewithaspeedof10m/s.Youaccidentallydropyour calculatoroutofyourbackpackfromaheightof2.0mabovetheground.Whenithitsthe ground,whereisthecalculatorin relationto thepositionofyourbackpack? a. b. c. d. Youandyourbackpack are6.3 maheadofthecalculator. Youandyourbackpackare directlyabovethecalculator. Youandyourbackpack are6.3 mbehind thecalculator. Noneoftheabove.

6. Aballofmassmismovinghorizontallywithspeed vo offacliffofheighth,asshown.How muchtimedoesittaketherocktotravelfromtheedge oftheclifftotheground? a. b. c. d. e.

hv o h /v o hvo /g 2h /g
2h /g

vo h

7. Findthemissinglegsoranglesofthetrianglesshown. a. d=?
20 12m

c.
v=52m/s 30 v x=? v y=?

14m

vx=8m/s

b.

? 12m

d.

? vy= 12m/s v=?

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8. Drawinthe xand yvelocitycomponentsforeachdotalongthepathofthecannonball.The firstoneisdoneforyou.

vy vx

9. Astoneisthrownhorizontallyataspeedof8.0m/sfromtheedgeofacliff80minheight. Howfarfromthebaseofthecliffwillthestonestriketheground? 10. Atoytruckmovesofftheedgeofatablethatis1.25mhighandlands0.40mfromthebase ofthetable. a. Howmuchtimepassedbetweenthemomentthecarleftthetableandthemomentithit thefloor? b. Whatwasthehorizontalvelocityofthecarwhenithittheground? 11. Ahawkinlevelflight135m above thegrounddropsthefishitcaught.Ifthe hawks horizontalspeedis20.0m/s,howfaraheadofthedroppointwillthefishland? 12. Apistolisfiredhorizontallytowardatarget120mawaybutatthesameheight.Thebullets velocityis200m/s.Howlongdoesittakethebullettogettothetarget?Howfarbelow the targetdoesthebullethit? 13. Abird,travelingat20m/s,wantstohit awaiter10mbelowwith hisdropping (seeimage).Inordertohitthewaiter, thebirdmustreleasehisdropping somedistancebeforeheisdirectly overhead.Whatisthisdistance?
20m/s

10m

14. JeffChandlerofthe SanFrancisco 49erskickedafieldgoalwithaninitial velocityof20m/satanangleof60. a. Howlongistheballintheair?Hint:youmayassumethattheball landsatsameheight asitstartsat. b. Whatare therangeandmaximumheightoftheball?

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15. A racquetball thrownfromtheground atanangleof45andwithaspeedof22.5m/slands exactly2.5slateron thetopofanearbybuilding.Calculatethehorizontaldistanceittraveled andtheheightofthebuilding. 16. DonovanMcNabbthrowsafootball.Hethrowsitwithan initialvelocityof30m/satan angleof25.Howmuchtimepassesuntiltheballtravels35mhorizontally?Whatisthe heightofthe ballafter0.5seconds?(Assumethat,whenthrown,theballis2mabovethe ground). 17. PedroFelizthrowsabaseballwithahorizontalcomponentofvelocityof25m/s.After2 seconds,theballis40mabovetheground.Calculatethehorizontaldistanceithastraveled bythistime,itsinitialverticalcomponentofvelocity,anditsinitialangleofprojection.Also, isthe ballonthe wayuporthewaydownatthismomentin time? 18. BarryBondshitsa125m(450)homerunthatlandsinthestandsatanaltitude30mabove itsstartingaltitude.Assumingthattheballleftthebatatanangleof45fromthehorizontal, calculatehowlongtheballwasintheair. 19. Agolfercandriveaballwithaninitialspeedof40.0m/s.Iftheteeandthegreenare separatedby100m,but are onthesamelevel,atwhatangleshouldtheballbedriven?(Hint: youshoulduse 2cos(x)sin(x)=sin(2x)atsomepoint.) 20. Howlongwillittake abulletfiredfromacliffataninitial velocityof700m/s, atanangle 30below thehorizontal,toreachtheground200mbelow? 21. AdiverinHawaiiisjumpingoffacliff45mhigh,but shenoticesthatthereisan outcroppingofrocks7moutatthebase.So,shemustclearahorizontaldistanceof7m duringthediveinordertosurvive.Assumingthediverjumpshorizontally,whatishis/her minimumpushoffspeed? 22. IfCarmeloAnthonycanjump1mhighonEarth,how farcanhejumponthemoon(where gravityis1/6thatofEarthsgravity)ifheleapsata45angle?30?60? 23. JamesBondistryingtojumpfromahelicopterintoaspeeding Corvette to capturethebad guy.Thecarisgoing30m/sandthehelicopterisflyingcompletelyhorizontallyat100m/s. Thehelicopteris120mabovethecarand440mbehindthecar.HowlongmustJamesBond waitbeforejumping inordertosafelymakeitinto thecar?
100m/s

120 m 30m/s 440 m

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24. Afieldgoalkickerlinesuptokicka44 yard(40m)fieldgoal.Hekicksitwith aninitialvelocityof20m/satanangle of45.Thefieldgoalpostsare3meters high. a. Doeshemakethefieldgoal? b. Whatistheballsvelocity and direction ofmotionjustasit reachesthefieldgoalpost(i.e., afterithastraveled40m inthe horizontaldirection)?

3m 40 m

25. Inafootballgameapunterkicksthe ball ahorizontaldistanceof43yards(39m).OnTV, theytrackthehangtime,whichreads3.9seconds.Fromthisinformation,calculatetheangle andspeed atwhichtheballwaskicked.(Notefornonfootballwatchers:theprojectilestarts andlandsatthesameheight.Itgoes43 yards horizontallyinatimeof3.9seconds) 26. Inthisproblem wellfigureoutwheretoplaceagraduatedcylindersoamarble,rolleddown aramp,willlandrightattheopening.Heresthediagramoftheexperiment:
Gate 1 Ramp Gate 2

Graduated cylinder

Theheightofthetableis0.90m.Thegraduatedcylinderhasaheightof8.5cm.Two photo gatesrecordthepassageofthemarble.ThemarblepassesthroughGate1at t=0.70sand throughGate2att =0.81s.Thegatesareseparatedbyadistanceof10cm.Themarblehas mass0.012kgandis1.9cmindiameter. Thecylinderhasawidthof2.1cm.Forthe purposesofthisproblem,wewillneglectairresistance. Atwhatdistance dfromthebottomofthetableshouldweplacethecylinder?

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