THIAGARAJAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

(Autonomous institution)
SALEM-5 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

RECENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

AUTHORS
HARISH.N (Final year) E-MAIL: harish_ragul@yahoo.co.in RANJITH.B (2nd Year) E-MAIL: ranjith_mtr@yahoo.com

CONTENTS` INTRODUCTION WIRELESS COMMUNICATION RECENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS DIGITAL SOUND AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING BLUETOOTH ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) REQUIREMENTS OF UWB WIDER APPLICATIONS OF UWB A CLOSER LOOK AT UWB TECHNOLOGY OFDM MODULATION MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS SUMMARY

CONCLUSION REFERENCE

ABSTRACT In recent years, plenty of interest has been shown in wireless technology. The wireless local area networks (WLAN), referred to as Wi-Fi. The importance of Wi-Fi is currently very evident; almost all laptops and PDAs or even Cell Phones have Wi-Fi as a standard feature. The main objective behind our paper is to discuss the next generation standards in Wireless. In this paper we are going to discuss about the new trends like Wireless Communications, Recent trends in Wireless technology, Bluetooth and Ultra wide band.

INTRODUCTION The term wireless is normally used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation which is accomplished without the use of a hard wired connection. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or wires. The distances involved may be short or very long. Wireless communications is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications. Wireless is most commonly used in the telecommunications industry (e.g., radio transmitters, receivers, remote controls, etc.) which use some form of energy like radio frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic energy, etc to transfer information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or the entire communication path. Common examples of wireless equipments:

Cellular phones and pagers: Provide connectivity for portable and mobile applications, both personal and business. Global Positioning System (GPS): Allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth.

Cordless computer peripherals: The cordless mouse is a common example; keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless. Cordless telephone sets: These are limited-range devices, not to be confused with cell phones. Satellite television: Allows viewers in almost any location to select from hundreds of channels.

RECENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY 1. Satellite Communications Satellite systems have limited capacity due to power limitations combined with large foot print requirements as well as orbital and radio spectrum limitations. Initially designed for fixed satellite service, this technology is increasingly being used for Directto- Home (DTH) broadcasting. A good number of satellite operators are able to make profits thanks to the broadcasting services they are rendering. The reason behind is the very low tariffs offered by the optical fiber network operators.

As a result many satellite operators expand their broadcasting related services. Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) are purely proprietary systems, but there is a new trend to go to open standardization amongst some VSAT manufacturers. It is worth noting that low cost VSAT systems with switching process in the sky bird should also be ready for deployment very soon. They will effectively interconnect the rural population in remote areas to modern telecommunication services at affordable cost.

2. Digital Sound and Television Broadcasting (DTH Broadcasting)

Transportation of broadcasting signals has also become mostly digital. DTH broadcasting service and programme/news exchange networks are also swiftly switching to digital technology. Similar tendency is to be noted in the cable networks for the distribution of sound and television broadcasting programmes. Digital terrestrial sound and television broadcasting systems are already on the increase, and likewise the mobile systems. There is thus an obvious difficulty for decision makers and planners when choosing the appropriate standards and technology. The digital broadcasting technology has the potential of the creating many new value added multimedia services, downloading pre-selected files or programmes, targeted advertisements or other data. All this could be done even on board of a vehicle driven at high speed.

In contrast, the mobile terminals when on the move, because of the nature of signal processing used, decode correctly less data (with the increase of the speed of the cellular terminal at 100 km/h only 10% of the normal data stream could be decoded for use). Therefore, it is expected that asymmetric interactive systems will be built by the merger of IMT-2000 operators and broadcasters (another example of technology convergence). Meanwhile asymmetrical interactive systems are ready for consumption by the DTH satellite broadcasting industry.

3. BLUETOOTH

What is Blue tooth? Blue tooth is a wireless Personal Area Networks (PAN). Bluetooth provides a way to exchange the information between devices such as mobile phones, laptops, pcs, printers, digital cameras, mouses etc., In Bluetooth the datas can be accessed at the rate of 1megabit per second.

RANGE OF BLUETOOTH

Range
1.

Range(Approximate)

~100 meters ~10 meters ~1 meter

2.

3.

ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTH

Wireless (No Cables) No Setup Needed Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat) Industry Wide Support

Some of the Bluetooth enabled devices are

4. ULTRA WIDEBAND The Next-Generation Wireless Connection Overview: In the digital home of the future, people will be sharing photos, music, video, data and voice among networked consumer electronics, PCs and mobile devices throughout the home and even remotely. For example, users will be able to stream video content from a PC or consumer electronics (CE) device -- such as a camcorder, DVD player or personal video recorder -- to a flat screen HDTV (high-definition television) display without the use of any wires. A leading candidate for enabling this capability is ultra wideband (UWB), a wireless technology designed for short-range, personal area networks, or PANs. This year, UWB is making the transition from laboratories to standardization, a key step toward the development of real-world products. Recent industry achievements with UWB range from researchers showing proofof-concept demos, to formation of industry working groups that will define the UWB will run on top of the radio platform. In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has mandated that UWB radio transmission can legally operate in the range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, at a transmit power of 41 dBm/MHz. Japanese regulators have issued the first UWB experimental license allowing the operation of a UWB transmitter In Japan.

Requirements of UWB

UWB allows for high data throughput with low power consumption for distances of less than 10 meters, or about 30 feet, which is very applicable to the digital home requirements. The fastest data rate publicly shown over UWB is now at 252 Mbps, and a rate of 480 Mbps is expected to be shown in the future. Requirements for the digital home include high-speed data transfer for multimedia content, short-range connectivity for transfer to other devices, low power consumption due to limited battery capacity, and low complexity and cost due to market pricing pressures and alternative wired connectivity options. Transfer of video from a camcorder to an entertainment PC is one scenario. Another model is the ability to view photos from the user's digital still camera on a larger display. Removing all the wires to the printer, scanner, mass storage devices, and video cameras located in the home office is another possible scenario. Closely related is wireless connectivity for consumer electronics devices. Portable CE audio/video (A/V) devices such as DV camcorders, digital still cameras, portable MP3 audio players, HDTV displays, personal video recorders (PVRs), and Entertainment PCs and emerging personal video players are likely candidates for the early UWB mainstream market. Wider Applications OF UWB The concept of a UWB radio spans many different applications and industries and has been coined the "common UWB radio platform." The UWB radio, along with the convergence layer, becomes the underlying transport mechanism for different applications, some of which are currently only wired. Some of the more notable applications that would operate on top of the common UWB platform would be wireless universal serial bus (WUSB), IEEE 1394, the next generation of Bluetooth, and Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). You can see a diagram of this vision below.

This concept has many potential applications since it creates the first high-speed wireless interconnects. UWB technology offers a combination of performance and ease of use unparalleled by other interconnects options available today. Presently, wired USB has significant market segment share as the cable interconnect of choice for the PC platform. But the need for the cable itself points to convenience and usability challenges for users. By unleashing peripheral devices from the PC while still providing the performance users have come to expect from wired USB connections, wireless USB running on ultra wideband promises to gain significant volume in the PC peripheral interconnect market segment. An example application for UWB would be bringing a mobile device like a portable media player (PMP) in proximity to a content source like a PC, laptop, or external hard disk drive. Once authentication and authorization is established, the device and PC can perform bulk data transfer of video files onto the PMP for later viewing. Within the consumer electronics industry, there is demand for wirelessly connecting various devices such as DVDs, HDTVs, set-top boxes (STBs), PVRs, stereos, camcorders, digital cameras, and other CE devices. Wireless ease of use and data transfer performance is a key factor for adoption in this category. For example, wireless connectivity would be ideal for a wall-mounted plasma display where, for aesthetic reasons, users prefer not to have cables from an STB or

of Closer Look at UWB Technology A at least 500 MHz.

Entertainment PC visible. A variation on this usage model is the ability to stream content to multiple devices simultaneously. This would allow picture-in-picture functionality or viewing of the same or different content on multiple viewing devices.

A traditional UWB transmitter works by sending billions of pulses across a very wide spectrum of frequency several GHz in bandwidth. The corresponding receiver then translates the pulses into data by listening for a familiar pulse sequence sent by the transmitter. Specifically, UWB is defined as any radio technology having a spectrum that occupies a bandwidth greater than 20 percent of the center frequency, or a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz. With the formation of the MultiBand OFDM Alliance (MBOA) in June 2003, OFDM for each sub band was added to the initial multiband approach in order to develop the best technical solution for UWB. To date, the MultiBand OFDM Alliance has more than 60 participants (and growing) that support a single technical proposal for UWB. The band plan for the MBOA proposal has five logical channels. Channel 1, which contains the first three bands, is mandatory for all UWB devices and radios. Multiple groups of bands enable multiple modes of operation for MultiBand OFDM devices. In the current MultiBand OFDM Alliance's proposal, bands 13 are used for Mode 1 devices (mandatory mode), while the other remaining channels (25) are optional. In addition, the proposal also allows flexibility to avoid channel 2 when and if U-NII (Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure) interference.

The multiband OFDM Modulation band

OFDM Modulation The information transmitted on each band is modulated using OFDM. OFDM distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the orthogonality in this technique, which prevents the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own. The benefits of OFDM are high-spectral efficiency, resiliency to RF interference, and lower multipath distortion. By using OFDM modulation techniques coupled with multibanding, it becomes easier to collect multipath energy using a single RF chain and allows the receiver to deal with narrowband interference without having to sacrifice sub bands or data rate. These advantages relate to the ability to turn off individual tones and also easily recover damaged tones through the use of forward error-correction coding.

Manufacturing considerations Although this adds complexity to the design of the radio, it is important to note that the key signal-processing block in OFDM (the FFT/IFFT) has been shown to require around 50K gates, which contribute only a very small area to the total silicon real estate. Furthermore, the functionality can be integrated in deep submicron CMOS processes, resulting in Moore's Law scaling for the majority of the receive-path functions. Summary Researchers and engineers are working to deploy UWB technology in the near future. With the standardization of a common UWB development platform, device manufacturers in the PC, mobile, and consumer electronics industries will have the opportunity to choose UWB as a physical layer. By doing so, they will be able to take advantage of the low power and high bandwidth this technology provides. Intel researchers are working on a variety of UWB technologies, including a platform for next-generation development efforts, and believe it will be a critical step in enabling advanced communications for a wide range of uses in the future. CONCLUSION

Thus in our paper we have seen a lot of information about some new wireless techniques. When we overview about the advantages we have lot of industrial wide applications like power consumption, time consuming and there is no need for setup. But there are also some disadvantages. In wireless communications we have no essential security; In UWB and Bluetooth we will have some air disturbances. But we should keep in our mind that each and every thing discovered by man has both merits and demerits. Any way we can say that WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY is one of the boons given by the science to us.

References

1) www.wikipedia.co.in 2) www.wirelesstechniques.com