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PCK 2: TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON INSULATOR AND CONDUCTOR. Theory: Insulator is a material that does not easily allow energy, such as heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it. Examples of good insulator are wood, sand, water, rubber, cotton, paper, glass, and air. Insulator is used as a matter of protection from heat flow, electricity, light or sound. For example, since wood does not easily transmit heat, wood is used for cooking utensils. You can hold these utensils and stir very hot food without the utensil getting hot and burning your hand. Conductor is materials that easily transmit energy. This means that energy is able to move through a conductor. Examples of good conductor are metals such as copper, aluminium, silver, iron and also salt solution. Aluminium is used to make saucepan since it is good conductor. The specific heat of a substance is an important physical property because it tells us the suitability of a given substance for a specific purpose. Aluminium vessels are used in cooking because aluminium is a light metal. Hence, for a given volume, its thermal capacity will be less than that of vessels made of steel of same volume. The high specific heat of water explains why land close to a large pond of water is likely to have a milder climate than land without a pond close by. Because of high specific heat, water on the land gets heated slowly. Land near the pond also gets heated slowly. For the same amount of heat, dry land gets heated quickly to a much higher temperature. Soil is a poor conductor, prevents the heat from going deep into the ground. Hence, the heat causes a quick rise in temperature on dry land. For same reasons, land areas far from water-cool off much faster than land near large bodies of water.

Design an investigation to prove that aluminium is a good conductor whereas water is a good insulator. Problem : How to determine the good conductor and good insulator?

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Aim Materials

: To determine the good conductor and good insulator : Heater 60 W, aluminium saucepan, 1 kg of water, 1 kg block of aluminium, thermometer, stop clock, balance.

Hypothesis : Aluminium is good conductor while the water is good insulator

Procedure: 1. Water i. Put 1 kg of water in the saucepan and measure its temperature. ii. Hold the heater and switch on the power supply. iii. When the heater getting warm put it in the water and starts the stop clock. iv. After 10 minutes switch off the power supply, stir the water and take its temperature. v. Allow the heater to cool in air.

1. Aluminium i. Put the thermometer in the small hole in the aluminium block. ii. Switch on the heater and when it is warm put it in the large hole in the block and start the stop clock, having recorded the initial temperature of the block. iii. After 10 minutes switch off the power supply and take the temperature of the block.

Result: WATER Initial temperature (0C) ALUMINIUM

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Final temperature (0C) Temperature change (/oC) Conclusion: Aluminium is good conductor than water because it can transfer the heat energy faster than water. The final temperature of aluminium is higher than water.

Which substance is having a higher capacity? Discuss. The specific heat capacity of water is higher than aluminium. The temperature of water increases slowly than aluminium when heated and decrease slowly when cooled down. Water has relatively higher specific heat capacity due to the hydrogen bonding amongst its molecule.

At the end of these activities; 1. What have you learnt from these two activities? From these activities, I have learnt that aluminium is good conductor while water is a good insulator. I have a wrong concept about water before whereas I thought water is a good conductor. After doing this activities and do some homework/ research about this topic, I learnt than water is actually good insulator. It only can conduct heat or electricity in the presence of other minerals. Other than that, I also learnt than there are no relationship between thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Before this, I assume that materials with higher specific heat capacity can conduct heat better. Doing these activities increase my inquiry to learn more about these. Hence I tried my best to do some reading. According to my reading, I learnt that specific heat capacity is actually not related to the thermal conductivity. 2. Which part of the primary science curriculum teaches this particular topic? Year 4 Learning Objectives Theme: 1.2 Pupils Suggested Learning Activities are given Learning Outcomes various Pupils :

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Investigating Understanding Materials that of material properties

objects made of wood, plastic, Identify materials metal, glass or rubber and that conduct group them according to the heat. materials they are made of.

Pupils test objects made of wood, plastic, metal, glass or rubber to find out if they: a) conduct electricity, b) conduct heat, c) float on water, d) absorb water, e) can be stretched, f) allow light to pass through. State what an insulator is Discuss what conductor and insulator are. Make a generalization Based on the graphic organizer, pupils make a generalization that a good heat conductor is also a good electric conductor. that a good conductor of heat is also a good conductor of electricity State what a conductor is.

3. Discuss how you can use these activities in your teaching and learning.

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Teacher can use demonstration to demonstrate the activities then give the pupils chance to do by themselves doing by group. Carry out the group discussion to determine the good insulator and conductor of heat. Provide simpler activities for pupils to determine insulator and conductor. Ask the pupils to construct container for hot and cold food by applying their knowledge about heat insulator and conductor.

1. What was the role of the teacher in these activities? Facilitator Teacher must practices democratic teaching style, and pupils are encouraged to air their opinions through discussion. This role also required on the organization of group activities according to individual differences. Guidance Teacher play role as a guide in their learning process. For example, explain about the learning objective, method of the activity, inculcate moral values etc. Teacher also assist students to solve problems during their learning process besides to instil students awareness on the importance of learning while they are in the early development stage. Motivator Teacher motivate students and helps them to adapt and adjust personal, social, emotional, academic, mental and behavioural problems they are facing.

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REFERENCE: Tony R Khulphadi. 2000-2002. Conductors, insulator and Electron Flow. Access from http://www.rare-earth-magnets.com/t-conductors-and-insulators.aspx On 17 January 2011.

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