Biogas Development and Training Centre Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Floating Drum Type Biogas Plant

Fixed Dome Type Biogas Plant

Contacts:
Dr. Virendra Kumar Vijay Program Coordinator

Biogas Development and Training Centre, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Block-III, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016 India. Phone: + 91- 11- 26596351, 26591157 Fax: + 91-11- 26591121, 26596351 E-mail: bdtciitd@gmail.com, vkvijay@rdat.iitd.ernet.in

Biogas Scrubbing System

Bio-CNG Cylinder in a Car

Biogas Operated Three Wheeler

BDTC, IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is one of the Indian Institutes of Technology created as centres of excellence for higher training, research and development in science, engineering and technology in India. A new Biogas Development and Training Centre (BDTC) started in IIT Delhi in the year 2008 and engaged in research and development of biogas related technologies. BDTCs are supported by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) under National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) for providing technical training and publicity support for quality implementation of biogas programme.

Objectives of BDTC, IIT Delhi:

BDTC, IIT Delhi is engaged in research and development of biogas related

technologies and its applications. In broader terms, BDTC, IIT Delhi is to provide technical support for National Biogas Manure Management Program (NBMMP) on decided areas with Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and coordinate R&D and consultancy work on biogas technology with expertise available in IIT Delhi.
To organize training courses for developing entrepreneurs and for staff of the state

nodal departments and implementing agencies etc. for the state of Haryana and Delhi and to carry out field testing/adaptive trials on new models of biogas system and demonstration of new models of biogas plants and diversified uses biogas plants effluents.
Development of multidisciplinary network program in the area of biogas

technology and to provide consultancy services to manufactures, NGOs, implementing agencies etc. for developing and testing of new systems. Ongoing Research Activities at BDTC, IIT Delhi:
Biogas production performance from non edible oil seed cakes and other biodegradable raw materials. Enrichment of methane content in biogas by removal of CO2 and H2S through H2S removal from biogas through biological methods. Biogas bottling into CNG cylinders for automotive applications and its testing on

water scrubbing technology and membrane separation.

engines performance and emissions.

Other Ongoing Activities at BDTC, IIT Delhi: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has recently launched new initiative for the development of projects on Demonstration of Integrated Technology- Package on Medium-size Biogas-Fertilizer Plants (BGFP) for Generation, Purification/ Enrichment, Bottling and Piped distribution of Biogas towards harnessing Near Total Potential of suitable Biomass in Rural Areas. The BDTC, IIT Delhi, has been designated as lead BDTC for providing technical assistance and monitoring of such projects for obtaining feed-back for further improvement in the techno-commercial package. The BDTC, IIT Delhi provides entrepreneurship education program to motivate the beneficiaries/entrepreneurs in the field of biogas and to impart the technology of the system for taking it as a self entrepreneurship. The Entrepreneurship Awareness Camp is an initiative for motivating beneficiaries/entrepreneurs and creating awareness among them for Entrepreneurship in the field of bio-energy.

Services of BDTC IIT Delhi:

R&D related to bio-methanation Training and Human Resource Development Consultancy services related to biogas technology Technical guidance

Biogas Related Imported Links:

http://www.iitd.ac.in/center/crdt/people.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jul10/articles13.htm http://www.arti-india.org/content/view/45/52/ http://mnes.nic.in/ http://mnes.nic.in/prog-ftbp.htm http://www.mnre.gov.in/booklets/Book1-e.pdf http://www.kar.nic.in/zpbelgaum/biogas.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion http://www.anaerobic-digestion.com/html/the_biogas_digester.php http://www.iitg.ernet.in/ceer/bdtc-info.pdf

Biogas Enrichment and Bottling Technology: Introduction: Biogas is so far, has mostly been used as fuel for cooking and running stationary engines. However, its potential has not fully utilized, yet. There is a great enhancement in its utilization potential particularly where bigger plants are in operation e.g. institutional biogas plants in Goshalas, dairy farms or community biogas plants in villages. Goshalas are running generally on charity basis and most of Goshalas are not in sound financial position. Enrichment and bottling of biogas will help to improve it. India has a vast potential of 6.38 X 1010 cubic meter of biogas per annum from 980 million tonnes of cattle dung produced. There are number of Goshalas, dairies, village communities having large number of cattle which have potential of installing biogas enrichment and bottling system. In urban areas, large quantity of biogas can be produced in sewage treatment plants using anaerobic digestion. Biogas comprises of 60-65% methane, 35-40 % carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and rests of water vapour. It is almost 20% lighter than air. Biogas, like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot be converted to liquid state under normal temperature. Removing carbon dioxide and compressing it into cylinders makes it easily usable for transport applications, say three wheelers, cars, pick up vans etc and also for stationary applications at various long distances. Already, CNG technology has become easily available and therefore, biomethane (enriched biogas) which is nearly same as CNG, can be used for all applications for which CNG are used. Biogas Enrichment Process: A variety of processes are available for enrichment i.e. removing CO2, H2S and water vapour. Commonly CO2 removal processes also remove H2S. One of the easiest and cheapest methods involves is the use of pressurized water as an absorbent liquid. In this method, the biogas is pressurized and fed to the bottom of a scrubber column where water is sprayed from the top. In counter-currently operated absorption process, the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide present in the biogas is absorbed in down going water and methane goes up and collected in vessel. However, water requirement in this process is high but it is the simplest method of removing impurities from biogas

Concept of Alternative Bio-CNG: Biogas contains a large proportion (about 40 % by volume) of carbon dioxide, a heavier and non combustible gas and some fraction of hydrogen sulphide. Hence it is needed to enrich biogas by removing these undesirable gases to save compression energy and space in bottle and corroding effect, which can be done by scrubbing. The scrubbing system is found to enrich methane about 95 % or more depending upon biogas inlet and water injection pressure. Biogas can be used for all applications designed for natural gas, assuming sufficient purification. Scope of the Technology: Enriched biogas is made moisture free by passing it through filters after that it is compressed upto 200 bar pressure using a three stage gas compressor. Compressed gas is stored in high pressure steel cylinders as used for CNG. There is large potential of this technology in buses, tractors, cars, auto rickshaws, irrigation pump sets and in rural industries. This will help to meet our energy demand for rural masses thus reduces burden of petroleum demand, moves towards energy security and will improve economic status by creating employment generation in rural area. From only one biogas bottling plant, enriched biogas filled cylinders will be able to replace Rs. 9 lakh fuel annually in the country. Increasing the number of bottling plant will subsequently increase the Diesel/Petrol savings. The whole cost can be recovered within twothree years from the installation of the plant.