RIZAL AND THE 1896 REVOLUTION, TRIALS AND INVESTIGATION

The revolution of 1896 and Rizal Cuban Revolution of 1895- influenced the Katipunan to be more eager to fight for the revolution in the Philippines. Montalban cave (April 1895) - Place where Bonifacio and the Katipunan made a decision that the revolution had already come to pass. Dr. Pio Valenzuela was chosen to be the Katipunans official emissary to Dapitan whose main objective was to convince Rizal to join and lead the organization. Raymundo Mata a blind man who acted as a patient in Dapitan who was brought along by Dr. Valenzuela so that he can see and converse with Rizal without raisng suspicion among the inspecting officials. Dr. Jose P. Rizal has been identified by the Filipinos as their true savior and leader. - Name was used in the Katipunan members rally cry of which was Mabuhay si Dr. Jose Rizal! (Long live Dr. Jose Rizal!) - Expressed that he did not adhere to the idea of the Katipunan and that it had no capability of defeating the much powerful Spanish armies. -Advised Valenzuela to discuss the situation also to Antonio Luna whom he regards as a man of military expertise. - was accused of being the Principal organizer and the living soul of insurrection - Founder of societies, periodicals and books dedicated to fomenting and propagating the ideas of rebellion. Reasons for Rizals refusal to join and lead the Katipunan: The Katipunan does not have enough arms to fight the well-equipped enemy. The Katipunan does not have enough skills and training to fight an army veteran to fight an army veteran in engaging in battles. Its hierarchy lacks credibility which may result only to confusion in the chain of command among leaders. Castilla - a cruiser that was boarded by Rizal while waiting for the SS Isla de Panay to arrive; manned by Enrique Santalo. Emergency Rescue Caridad the launch that was boarded by Emilio Jacinto and a few Katipuneros who disguised as sailors in order to save Rizal from the Castilla. The revolution August 19, 1896 the Katipunan was discovered through a betrayal of a member. August 26, 1896 Bonifacio, together with other Katipuneros, raised the Cry of Pugad Lawin that marked the beginning of the Philippine revolution. Last voyage abroad August 30, 1896 Rizal received from Gov. Gen. Blanco a congratulatory letter and letters of recommendation. September 3, 1896 Rizal left for Spain onboard the ship SS Isla de Panay that proceeded to Singapore. Pedro and Periquin Roxas encouraged Rizal to escape in Singapore for it would be safer to be in an English colony. Without a doubt Discovery of the Katipunan led to the uncovering of its secrets. Bulks of documents that were found in secret offices and hide-outs were further investigated; many of these documents implicated Rizals association to the Katipunan. Pictures, copies of Noli and El Fili were likewise found. The arrest Gov. Gen. Ramn Blanco- was pressured by the clergy to order the arrest of Rizal. Bernardino Nozaledas Archbishop of Manila who insisted that Rizal be placed under arrest before he reaches Cuba. Capt. Alemany arrested Rizal on Sept. 30, 1896. October 6, 1896 - SS Isla de Panay reaches Barcelona. Montjuich place where Rizal was imprisoned after arriving in Spain. Eulogio Despujol former Gov. Gen. of the Philippines who banished Rizal to Dapitan; paid a visit to Rizal who was in prison. - He was the Military Commander of Cataluna at that time. SS Colon Ship that carried Rizal back to Manila. Final home coming October 8, 1896 an officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspapers were full of stories about the bloody revolution in the Philippines which mostly blamed him. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez - Rizals friends in London who dispatched a telegram to an English lawyer to rescue him from the Spanish steamer when it reached Singapore by means of a writ of habeas corpus. Hugh Fort an English lawyer in Singapore who tried to rescue Rizal. Chief Justice Lionel Cox denied the writ on the ground that the Colon was carrying Spanish troops to the Philippines.

The enemy has allies which only indicate that the revolution must have foreign aid in order to ensure that resources may not be depleted. Ships (a navy) are needed especially in an archipelago like the Philippines for they are crucial to communication.

The end of retreat Cuban revolution of 1895- caused the Spanish government to begin recruiting physicians who are willing to go to Cuba to attend to the sick and wounded soldiers therein. Gov. Gen. Ramn Blanco- the new governor general who permitted Rizal to work as a volunteer physician for Cuba. Espaa- Steamer that was bound to Manila was boarded by Rizal together with his sister Narcisa, three nephews, a niece and his wife Josephine in leaving Daptian on July 31, 1896. Stranded in Manila August 6, 1896 - Rizal reached Manila. SS Isla de Luzon ship that should have carried Rizal to Spain. SS Isla de Panay another ship that was supposed to take Rizal to Spain that was bound to arrive in Manila in 28 days.

RIZAL AND THE 1896 REVOLUTION, TRIALS AND INVESTIGATION

Coming back to Manila November 3, 1896 SS Colon reaches Manila. Fort Santiago place where Rizal was quietly transferred from the ship under heavy guard. Investigation and trial Documentary and testimonial - two kinds of evidence that were presented against Rizal. Nicolas dela Pea recommended that Rizal continue his stay in prison and that his assets be frozen up to one million pesos and that he be put to trial in a military court. Defense Counsel was the only right that Rizal could enjoy but was still limited as he had to pick from a list of names. Don Luis Taviel de Andrade 1st lieutenant of the Artillery and Rizals defense counsel. Jose Taviels brother. - Read his eloquent defense with the novel the Judges cannot be vindictive; the Judges can only be just. December 11, 1896 information and charges were formally read to Rizal in his prison cell with his counsel present. Charges pressed against Rizal Rebellion and sedition punishable by death Illegal association punishable by reclusion perpetua or lower. Rafael Dominguez forwarded the papers of Rizals case to Malacaang on December 13 1886. Gov. Gen. Camilo G. de Polavieja succeeded Gov. Gen. Blanco as the next governor general of the Philippines. Attempted to make a deal with Rizal. Manifesto December 15, 1896 Rizal wrote the letter Manifesto to the people. Manifesto appeal to the people to stop the unnecessary shedding of blood. Rizals critics accused him of being a traitor because of the Manifesto that he wrote. The trial of Rizal Cuartel de Espaa - military building where Rizals court martial was held. Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial and explained the case against Rizal. Atty. Enrique de Alcocer summarized the charges against Rizal and urged the verdict of death to the accused. Rizals defense Rizal insisted that he could not be involved in the rebellion because of the following reasons: He was already in Dapitan when it was conceived. From 1892, he already retired from politics and many can attest to that. Polavieja sought the decision of Judge Advocate General Nicolas dela Pea about the courts decision submitted to him. The latter affirmed the death verdict of Rizal. December 28, 1896 Polavieja approved the decision of the court martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 am.