Appendix 8 Case study Assessing Operating limits for C-0.

5Mo steel in high temperature H2 service Hennie de Bruyn Statoil

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 9 March 2004

Assessing operating limits for C-0,5Mo steel in high temperature H2 service (case study)

Hennie de Bruyn EFC WP15 9 March 2004

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Coker distillate hydrotreating unit Commissioned in 1975 C-0,5Mo steel piping Reactor feed line Reactor outlet line Desulph. line (by-pass line) Satisfactory performance No history of cracking (HTHA) Unit optimisation/debottlenecking Increased operating temperature Increased H2 partial pressure

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Current Line
Pressure (bar) 46 Temp. (C) 265 pH2 (bar) 29 Pressure (bar) 51

Proposed
Temp. (C) 300 pH2 (bar) 35

Reactor feed Reactor outlet By-pass (presulph)

44 46 (20)

315 265 (35)

16 29 (20)

51 51 (20)

350 300 (35)

20 35 (20)

Is this acceptable? What about potential damage by high temperature hydrogen?

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) Dissociation of hydrogen H2 = 2H Thermally driven Carbide reaction 4H + MC = CH4 + M Results in: Decarburization (high temperatures; lower pH2) Cr-Mo steels Internal fissuring/cracking (higher pH2) CS; C-0,5Mo; Cr-Mo steels

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Nelson curves (G.A Nelson - Shell Development Co) Collection of experience with high temperature hydrogen Temperature-hydrogen partial pressure curves showing experience with different steels Paper presented to API in 1949 Various updates 1950s & early 1960s. Update in 1965 More curves C-0,5Mo raised by 50F

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
API 941 (Steels for Hydrogen Services at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants) 1st Edition: July 1970 Based on Nelsons 1965 curves + 2,25Cr-1Mo 2nd Edition: June 1977 Lowered curve for C-0,5Mo Failures in conditions around the curve 3rd Edition: May 1983 More C-0,5Mo failures (catalytic reforming units) 4th Edition: April 1990 More industry failures of C-0,5Mo 1977 curve removed & presented separately Caution on use of C-0,5Mo

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2

Line
Reactor feed Reactor outlet

Temp. (C) 265 315

pH2 (bar) 29 16

Temp. (C) 300 350

pH2 (bar) 35 20

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Disadvantage of curves in API 941 Does not indicate ageing effects HTHA is also time dependent Single parameter PV was developed relate time, pH2, temperature API 581 Appendix I: HTHA Technical Module PV = log(pH2) + 3,09 x 10-4 (T) (log(t) +14) pH2 hydrogen partial pressure in kgf/cm2 (1 kgf/cm2 = 14,2 psia) T temperature in K (K = C + 273) t time (age) in hours

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Carbon & low alloy steel susceptibility to HTHA (API 581)
Critical PV factors Material High susceptibility
PV m 4,70 PV m 4,95 PV m 5,60 PV m 6,00 PV m 6,53

Medium susceptibility
4,61 < PV [ 4,70 4,87 PV [ 4,95 5,51 < PV [ 5,60 5,92 < PV [ 6,00 6,45 < PV [ 6,53

Low susceptibility
4,53 < PV [ 4,61 4,78 < PV [ 4,87 5,43 < PV [ 5,51 5,83 < PV [ 5,92 6,36 < PV [ 6,53

No susceptibility
PV [ 4,53 PV [ 4,78 PV [ 5,43 PV [ 5,83 PV [ 6,36

Carbon steel C-0,5Mo (annealed) C-0,5Mo (normalised) 1,25Cr0,5Mo 2,25Cr-1Mo

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Susceptibility to HTHA: C - 0,5Mo steel (annealed) Reactor inlet (Hydrogen partial pressure = 35 bar)
360.0 350.0 340.0 330.0 Temperature (C) 320.0 310.0 300.0 290.0 280.0 270.0 260.0 0 5 10 15 20 Plant Age (years) High Suceptibility Medium Susceptibility Low Susceptibility Current plant age 25 30 35 40

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Susceptibility to HTHA: C - 0,5Mo steel (normalised) Reactor Inlet (Hydrogen partial pressure = 35 bar)
460.0 450.0 440.0 430.0 Temperature (C) 420.0 410.0 400.0 390.0 380.0 370.0 360.0 0 5 10 15 20 Plant Age (years) High Susceptibility Medium Susceptibility Low Susceptibility Current plant age 25 30 35 40

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Susceptibility to HTHA: C - 0,5Mo steel (annealed) Reactor Outlet (Hydrogen partial pressure = 20 bar)
380.0 370.0 360.0 350.0 Temperature (C) 340.0 330.0 320.0 310.0 300.0 290.0 280.0 0 5 10 15 20 Plant Age (years) High Susceptibility Medium Susceptibility Low Susceptibility Current plant age 25 30 35 40

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Susceptibility to HTHA: C - 0,5Mo steel (normalised) Reactor Outlet (Hydrogen partial pressure = 20 bar)
500.0 490.0 480.0 470.0 Temperature (C) 460.0 450.0 440.0 430.0 420.0 410.0 400.0 0 5 10 15 20 Plant Age (years) High Susceptibility Medium Susceptibility Low Susceptibility Current plant age 25 30 35 40

Case study:
C-0,5Mo in high temperature H2
Conclusions Uncertaincies about metallurgical condition Annealed vs normalised Piping systems: unlikely to be normalised Reactor inlet Restrict temperature to 275C @ pH2 = 35 bar Low susceptibility Reactor outlet Restrict temperature to 315C @ pH2 = 20 bar Low susceptibility Change of materials (1,25Cr-0,5Mo) if higher temperatures are required

Appendix 9 Naphtenic acid corrosion Studies at Eni Technologie Roberto Riva Eni

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 9 March 2004

Naphthenic acid corrosion of 9%Cr 1%Mo steel

Roberto Riva, Giovanna Gabetta, Marino Tolomio, Pietro Bruni
San Donato Milanese, 9 March 2004

Background
Opportunity crude oils are cheap, but potentially corrosive because they may contain naphthenic acids and a high concentration of sulphur. Chemical analysis alone cannot predict their corrosivity; still, the total acid number (TAN) and the content of sulphur are key parameters. There is a subtle interaction between naphthenic acids and sulphur, which can be described by a simple model. At 1) 2) 3) a fixed concentration of naphthenic acids the model predicts naphthenic acid corrosion at low S content inhibition of naphthenic acid corrosion at intermediate S content sulphidic corrosion at high S content.

Aims of the experimental work of Enitecnologie

Testing the model that describes the interaction between naphthenic acids and sulphur. Developing a laboratory test capable of predicting the corrosivity of opportunity crudes, which could become a planning tool for refineries. We focus on furnace tubes.

Experimental procedure
Rotating specimen (9% Cr, 1% Mo) in a sealed autoclave at 340C. Two kinds of oil: 1) Ural crude oil (1.5% wt sulphur, TAN=0.2) 2) lubricant base oil (3.8ppm wt sulphur, TAN=0.16). Acidity is increased through addition of a mixture of synthetic naphthenic acids (Fluka 70340, average molecular weight 230). Evaluation of the rate of corrosion through weight loss after cleaning. Evaluation of the weight of corrosion product deposited on the surface of the metal: difference between weight after test and after cleaning.

Equal concentration of naphthenic acids (TAN=4.9), but different sulphur content

High content of sulphur

Low content of sulphur

Reportedly, a different appearance corresponds to the attack of either corrosive agent: - Sulphidic corrosion leads to the formation of sulphidic corrosion scales. - No surface corrosion products after naphthenic acid corrosion.

Weight of corrosion products

High sulphur content Average weight of corrosion products (9 tests with various TAN values) 7.8 mg/cm2
corrosion rate (mm/year)

Low sulphur content Average weight of corrosion products (5 tests with various TAN values) 1.1 mg/cm2

Corrosion rate
1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 0 5 10 15 20 total acid number (mg KOH/g oil)
High sulphur (Ural) low sulphur (DW05) Poli. (low sulphur (DW05))

Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Index (NACI) Craig H.L., 1995

NACI = [corrosion rate (mpy)]/[weight of corrosion product (mg/cm2)] NACI TYPE OF CORROSION < 10 sulphidation or, perhaps, oxidation 10 to 100 moderate naphthenic attack, perhaps inhibited by sulphidation > 100 severe naphthenic attack

NACI index
50,00 40,00 NACI index 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 0 5 10 15 20 total acid number (mgKOH/g oil) Ural (high sulphur content) DW05 (low sulphur content) Poli. (DW05 (low sulphur content))

Threshold of naphthenic acid corrosion

Discussion of the experimental results

The experimental results are roughly in agreement with the model given in the literature for the interaction between sulphur and naphthenic acids. For example: - High sulphur content and TAN=10 lead to sulphidic corrosion - Low sulphur content and TAN=10 lead to naphthenic acid corrosion. BUT A very high concentration of naphthenic acids (TAN 10) is necessary for the naphthenic acid corrosion to start. In contrast, far lower concentrations can give rise to naphthenic acid corrosion in refinery plants.

Pitfalls of sealed autoclave tests

The pressure reached in sealed autoclave tests is probably too high (20 to 30 bar). The compounds containing sulphur decompose gradually during the test, the concentration of dissolved H2S rises consequently and appears to favour sulphidic corrosion.

Conclusions
The experiments have confirmed the interaction between sulphur and naphthenic acids. The results are roughly in agreement with the model given in the literature. Very high concentrations of naphthenic acids (TAN 10) were required for the onset naphthenic acid corrosion. Such behaviour is surprising even for 9% Cr-1% Mo steel, which is quite resistant to naphthenic acids . Far lower concentrations (TAN 0.5) are potentially corrosive in refinery plants. The experimental set-up probably needs modifying, if plant conditions are to be reproduced.

Alternative autoclave tests

According to the literature, a closer agreement between laboratory tests and plant experience could be obtained with either of the following pieces of equipment: Pressure relief valve and condenser: at 3 to 7 bar and three days exposure corrosion rates are much closer to those experienced on refinery plants. (Kane & Cayard, 1998) Refreshed rotating cylinder apparatus: low fluid consumption ( 10 litres per 24 hours), high pressure (69 bar) (Pritchard A.M. et al., 2001).

Appendix 10 Naphtenic acid corrosion A neural network approach S. Trasatti University of Milan

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 9 March 2004

Naphtenic acid corrosion: a neural network approach

Dip.to di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Universit di Milano Via C.Golgi 19 - 20133 Milano

Stefano P. Trasatti, Francesco Mazza

EFC meeting 2004 - Enitecnologie 8/9 March 2004

Neural Network
Mathematical model simulating neuronal activity of the human brain. Its an Artificial Intelligence System enables us to embed structured human knowledge into workable algorithms. NN learns the weights of the correlation between input and output data apparently not connected by any model (training step)

Target: to predict output from input not used in the training step and to obtain information on the involved mechanism

Neural network structure:

Multilayer Perceptron

Transfer functions typically used by NN nodes and neurons

Neural Network features

Advantages Adaptability to phenomena which are changing High level og robustness (tolerance limit) Non-linear calculation tool Limitations Close box tool (no mechanistic understanding of the process being modelled) High number of data for training step Data filtering and codification

Neural Network applications

Recognition of characters and images Analysis of spectra (Raman, NMR, IR, etc.) Petrochemical industry (rock properties, well productivity, seismic images) Noise filtering Chemical process optimization (recognition offailure cases) Loan calculation (banks) Medical diagnosis (electroencephalogram analysis)

Applications of NNs to corrosion (1)

H.Smets, W.F.L.Bogaerts NNs to predict the SCC of 304ss in near-neutral solutions as a function of Cl-, O2 and T Urquidi-Macdonald et al. NN for predicting the number and depth of pits in heat exchangers D.C.Silverman, E.M.Rosen NN combined with an expert system to predict the type of corrosion from polarization curves S.P.Trasatti and F.Mazza NN to study the initiation and propagation step in crevice corrosion of SS and related alloys in near neutral chloride containing media

Applications of NNs to corrosion (2)

Ramamurthy et al. NN to analyse impedance data for automobile paint finishes subjected to stone impacts S.Nesic, M.Vrhovac NN to predict corrosion of steel in CO2-containing solutions A.Turnbull et al. NNs to predict SSCC of Duplex ss T.F.Barton et al. NN to identify pitting and revice spectra in electrochemical noise

Naphtenic acid corrosion

Fe + 2RCOOH = Fe(RCOO)2 + H2 Fe + H2S = FeS + H2 Fe(RCOO)2 + H2S = FeS + 2 RCOOH

TAN Flow Rate Temperature %S Crude oil type Two phase flow Metallurgy

T (F) 70 330 70 600 400 455 455 375 400 560 560 560 450 500 500 560 500 662 550 550 698 698

P (atm) 1 40 1 40 1 1 1 1 1 6,9 20 5,5 1 1 1 1 1 69 1 1 1 1

Flow rate (m/s) 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0 0 0 0 0 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0 0,1 0 0 6 7 7 3 3

Exposure Time (h) 210 152 210 66 120 82 82 164 120 82 65 93 74 48 6 48 48 24 24,5 28 72 72

TAN 1 1 1 1 18,1 9 17,7 46,1 8,85 13,2 23,1 8,2 29,2 0,74 4,5 20 20 2,9 7,2 7,2 2,35 2,35

%S 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0 0 0 0,4 0,4 0,4 1,1 1,1

%Cr 12,43 12,43 0,03 0,03 7,09 7,09 7,09 9,03 9,03 9,03 9,03 17,46 18,59 0,03 0,03 0,03 17,4 0,25 0,03 0,03 1,5 18,7

%Mo 0 0 0,01 0,01 0,58 0,58 0,58 1,08 1,08 1,08 1,08 2,02 0,18 0,01 0,01 0,01 2,06 0,2 0,01 0,01 0,45 3,13

Corr.Rate (mpy) 0,7 2,6 0,6 9,4 15,4 24,4 42,2 9,2 19,4 35 159 0,3 1,2 3,3 46 320,6 1,8 13,4 425 262 27 2

Variables
Parameter Min . Temperature (F) Pressure (atm) Flow Rate (m/s) Exposure Time (hours) TAN S_% Cr_% Mo_% Corrosion Rate (mpy) 70 1 0 6 0 0 0.01 0 0 725 69 7 768 46.1 4.17 20 4.64 425 Process Process Process Process Crude oil Crude oil Plant Plant Process Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Input Output Max. Variable type use

Dis tribuzione de lle fre que nze de lla variabile "Te m pe ratura" 45 Frequenza dei campioni [%] Frequenza dei campioni [%] 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 Clas s i di te m pe ratura [F] 640 720 800 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.7 0.5 16.8 11.4 27.0 38.1

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Dis tribuzione de lle freque nze de lla variabile "Exposure Tim e" 76.7

21.3

1.0 100 200 300

0.5 400

0.0 500

0.0 600

0.0 700

0.5 800

Clas s i Expos ure Tim e [h] Dis tribuzione delle fre que nze de lla variabile "Flow Rate " 100 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 Clas s i di Flow Rate [m /s e c]
Distribuzione delle frequenze della variabile "Corrosion Rate"

Dis tribuzione de lle fre que nze de lla variabile "Pre ss ione " 100 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 40 60 Clas si Pres s ione [Atm ] 80 7.4 0.0 3.2 89.4

88.6

0.2

6.4

0.2

3.2

1.2

90 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

78.5

9.9

6.2

2.7 180

1.2 225

0.5 270

0.2 315

0.5 360

0.0 405

0.2 450

45

90

135

Classi di Corrosion Rate [m py]

Data distribution (%)

Distribuzione delle frequenze del "Zolfo in percentuale" 100 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.45 0.9 1.35 1.8 2.25 2.7 3.15 Classi di Zolfo [%] 3.6 4.05 4.5 1.2 4.2 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.2 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 90.6 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 8 16 24 32 Classi di TAN 40 48 17.6 13.6 11.1 8.4 43.1 Distribuzione delle frequenze della variabile "TAN"

6.2

Distribuzione delle frequenze del "Crom o in percentuale" 50 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 Classi di Crom o [%] 15 17.5 20 1.2 5.0 7.2 0.0 12.1 12.6 17.1 44.8 Frequenza dei campioni [%] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Distribuzione delle frequenze del "Molibdeno in percentuale"

68.6

6.2

7.2 0.0

11.9 0.0 2.25 2.7 2.7 3.15 2.0 3.6 0.0 4.05 0.7 4.5

0.45

0.9

1.35

1.8

Classi di Molidbeno [%]

Normalizing range

Parameter
Temperature (F) Pressure (atm) FlowRate (m/s) Exposure Time (hours) TAN %S %Cr %Mo

Input min.
390 1 0.09 6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1

Input max.
750 69 7 150 47 4.1 18 4.4

Output min.
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Output max.
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Corr.Rate (mpy)

425

0.1

0.9

Main component analysis

Variable
TAN

Ranking in input record

5

Value
7.433

%
22.66

Sum%
22.66

Press

5.168

15.76

38.42

Temp

4.471

13.63

52.06

ExpTime

4.421

13.48

65.54

FloRate

3.364

10.26

75.79

Mo_Perc

3.327

10.14

85.94

Cr_Perc

2.792

8.513

94.45

S_Perc

1.820

5.548

100

NN for all materials

Corrosion R [mpy] ate 450 400 Cor r os io n Rate [m py] 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 10 19 28 37 46 55 64 73 82 91 100 109 118 127 136 145 154 163 172 181 190 199 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 E xperimental 1 100 t_C orrSpeed C orrSpeed Calcu late d 300 400
2 R = 0.63

Corrosion R [mpy] ate 500

200

Sample number

Input layer Hidden layer 1 Hidden layer 2 Output layer

8 9 3 1

NN for Carbon Steel

C orros R [mpy] ion ate
450 400 Cor r os io n Rate [m p y] 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 106 111 116 0 0 100 200 E xperimental 300 400 t_C orrSpeed C orrSpeed Calcu late d 200 300 400
2 R = 0.76

Corrosion R [mpy] ate

100

Sample nuimber

Input layer Hidden layer 1 Hidden layer 2 Output layer

8 9 5 1

NN for Stainless Steel

Corrosion R [mpy] ate 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 S ample nuimber t_C peed orrS C peed orrS

C orrosionR [m y] ate p

300

Cor r os ion Rate [m p y]

Ca lculated

200
2 R = 0.58

100

0 0 100 200 300

E xperim ental

Input layer Hidden layer 1 Hidden layer 2 Output layer

8 7 3 1

Validation step
C s R [m y] orro ion ate p
450 400 Corrosion Rate [mpy] 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 106 S ple num am ber 0 0 100 200 E xperim ental 300 400 t_C peed orrS C peed orrS 300 Calculated
2 R =0.68

C rros nR [m y] o io ate p
400

200

100

Input layer Hidden layer 1 Hidden layer 2 Output layer

8 9 5 1

Validation step
80 C o rro s io n R a t e ( m p y ) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 TAN
Temp. (F ) 400-650 Press. (atm) 1,00 FlowRate (m/s) 0,00 ExpTime (hours) 48,00 TAN da 2,00 a 10,00 %S 0,10 %Cr 0,03 %Mo 0,01

10

11

Validation Step
Temp. (F ) 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 644.0 Press. (at m) 19.0 22.0 20.0 28.0 18.0 18.0 25.0 16.0 37.0 18.0 16.0 19.0 25.0 20.0 FlowRate (m/s) Exp.Time (ore) TAN %S %Cr %Mo Corr.Rate (mpy) Corr.Rate predetta 3.2 3.2 3.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 228.0 72.0 84.0 108.0 96.0 108.0 104.0 180.0 163.0 108.0 168.0 168.0 168.0 168.0 1.2 1.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 10 9.8 5.4 5.4 9.9 14.8 14.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7.5 24.4 29.5 36.6 21.6 19.7 37.4 15.3 26.4 3.9 2.4 13 40.5 35.4 20.13 26.07 45.84 21.73 33.93 31.86 25.08 50.33 26.45 34.05 29.73 46.13 61.55 57.4

Appendix 11

Nace Italia 2004 Conference

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 9 March 2004

The NACE Italy , section of NACE INTERNATIONAL, organizes on the occasion of the recognition in Genoa what capital European of the culture 2004, his 2 ^ annual conference. How custom, such conference is established to introduce, to discuss, to divulge, the connected problems to the technology of the corrosion. The involvement of peoples that work with prevention and control of the corrosion is combined to the exhibition of products and services from the working Societies in the sector. The papers interest all the sectors of the technology of the corrosion involving her thematic to it correlated (Research, Corrosion, Corrosion Control, Coating, Cathodic Protection, NDE, Metallurgy, Materials and Services). Continuous evolution of technology calls us to give an exhaustive contribution : scientific, university, production and commercial, without forgetting the normative and institutional aspects. The partecipation to the Conference becomes essential factor knowledge for deepened of this technology and remains the principal way to update the technicians that operated, to varied levels, in the different areas of the industry. The Firms that present products and/or services have the possibility to intend and to introduce theirs last novelties in technological terms, doing grow the market and contributing so to an effectiveness cultural popularization.

Italia Section

presents

CORROSION 2004 - ITALIA

Genoa Jolly Hotel Marina - Porto Antico November 25 26, 2004

CALL FOR PAPER

AND

with sponsorship of

ISTITUTO ITALIANO della SALDATURA

Final papers can be even as extended abstract

Organizing Committee
Chairman Nace Italia Carmelo Aiello Eni Group Raffineria di Gela Gela (CL) Tel: 0933 842485 Email: carmelo.aiello@eni.it Treasurer Mario Celant Pipeteam Via Resistenza 2 20070 - Vizzolo Predabissi (MI) Tel: +39 (0)2 98232820 Email: mario.celant@pipeteam.com Vice-Chairman Alberto Lauro Istituto Italiano della Saldatura Lungobisagno Istria, 15 16141 Genova Tel: 010 8341354 E-mail: alberto.lauro@iis.it

Abstracts deadline : May 31, 2004 Papers deadline : September 30, 2004 The language is italian but the oral presentation can be in english. The abstracts, extended abstracts and complete papers must be in .doc format and sent it at under following addresses so like the Firms that want presented them products or services. Istituto Italiano della Saldatura Lungobisagno Istria 15 16141 Genova Alberto Lauro Tel. 010 / 8341354 Fax 010 / 8341353 e-mail : alberto.lauro@iis.it Franco Lezzi Tel. 010 / 8341372 Fax 010 / 8367780 e-mail : franco.lezzi@iis.it

Secretary Massimo Cornago ENI E & P Via Emilia, 1 20097 S. Donato Milanese (MI) Tel: 02 52063405 EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 9 March 2004 Minutes of E-mail: massimo.cornago@agip.it