EXPERIMENT 3: ACID-BASE TITRATION DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION SESSION :1 (2011)

DATE: 23.6.2011 LECTURER: MISS TEH KAI LI NAME: MOHD FAZNYNELL BIN IDRIS MATRIC NO: MS1113508370 PRACTICUM : K5P3

EXPERIMENT 3:ACID-BASE TITRATION:DETERMINATION OF THE CONSENTRATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION OBJECTIVE : 1. 2. 3. 4. To prepare the standard solution of oxalic acid To standardise 0.2 M NaOH solution To determine the concentration of HCL solution To acquire the correct techniques of titration

INTRODUCTION Titration is the technique used to determine the concentration of a solution using another solution with a known concentration. Standards in acid-base titrations One solutions involved in titration is used as standard solution. The standard solution can be classified either primary or secondary. Primary standard solution is prepared by dissolving an accurately weighed pure solid known molar mass in a known volume of distilled water. Primary standard used to determine molarity of other standard solution, known as secondary standard. Solution of NaOH and HCL used in titration need to be standardized because they contain impurities. Solid NaOH is hygroscopic(it absorbs moisture). Thus, is difficult to obtain its accurate mass. The standardized base can then be used to determine the concentration of other acids. Equivalence point and end point An equivalence point is point which exact reaction occurs between the two reagents according to the stoichiometry. To detect this wquivalence point, an indicator is used. The point at which the indicator changes colour is called end point. The end point and equivalence point should ideally be the same.

Chamical equations In this acid-base titration, the neutralization reactions involved are :

   + 2NaOH(aq)  + NaOH (aq)

PROCEDURE :

   (aq) + 2 O(l) (1) NaCl(aq) +  O(l) (2)

(A) Preparation of standard solution 1. The exact mass, 3.25g of hydrated oxalic acid,    .2 O was weight and the reading was recorded. 2. The acid was placed in 50 mL beaker. 30 mL of distilled water was added to dissolve the solid. 3. The solution was transferred into 250 mL volumetric flask.The beaker was rinsed abd pour the content into the flask. The distilled water was added up to the graduated mark of the volumetric flask. 4. The stopper was replace and the flask was shaked to obtain a homogeneous solution. 5. The concentration of the standard oxalic acid solution was calculated.

(B) Standardisation of 0.2 M NaOH solution 1. Burette was rinsed with given NaOH solution to be standardized. 2. The burette was filled with NaOH solution. Ensure there are has no air bubbles trapped at the tip. 3. The initial burette reading was recorded to two decimal places. 4. 25 mL of oxalic acid solution from Part (A) was pipette into 250 mL conical flask. 2 drops of phenolphthalein was added into the oxalic acid solution. 5. White tile was placed underneath the flask so that any colour change can be clearly observed. 6. The acid with NaOH solution from the burette was titrated. During the titration, swirl the flask continuously. 7. The temporary pink solution appears but fades when the solution was swirled. So continue titrating until a pale pink colour persists for more than 30 seconds. This is the end point. 8. The final burette reading was recorded to two decimal places. 9. The titration was repeated three times. 10. The molarity of the NaOH solution was calculated.

(C) Determination of the molar concentration of HCl solution 1. 2. 3. 4. 25 mL of given HCl solution was pipette into 250 mL conical flask. Two drops of phenolphthalein was added. Steps 5-9 was repeated. The concentration of HCl was calculated.

RESULT :

(A) Preparation of standard oxalic acid solution i. ii. Exast mass of hydrated oxalic acid = 3.2501 Moles of hydrated oxalic acid

= =
0.0258 mol

iii.

Molarity of oxalic acid

=0.1032 M
(B) Standardisation of 0.2 M NaOH solution Burette reading Gross I. (mL) Final reading 17.00 82.60 Initial reading 0.00 17.00 Volume of NaOH 17.00 15.60 used II. 50.00 32.60 17.40 III. 19.50 0.00 19.50

Average volume of NaOH used = =0.0175 L Calculate molarity of NaOH solution 2NaOH +       + 2 O

=
Molarity = 0.295 M of NaOH

(C) Determination of the molar concentration of HCl solution Burette reading (mL) Final reading Initial reading Volume of NaOH used Gross 16.50 0.00 16.50 I. 17.50 0.00 17.50 II. 18.50 0.00 18.50 III. 16.50 0.00 16.50

Average volume of NaOH used = = 0.0175 L Calculate molarity of HCl solution : NaOH + HCl NaCl +  O

=
Molarity = 0.295 M of HCl

DISCUSSION 1. Based from this experiment, the molarity of NaOH is 1.781M compared to actual molarity of given NaOH which is 0.2M. The result was not precise as given molarity due to several incorrect techniques in handling the laboratory apparatus or errors had occurred during this experiment. The error may occur during taking a reading of burette. Other than that, the amount of NaOH titrated into a conical flask was overspill. In addition, the sensitivity of the analytical balance used was weak. Furthermore, the amount of pipette HCl and oxalic acid could be less or more than 25mL, the needed volume.

2. The way to reduce the errors during the experiment are read the burette reading correctly, titrate the amount of NaOH solution carefully into the conical flask, before weight the mass of hydrated oxalic acid, make sure the beaker does not contain any vapour. If the vapour inside the beaker, clean it first by using tissue paper the weight the oxalic acid correctly. Besides that, make sure the analytical balance does not have any error. Lastly, pipette the amount of HCl and oxalic accurately which is 25mL. Conclusion : a) The standard solution of oxalic acid can be prepared by conducting this experiment.

b) The 0.2M of given NaOH solution was standardised in this experiment. c) The concentration of HCl solution was determined in the third part of this experiment. d) The correct techniques of titration was applied in this experiment.