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Lecture No. 15
REACTORS IN SERIES
Reactors in Series
reactors are connected together so that the exit stream of one reactor is the feed stream for another reactor. Consider, FA1 , x A1 FA0 V1 xA = 0
FA0 xA = 0
V1
FA1 , x A1 V2
FA2 , x A2
Considering the individual reactors above, Reactor 1: Reactor 2: Reactor 3: FA1 = FA0 - FA0 xA1 FA2 = FA0 - FA0 xA2 FA3 = FA0 - FA0 xA3
V3 FA2 , x A2 FA3 , x A3 Consider the CSTR: Entering Molar Exit Molar Rate of - rate of A + generation of = 0 rate of A A FA1 FA2 rA2V2 Rearranging, or
Illustrative Problems:
Consider the isothermal, gaseous decomposition reaction: A 3B At T = 149 C, PT = 10 atm. Initial Charge: equimolar mixture of A and inerts Data: xA
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.85 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0033 0.0025 0.0018 0.00125 0.00100 189 192 200 222 250 303 400 556 800 1000
Plotting
vs. xA :
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
0. 3
0. 5
0. 6
xA
0. 8 0. 85
0. 4
0. 1
0. 2
0. 7
Prob.1]
For substance A, calculate the entering concentration, CA0 , and the entering molar flow rate, FA0. The gas mixture, which consists of 50% A and 50% inerts at 10 atm, enters the reactor with a flow rate of 6 lit/s at 149 C. The ideal gas constant is 0.08205 lit-atm/mol-K.
Prob.2]
Using the data for the given reaction, for the two CSTRs in series, 40% conversion is achieved in the first reactor. What is the total volume of the two reactors necessary for 80% overall conversion of the species A entering reactor 1? Solution: F
A0
V1
V2
but
but
then
Prob. 3] Using either data in the previous problem, calculate the reactor volumes V1 and V2 for the plug-flow sequence shown below when the intermediate conversion is 40% and the final conversion is 80%. The entering molar flow rate is the same as in the previous examples, 0.867 mol/s. VCSTR2 Solution: FA0 xA = 0
V1
VCSTR1
0. 3 0. 5 0. 6
xA
xA = 0.4 FA1
0. 8 0. 85
0. 4
0. 1
0. 2
0. 7
V3
0.4
0.60
See DATA
0.20
= 71. 5 lit
N = 4, x A = 0.20
0.20
0.40
0.60
See DATA
V1 VT = 224. 5 lit
V2 xA1 xA2 xA
V xA xA
For PFRs in series: For a single PFR: Prob. 4] Calculate the individual reactor volume as well as the total reactor volume for each scheme below for the data given earlier when the intermediate conversion is 50% and a final conversion of 0.8 and FA0 = 0. 866 mol/s Scheme A: V1 FA0 xA = 0.5 xA = 0
V3
V1 V V2 xA1 x xA A2 Therefore,
xA
xA = 0.5
V3
Solution: Scheme A:
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Design Equation for the PFR: Applying Simpsons Rule with x A = 0.25:
VCSTR VPFR
0. 3 0. 5 0. 6
0
xA
0. 8 0. 85 0. 4 0. 7
0.25
0.50
0. 1
0. 2
VCSTR= 207.84 lit VT = VPFR + VCSTR= 96.4 +207.84 = 304.24 liters Scheme B: Try this! V1= 96.4 lit V2= 130.03 lit VT = V1 + V2= 96.4 + 130.03 = 226.43 liters