VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 06BT-44 BLOW UP SYLLABUS PART A To be covered Reference Chromosome theory of inheritance by W S PKGupta

a 366-367 Sutton and T.Boveri.. Difference between gene and chromosome. Non disjunction of sex chromosomes in drosophila C B Bridges expt and Definition of a gene, prokaryotic genome Miglani 219-220, 184and eukaryotic genome. Types of genes. 201 Genes by Lewin Central dogma and its reversal, RNA self Miglani 249-250 replication, updated central dogma, DNA Miglani 245-246 involvement in translation. One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis. Physical and chemical nature of DNA A, B Voet & Voet 726-730 and Z forms Friefelder 79-82 Physical and chemical nature of RNA Voet & Voet 54-55 mRNA, rRNA and tRNA F334, 341, 379383,416-419 Miglani 262 General features, semi-conservative DNA PKG 516-517 replication in E.coli, Meselson and Stahls experiment. http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DNA_polymerase PKGupta 522 - 524 Turner 71 75

Lecture 1

Heading Unit 1 Introduction Chromosomal theory of heredity Genes and their location Information flow in biological systems Structures and forms of nucleic acids

6-7

Unit 2 Replication Replication of DNA Structure and Prokaryotic DNA polymerases - Pol I, II and function of DNA III, polymerases DNA Ligase and DNA Gyrase and other enzymes involved in DNA replication Replicons, origins and termini, semi discontinous replication, RNA Priming Mechanism of Bacterial DNA replication, initiation, unwinding, elongation, termination and rolling circle mode of replication Comparision of properties of DNA polymerases in E.coli

Turner 76-79 PKGupta 527 - 533 Friefelder 227-229 PKGupta 522

Lecture 8-9

Heading Mechanism of DNA replication in Eukaryotes

10-11

DNA damage &

To be covered Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases Eukaryotic DNA replication, multiple replication forks, initiation, elongation & termination, Replication of chromatin. Replication of telomeres. DNA damage-introduction & types of

Reference Benjamin Lewin 471492 Turner74-75 Friefelder: 271 - 275 PKGupta 534-537 Benjamin Lewin:515-

Repair

12-13

Unit 3: Transcription Bacterial RNA polymerase, structure and function of RNA polymerases Euaryotic RNA polymerases, Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription factors, Post transcriptional processing, transcription inhibitors. Unit 4: Translation Mechanism of translation, activation of amino acid Initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis

damage; DNA repair introduction, types- Photoreactivation, mismatch repair, excision repair, recombination repair & SOS repair Transcription-introduction. Concept of sense and anti sense strands. Structure and function of bacterial RNA polymerase, sigma factor cycle. Transcription initiation, elongation, termintion (rho dependent and rho independent).

518; 525 Friefelder:277-292, Turner :84-86 Lehninger:979-990 Friefelder : 318,319,332 Voet & Voet: 814-817 PKGupta 605

14-16

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases-I, II and Voet & Voet: 823-827 III functions & their promoters. Friefelder 346-349 Steps in transcription-initiation, elongation & termination (Pol II only) Difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription, Transcription factors.

17-18

Post-transcriptional modification of Lehninger:992-993;995 mRNA-capping, polyadenylation, Friefelder 352-358 splicing- excision of introns & splicing of Baltimore:410-420 exons (All three methods). Transcription inhibitors. Translation- introduction, definition, steps-activation of amino acid, Initiation, elongation & termination (Prokaryotes) Friefelder 383-385 Miglani: 290 -292

19 & 20

21

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes

Friefelder 430 435,444 Miglani 293-304

Lecture 22

23-24

Heading Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis, Protein targeting, protein splicing. Post translational

To be covered Differences in pro- & eukaryotic protein synthesis

Reference Friefelder 445-446

Protein targeting, Protein splicing-posttranslational modification of proteins (acetylation, phosphorylation etc.)

Miglani 300-304 Lehninger:1053-1054

25

modification Genetic code & codon usage Inhibitors of translation.

Genetic Code, Nature of genetic code Wobble hypothesis, Codon & anticodon Inhibitors of translation

26

Miglani 263-267 Voet & Voet 845 -850 Friefelder 369-378 Voet & Voet 882 -883 Friefelder 441-444

PART B 27-28 Unit 5 Gene expression in prokaryotes Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, positive versus negative regulation. Operon model, gal, lac, trp Operons Unit 6 Gene expression in eukaryotes Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression, Regulation of gene expression, meaning, need, types in prokaryotes & eukaryotes- +ve Vs. ve regulation; induction and repression, operons, cistrons. Terms like repressible, inducible, derepression Lehninger:1085-1090 Voet & Voet 453-455 801-806 Friefelder:456459;473476;480-483 Gardner: 392-393

29-33

34-35

Operon model, Lac, trp (both methods) and gal operon, catabolite repression, mutation in lac operon Gene regulation in eukaryotes, transcriptional control, chromatin structure-acetylation & deacetylation of histone proteins, transactivators enhancers & silencers DNA methylation, transcriptional factors- HTH, LZ, ZF

Friefelder:179-186 Gardner: 392-406 Lehninger:1072-1084 Friefelder : 351-352; 531-534 Miglani 333-340 Voet & Voet 910-919

Lecture 36-38

Heading Transcriptional control

To be covered mRNA processing control, control at protein level-feed-back inhibition, allosteric control, control by modification

Reference Miglani 340-343 Friefelder: 351-352; 535-538 540-544 Voet & Voet:921-922 Voet & Voet 922-928 Miglani 506 Gardner 413-424

39-40

Homeobox in the control of developments in insects and vertebrates. Unit 7 Genetic recombination Genetic recombination in

41-42

Homeobox in control of development of insects & vertebrates: introduction, features of homeotic genes, homeo box, homeodomain, example of Drosophila antennapedia mutation, features of homeobox in vertebrates Introduction, types of recombinationbacterial transformation, transduction generalized and specialized transduction conjugation, mechanism of general recombination-Robin Holliday model.

Voet & Voet 801 -806 Gardner 206-220 Friefelder: 661-666

43-44

bacteria and viruses, site specific recombination Transposons and insertion sequences Retroviruses .

45-46

47-48

49-50

Unit 8 Mutation & Gene mapping Mutation, Role of recombination and transposition in evolution; techniques Gene mapping Oncogenes.

Insertion sequences & transposons, introduction to structure & differences. Mechanism of transposition in eukaryotes, briefly discuss Is5, Tn10 Retroviruses-Introduction, reverse transcriptase, properties of RSV virion RNA, Retroposons-introduction, origin, mechanism of retrotransposition. Cancer and retroviruses. Mutation definition, classification, types of mutagens chemical and physical mutagens of mutation, mechanisms of mutation, transposition in evolution.

Friefelder 679- 704 Voet & Voet: 806 809 Gardner 231-245 Friefelder 754 -762, 787-788, 702-704

Miglani 89-140 Friefelder 293-313 Gardner 289- 290 297-312

51-52

Gene mapping-location of genes through linkage mapping, conjugation mapping. Oncogenes-Introduction, activation of protooncogenes v-onc & src-onc, oncogene expressed proteins

Cell Biology by Rastogi Friefelder126-127 Miglani: 460-470 Friefelder 779-880 Gardner: 470-484

REVISED SYLLABUS (Oct.2007) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 06BT-44 Model Paper 1 Time: 3 hours Max. Marks:100 Answer any five full questions considering at least two from each part PART A 1. a) What is biological information? State the central dogma and give an account of deviations of central dogma with examples. (10) b) Define DNA. What are the features physiological form of DNA? (05) c) Compare essential features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. (05) 2. a) Describe the process of prokaryotic DNA replication. (10) b) Give an account of Meselsen and Stahls experiment proving semi conservative method of replication of DNA. (05) c) Indicate the factors involved in DNA damage. (05) 3. a) Elucidate the mechanism of transcription in eukaryotes. b) Give explanatory notes on Post-transcriptional modification. 4. a) Briefly describe the method of translation in bacteria. b) Outline the process of protein targeting in cells. c) Give a note on post-translational modification of proteins. (10) (10) (10) (05) (05)

PART B 5. a) Describe positive and negative control of lac operon. (10) b) Explain how gal operon is regulated. (05) c) Highlight the significance of repressor proteins in regulation of gene expression. (05) 6. a) What are the controlling factors involved in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. (10) b) Explain the role of homeobox in development of insects with suitable example. (10) 7. a) Describe transduction in bacteria. b) Brief on the structure and functions of insertion sequences. c) Explain the role of retroviruses in cancer. 8. a) Define mutation. Explain the types of mutations. b) Explain various strategies adopted in mapping of genes. (10) (05) (05) (10) (10)

REVISED SYLLABUS (Oct.2007) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 06BT-44 Model Paper 2 Time: 3 hours Max. Marks:100

Answer any five full questions considering at least two from each part PART A 1. a) Elucidate the structural features of DNA. b) Explain the classification and role of RNA. 2. a) Give an account of enzymology of DNA replication. b) Briefly explain various DNA repair mechanisms. (10) (10) (10) (10)

3. a) Describe the process of transcription in bacteria. (10) b) Give explanatory notes on: i) RNA splicing ii) Transcriptional inhibitors (10) 4. a) Briefly describe the method of translation in eukaryotes. (10) b) Give an account of types and mode of action of protein synthesis inhibitors.(10)

PART B 5. a) Describe how trp operon is regulated in bacterial cell.. b) Explain with examples the effect of mutations in lac operon, c) Highlight the features of genetic code. (10) (05) (05)

6. a) Explain the role of HTH, LZ, ZF motifs in regulation of gene expression.(10) b) With suitable examples explain the role of homeobox in development of vertebrates. (10) (10) 7. a) Describe the process of conjugation in bacteria. (10) b) Give the schematic representation of Holliday Model for general recombination. (05) c) Explain the mechanism of transposition in eukaryotes. (05) 8. a) What are mutagens? Briefly explain types of chemical mutagens with their mode of action. (10) b) Describe the factors involved in activation of proto-oncogenes. (10)