UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

Dhaka

Study of Amplitude Modulation (AM) and calculation of modulation index and SNR using Matlab.

Submitted to
Shihan Sajeed
School of CSE

UITS

Submitted by
MD. Ruhul Amin ID#08230005 EEE

Date of submission: 26 MAY 2010

Experiment No.

Name of the experiment

Date:

Study of Amplitude Modulation (AM) and calculation of modulation index and SNR using Matlab.

Objectives:
To study the AM (Amplitude Modulation) using the MATLAB.

Definition:
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent. For example, changes in the signal strength can be used to reflect the sounds to be reproduced by a speaker, or to specify the light intensity of television pixels. Contrast this with frequency modulation, also commonly used for sound transmissions, in which the frequency is varied. In the mid-1870s, a form of amplitude modulationinitially called "undulatory currents"was the first method to successfully produce quality audio over telephone lines. Beginning with Reginald Fessenden's audio demonstrations in 1906, it was also the original method used for audio radio transmissions, and remains in use today by many forms of communication"AM" is often used to refer to the medium wave broadcast band.

Role of the theory and functions:

If the carrier voltage, Vc =Vc sin t c

Fig: AM wave

And the modulating voltage, Vm =Vm sin t then m

Vm Vc And amplitude of the AM wave, A = Vc (1+ m sin m t )

Modulation index of modulated wave, m = The instantaneous voltage of the amplitude modulated wave,

mV mV V = Vc sin c t + c cos ( c m ) t c cos ( c + m ) t 2 2 mV c mVc cos ( c + m ) t is the upper sideband term & cos ( c m ) t is the lower Where, 2 2
sideband term.

Equipments:
A PC installed MATLAB

Procedures:
We apply the codes in the MATLAB.

%AM (Amplitude Modulation) A=1; Ac=1; Am=1; fc=40; fm=4; k=0.7; t=0:0.001:1; C=Ac*sin(2*pi*fc*t); subplot(3,1,1); plot(t,C); Xlabel('Time'); Ylabel('Amplitude'); title('Carrier Frequency'); m=Am*sin(2*pi*fm*t); subplot(3,1,2); plot(t,m); Xlabel('Time'); Ylabel('Amplitude'); title('Modulating Frequency'); y1=A*[C+k.*m.*C]; y1=A*[cos(2*pi*fc*t)+k.*m.*cos(2*pi*fc*t)]; subplot(3,1,3); plot(t,y1); Xlabel('Time'); Ylabel('Amplitude'); title('Modulated Frequency'); grid on;

In above codes, y1 is the AM wave. Then we note down the output and do necessary calculating.

C arrier Fre ency qu 1 0 .5 Amplitude 0 -0 .5 -1

0.1

0.2

0 .3

0.4

0.5 T e im M ulatin Freque od g ncy

0.6

0 .7

0.8

0.9

1 0 .5 Amplitude 0 -0 .5 -1

0.1

0.2

0 .3

0.4

0.5 T e im M la Frequ cy odu ted en

0.6

0 .7

0.8

0.9

2 1 Amplitude 0 -1 -2

0.1

0.2

0 .3

0.4

0.5 T e im

0.6

0 .7

0.8

0.9

Results:
Amplitude (V) Theoretical SL Am Ac A Amax Amin A Amplitude (V) Practical K (in Theory) K (Practical) Modulation in % of K Power Modulated Power

K=
1 1 0.5 0.6 0.85 0.897 0.32 1 1 0.96

Amax Amin Amax + Amin

Theory

Practical

Differenc e

pc =
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

1 2 1 2 2 pup Ac = 8 k Ac 2
0.125 0.125 0.03125 0.045 0.0903125 0.100576125 0.0128 0.125 0.125 0.1152

pL =
0.125 0.125 0.03125 0.045 0.0903125

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 2 1.5 1.6 1.8 5 2.2 1.3 2 2.3 2.1 5 1.9 6

0 0 0.5 0.4 0.1 5 0.1 2 0.6 8 0 0 0.0 4

6 3.915 2.953 3.146 3.626 4.299 2.607 3 4.491 3 4.202 9 3.837 7

1 1 0.5 0.6 0.85 1.2 0.32 1.3 1.15 0.96

100% 100% 50% 60% 85% 120% 32% 130% 115% 96%

100% 100% 50% 60% 85% 90% 32% 100% 100% 96%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 30% 0% 30% 15% 0%

1 2 2 k2 k pAc = mod 8 2 + k2
0.33 0.33 0.11 0.001011475 0.004061609 0.005032326 0.000081913 0.00 0.33 0.00659178

0.100576125 0.0128 0.125 0.125 0.1152

Comment:
By completing this experiment, now we know the characteristics of AM waves and calculations of its modulation index, power etc.

Book References: Digital Communications and Networking (3rd Edition) by Behrouz A. Forouzan & Sophia Chung
Fegan. Publisher: The McGraw-Hill Publishing Companies. Inc. Digital Signal Processing (4th Edition) by John G. Proakis & Dimitris G. Manolakis. Publisher: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Linear Systems and Signals (2nd Edition) by B. P. Lathi. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Communication Systems (4th Edition) by Simon Haykin. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Information, Transmission, Modulation and Noise (4th Edition) by Mischa Schwartz. Publisher: The McGraw-Hill Publishing Companies. Inc.

Web References: Google (www.google.com) Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) Encyclopdia Britannica (www.britannica.com) , msn Encarta Encyclopedia (http://encarta.msn.com)