For BSNL Mobile Customer Step 1: Register land-line number by sending SMS "REG space Landline Number prefixed

with STD code" to 52295 i.e.REG <STD code><Landline No> to 52295. Step 2:After obtaining SMS of sucessfully registration send SMS "BBU space Landline Number prefixed with STD code" to 52295 i.e.BBU<STD code><Landline No> to 52295 for obtaining BB Usage. For NON-BSNL Mobile Customer Step 1: Register land-line number by sending SMS "REG space Landline Number prefixed with STD code" to 919448077777 i.e.REG <STD code><Landline No> to 919448077777. Step 2:After obtaining SMS of sucessfully registration send SMS "BBU space Landline Number prefixed with STD code" to 919448077777 i.e.BBU<STD code><Landline No> to 919448077777 for obtaining BB Usage. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the oxygen used by microorganisms to decompose this waste.Nitrates and phosphates in a body of water can contribute to high BOD levels.

Total organic carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon bound in an organic compound and is often used as a non-specific indicator of water quality or cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment.A typical analysis for TOC measures both the total carbon present as well as the so called "inorganic carbon" (IC), the latter representing the content of dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonic acid salts. Subtracting the inorganic carbon from the total carbon yields TOC. The tapered aeration system is similar to the conventional activated sludge process. The major difference is in the arrangement of the diffusers. The diffusers are close together at the influent end where more oxygen is needed. Toward the other end of the aeration basin, the spacing of the diffusers is increased.
Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (mlvss)That portion of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) that will vaporize when heated to 600C (1,112F). This volatile fraction is mainly organic material and thus indicates the biomass present in the aeration tank. The material that does not vaporize in this test, mostly inorganic substances, is said to be fixed. Autoxidation is any oxidation that occurs in open air or in presence of oxygen and/or UV radiation and forms peroxides and hydroperoxides. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process where colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flakes. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. In the flocculated system there is no formation of a cake since all the flocs are in the suspension.

A bioreactor may refer to any device or system that supports a biologically active environment.[1] In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. These bioreactors are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from liters to cubic meters, and are often made of stainless steel.
thechemical oxygen demand (COD) test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water. Most applications of COD determine the amount of organicpollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and

rivers), making COD a useful measure of water quality. It is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L), which indicates the mass of oxygen consumed per liter of solution. Older references may express the units as parts per million (ppm).

A biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime (although not everything described as slime is a biofilm), is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces, and represent a prevalent mode of microbial life in natural, industrial and hospital settings.[1] The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. Microbes form a biofilm in response to many factors, which may include cellular recognition of specific or nonspecific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics.[2][3] When a cell switches to the biofilm mode of growth, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated.[4]
BIOREMDIATION: y Bioremediation is the use of microorganismal metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are bioventing, landfarming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and biostimulation. Bioaugmentation is the introduction of a group of natural microbial strains or a genetically engineered variant to treat contaminated soil or water. Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation. This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrients and electron acceptors, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon (e.g. in the form of molasses). Conversion of environmental pollutants into the harmless forms through the innate capabilities of naturally occurring microbial population is called intrinsic bioremediation. Bioventing: involves supplying air and nutrients through wells to contaminated soil to stimulate the indigenous bacteria. Biosparging: involves the injection of air under pressure below the water table to increase groundwater oxygen concentrations and enhance the rate of biological degradation of contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria. Bioaugmentation: involves practice of adding specialized microbes or their enzyme preparation to polluted matrices to accumulate transformation or stabilization of specific pollutants Landfarming: involves a simple technique in which contaminated soil is excavated and spread over a prepared bed and periodically tilled until pollutants are degraded. Composting o Traditional method to convert waste into household usable materials o involves combining contaminated soil with nonhazardous organic amendants such as manure or agricultural wastes. The presence of these organic materials supports the development of a rich microbial population and elevated temperature characteristic of composting. Soil banking

y y

y y y y y y

Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticideDDT, that occurs in a food chain as a consequence of:

Persistence (can't be broken down by environmental processes) Food chainenergetics Low (or nonexistent) rate of internal degradation/excretion of the substance (often due to waterinsolubility) LNAPL (Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid) - "An LNAPL is one of a group of organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water and are less dense than water. LNAPLs, such as oil, tend to spread across the surface of the water table and form a layer on top of the water table." DNAPL (Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid) - "A DNAPL is one of a group of organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water and more dense than water. DNAPLs tend to sink vertically through sand and gravel aquifers to the underlying layer. o o o

UASB: The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) process is the most applied method for the biological treatment of industrial effluents. Paques has been applying the BIOPAQ UASB technology for more than twenty years and has standardized the reactor into a modular system. Nearly four thousand BIOPAQ modules are operating world-wide, treating 1,760,000 m3 of effluent per day. One module has a capacity equivalent to about 1 ton COD/d e.g. 15-20 m3/hr and can be used to configure any UASB reactor size to meet specific layout and capacity requirements. BIOPAQ UASB technology is used to treat a large variety of industrial and municipal effluents, from food, beer and beverage to pulp & paper, chemical and municipal sewage. Advantages of the BIOPAQ UASB modular system worldwide availability corrosion-free design ten-year guarantee fully accessible for inspection and cleaning closed system no odor emissions limited reactor height Working principle The success of the BIOPAQ UASB reactor is based on the socalled three-phase separator, which enables the reactor to separate gas, water and sludge mixtures under high turbulence conditions. This allows for compact, cheaper designs.
The patented BIOPAQ UASB design has multiple gas hoods for the separation of biogas. As a result the extremely large gas/water interfaces greatly reduce turbulence, making relatively high loading rates of 10 15 kg/m3.d possible. Separation in the BIOPAQ UASB requires only 1.0 meter of height, which prevents flotation effects and, consequently, floating layers.