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One way to do this is to look at the modal participation factor, which can be obtained using the report command after a frequency analysis. If the sum of all the modal participation factors exceeds 90%, then the calculated dynamic response is likely to be accurate.
What is the modal participation factor? When a structure is vibrating, each mode participates in the vibration to some extent. The modal participation factor indicates how much each mode participates in the response and is calculated for translation in the x, y, and z directions, as well as for rotation around those axes. For instance, a given mode may have significant participation in the x direction, but have very little participation in the other directions. How many modes should be included? Theoretically, the sum of all the modal participation factors should be 100%. However, to reach 100%, an infinite number of modes is required. The more modes that are calculated, the closer the sum will be to 100%, but the computer time required to calculate these modes will be greater. Therefore, you want to calculate enough modes so that the sum of the modal participation in all six directions is over 90%. This normally ensures that the results are accurate without the computer time being excessive.
A good starting point is to determine the maximum frequency of loading and then to calculate the modes with natural frequencies up to 2-3 times the maximum loading frequency. You can then look at the list of modal participation factors to ensure that the sum on each direction is more than 90%.
The harmonic analysis of a stiffened panel from an aircraft subjected to white noise. This simulation investigates the response of the panel at frequencies from 100 Hz to 750 Hz to ensure that dynamic effects will not cause fatigue problems in service. In this case, modes with natural frequencies from 0 Hz to 1.5 kHz have been included in the calculation (two times the highest frequency of interest).
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