Overview of the Structure and Functions of the GESAMP / EHS Working Group

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IMO FAO UNESCO-IOC WMO WHO IAEA UN UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection = GESAMP
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GESAMP
An advisory body consisting of scientific and technical experts nominated by the sponsoring agencies

GESAMP Working Group 1

Evaluation of the Hazards of Substances Carried by Ships (EHS)
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GESAMP/EHS Working Group

Functions 1. to evaluate chemicals at the request of the IMO Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) since 1982 2. since the revision process for MARPOL Annexes II and III concentrating on bulk liquid substances carried under Annex II 3. scientific advice at request of IMO or GESAMP
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Original GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

1969 1969 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1982 1982 1989 1989 1992 1992 1994 1994 GESAMP established for UN advice GESAMP established for UN advice IMO established panel of GESAMP and IMO IMO established panel of GESAMP and IMO Stockholm Conference (marine environmental protection) Stockholm Conference (marine environmental protection) MARPOL Conference, establishment of GESAMP-EHS MARPOL Conference, establishment of GESAMP-EHS GESAMP Reports & Studies No.17 incl. GHP principles GESAMP Reports & Studies No.17 incl. GHP principles GESAMP Reports & Studies No.35 incl. GHP details GESAMP Reports & Studies No.35 incl. GHP details Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Start of work on the GHS Start of work on the GHS

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Original GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

Column A: Column B: Column C: Column D: Column E: Column Bioaccumulation and Tainting (T, +, Z, 0) Damage to living resources; 96hrs LC50 (4, 3, 2, 1, 0, D, BOD) Hazard to human health by oral intake (0 4) Hazard to human health by skin and eye contact or inhalation (II, I , 0) Reduction of amenities (XXX, XX, X, 0) REMARKS
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Original GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

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Reasons for the Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

Chronic aquatic toxicity GESAMP Hazard Profile covered acute effects to aquatic organisms only, as no tests were available at this time. Based on broadly accepted critique by Greenpeace, GESAMP and IMO created a scientific panel for the development and definition of new criteria. Chronic aquatic toxicity to be evaluated.

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Reasons for the Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

Biodegradation Environment hazard evaluation by GESAMP was based on aspects discussed and tested in the 1960s (bioaccumulation). GESAMP Hazard Profile did not cover any degradation in the sea, as no tests were available at this time. Based on broadly accepted critique by scientists within GESAMP and the scientific panel for the development and definition of new criteria, Readily biodegradable substances to be identified.
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Reasons for the Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

Incidents of lypophilic substances Paraffin Palm oil etc. washing up on beaches and oiling sea birds in the Netherlands Canada Germany US Federal Register published statement on vegetable oils under the Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
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Reasons for the Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

Criteria for Floater Persistent Floater

introduced by GESAMP

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Introduction of the GHS

The Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
Challenge noted by the United Nations (1990s): People of any ages, from children to elderly, using many different languages and alphabets, belonging to various social conditions, including illiterates, are confronted to dangerous ... chemicals ...; the youngest, poorest and least educated are the most vulnerable.

Labelling is essential and should be simple and understandable ! Classification and labelling of hazards should be harmonized !
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Introduction of the GHS

The Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
1992 UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro: "A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available, if feasable, by the year 2000. 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg Plan of Action para. 22 adopted "Implemention of the GHS before 2008 !
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Introduction of the GHS

History of the GHS (Purple Book)

Globally Harmonized System of Classification & Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

1992 1992-2002 2000-2001 2008

Decided Developed Taken over by an UN body (published in 2003) Sceduled world-wide implementation
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UNITED NA TIONS

Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

1992 1992 1994 1994 1995 1995 1998 1998 1998 1998 2002 2002 2002 2002 2006 2006 Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Start of work on the GHS Start of work on the GHS Expert panel on evaluation procedures Expert panel on evaluation procedures First draft of revised GHP presented First draft of revised GHP presented Evaluation of IBC Code substances started Evaluation of IBC Code substances started Reports & Studies 64 published Reports & Studies 64 published First pass of evaluations completed First pass of evaluations completed IBC Code substances completed IBC Code substances completed
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Working Method "Small Orange Book" GESAMP Reports & Studies No. 64

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Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure

1992 1992 1994 1994 1995 1995 1998 1998 1998 1998 2002 2002 2002 2002 2006 2006 Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Rio de Janeiro Conference (Agenda 21) Start of work on the GHS Start of work on the GHS Expert panel on evaluation procedures Expert panel on evaluation procedures First draft of revised GHP presented First draft of revised GHP presented Evaluation of IBC Code substances started Evaluation of IBC Code substances started Reports & Studies 64 published Reports & Studies 64 published First pass of evaluations completed First pass of evaluations completed IBC Code substances completed IBC Code substances completed
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GESAMP EHS
(members from 2000 to 2006 during the revision period)
Dr.Tim Bowmer Dr.Thomas Hfer Dr.Derek James Dr.Michel Marchand Dr.Stefan Micallef Mike Morrisette Finn Pedersen, M.Sc. Norman Soutar Prof.Tore Syversen Prof.Meiko Wakabayashi Ecotox Tox Tox Chem Secr Chem Fate Secr Tox Ecotox TNO BfR HSE (r) IMO DGAC EPA IMO University Norway University Japan USA Denmark Netherlands Germany United Kingdom

IFREMER France

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GESAMP Hazard Profile

Columns A 1-2: Hazards for marine life Columns B 1-2:

Columns C 1-3: Hazards for human health Columns D 1-3:

Columns E 1-3: Interferences

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Ecotoxicology - Aquatic Life

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Ecotoxicology - Aquatic Life

A1
Bioaccumulation A prediction of the tendency of a substance to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms: Octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) Bioconcentration factor (BCF)

A2
Biodegradability Identification of substances biodegradation > 70% within 28 days (Ready biodegradability according e.g. to OECD 301)

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Ecotoxicology - Aquatic Life

B1
Acute aquatic toxicity tested in fish, crustacea (daphnia) and algae for 72-96 hours rated as LC50 / IC 50 (mg/l)

B2
Chronic aquatic toxicity tested in fish or crustacea (daphnia) for 28 days rated as NOEC (mg(l)

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Ecotoxicology - Aquatic Life

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Toxicology - Human Health

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Toxicology - Human Health

Columns C 1 - C 3
Poisoning C1 Acute oral toxicity, tested with rats, rated as LD50 C2 Acute dermal toxicity, tested with rabbits, rated as LD50 C3 Acute inhalation toxicity, tested with rats (4 hrs), rated as LC50
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Toxicology - Human Health

Columns D 1 - D 2
Skin and eye damage D1 Skin irritation / corrosion, tested in rabbit (nonanimal tests avaible), rated according to irritation effect or time needed for corrosion (4 hrs, 1 hr, 3 min) D2 Eye irritation / corrosion, tested in rabbit (nonanimal tests avaible but not validated), rated according to irritation effect
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Toxicology - Human Health

Column D 3
Long term health effects - chronic toxicity C Carcinogenic (tumor) M Mutagenic (genetics) R Reprotoxic (mother, foetus, baby) S Sensitising (allergy) A Aspiration hazard (lung damage) T also L,N or I: Specific toxic effects
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Toxicology - Human Health

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Behavior in / on the Sea

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Interference with fisheries

Column E1
T Tainter NT Not tainting by testing

No further work will be done on this anymore!

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Behavior in / on the Sea

Column E2
F Floater, not likely to evaporate or to dissolve Fp Persistent Floater, likely to reach coastal areas persisting on the sea S Sinker, depositing on the sea bed D Dissolver, dilutes in water E Evaporator, goes into the air - and specific behavior like FS, FE, etc. -

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Hazards for Coastal Use

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Hazards for Coastal Use

Column E3
Evacuation advice Hazards for fishermen, tourists and others 3 Warning issued leading to the closure of amenities 2 Warning issued and possible closure of amenities 1 Warning issued but no closure of amenities 0 None
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Interferences

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The GESAMP Hazard Profile

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Volume of work

(1998-2006, 13 meetings)
12 hazard criteria (19 discrete properties) st 680 substances (1st pass) nd rd >800 substances (2nd & 3rd passes) 16,000 ratings >150,000 discrete data points >1,000,000 pieces of supporting data
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GESAMP and IMO

GESAMP Product Data Reporting Form sent to GESAMP by a manufacturer, including detailed confidential documents, e.g. test protocols GESAMP develops a hazard profile based on scientific data on environmental and human health Administration makes formal submission to IMO based on GESAMP profile and safety evaluation IMO establishes carriage requirements on the basis of the GESAMP hazard profile (pollution) and criteria (safety) according to the IBC Code (Chapter 21)
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Overview of the Structure and Functions of the GESAMP / EHS Working Group -EndREMPEC Workshop April 2010

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