Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
25021
08
25021
EDU/GCE/9599/2008
M.Ed.
2008-2009
1.1
2-3
1.2
4-5
1.3
5-6
1.4
7-8
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
9-10
11
2.1
2.2
2.3
15
2.4
16
2.5
12-13
14
14-15
17-19
2.6
2.7
22
2.8
24
2.9
20-21
24-25
26-35
2.10
2.11
2.11.1
2.11.2
2.11.3
2.11.4
2.11.5
2.11.6
2.11.7
2.11.8
2.11.9
2.11.10
2.11.11
2.11.12
2.11.3
2.11.14
2.11.15
2.11.16
36-39
2.11.17
2.11.18
2.11.19
2.11.20
2.11.21
2.12
40
41
57-61
61-67
3.7
67
3.8
68
3.9
42-52
52-53
53
53-56
56
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
68
3.10
70-78
3.11
3.12
78-81
82
83
84-86
87-91
92
93-119
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
120-131
4.5
132-163
4.6
164
165-167
5.1
168-172
5.2
173
174-177
178
179-181
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
1970
Knowledge
Reviewing the literature
L.R. Gay
Data
Pre-Engineering
Pre-Medical
Terminology
33%
120
3
2
Mc Milon
Educational
L.R. Gay
London
Research
MC Grahill
Dictionary of
C.V. Good
London
Education
Research
Research
Research
Data
Data
Conclusion
(By Purpose)
(By Method)
Basic Research
Basic Research
Applied Research
Action Research
Approach
(R & D)
"TYPES OF RESEARCH"
According to purpose
According to Person
According to Place
According to the
type of Data
Basic Research
Applied Research
Action Research
Research Development
Individual Research
Co-operation Research
Field Research
Library Research
Laboratory Research
Analytic Research
Emperical Research
Qualitative Research
According to the Medium
of Communication
Qualitative Research
According to the Time
According to Method
Short-Range Research
Long-Range Research
Descriptive Research
Historical Research
Experimental Research
Research Development
Historical Research
Experimental Research
Discriptive Research
John W. Best
"It Involves the descriptive, recording &
analysis & interperation of condition that now
exist".
Population
L.R. Gay
"A population is the group of which a
researcher would like the result of a study to be
generalized".
TYPES OF POPULATION
Hetrogenious Homogenious
Limited
Un-Limited
Population
Population
Limited Population
Un-Limited Population
Homogenious Population
Homogenous Population
Heterogenious Population
Data Collection
8
18
Sampling
L.R. Gay
"Sampling in the process of selecting a
number of Individual for study in such a way that
every individuals represent the large group from
which they were selected.
Sampling
Non-Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Multistage Sampling
/
Random Sampling
Quota Samping
Snowball Sampling
Accident Sampling
Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Hetrogenous Homogenous
Stratified Sampling
Random Number
Fixed Interval
Non-Probability Sampling
Convenience Sampling
S y s t e m a t i c
Random Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Conduct
Sampling
Quotat Sampling
Purposive Samping
Cases
Snowball Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Address
Accidented Sampling
Random Number
Cap Prospactors
20
"Instrument of Research"
Questionaire
Interview
Test
Observation
Rating Scale
Raking Scale
Case History
Sociometric scale
Self report
Inventory
Openioniar
Anecdotal Record
Questionnaire
L.R. Gay:
"A questionnaire is much more efficient in
that it requires less times in less expensive and
pertime collection of Data from much larger
sample".
Interview
"T h e In te r v i e w is a n a s e n s , a n o r a l
questionnaire instead of writing the reasons the
subject of Interview gives the needed information
verbally as a face to face relationship".
"TYPES OF INTERVIE"
Structural Interview
Individual Interview.
In-Stemetic intereview.
Group Interviies
Individual Interview
Group Interview
Structure Interview
Generalization
Me.
Millon
Research
Publicating
--
--
--
--
--
C.V. Good
20
= 100 x
/
100
Chi-Square
(fo - fe)2
x=
------------f
fo = frequency observed
fe = frequency estimated
x = Chi - Square
df = Degree of Freedom
E = Sum of
Degree of Freedom
Degree of Freedom (df)
df = (c - 1) ( r = 1 )
Degree of freedom = df
= c
= r
Confidence Level
0.01 0.05
0.05 lelve
Value Chi-Square
Test
0.01 of significant table
Value
Value Value
Value Value
100
--
96
100%
--
4%
96%
96%
4%
96%
100
16
77
100%
16%
77%
7%
7%
77%
16%
77%
100
55
37
100%
8%
55%
37%
37%
55%
8%
55%
100
35
26
39
100%
35%
26%
39%
39%
26%
35%
39%
100
31
59
10
100%
31%
59%
10%
10%
59%
31%
59%
100
29
62
100%
29%
62%
9%
9%
62%
29%
62%
100
90
100%
3%
90%
7%
7%
90%
3%
90%
100
--
98
100%
2%
--
98%
98%
2%
98%
100
12
80
100%
12%
8%
80%
80%
8%
12%
80%
10
10
100
15
77
100%
15%
8%
77%
77%
8%
15%
77%
11
11
100
49
42
100%
49%
9%
42%
42%
9%
49%
49%
12
12
100
17
17
66
100%
17%
17%
66%
66%
17%
17%
66%
13
13
100
45
40
15
100%
45%
40%
15%
15%
40%
45%
45%
14
14
100
90
100%
4%
6%
90%
90%
6%
4%
90%
15
15
100
15
11
74
100%
15%
11%
74%
74%
11%
15%
74%
16
16
100
51
27
22
100%
51%
27%
22%
22%
27%
51%
51%
17
17
100
38
61
100%
38%
1%
61%
61%
1%
38%
61%
18
18
100
19
75
100%
19%
6%
75%
75%
6%
19%
75%
19
19
100
23
19
58
100%
23%
19%
58%
58%
19%
23%
58%
20
20
100
11
83
100%
6%
11%
83%
83%
11%
6%
83%
21
21
100
89
100%
8%
3%
89%
89%
3%
8%
89%
22
22
100
18
24
58
100%
18%
24%
58%
58%
24%
18%
58%
23
23
100
13
82
100%
13%
5%
82%
82%
5%
13%
82%
24
24
100
54
14
32
100%
54%
14%
32%
32%
14%
54%
54%
25
25
100
13
30
57
100%
13%
30%
57%
57%
30%
13%
57%
26
26
100
21
36
43
100%
21%
36%
43%
43%
36%
21%
43%
27
27
100
24
71
100%
24%
71%
5%
5%
71%
24%
71%
100
12
80
100
17
17
66
12
100
90
14
100
15
11
74
15
100
13
30
57
25
100
21
36
43
26
100
24
71
27
-------
-------
-------
106
179
415
415
415
415
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
700
700
700
= 15.14 %
= 25.57 %
= 59.28 %
= 15.14
= 25.57
= 59.28
100
15.14
25.57
59.28
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-18.19
- 7.76
25.95
fo - fe
330.8
60.21
673.40
(fo - fe)2
9.92
1.806
20.20
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
9.92
Calculated Value x2
+ 1.806
+ 20.20
= 31.926
100
35
26
39
100
31
59
10
100
29
62
100
90
100
--
98
100
15
77
10
-------
-------
-------
115
245
240
115
245
240
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
600
600
600
= 19.16 %
= 40.83 %
= 40 %
= 19.16
= 40.83
= 40
100
19.16
40.83
40
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-14.17
7.5
6.67
fo - fe
200.78
56.25
44.48
(fo - fe)2
6.02
1.68
1.33
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
6.02
+ 1.68
Calculated Value x2
= 9.03
+ 1.33
100
--
96
100
49
42
11
49
13
138
49
13
138
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
200
200
200
= 24.5 %
= 6.5 %
= 69 %
= 24.5
= 6.5
= 69
100
24.5
6.5
69
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-8.83
-26.83
35.67
fo - fe
77.9
719.84
1,272.34
(fo - fe)2
2.33
21.59
38.17
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
2.33
+ 21.59
Calculated Value x2
= 62.09
+ 38.17
100
16
77
100
55
37
100
45
40
15
13
69
172
59
69
172
59
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
300
300
300
= 23 %
= 57.33 %
= 19.66 %
= 23
= 57.33
= 19.66
100
23
57.33
19.66
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-10.33
24
-13.67
fo - fe
106.7
576
186.6
(fo - fe)2
3.20
17.28
5.606
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
3.20
+ 17.28
Calculated Value x2
= 26.08
+ 8.606
100
51
27
22
16
100
38
61
17
100
19
75
18
100
23
19
58
19
100
11
83
20
100
89
21
145
67
388
145
67
388
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
600
600
600
24.16 %
11.16%
64.66%
24.16
11.16
64.66
100
24.16
11.16
64.66
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-9.14
-22.17
31.33
fo - fe
83.53
491.5
981.5
(fo - fe)2
2.50
14.74
29.45
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
2.50
+ 14.74
Calculated Value x2
= 46.69
+ 29.45
100
18
24
58
22
100
13
82
23
100
54
14
32
24
85
43
172
85
43
172
------ x 100
------ x 100
------ x 100
300
300
300
28.33%
14.33%
57.33%
28.33
14.33
57.33
100
28.33
14.33
57.33
fo
100
33.33
33.33
33.33
fe
-5
-19
24
fo - fe
25
361
576
(fo - fe)2
0.75
10.83
17.28
E = (fo - fe)2
fe
0.75
+ 10.83
Calculated Value x2
= 28.86
+ 17.28
B.A.M.M.D.E.C.H.S
41
grass rut level
To the point
Topic
Visit
120
Rules
B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S
19
Strickly
Strickly
15 20
Loss Marking
B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S
25
Systematic Work
Half Yearly Exam Monthly Test
Prelium Exam
Depend
Systematic Work
B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S.
Strick Marking
(Lake of knowledge) Late Admission
B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S
18
T.V
To the point
120
Lesson deliver
30
M.Sc
B.Sc
Clear Concept
(A) (A+)
To the point
19
20
S.Sc
Percentage
Loos Marking
Marking
89%, 95%, 97%
70%
70% Percentage Strickly
below
S.S.C
Loss Marking
35
Loss Marking
35
T.V
20
16
IQ
19 M.Sc
Loss Marking
Stricke Marking
35
33
Loss Marking
20
17
Late Admission
Lake of knolwedge
32
25
C B
A A-One
55
Loss Marking
P.T.A
75
Mc Milon
Educational
L.R. Gay
London
Research
C.V. Good
MC Grahill Dictionary
London
of
Education
Me.
Millon
Research
Publicating
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Government Letter