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2008-2009

25021

08

25021

EDU/GCE/9599/2008

M.Ed.


2008-2009

1.1

2-3

1.2

4-5

1.3

5-6

1.4

7-8

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

9-10
11

2.1

2.2

2.3

15

2.4

16

2.5

12-13
14
14-15

17-19

2.6

2.7

22

2.8

24

2.9

20-21

24-25
26-35

2.10

2.11

2.11.1

2.11.2

2.11.3

2.11.4

2.11.5

2.11.6

2.11.7

2.11.8

2.11.9

2.11.10

2.11.11

2.11.12

2.11.3

2.11.14

2.11.15

2.11.16

36-39

2.11.17
2.11.18
2.11.19
2.11.20
2.11.21
2.12

40

41

57-61

61-67

3.7

67

3.8

68

3.9

42-52
52-53
53
53-56
56

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

68

3.10

70-78

3.11

3.12

78-81
82
83

84-86
87-91
92
93-119

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

120-131

4.5

132-163

4.6

164

165-167

5.1

168-172

5.2

173
174-177
178
179-181

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6





1970


Knowledge


Reviewing the literature

L.R. Gay















Data


Pre-Engineering

Pre-Medical






Terminology


33%


120


3
2


Mc Milon

Educational

L.R. Gay

London

Research

MC Grahill

Dictionary of

C.V. Good

London

Education

Research




Research


Research



Data



Data



Conclusion


(By Purpose)

(By Method)



Basic Research





Basic Research

Applied Research





Action Research


Approach



Research & Development (R & D)


(R & D)

"TYPES OF RESEARCH"

According to purpose

According to Person

According to Place

According to the
type of Data

Basic Research
Applied Research
Action Research
Research Development
Individual Research
Co-operation Research
Field Research
Library Research
Laboratory Research
Analytic Research
Emperical Research

Qualitative Research
According to the Medium
of Communication
Qualitative Research
According to the Time

According to Method

Short-Range Research
Long-Range Research
Descriptive Research
Historical Research
Experimental Research
Research Development



Historical Research






Experimental Research












Discriptive Research

John W. Best
"It Involves the descriptive, recording &
analysis & interperation of condition that now
exist".








Population

L.R. Gay
"A population is the group of which a
researcher would like the result of a study to be
generalized".
TYPES OF POPULATION

Hetrogenious Homogenious

Limited

Un-Limited

Population

Population

Limited Population


Un-Limited Population



Homogenious Population





Homogenous Population

Heterogenious Population












Data Collection


8
18

Sampling


L.R. Gay
"Sampling in the process of selecting a
number of Individual for study in such a way that
every individuals represent the large group from
which they were selected.

Sampling

Non-Probability Sampling

Probability Sampling



Systematic Sampling

Purposive Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Convenience Sampling

Cluster Sampling
Multistage Sampling
/
Random Sampling

Quota Samping

Snowball Sampling

Accident Sampling

Probability Sampling

Systematic Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Cluster Sampling


Hetrogenous Homogenous

Multi Stage Sampling


Multi Stage Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

According to L.R. Gay:


"Random Sampling is the process of
selecting in a such a way that all individuals in
defind population have on equal and
independent chance of bieng selected for a
sample".

Coin Tossing Method

Coin Tossing Method




Revolute Wheel Method





Random Number




Fixed Interval

Non-Probability Sampling

Convenience Sampling
S y s t e m a t i c
Random Sampling

Convenience Sampling


Conduct
Sampling

Quotat Sampling

Purposive Samping



Cases

Snowball Sampling
Snowball Sampling




Address
Accidented Sampling


Random Number

Centralized Admission Policy for Class XI

Cap Prospactors

20





"Instrument of Research"

Questionaire
Interview
Test
Observation
Rating Scale
Raking Scale
Case History
Sociometric scale
Self report
Inventory
Openioniar
Anecdotal Record

Questionnaire



L.R. Gay:
"A questionnaire is much more efficient in
that it requires less times in less expensive and
pertime collection of Data from much larger
sample".

Interview

"T h e In te r v i e w is a n a s e n s , a n o r a l
questionnaire instead of writing the reasons the
subject of Interview gives the needed information
verbally as a face to face relationship".

"TYPES OF INTERVIE"

Structural Interview

Individual Interview.

In-Stemetic intereview.

Group Interviies

Individual Interview




Group Interview

Structure Interview



Generalization

Me.
Millon

Educational L.R. Gay

Research

Publicating

--

--

--


--

--

C.V. Good

20

= 100 x
/

100


Chi-Square

(fo - fe)2
x=

------------f

(Symbols and terms)


fo = frequency observed
fe = frequency estimated
x = Chi - Square
df = Degree of Freedom
E = Sum of

According to L.R. Gay:


"It is a non parametric test of significance
appropriate when the data is on the form of
frequency counts occuring in two or more
mutually exclusive catagories. It compares

proportions actually observed in a study with


proportions expected to see if they are
significantly different".

Degree of Freedom



Degree of Freedom (df)


df = (c - 1) ( r = 1 )

Degree of freedom = df
= c
= r

Confidence Level


0.01 0.05


0.05 lelve

Value Chi-Square
Test
0.01 of significant table




Value

Value Value

Value Value

100

--

96

100%

--

4%

96%

96%

4%

96%

100

16

77

100%

16%

77%

7%



7%



77%



16%


77%

100

55

37

100%

8%

55%

37%

37%

55%


8%

55%

100

35

26

39

100%

35%

26%

39%




39%




26%




35%




39%

100

31

59

10

100%

31%

59%

10%



10%


59%


31%



59%

100

29

62

100%

29%

62%

9%



9%


62%


29%


62%

100

90

100%

3%

90%

7%

7%
90%

3%

90%

100

--

98

100%

2%

--

98%

98%

2%

98%

100

12

80

100%

12%

8%

80%

80%
8%

12%

80%

10


10

100

15

77

100%

15%

8%

77%


77%


8%


15%


77%

11


11

100

49

42

100%

49%

9%

42%


42%

9%

49%

49%

12


12

100

17

17

66

100%

17%

17%

66%


66%

17%

17%


66%

13



13

100

45

40

15

100%

45%

40%

15%



15%



40%

45%


45%

14



14

100

90

100%

4%

6%

90%


90%



6%



4%


90%

15



15

100

15

11

74

100%

15%

11%

74%



74%



11%



15%



74%

16

16

100

51

27

22

100%

51%

27%

22%

22%

27%

51%

51%

17

17

100

38

61

100%

38%

1%

61%

61%

1%

38%

61%

18


18

100

19

75

100%

19%

6%

75%


75%



6%



19%


75%

19


19

100

23

19

58

100%

23%

19%

58%


58%


19%


23%


58%

20


20

100

11

83

100%

6%

11%

83%


83%


11%


6%

83%

21


21

100

89

100%

8%

3%

89%


89%



3%



8%


89%


22

22

100

18

24

58

100%

18%

24%

58%

58%

24%

18%


58%

23

23

100

13

82

100%

13%

5%

82%

82%


5%


13%

82%

24

24

100

54

14

32

100%

54%

14%

32%

32%

14%

54%

54%

25


25

100

13

30

57

100%

13%

30%

57%


57%


30%


13%


57%

26



26

100

21

36

43

100%

21%

36%

43%



43%


36%


21%



43%

27

27

100

24

71

100%

24%

71%

5%


5%

71%

24%


71%

100

12

80

100

17

17

66

12

100

90

14

100

15

11

74

15

100

13

30

57

25

100

21

36

43

26

100

24

71

27

-------

-------

-------

106

179

415

415

415

415

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

700

700

700

= 15.14 %

= 25.57 %

= 59.28 %

= 15.14

= 25.57

= 59.28

100

15.14

25.57

59.28

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-18.19

- 7.76

25.95

fo - fe

330.8

60.21

673.40

(fo - fe)2

9.92

1.806

20.20

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

9.92

Calculated Value x2

+ 1.806

+ 20.20

= 31.926

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 31.92 which is
greater then teh table value, Hence the result is significant at the
both levels and null Hypothesis is rejected.

100

35

26

39

100

31

59

10

100

29

62

100

90

100

--

98

100

15

77

10

-------

-------

-------

115

245

240

115

245

240

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

600

600

600

= 19.16 %

= 40.83 %

= 40 %

= 19.16

= 40.83

= 40

100

19.16

40.83

40

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-14.17

7.5

6.67

fo - fe

200.78

56.25

44.48

(fo - fe)2

6.02

1.68

1.33

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

6.02

+ 1.68

Calculated Value x2

= 9.03

+ 1.33

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 9.03 which is greater then teh
table value, Hence the result is significant at the both levels and null
Hypothesis is rejected.

100

--

96

100

49

42

11

49

13

138

49

13

138

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

200

200

200

= 24.5 %

= 6.5 %

= 69 %

= 24.5

= 6.5

= 69

100

24.5

6.5

69

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-8.83

-26.83

35.67

fo - fe

77.9

719.84

1,272.34

(fo - fe)2

2.33

21.59

38.17

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

2.33

+ 21.59

Calculated Value x2

= 62.09

+ 38.17

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 62.09 which is greater then
teh table value, Hence the result is significant at the both levels and null
Hypothesis is rejected.

100

16

77

100

55

37

100

45

40

15

13

69

172

59

69

172

59

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

300

300

300

= 23 %

= 57.33 %

= 19.66 %

= 23

= 57.33

= 19.66

100

23

57.33

19.66

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-10.33

24

-13.67

fo - fe

106.7

576

186.6

(fo - fe)2

3.20

17.28

5.606

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

3.20

+ 17.28

Calculated Value x2

= 26.08

+ 8.606

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 26.08 which is greater then
teh table value, Hence the result is significant at the both levels and null
Hypothesis is rejected.

100

51

27

22

16

100

38

61

17

100

19

75

18

100

23

19

58

19

100

11

83

20

100

89

21

145

67

388

145

67

388

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

600

600

600

24.16 %

11.16%

64.66%

24.16

11.16

64.66

100

24.16

11.16

64.66

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-9.14

-22.17

31.33

fo - fe

83.53

491.5

981.5

(fo - fe)2

2.50

14.74

29.45

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

2.50

+ 14.74

Calculated Value x2

= 46.69

+ 29.45

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 46.69 which is greater then
teh table value, Hence the result is significant at the both levels and null
Hypothesis is rejected.

100

18

24

58

22

100

13

82

23

100

54

14

32

24

85

43

172

85

43

172

------ x 100

------ x 100

------ x 100

300

300

300

28.33%

14.33%

57.33%

28.33

14.33

57.33

100

28.33

14.33

57.33

fo

100

33.33

33.33

33.33

fe

-5

-19

24

fo - fe

25

361

576

(fo - fe)2

0.75

10.83

17.28

E = (fo - fe)2
fe

0.75

+ 10.83

Calculated Value x2

= 28.86

+ 17.28

Chi-Square (x2) for df at 0.05 level of


significance are 5.99 the calculated value is 28.86 which is greater then
teh table value, Hence the result is significant at the both levels and ull
Hypothesis is rejected.

B.A.M.M.D.E.C.H.S




41




grass rut level


To the point




Topic



Visit





120












Rules



B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S




19








Strickly




Strickly



15 20


Loss Marking

B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S



25






Systematic Work
Half Yearly Exam Monthly Test

Prelium Exam

Depend



Systematic Work

B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S.

Govt. Collage For Women



20


Strick Marking






(Lake of knowledge) Late Admission

B.A.M.M.P.E.C.H.S



18





T.V

To the point










120

Lesson deliver






30

M.Sc
B.Sc





Clear Concept



(A) (A+)

To the point

19

20





S.Sc




Percentage

Loos Marking

Marking

89%, 95%, 97%
70%
70% Percentage Strickly


below
S.S.C






Loss Marking






35


Loss Marking


35





T.V








20


16


IQ


19 M.Sc



Loss Marking


Stricke Marking







35






33


Loss Marking




20



17

Late Admission


Lake of knolwedge





32






25

C B

A A-One

55


Loss Marking










P.T.A

75

Mc Milon

Educational

L.R. Gay

London

Research

C.V. Good

MC Grahill Dictionary
London

of
Education

Me.
Millon

Educational L.R. Gay

Research

Publicating

--

--

--


--

--

Government Letter

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