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DEFINATION: Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics processed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivation and behaviours in various situations. Personality, thus, combines a stable set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks acts and feels. It is the sum total of unique ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. FEATURES: 1. 2. 3. Each person is unique and distinct. Each person has some stable patterns of behaviours and consistent internal states. Personality thus has both internal and external elements.
Determinants of Personality: There are basically three factors which determine the personality of a man. A. B. C. Heredity Environment Situation. Biological Factors Personality Factors. Cultural Factors. Family and Social Factors.
Biological Factors: Personal characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, ability etc. Personality Factors: Heredity: Factors those were determined at the time conception/birth. Facial attractiveness complexion, energy levels etc which are influenced by parents.
Children are found to inherit certain traits like shyness, smile, fear etc. from their parents. Brain. There is a general feeling that brain plays a significant role in the development of ones personality. Physical Features: An individuals external appearance whether shorter, tall, handsome or ugly etc. Cultural Factors: Values Beliefs Customs Traditions.
Nature and Scope of Personality. Make the employees aware of the self. Matching job requirements with individual characteristics. Helps the individual employees to motivate themselves Helps in managerial activities. I. Decision Making II. Designing III. Planning IV. Controlling.
Theories on Personality: Intra-Psychic Theory Type Theory Trait Theory Social Learning Theory Self Theory.
What determines the persons personality? Biological Factors Cultural Factors Family and Social Factors Situational Factors.
Family and Social Factors: 1. Socialization process 2. Identification process Intra-Psychic Theory: Developed by Sigmund Freud Human mind consists of elements Preconscious Conscious Unconscious
Human personalities have 3 basic structures The ID The Ego. The Super Ego. The ID: consists, i. ii. Everything that is in built psychologically Personality at the time of birth.
Characteristics: Childish Never Satisfied Demanding The unconscious state of mind. The Ego : Develops as the child grows from child to adult. Differentiates from unreality to reality
Super Ego: Develops as the child grows and absorbs the parental and cultural values.
Preconscious part of mind. Conflict bet ID, Ego and Superego results defense mechanism. Aggression Repression Rationalization Reaction Projection. Type Theory: 1. Sheldons Physiognomy Theory 2. Carl Jungs- Extrovert Introvert Theory. Physiognomy Theory: Developed by: William Sheldon Relationship bet n physic type with personality type. Endomorphs Memorphs Ecomorphs. Characteristics Loves fine food Appreciated by all.
Body Type: Fat Thick Mesomorphs: Body Type Strong Athletic Physic Ectomorphs: Body Type Thin Long
Extroversion: Very objective and reality oriented Optimistic Outgoing Gregarious Sociable
Introversion: Inwardly directed people Less Sociable Guided by their own ideas and beliefs.
TRAIT THEORY
Assumption: Traits distinguishes one personality from the other . Traits can describe the construction of individuals. Traits can be quantifiable but do not define measurement.
16-Pairs of Fundamental Traits: Reserved Vs. Outgoing. Less intelligent Vs More Intelligent. Affected by feeling Vs Emotionally stable. Submissive Vs. Dominant Serious Vs. Happy go lucky Expedient Vs. Conscientious. Timid Vs. Venturesome Trusting Vs. Suspicious Tough minded Vs. Sensitive Practical Vs. Imaginative Forth right Vs. Shored Self Assured Vs. Apprehensive Conservative Vs. Experimental Group dependent Vs. Self-sufficient Uncontrolled Vs. Controlled Relaxed Vs. Tense.
Trait Theory:
Allports Trait Theory Cattles Trait Theory. Allports Trait: 6 fundamental traits control individual behavior. Social Political Religious Theoretical
Cattles Trait Theory: 171 traits can describe the individual personalities. Traits can be classified into two categories. i. ii. The Self Individual perceptions, ideas, values and Characteristics. I = Individual self / personal self Me = Social Self. The Organism. The organism is directly influenced by the phenomenal field. Social Learning Theory Situation is an important determinant of personality. Individual develop their personality in learning to cope with situation. Individual may learn in two ways. i. Direct Learning. ii. Reinforced Learning. Source Trait Surface Trait.
Self Theory: Individual as a whole determines his/her personality. i. ii. The Self. The Organism
iii.
The Development of Self: Self is totally developed from self actualization behavioural process learning can be done by the tendency towards achieving the self actualization. Locus of Control: Personality characteristics manifested in individual who attribute causes of their behaviour to either external (environmental) or internal (themselves) sources.
High Conscientiousness
Low
Low
High Extroversion
Low
Extroversion Openness
Introversion
More open
Less open
Matching Job with Personality: The extent to which a persons ability and personality match the requirement of a job is known as person-job fit. Personality Type Co-ordination Investigative Social Prefer Activities that involve helping and developing others Personal Characteristics Practical Analytical Origins Social Friendly Co-Operative Concurrent Occupation Farmer Bioligist Social Worker Teacher Cousellor.