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PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SOURCES OF AGGREGATES FOR PAVING LAYERS. TESTING OF AGGREGATES. APPROVAL & INSPECTION OF AGGREGATES. STORAGE OF AGGREGATES. TIDYING -UP OF QUARRY AREA. 6. GRANULAR SUB - BASE.
Table I
SIEVE SIZE
63 mm 37.5 9.5 4.75 600 um 075
% PASSING
100 85 - 100 40 - 85 25 - 45 8 - 25 0 - 10
Construction
Road base material shall be delivered to the roadbed as uniform mixture & shall be spread in layers or windrows. Segregation shall be avoided & the sub base shall be free from pockets of coarse or fine materials. The compacted thickness of road sub base layer not exceeding 150 mm to the required grade & cross section. Particle size analysis of soils for sieve analysis of fine & coarse aggregate shall be carried out in accordance with BS1377:PART 2:TEST 9.2.
Table I
SIEVE SIZE % PASSING
50 mm 100 37.5 70 - 100 28 55 - 85 20 50 - 80 10 40 - 70 5 30 - 60 2.36 20 - 50 425 uM 10 - 30 75 5 - 15 4. THE REQUIREMENTS for Aggregate road base are as in TABLE II :-
TABLE II TESTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Sampling Liquid Limit Plasticity Index Sand Equivalent Los Angeles Abrasion Flakiness Index (Coarse Aggregate) Elongation Index ( Coarse Aggregate) Soundness ( MgSO3 Solution -5cycles) Organic Impurities Acid soluble Chloride- Combined Agg. Acid soluble Sulphate - Combined Agg. Max. Dry Density C.B.R.on Remoulded samples after 4 days soaking at 100% of the max.dry density.
STANDARDS
ASTM D75 BS1377 Part2 Test4.5 BS1377 Part2 Test 5 ASTM D - 2419 ASTM C-131 ORC-535 BS812 Part 105.1 BS812 Part 105.2 ASTM C88 BS1377 Part3 Method 3 BS 812 Part 117 BS 812 Part 118 BS 1377 Part 4 Test 3.6 BS 1377 Part 4 Test 7
LIMITS
25% Max 06 Max 40% Min. 30% Max. 35% Max. 35% Max. 12% Max 0.2% Max. 01% Max. 0.5% Max. 2% gr/cc Min. 80% Min.
5. Minimum Test Requirements, i. .One sample every 1000 m3 or part of as directed by the Engineer shall be tested for Grading , Plasticity Index , Sand Equivalent, Maximum Dry Density, C.B.R.& Loss of Abrasion. ii .Three in-situ Density tests shall be made per unit ( 900 m2 ) of aggregate road base or as directed by the Engineer. 6. Aggregate Road base shall be spread on the approved sub grade in layers not more than 150 mm in compacted depth.
Table I
SIEVE SIZE % PASSING
50 mm 100 37.5 95 - 100 20 60 - 80 10 40 - 60 5 25 - 40 2.36 15 - 30 600 uM 8 - 22 63 2-8 4. The gradation shall be adjusted as required or as directed by the Engineer within the above limits to ensure the mix has adequate binding properties. 5. THE REQUIREMENTS for Wet-mix road base material shall have physical properties which do not exceed the values in TABLE II :-
TABLE II TESTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Sampling Liquid Limit Linear Shrinkage Plasticity Index Aggregate Crushing Value Water Absorption Flakiness Index (Coarse Aggregate) Elongation Index ( Coarse Aggregate) Lo Angeles Abrasion Loss Soundness ( MgSO3 Solution -5cycles) Organic Impurities Chloride Content( Acid soluble) Sulphate Content ( Acid soluble) Sand Equivalent
STANDARDS
ASTM D75 BS1377 Part2 Test4.5 BS 1377 Part2 Method6.5 BS1377 Part2 Test 5 BS 812 Part 110 ASTM C128/C127 BS812 Part 105.1 BS812 Part 105.2 ASTM C131 or C535 ASTM C88 BS1377 Part3 Method 3 BS 812 Part 117 BS 812 Part 118 ASTM D - 2419
LIMITS
25% Max. 03% Max. 06 Max. 25% Max. 02% Max. 30% Max. 30% Max. 30% Max 12% Max 0.2% Max. 01% Max. 0.5% Max. 45 Min.
5. Minimum Test Requirements, i. .One sample every 1000 m3 or part of as directed by the Engineer shall be tested for Grading ,Plasticity Index ,Sand Equivalent, Maximum Dry Density, C.B.R.& Loss of Abrasion. ii .Three in-situ Density tests shall be made per unit ( 750 m2 ) of each layer of carriageway & three insitu density tests per unit (450 linear meters)of shoulder or as directed by the Engineer. Iii. where directed by the engineer a sieve analysis shall be carried out on the material recovered from 5 consecutive field density tests. where this sieve analysis shows oversize material content of 10% or greater the area of construction will be removed & the source of the material rejected until further notice. Other places of work using material from the same source shall be tested in a similar manner. 6. Wet Mix Macadam Road base shall be laid & compacted in layers maximum thickness of 150 mm except where otherwise specified.
TABLE I TESTS
1. Sampling 2. Los Angeles Abrasion Loss Base Course & Binder Course Wearing Course 3. Aggregate Crushing Value Base Course & Binder Course Wearing Course 4. Soundness ( MgSO3) 5. Acid soluble Chloride 6. Acid soluble Sulphate 7. Flakiness Index Base Course & Binder Course Wearing Course 8. Elongation Index Base Course & Binder Course Wearing Course 9. Water Absorption
STANDARDS
ASTM D75 ASTM C131 or C535 BS 812 Part 110 ASTM C88 BS 812 Part 117 BS 812 Part 118 BS812 Part 105.1 BS812 Part 105.2 ASTM C128/C127
LIMITS
30% Max. 25% Max. 25% Max. 20% Max. 10% Max. 0.1% Max. 0.5% Max. 30% Max. 25% Max. 30% Max. 25% Max. 02% Max.
TESTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sampling Soundness ( MgSO3 ) Plasticity Index Acid soluble Chloride Acid soluble Sulphate Organic Impurities
TABLE II STANDARDS
ASTM D75 ASTM C88 BS1377 Part2 Test 5 BS 812 Part 117 BS 812 Part 118 ASTM C 40 ASTM C128/C127
LIMITS
10% Max Non - Plastic 0.1% Max. 0.5% Max. Color of supernatant liquid shall be lighter than std color solution 02.3% Max.
7. Water Absorption
MINERAL FILLER FOR BITUMINOUS PAVING COURSE. 1. When the combined grading of the coarse & fine aggregates is deficient in material passing the ASTM No.200 sieve, mineral filler shall be added as approved by the engineer . 2. mineral filler shall consist of finely ground particles of limestone or cement in accordance of ASTM D-242.It shall be thoroughly dry & free from organic substances & clay & meet the grading requirements following TABLE III :TABLE III MINERAL FILLER
B.S. SIEVE 600 uM 300 150 75 ASTM SIEVE SIZE NO. 30 NO. 50 NO. 100 NO. 200 % WT. PASSING 100 95 - 100 90 - 100 70 - 100
TESTS
Sand Equivalent, determined after all processing except for addition of asphalt binder Plasticity Index
STANDARDS
ASTM D-2419 BS1377 Part2 Test 5
LIMITS
Min. Non - Plastic
2. When tested according to ASTM C-117 & ASTM C-136, the combined mineral aggregate shall confirm to TABLE I FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE & TABLES 2,3& 4 for Dense Bitumen Macadam :-
3. The grading given in Table 1,2,3 & 4 represent the extreme limits which shall determine suitability of aggregate for use from all sources of supply. The aggregate as finally selected for use in the work shall have a grading within the limits designated in tables 1,2,3&4 as appropriate & for TABLE 1 may with the engineer agreement. 4. The coarse aggregate shall show no detrimental amount of stripping when tested in accordance with ASTM D-1664 .The minimum value of non stripped area shall be 95 % .If stripping occurs ,the aggregate shall be rejected & an approved method of treatment specified to change the material from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic state as directed by the engineer ,or an approved additives shall be used with the bituminous binder.