WAJA 2010

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM FOUR

( Students Copy )

Name: ___________________________ Class : ___________________________

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

Learning Objective 6.1 Find distance between two points. Learning Outcome 6.1.1 Find the distance between two points using formula.

1. The formula of distance between two points is actually derived from _______________ Theorem. 2.By referring to the diagram below, tick the correct equation :

Equation t s r (a) r 2 ! t 2  s 2 (b) t 2 ! s 2  r 2 (c) s 2 ! r 2  t 2 (d) r 2 ! t 2  s 2 (e) t 2 ! r 2  s 2 (f) s 2 ! r 2  t 2 (g) t 2 ! s 2  r 2 (h) s 2 ! t 2  r 2

Tick ( 3 ) the correct equation

3.Complete the equation in the boxes : z x x2 ! 4. Complete the following calculation : ( i) Find AC A 5 cm C 12 cm cm cm = y

z2 !

y2 !

Pythagoras Theorem : AC 2 ! A
AC ! AC !
2

AB 2  BC 2

= A =

C=

C2

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

(ii) Find PR

y R (7 , 8) 8 PR 2 ! PQ 2  RQ 2
PR ! PR ! PQ 2  RQ 2 

RQ = =

= 2 0 P (3 , 2) 3 PQ = = (iii) Find AC y y2 7 Q x

units.

C ( x2 , y 2 ) BC =
AC 2 ! AB 2  BC 2

y1

A ( x1 , y1 ) x1 AB =

B
AC ! ( )2  ( )2

x2

Distance =

5. Find the distance between two points. Example : (i) Find the distance between C( 3 , 5) and D (2 , 3). Formula : Distance = Substitude : CD = Solve :
( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2

x2 C ( 3

y2 , 5)

 3  2 2  5  [3] 2

x1 D( 2

y1 ,  3)

! ( 5) 2  (8) 2 !

25  64

! 89 ! 9.434 units

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

(ii) Complete the calculation below : Find the possible values of a if the distance between M ( 3, 6 ) and N ( 2 , a) is Formula : CD = Substitude :
( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2

74 .


Solve : (

2   6  a 2
) 2  (6  a ) 2 ! 7

!7

x2 C(3

y2 , 6)

 2  6  a 2
(6  a) 2 ! (

! 72

x1 D( 2

y1 , a)

(6  a) ! s ( ) (6  a) ! s 7 6a ! 7 6a ! 7 a ! 13 a ! 1 (a) Find the distance between P(2 , 5) and Q(6 , 3). (b) Find the distance between S(2, 4) and T( 4 , 3). (c) Find the possible values of p if the distance between the two points A(1 , 2) and ( p , 14) is 13. (d) Find the possible values of m if the distance between the two points P(2 , m) and Q(-1 , 2) is 5.

6. Complete the table below : Situation (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) The distance from point M to point N is 5 cm The distance of point D from origin is 7 cm. Point A and point Implication MN = 5 cm

The distance from point R to point S is twice the distant from point L to point M . Triangle PQR is an equilateral triangle. The distance of point R from origin is three times of its distant from point S. PQ = =

is equal distant from point C

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

7. Locate the mistake done in the solution in column A and solve the problem correctly in column . A (Wrong solution) (a) Given that the distance between points A (2, y) and (1, 3) is 10 , find the values of y . Solution : A = 10 (12  2 2 )  (3 2  y 2 ) ! 10
(1  4)  (9  y 2 ) ! 10  3  9  y 2  10 ! 0  y2  4 ! 0

y2 ! 4

y ! s 4 y ! 2 , 2 (b) Find the distance between point L( 9, 7) and point M(3, 2).
Solution : ML = =
(9  [3]) 2  (7  2) 2

(12) 2  (5) 2

= 144  25 = 119 = 10.91 (d) If point P(3 , k) is equidistant from points R(3 , 4) and S(3 , 4), find the value of k. Solution : PR = RS (3  3) 2  (k  [4]) 2 ! (3  [3]) 2  (4  4) 2

0 2  (k  4) 2 ! 6 2  (8) 2 (k  4) 2 ! 36  64
( k  4) ! s 100 ! s10 k  4 ! 10 k  4 ! 4 k !6 k ! 8

B (Correct solution)

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

A (Wrong solution) (d) Given the points A(3 , p), ( 2 , 3) and C(1 , 2), find the possible values of p if the distance of point C to point A is twice its distance from point .

B (Correct solution)

CA = 2C

(3  1) 2  ( p  [2]) 2 ! 2 (2  1) 2  (3  [2]) 2 2 2  ( p  2) 2 ! 2 12  5 2 4  ( p  2) 2 ! 2?  25A 1 ( p  2) 2 ! 52  4

( p  2) ! s 48 ! s6.928

p  2 ! 6.928 p ! 4.928

Learning Objective : 6

Solution :

p  2 ! 6.928 p !  8.928

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

6.2 Understand the concept of division of a line s egment Learning Outcome : 6.2.1 Find the midpoint of two given points 1. In the following cases, mark the midpoint of the line segment below as M and state its coordinates : y K (a) y (b) 4 G 2 H 2 x J O 2 4 x 4

(c)

y P 4 2 L O 2 4 x

(d)

y R 4 2 L O 2 4 6 x

2. Based on the diagram below, point M is the midpoint of the line segment A , choose the correct coordinate for the midpoint M. x 2  x1 y 2  y1 , y 2 2 B ( x2 , y 2 ) M A ( x1 , y1 ) O x
x 2 x1 y 2 y1 , 2 2 x 2  x1 y 2  y1 , 2 2

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

3. Match the diagram below :

Segment
A (4, 5) and B (2, 3 ) C ( 1, 5) and D (7, 8) E (4, 8) and F (7, 2) G(3a, 7b) and H(0, 6b) I( 4a, 3b) and (10a, 8b)

Midpoint
( 11 ,3) 2

5 (3a , b) 2

(3 , 4)
( 3 13 a, b) 2 2 3 ) 2

( 4 , 

4. The points P and Q are (a, 2) and ( 2, b) respectively. The midpoint of PQ is (3, 4). Determine the value of a and of b. Sketch the segment : Q (2, b )
y

P (a , 2) Apply formula :
x  x1 y 2  y1 Midpoint = 2 , 2 2 (3 , 4 ) =  2 ,  2

Compare :
a  2 2  b (3 , 4 ) = , 2 2 ! !

Solve :

2 6 ! a2 a!

8! 2b b!

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

5. Find the coordinate of D if CM = MD.

y D M (8,10) C (2,4) O x D ( x1 , y1 )

Sketch the segment : * Let D ( x1 , y1 )

y

M (8 , 10)

C (2 , 4) Apply formula :
x  x1 y 2  y1 , Midpoint = 2 2 2 (8 , 10 ) =  2 ,  2

Compare x-coordinates and y-coordinates :

(8 , 10 ) = ,

Solve :

The final answer must be in the form of D(x,y)

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

6. P(0, 1) , Q(8, 5) , R(6, 9) and S are the vertices of a parallelogram. Find the coordinates of point S. Sketch : * Let S ( x1 , y1 ) Q (8 , 5) R (-6 , 9) For square, rectangle, rhombus and parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other. B A P (0 , 1) Apply formula :
x  x1 y 2  y1 , Midpoint = 2 2 2

S ( x1 , y1 ) D

Midpoint = Midpoint of AC of BD

Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
 2

 2

 2

 2

Compare :

Solve :

10

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

Learning Outcomes : 6.2.2 Find coordinates of a point that divides a line segment in the ratio m : n. 1. Complete the table below : Situation (a) C 3 2 A (b) 1 3 P (c) K L KL : KM = M (d) T RS : ST = KL : LM = 4 : 3 Q PQ : PR = R PQ : QR = B AB : BC = 2 : 3 AB : AC = 2 : 5 Ratio

: :

:
2 : 7

2 R (e) F m

RS : RT =

FG : GH = G n FG : FH = H

: :

11

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

2. Tick the correct diagram base on the description given. Situation (a) 3 P divides AB internally in the ratio 3 : 5 5 A (b) 1 L divides MN internally in the ratio 2 : 1 M (c) K divides GH internally in the ratio of 3 : 4 . G 4 K 3 H L 2 M G 3 K 4 H 1 N P B 3 A 2 L 5 P B Diagram I Diagram II

3
N

(d) A, B and C are three points on a straight line such that AB : AC = 2 : 5 . A (e) Three points K, L and M are on a straight line such that the length of KM is 3 times the length of KL.

5 2 B

C 2 A

3 B

K 1 L 2 M

K 1 L 3 M

12

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

3. A and B are the points (8 , 4) and (-2 , -6) respectively. Point P divides line AB in the ratio 3 : 2 . Find the coordinates of P. Sketch : Let P (x , y) B (-2, -6) B ( x2 , y2 ) P (x , y) n P m A ( x1 , y1 ) Coordinates of P = mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 , mn mn

A (8 , 4) Formula :
mx  nx1 my 2  ny1 P (x , y ) = 2 , mn mn 3( )  2( ) 3( )  2( ) (x , y ) = , 3 2 3 2 (x , y ) = ,

Compare : (x , y ) =

Coordinate of P is

4. A line segment has end points at P (4, 8) and S (a , 6). Given that point R (2, b) is a point on the straight line PS such that 3PR= 4PS. Find the value of a and b . Sketch : S (a, 6) R (2 ,b) 3PR = 4RS
PR ! RS

P ( 4 , 8) Formula :
mx  nx1 my 2  ny1 R (2 , b ) = 2 , mn mn

4( )  3 ( ) 4( )  3( ) , (2 , b ) = 43 43
(2 , b ) = 7 , 7

13

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

Compare : 2= b=

Solve :

5. Find the ratio m : n if a certain point divides a line segment internally in the ratio m : n and the coordinates of the points are given. Example : If point P(3 , 4) divides internally the line segment that connects the points A(1 , 2) and B(6 , 7) in the ratio of m : n , find the ratio m : n . Sketch : m n B(6 , 7)

P (3, 4)

A (1, 2) Formula :
mx  nx1 my 2  ny1 , P (3 , 4 ) = 2 mn mn

m( 7 )  n ( 2 ) m( 6 )  n ( 1 ) , (3 , 4 ) = mn mn
7 m  2n 6m  n , (3 , 4 ) = mn mn Compare (either one): 6m  n 7 m  2n 3! 4! mn mn Either one

Solve :
7 m  2n 6m  n OR 4 ! mn mn 3m  3n ! 6m  n 4m  4n ! 7 m  2n 3m  6 m ! n  3n 4m  7 m ! 2n  4n  3m ! 2 n  3m ! 2n 2 m m 2 ! ! n 3 3 n m: n ! 2:3 m:n ! 2:3 3!

14

WAJA 2010 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

Chapter 6: Coordinate Geometry

1 (a) R (5 , 3 ) divides the line joining A(2 , 8) and B(6 , 2) internally in the ratio m : n . 2 Find the ratio m : n .

Sketch :

A(1 , 2) Formula : R (5 , 3
1 mx  nx1 my 2  ny1 ) = 2 , 2 mn mn ) , m( )  n ( ) mn

m ( )  n( 1 (5 , 3 )= mn 2

(5 , 3

1 ) = 2

mn

mn

Compare : 5=
7 = 2

Solve :

m ! n

m:n !

15