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ACI (absolute volume)method

1) Data required
Grade :- All grades
C Factor :- 0.96
Exposure :- Mild to extreme
Cement strength :- 43 MPa
crushed or rounded C A :Sand zone :2) a) TMS :TMS = fck + 1.65
M20
M25
M30 M35
M40
values [ MPa ] ACI
4
4
5
5
5
TMS values [ MPa ] ACI
26.6
31.6
38.25 43.25 48.25
TMS values [ MPa ] practical
35
40
45
50
55
In practice, current margin is always taken as 15MPa
b) W/C :w/c values w.r.t TMS & curves
w/c values w.r.t Exposure conditions
--- do -----

w/c ACI
w/c practical

M20
M25
0.58
0.52
Mild Moder
---0.50
0.58
0.49
0.583 0.49

M30 M35
0.47
0.43
Severe V. sev
0.45 0.40
0.44 0.41
0.44 0.41

M40
0.39
Extr
------0.39
0.40

In ACI method, low w/c s are based on TMS &


durability. It is very close to practical values.

c) Water content :Water content ACI*


Air content
Water content practical **

M20
200
2%
173

M25
200
2%
173

M30
200
2%
155

M35
200
2%
155

M40
200
2%
155

*Water content is based on slump & max size only. So when


slump is 100mm & max size is 20 mm , water content is 200
ltr & air content ( based on max size only ) is 2%.
** With the use of modern admixtures , water content can be
reduced by 11% upto M25 , 17% upto M35 & 20% upto M40
So this table is not used in modern day design. These water
content is calculated as CC* w/c. Cement content is fixed
based on experience & trials.

d) cement content :M20


w/c ACI *
0.58
Water content ACI*
200
Cement content w.r.t w/c(W/w/c) 345
w/c practical**
0.583
Water content practical
173
Cement content w.r.t w/c(W/w/c) 297
Cement content w.r.t qcs
310
Cement content practical*
300

M25
0.49
200
408
0.49
173
353
320
350

M30 M35
0.44
0.41
200
200
455
488
0.44
0.41
155
155
352
378
330
350
355
375

M40
0.39
200
513
0.40
155
388
370
400

* Cement content used in ACI is much high because of


specified higher water content.
**In practical method, Cement content is fixed based on
experience & trials.

d) aggregate content :M20


w/c ACI *
0.58
Water content ACI*
200
Cement content
345
Air content
2%
FM sand
2.45
20mm DR B density
1600

M25
0.49
200
408
2%
2.45
1600

M30 M35
0.44 0.41
200
200
455
488
2%
2%
2.45 2.45
1600 1600

M40
0.39
200
513
2%
2.45
1600

10mm DR B density
20mm DR volume
10mm DR volume
20mm @60% of CA
10mm @40% of CA
Cement in total volume
water in total volume
air in total volume
20mm in total volume
10mm in total volume
fine in total volume
fine content
% Cement in volume
% water in volume
% C.A in volume
% fines in volume
% agg in volume
%fine in total agg (vol )
Wet density

1700
1700
1700 1700 1700
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66 0.66
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50 0.50
629
629
629
629
629
337
337
337
337
337
109.5 129.5 144.4 154.9 162.9
200
200
200
200
200
20
20
20
20
20
216.9 216.9
216.9 216.9 216.9
116.2 116.2
116.2 116.2 116.2
337.4 317.4
302.5 292.0 284.0
884
832
792
765
744
10.95% 12.95% 14.44% 15.49% 16.29%
20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00%
33.31% 33.31% 33.31% 33.31% 33.31%
33.7% 31.7%
30.2% 29.2% 28.4%
67%
65%
64% 63%
62%
50.32% 48.79% 47.59% 46.71% 46.02%
2395 2406
2413 2419 2423

*In ACI method , first mass of 20 mm & 10 mm is


calculated . Then mass of fines is calculated by absolute
volume.
For calculating mass of CA,
first dry rodded bulk density is calculated using ASTM
C 29.
Then dry rodded bulk volume is calculated if fineness
modulus of fine agg is known. Fineness Modulus is
given by division of the summation of cumulative
retained fractions for standard sieves up to 150-micron
sieve size by 100.
20 mm & 10 mm are combined in 60:40 by weight.So
20mm dry rodded bulk density *0.60*20mm dry rodded
unit volume + 10mm dry rodded bulk density

*0.60*10mm dry rodded unit volume gives mass of


total CA .( it is 966 kg/m3 when FM of fines = 2.45).
Mass of total CA is constant for all the mixes if FM is
constant.
% volume of CA in total concrete in ACI = 33.31%.
Finally % mass of all aggregates are found out &
then checked with combined grading specifications.
M20
Cement content practical** 300
w/c
0.58
Water (CC / w/c )
174
Water (rounded )
173
% C.A in total volume
41.74%
Cement in total volume
95.2
water in total volume
174
CA in total volume
417.4
20mm @ 60% wt of agg
726
10mm @ 40% wt of agg
484
Air content
1%
% Cement in total volume 9.52%
% water in total volume
17.4%
% agg in total volume
72%
% fines in total volume
30.3%
Mass of fines
795

%fine in total agg (vol)


Wet density

M25
M30
M35
350
355
375
0.50
0.45
0.42
175
159.8 157.5
173
155
155
41.74% 41.74% 41.74%
111.11 112.7
119.1
175
160
157.5
417.4 417.4
417.4
726
726
726
484
484
484
1%
1%
1%
11.11% 11.27% 11.9%
17.5%
15.98% 15.75%
70%
72%
71%
28.6% 30.0% 29.6%
751
786
776

42.09% 40.7%
2479 2486

M40
400
0.39
160
155
41..74%
127
160
417.4
726
484
1%
12.7%
16.0%
70%
28.6%
748

41.83% 41.5% 40.63%


2512
2519
2519

**In practical method, determination of aggregate


content loosely follows ACI method with a little
difference because ACI table for determining dry
rodded unit volume wrt FM is based on fixed water

content ( 200 kg / cum) which is not the case in


practical method.
So the problem is circumvented by fixing a constant
% of C A volume in total concrete (ie 41.74%) &
established by trials.
Then 20 mm & 10 mm are combined in 60:40 by
weight. Mass of fines is calculated by absolute volume.
Finally % mass of all aggregates are found out & then
checked with combined grading specifications.
Summary

Cement
M. silica
w/c
Water
sand
C.A
20mm
10mm

Agg.C r
Fines.CA r

C grading
20mm
10mm
fines
% CA vol
% fines vol
% cement v
% water v
% fines agg
vl
Wet density

M20
ACI
Act
345
300

M25
ACI
Act
408
350

M30
ACI
Act
455
355

M35
ACI
Act
488
375

M40
ACI
Act
513
400

0.58
200
884
966
629
337

0.58
174
795
1210
726
484

0.49
200
832
966
629
337

0.50
175
751
1210
726
484

0.44
200
792
966
629
337

0.45
159.8
786
1210
726
484

0.41
200
765
966
629
337

0.42
157.5
776
1210
726
484

0.39
200
744
966
629
337

0.39
160
748
1210
726
484

5.36
0.92

6.68
0.66

4.41
0.86

5.60
0.62

3.86
0.82

5.62
0.65

3.55
0.79

5.30
0.64

3.33
0.77

4.90
0.62

34.00%

36.22%

34.99%

37.03%

35.77%

36.37%

36.34%

36.57%

36.78%

37.08%

18.22%

24.15%

18.75%

24.69%

19.16%

24.25%

19.47%

24.38%

19.71%

24.72%

47.78%

39.64%

46.26%

38.28%

45.06%

39.38%

44.19%

39.05%

43.51%

38.20%

33.31%
33.7%
10.95%
20.00%

41.74%
30.3%
9.52%
17.4%

33.31%
31.7%
12.95%
20.00%

41.74%
28.6%
11.11%
17.5%

33.31%
30.2%
14.44%
20.00%

41.74%
30.0%
11.27%
15.98%

33.31%
29.2%
15.49%
20.00%

41.74%
29.6%
11.9%
15.75%

33.31%
28.4%
16.29%
20.00%

41.74%
28.6%
12.7%
16.0%

50.32%

42.09%

48.79%

40.7%

47.59%

41.83%

46.71%

41.5%

46.02%

40.63%

2395

2479

2406

2413

2512

2419

2519

2423

2519

2486

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