PREPOSITIONS: LOCATORS IN TIME AND PLACE

Principio del formulario

Select from the follow ing

Final del formulario

A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else. Prepositions are nearly always combined with other words in structures called prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases can be made up of a million different words, but they tend to be built the same: a preposition followed by a determiner and an adjective or two, followed by a pronoun or noun (called the object of the preposition). This whole phrase, in turn, takes on a modifying role, acting as an adjective or an adverb, locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under what conditions something happened. Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases we can use while talking about it.
You can sit before the desk (or in

front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are underthe desk or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk throughthe desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks ofthe desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

All of this happens, of course, in time: during the class, before the class, until the class, throughout the class, after the class, etc. And the professor can sit there in a bad mood [another adverbial construction].

Those words in bold

blue font are all prepositions. Some prepositions do other

things besides locate in space or time "My brother is like my father." "Everyone in the class except me got the answer." but nearly all of them modify in one way or another. It is possible for a preposition phrase to act as a noun "During a church service is not a good time to discuss picnic plans" or "In the South Pacific is where I long to be" but this is seldom appropriate in formal or academic writing. Click HERE for a list of common prepositions that will be easy to print out. You may have learned that ending a sentence with a preposition is a serious breach of grammatical etiquette. It doesn't take a grammarian to spot a sentence-ending preposition, so this is an easy rule to get caught up on (!). Although it is often easy to remedy the offending preposition, sometimes it isn't, and repair efforts sometimes result in a clumsy sentence. "Indicate the book you are quoting from" is not greatly improved with "Indicate from which book you are quoting." Based on shaky historical precedent, the rule itself is a latecomer to the rules of writing. Those who dislike the rule are fond of recalling Churchill's rejoinder: "That is nonsense up with which I shall not put." We should also remember the child's complaint: "What did you bring that book that I don't like to be read to out of up for?" Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for students for whom English is a second language? We say we are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but on television. For native speakers, these little words present little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other language, and you will quickly discover that

prepositions are troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and the only way English language learners can begin to master the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and paying close attention to speech and the written word. Keeping a good dictionary close at hand (to hand?) is an important first step.

Prepositions of Time: at, on, and in

We use at to designate specific times. The train is due at 12:15 p.m. We use on to designate days and dates. My brother is coming on Monday. We're having a party on the Fourth of July. We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a season, or a year. She likes to jog in the morning. It's too cold in winter to run outside. He started the job in 1971. He's going to quit in August.

Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in

We use at for specific addresses. Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham. We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc. Her house is on Boretz Road. And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents). She lives in Durham. Durham is in Windham County. Windham County is in Connecticut.

Prepositions of Location: in, at, and on and No Preposition

IN (the) bed* the bedroom AT class* home ON the bed* the ceiling NO PREPOSITION downstairs

the car (the) class* the library* school*

the library* the office school* work

the floor the horse the plane the train

downtown inside outside upstairs uptown

* You may sometimes use different prepositions for these locations.

Prepositions of Movement: to and No Preposition

We use to in order to express movement toward a place. They were driving to work together. She's going to the dentist's office this morning. Toward and towards are also helpful prepositions to express movement. These are simply variant spellings of the same word; use whichever sounds better to you. We're moving toward the light. This is a big step towards the project's completion. With the words home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, we use no preposition. Grandma went upstairs Grandpa went home. They both went outside.

Prepositions of Time: for and since

We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years). He held his breath for seven minutes. She's lived there for seven years. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries. We use since with a specific date or time. He's worked here since 1970. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.

Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.

Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives, and verbs.

NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS

approval of awareness of belief in concern for desire for

fondness for need for grasp of hatred of hope for love of participation in reason for respect for success in understanding of

confusion about interest in

ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS

afraid of angry at aware of capable of familiar with fond of happy about interested in jealous of married to proud of similar to sorry for sure of tired of worried about

careless about made of

VERBS and PREPOSITIONS

apologize for ask about ask for belong to bring up care for find out give up grow up look for look forward to look up make up pay for prepare for study for talk about think about trust in work for worry about

A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.

Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle

argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities) correspond to a thing, with a person differ from an unlike thing, with a person live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

Unnecessary Prepositions
In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.

She met up with the new coach in the hallway. The book fell off of the desk. He threw the book out of the window. She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. [or use "in"] Where did they go to? Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead] Where is your college at?

Prepositions in Parallel Form

(Click HERE for a definition and discussion of parallelism.) When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does not have to be used twice. You can wear that outfit in summer and in winter. The female was both attracted by and distracted by the male's dance. However, when the idiomatic use of phrases calls for different prepositions, we must be careful not to omit one of them. The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie. It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from every game he played. He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.
A continuacin encontrars una serie de frases preposicionales de uso frecuente, ordenadas alfabticamente, que pueden resultarte de mucha utilidad.

AT THE END OF, al final de. The hero fell in love with the princess at the end of the story. AT HOME IN/WITH, perfectamente familiar con. Einstein was perfectly at home in/with all questions of relativity. AT THE SIDE OF (BESIDE), al lado de. The church is at the side of (beside) the small river. AT THE TOP OF ONE'S VOICE, a voz en cuello, a toda voz. The boy in the water was shouting for help at the top of his voice. AT VARIANCE WITH, de punta, en desacuerdo con. As a new teacher I found himself at variance with the principal over my salary. BECAUSE OF, a causa de, debido a. Because of his poor health, he could not work in a tropical country. BY FORCE OF, a fuerza de. OM Personal staff achieved their goals by force of effort and determination. BY MEANS OF, por medio de. Graciela passed the OM Basic examinations by means of hard work. BY REASON OF, a causa de. He has always succeeded by reason of his strong determination. BY THE SIDE OF (BESIDE), al lado de, por el lado de. Their new house is located by the side of (beside) a beautiful lake. BY VIRTUE OF, en virtud de. This candidate was given the job by virtue of his previous experienece in sales. BY WAY OF, por va de, a modo de, pasando por. My uncle travelled from Santiago de Chile to Miami by way of the Panama Canal. FOR FEAR OF, por medio o temor de. The old man did not travel by air for fear of having a heart-attack. FOR THE PURPOSE OF, con el objeto de, con el propsito de. The investigation was made for the purpose of discovering the thief. FOR THE SAKE OF, por amor de, en beneficio de. I prefered to ignore Mike's rudeness for the sake of our long friendship. FOR WANT OF, por falta de. The metal has gone rusty for want of a fresh coat of paint. IN/ON BEHALF OF, en favor de, en nombre de. "I would like to thank today's speaker in/on behalf of all the members here". IN CASE OF, en caso de. In case of difficulty, please dial number 999-AB. IN COMMON WITH, en comn con, del mismo modo que. The new student wrote on the wrong subject in common with Jessie Brown. IN CONSEQUENCE OF, a consecuencia de. In consequence of the large number absent, we had to postpone the meeting. IN (THE) COURSE OF, en va de. Did Mrs. Cecilia Dufour ever go to Tibet in (the) course of her travels? IN DEFIANCE OF, en desafo de, sin poner atencin a. The owners remained in their apartments in defiance of the evacuation order. IN FAVOUR OF, en favor de. Who is in favour of taking a holiday in August? IN FRONT OF, en frente de, cara a cara con. Suddenly I recognised the girl who was standing in front of me in the line. IN HONOUR OF, en honor de. Our manager was given a holiday in honour of his great efforts and achievement.

IN (THE) HOPE OF, con la esperanza de. The actress went to Africa in (the) hope of meeting her son once again. IN PLACE OF, en lugar de. The teacher gave me a new exercise book in place of the old one. IN PROSPECT OF, en vista de, en expectativa de. He lost his job a month ago, but he is in prospect of finding something interesting. IN SEARCH OF, en busca de. The two friends went to South America in search of adventure. IN SPITE OF, a pesar de. Many people will probably come tonight in spite of this bad weather. INSTEAD OF, en vez de, en lugar de. Peter Edwards had to go to the meeting instead of his boss who is ill in bed. IN VIEW OF, en vista de. In view of the designer's success, the firm decided to promote him to manager. IN THE EVENT OF, en caso de. The old man asked his sons to stay at the farm in the event of his death. IN THE FACE OF, en presencia de. Why do you insist on going to Malaya in the face of all your family? IN (WITH) THE HOPE OF, en (con) la esperanza de. The millionaire went to Africa in (with) the hope of meeting his family. IN THE NAME OF, en nombre de. Please, spare the condemned man's life in the name of humanity. IN THE REAR OF, a la cola de, a la retaguardia. There was a cloud of dust in the rear of the caravan. IN THE SIGHT OF, a la vista de. He was guilty in the sight of the law. IN THE TEETH OF, en oposicin a, contra toda la fuerza de. The young man stuck to his principles in the teeth of great opposition. IN ORDER TO, para, a fin de, con el objeto de. In order to listen to this audio file you have to download it first. IN PROPORTION TO, en proporcin a. He told me that my success was in proportion to the work I had done. IN REGARD TO, en cuanto a, relacionado con. Did he tell you anything in regard to your future job? IN ACCORDANCE WITH, de acuerdo con, en armona con. They completed the form in accordance with all the rules. IN CONNECTION WITH, con referencia a He interviewed me in connection with the proposed new course. IN HARMONY WITH, en armona con. Luckily her tastes were in harmony with mine. IN KEEPING WITH, de acuerdo con, en armona con. The director of the firm was given a house in keeping with his high position.

ON ACCOUNT OF, por motivo de, a cuenta de, a causa de. The girl could not go away on account of the terrible storm. ON BEHALF OF, de parte de. "I would like to thank the speaker on behalf of all the members in this club". ON THE BRINK OF, al borde, a la orilla de.

The firm was on the brink of bankruptcy. ON THE EVE OF, en vispera de, la vspera de. Grandma came from Italy on the eve of my birthday. ON THE FACE OF, a juzgar por las apariencias. On the face of it, their proposal seems quite genuine. ON THE GROUND OF, en base de, en razn de. The young man was rejected by the Air Force on the ground of ill-health. ON THE PART OF, por parte de. There was complete agreement on the part of Mr. Jones. ON THE POINT OF, a punto de. The thief was on the point of surrendering when he was caught. OUT OF HARMONY WITH, en desacuerdo con. Unluckily her tastes are always out of harmony with mine. OUT OF KEEPING WITH, en desacuerdo con. Rock or jazz music are entirely out of keeping with this solemn occasion. OUT OF PROPORTION WITH (TO), en desproporcin con. The head in the portrait seems to be out of proportion with the body. UNDER THE NAME OF, bajo el nombre de. A boy under the name of Johnson came to see you this morning. WITH THE HELP OF, con ayuda de. We managed to repair the engine with the help of the new electrician. WITH THE INTENTION OF, con la intencin de. He attended evening school with the intention of learning more English. WITH A VIEW TO, con la intencin de. Mr. Dobson bought the land with a view to building houses on it. WITH AN EYE TO, con la intencin de. They bought the old houses with an eye to making them into a 5-star hotel. WITH REFERENCE TO, con referencia a. With reference to your letter, I wish to inform you that I am leaving soon. WITH REGARD TO, con relacin a. Did he tell you anything with regard to your future promotion? WITH RESPECT TO, con respecto a, tocante a, concerniente a. With reference to your application, you are invited for an interview next week.

T he Pr epositional Phr ase

Talk It!

Recognize a prepositional phrase when you see one.

At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun,pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the preposition. The object of the preposition will often have one or more modifiers to describe it. These are the patterns for a prepositional phrase:
PREPOSITION

+ NOUN,

PRONOUN

GERUND

OR

CLAUSE

PREPOSITION

+ MODIFIER(S) + NOUN,

PRONOUN

GERUND

OR

CLAUSE

Here are some examples of the most basic prepositional phrase:

At home

At = preposition; home = noun.

In time

In = preposition; time = noun.

From Richie

From = preposition; Richie = noun.

With me

With = preposition; me = pronoun.

By singing

By = preposition; singing = gerund.

About what we need

About = preposition; what we need = noun clause. Most prepositional phrases are longer, like these:
From my grandmother

From = preposition; my = modifier;grandmother = noun.

Under the warm blanket

Under = preposition; the, warm = modifiers; blanket = noun.

In the weedy, overgrown garden

In = preposition; the, weedy,overgrown = modifiers; garden = noun.

Along the busy, six-lane highway

Along = preposition; the, busy, six-lane = modifiers; highway = noun.

By writing furiously

By = preposition; writing = gerund;furiously = modifier.

Understand what prepositional phrases doin a sentence.

A prepositional phrase will function as anadjective or adverb. As an adjective, the prepositional phrase will answer the questionWhich one? Read these examples:
The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.

Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!

The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold.

Which sweet potatoes? The ones forgotten in the vegetable bin!

The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.

Which note? The one from Beverly! As an adverb, a prepositional phrase will answer questions such as How? When? or Where?
Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice.

How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!
Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.

When did Josh do his begging? Before class!

Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.

Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!

Remember that a prepositional phrase willnever contain the subject of a sentence.

Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject of a verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never find a subject in a prepositional phrase. Look at this example:
Neither of these cookbookscontains the recipe for Manhattan-style squid eyeball stew.

Cookbooks do indeed contain recipes. In this sentence, however, cookbooks is part of the prepositional phrase of these cookbooks.Neitherwhatever a neither isis the subject for the verb contains. Neither is singular, so you need the singular form of the verb, contains. If you incorrectly identifiedcookbooks as the subject, you might writecontain, the plural form, and thus commit a subject-verb agreement error. Some prepositionssuch as along with and in addition to indicate "more to come." They will make you think that you have a plural subject when in fact you don't. Don't fall for that trick either! Read this example:
Tommy, along with the other students, breathed a sigh of relief when Mrs. Markham announced that she was postponing the due date for the research essay.

Logically, more than one student is happy with the news. But Tommy is the only subject of the verbbreathed. His classmates count in the real world, but in the sentence, they don't matter, locked as they are in the prepositional phrase.
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Principio del formulario

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Final del formulario

384. Many of the more common of the Spanish prepositions and prepositional phrases have been learned in previous lessons. For the sake of convenience they are repeated here. The simple prepositions have so many special meanings that some must be studied in detail. 385. The more common of the simple prepositions, with their general and ordinary meanings, are the following:
a, ante, bajo, con, contra, de, to, at, from, of, in, into, on. before, in the presence of. under, below. with. against. of, from, by, about, concerning, on, at, with, on account of, to. from, since. excepto, except, but. hacia, hasta, para, por, segn, towards. as far as, to, until, up to. by, for, to, in order to. for, by, to, through, on account of. according to, as.

desde,

sin, sobre, tras,

without. on, upon, about. after.

durante during. , en, entre, in, on, into, upon, at, of. among, between.

386. The more common prepositional phrases are the following: a. Phrases composed of an adjective or adverb with the preposition a:
conforme a, contrario a, frente a, according to. junto a, near, by, close to.

contrary to.

respeto a,

tocante opposite to, facing. a, about, regarding. dentro de, besides.

} with respect to.

within, inside of.

in regard to,

b. Phrases composed of an adverb with the preposition de:

acerca de, adems de, despus de, after (in time).

alrededor de, around. antes de, cerca de, debajo de, delante de,

detrs de,

after, behind (in place). over, on, above. outside of, except.

before (in time). encima de, near. under. before, in front of (in place). fuera de,

enfrente de, in front of.

ms all de, beyond.

c. Phrases composed of two prepositions with an intervening word:

a causa de, on account of. a fin de, in order to. a pesar de, en cuanto a, in spite of. as to, with respect to.

a fuerza de, by dint of. al lado de, by the side of.

en lugar de, en vez de,

instead of, in place of.

387. The Preposition a. The principal uses of the preposition a, ' to, at, from, of, in, into, on,' are: a. To express time.
a las diez, a medioda, a tiempo, a fines de mayo, A cuntos estamos hoy? Salieron a la madrugada. Est a la puerta. Voy a la escuela. at ten o'clock. at noon. in time. by or towards the end of May. What day of the month is it to-day? They left very early (at dawn). He is at the door. I am going to school. He comes on foot. They kicked him out. They are sold at ten cents apiece. What price are they? at five per cent. Take the book away from John. I bought the book from my uncle.

b. To express position, destination, direction.

c. To express manner or means.

Viene a pie. Lo echaron fuera a patadas.

d. To express price or rate.

Se venden a diez centavos cada uno. A cmo se venden? al cinco por ciento, Qutale el libro a Juan. Le compr el libro a mi to.

e. With verbs meaning ' to take from,' ' buy from,' etc.

f. For the preposition a used as the sign of the object, see44. g. For the preposition a used for the English ' on ' before the present participle, see 125 b.

h. Motion is expressed by a. (For rest expressed by en, see below; see also (b), above.)
Voy a casa. A dnde va? Voy a Espaa el ao que viene. I am going home. Where are you going? I am going to Spain next year.

i. For the preposition a used as the sign of the infinitive, see406. 388. The Preposition en. The principal uses of the preposition en, ' in, on, into, upon, at, of,' are the following: a. To express rest in or on a place or motion in or into a place.
Estamos en Pars. Pngalo en la caja. La comida est en la mesa. Entra ahora en la iglesia. We are in Paris. Put it in the box. The dinner is on the table. He is now going into the church. a week from to-day. to-day. I do not care for foolishness. El libro est en la biblioteca. The book is in the library.

b. To express time and manner.

de hoy en ocho das, en el da de hoy, No me meto en tonteras.

Part 5. EXERCISES
En esta parte podr aplicar lo aprendido, practicar y comprobar que recuerda tanto el vocabulario como la gramtica de la leccin. Si comete errores, se recomienda repasar los temas y volver a realizar los ejercicios.

Exercise 1
Complete los recuadros con How much o How many.
Principio del formulario

birds are there? There are two birds.

money is there? There are three thousand dollars.

dolphins are there? There are two dolphins.

pencils are there? There are thirteen pencils.

books are there? There are three books.

milk is there? There are four litres of milk.

Final del formulario

How much / How many

Se utilizan para preguntar por cantidades de algo. Si se trata de sustantivos contables, se aplica How many. Si se trata de sustantivos incontables, se usa How much.

Estas expresiones siempre van seguidas de un sustantivo; luego, el verbo y el resto de la oracin. How many cars do you have? Cuntos autos tienes? How much money do you have? Cunto dinero tienes? How much se utiliza tambin para preguntar precios. How much is this car? Cunto cuesta este auto? How much are the potatoes? Cunto cuestan las papas? Tambin se usan en forma genrica para preguntar "cunto hay". En este caso, van seguidas del sustantivo y luego, is / are there. How many cars are there? Cuntos autos hay? How much money is there? Cunto dinero hay? A estas preguntas se responde usando There is / are, dependiendo de si se trata de singular o plural, como ya hemos visto en lecciones anteriores. There are nine cars. Hay nueve autos. There is one dollar. Hay un dlar. Para hacer referencia a los sustantivos incontables, se pueden utilizar los envases o las medidas de los envases que los contienen, los cuales s son contables... How much milk is there? Cunta leche hay? There are three litres. Hay tres litros. There are three bottles. Hay tres botellas.

How much - How many (Contables e incontables)

SUNDAY, 18. FEBRUARY 2007, 19:10:54

En ingles cuando queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo incontable, usamos la estructura: How much + sustantivo + is there? Ejemplo: How much milk is there ? = cuanta leche hay ? En las respuestas se puede usar un partitivo no especifico como; a lot ( un montn ), a little ( un poco ), none ( nada ), some ( algo ). Ejemplo: How much milk is there ? = There is a little. Cuanta leche hay ? hay un poco

O por el contrario podemos usar partitivos especificos de unidad o medida o peso para especificar las cantidades; Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = There is a litre, there is a bottle, etc.. Cuanta leche hay? Hay un litro, una botella, etc.. Si queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo contable, usamos la estructura: How many + sustantivo + are there ? Ejemplo: How many oranges are there ? = Cuantas naranjas hay ? En las respuestas se usa: a lot (un monton), a few (unas pocas), too many, (demasiadas), o none ( ninguna), some ( algunas), si queremos especificar cantidades entonces usamos partitivos contables del tipo; un kilo, un litro, un

paquete, una bolsa, one, two, etc.

How much y how many se usan para preguntas en general acerca de cosas, cuando queremos que se nos indique las cantidades que hay, entonces how much y how many van acompaados de is there o are there. Ejemplos: How much water is there? = There is 1 litre. How many students are there? = There are eleven students in class. Tambien existe otra forma de preguntar cuando no estamos seguros de si hay algo o no, y es usando, Is there + any + sustantivo (para incontables) o Are there + any + sustantivos (para contables) Ejemplo: Is there any bread ? - Hay algo de pan? Yes, there is - Si hay Are there any apples? - Hay alguna manzana? Yes there are - Si hay Si quieres especificar la cantidad o cantidades, pues usas there is o there are + partitivo(s) Ejemplo: There is a loaf of bread. Hay una barra de pan. There are two loaves of bread. Hay dos barras de pan. There is an apple. Hay una manzana. There are three apples. Hay tres manzanas. Apuntes especiales. En ingles los lquidos, materias y substancias son incontables, en este apartado debemos de incluir a los siguientes sustantivos que son incontables en ingles: Money - dinero Fruit - fruta Bread - pan

Time - tiempo Chocolate - chocolate Meat - carne Beef - carne (vacuna)

Esta pgina:

How much How Many cunto cuesta? Ejercicios

Pgina 2 : Pgina 3 : How much?

Usamos how much si preguntamos por la cantidad de algo que es incontable* (un sustantivo incontable es uno que no se puede contar*) How much petrol do we need? Cunta gasolina necesitamos? How much milk is there in chocolate? Cunta leche hay en el chocolate? Sin el sustantivo: Como en el castellano, en el ingls no es necesario poner el sustantivo si es obvio por el contexto: John: We need more milk! James: How much do we have? No es necesario que James use millk porque ya es obvio por el contexto.

Nota: *Para saber si un sustantivo es contable o incontable basta con ver si se puede decir con uno, dos, tres Por ejemplo: dos oxgenos o cinco oxgenos no decimos nunca, as que podemos estar seguros que oxgeno es un sustantivo incontable. Listening

el video de esta clase de ingls est ms abajo

How many?

Usamos how many si preguntamos por la cantidad de algo que se puede contar (un sustantivo contable*) How many chairs do we need? Cuntas sillas necesitamos? How many children are in the class? Cunto nios hay en la clase? Sin el sustantivo: Como en el castellano, en el ingls no es necesario poner el sustantivo si es obvio por el contexto: John: We need more chairs! James: How many do we have? No es necesario que James use chairs porque ya es obvio por el contexto.

Nota: *Una regla para saber si hay que usar how many : Si ests esperando que la respuesta a tu pregunta sea un nmero, entonces tienes que usar how many

How much / how many

Click on the buttons until you find the correct answer
Principio del formulario

1 We need some tea. ______ do we need? How much How many

2 We need some eggs. ______ do we need? How much How many

3 We need some paper. ______ do we need? How much How many

4 We need some money. ______ do we need? How much How many

5 ______ cigarettes do you smoke a day? How much How many

6 ______ packets of cigarettes do you have? How much How many

7 ______ work have you got to do? How much How many

8 ______ sleep did you get last night? How much How many

9 ______ children have you got? How much How many

10 ______ bottles of wine are there in the cellar?

How much How many

11 ______ English grammar do you know? How much How many

12 ______ Americans do you know? How much How many

13 ______ sugar do you take in your tea? How much How many

14 ______ apples do you eat in an average week? How much How many

15 ______ fruit do you eat in an average week? How much

How many

16 ______ real friends do you have? How much How many

17 ______ chairs are there in your house? How much How many

18 ______ furniture do you have? How much How many

19 ______ traffic was there on the motorway today? How much How many

20 ______ times must I tell you? How much How many

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Do we use a, an or some for these words?
Principio del formulario

book wine some rice apple music tomato rain cassette egg food
Final del formulario

Look at these rules

We use "a" with objects we can count the begin with a consonant Example: a book We use "some" with object we can not count Example:some milk We use "an" with object we can count that begin with a vowel Example: an orange

Asking questions for countable and uncountable objects Complete the questions using much or many
Principio del formulario

How

money do you have?

How How How How How How How

people live in your city? does that book cost? rice is there? apples are there in the basket? petrol do we need? children are in the class? teachers do you have?
Final del formulario

Ejercicios: Much or Many?

Podras completar las siguientes frases utilizando MUCH y MANYde la manera correcta?

1. I have eaten so ice-cream cones. 2. We need employees for the company. 3. There are accidents in this street. 4. Have you had cars in your life? 5. exercises were very difficult. 6. You didnt do so effort.

7. I have questions to ask you. 8. workers took part in the new project. 9. Paris has places to visit. 10. I have read novels during the summer.

1. So wine were spoilt in the carpet. 2. men were injured in the accident. 3. There was so rain last night during the concert. 4. You can find information in those books. 5. You can do the exercise in different ways. 6. students hate doing the homework. 7. Is there milk in that carton? 8. So people know about your activities. 9. It is necessary to have so knowledge to solve the problem. 10. I have lived in England for years.

VER SOLUCIN

Solucin del ejercicio sobre el uso de Much or Many

Ya completaste estas frases utilizando MUCH y MANY?... Si ya lo has hecho, verifica si tus respuestas son correctas con la siguientesolucin:

1. I have eaten so many ice-cream cones. 2. We need many employees for the company. 3. There are many accidents in this street. 4. Have you had many cars in your life? 5. Many exercises were very difficult. 6. You didnt do so much effort. 7. I have many questions to ask you. 8. Many workers took part in the new project. 9. Paris has many places to visit. 10. I have read many novels during the summer.

1. So much wine were spoilt in the carpet. 2. Many men were injured in the accident. 3. There was so much rain last night during the concert. 4. You can find much information in those books. 5. You can do the exercise in many different ways. 6. Many students hate doing the homework. 7. Is there much milk in that carton? 8. So many people know about your activities. 9. It is necessary to have so much knowledge to solve the problem. 10. I have lived in England for many years.
Principio del formulario

Apostrophes
Final del formulario

Rule 1.

Use the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been removed. Examples : don't, isn't You're right. She's a great teacher.

Rule 2.

Use the apostrophe to show possession. Place the apostrophe before the s to show singular possession. Examples : one boy's hat one woman's hat one actress's hat one child's hat Ms. Chang's house NOTE: Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the second s added in possessive form, it is preferred. Mr. Jones's golf clubs Texas's weather Ms. Straus's daughter Jose Sanchez's artwork Dr. Hastings's appointment (name is Hastings) Mrs. Lees's books (name is Lees)

Rule 3.

Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied. Example : This was his father's, not his, jacket.

Rule 4.

To show plural possession, make the noun plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe. Examples two boys' hats

Apostrophes in Contractions
A contraction is when you shorten a word for convenience, such as: cant, Ive, its. So the apostrophe replaces letters and spaces that are taken out: Can not = Cant (replacing: [space],n,o) I have = Ive (replacing: [space],h,a) It is = Its (replacing [space],i)

No matter how many letters you remove, you only use one apostrophe to represent them. Apostrophes dont always come in the middle of words, they can be at the beginning:

Read on

Grammar Mistakes and Easy Fixes Writing Help: The Use of Apostrophe Common Misuse of the Apostrophe Until = til (replacing u,n) Around = round (replacing a)

Apostrophes in Exceptional Contractions

There are some examples that dont follow the normal rules. For example: Is not = Isnt, which replaces [space] and o but not consecutively. Logically it should be Isnt but the first apostrophe is ignored. Others include: Will not = Wont Shall not = Shant "Is not" or is it not = Isnt

There are also vernacular or slang terms in modern use such as aint, which is a corruption of is it not or isnt: Is it not = very formal Isnt it = regular Aint it = vernacular

The common theme is that the apostrophe goes where the o in not would go.

Apostrophes in Possessives
A possessive indicates that something belongs to someone or something; that they possess it.

For instance: It is James ball Helens mum The dogs bed The tables leg

The thing can belong to a person or an object but the rules are the same: the apostrophe comes between the last letter of the name and the s, so: Helens Bens Cats Chairs

This is a singular possessive, there is only one cat that the collar belongs to, only one Ben that the money belongs to and only one chair that the cushion belongs to. Cats without an apostrophe becomes a plural: there are many cats or there are lots of chairs. If the cushions belong to lots of chairs or the collars belong to lots of cats you do not always write catss or chairss. Instead, it is common to miss off the last s, making: chairs and cats. So: The chairs cushions and the cats collars. This is the same for any name ending in s. So: Chris baseball Kas bag The mass voice The gas odour

Its and Its

One of the most common confusions is between its and its. Its is a contraction of it is". Its is a possessive but does not require an apostrophe, the same as hers, his or yours. Example of use: Its a beautiful day = It is a beautiful day

You cant give it its food yet = You can't give it the food that belongs to it yet Its its birthday today = It is its birthday today

2008 Marion Grace Woolley

Read more at Suite101: When to Use an Apostrophe: Understanding English Grammar: Apostrophes http://copyediting-grammarstyle.suite101.com/article.cfm/when_to_use_an_apostrophe#ixzz0vwvknti Y

Some, Any
Some = a little, a few or a small number or amount Any = one, some or all Usually, we use some in positive (+) sentences and any in negative (-) and question (?) sentences. some + I have somemoney. any example situation I have $10. I don't I don't have have anymoney. $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0. Do you Do you have have anymoney? $1 or $10 or $1,000,000?

In general, we use something/anything and somebody/anybody i n the same way as some/any. Look at these examples:

He needs some stamps.

I must go. I have some homework to do. I'm thirsty. I want something to drink. I can see somebody coming. He doesn't need any stamps. I can stay. I don't have any homework to do. I'm not thirsty. I don't want anything to drink. I can't see anybody coming. Does he need any stamps? Do you have any homework to do? Do you want anything to drink? Can you see anybody coming?

We use any in a positive sentence when the real sense is negative.

I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money) She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty)

Sometimes we use some in a question, when we expect a positive YES answer. (We could say that it is not a real question, because we think we know the answer already.)

Would you like some more tea? Could I have some sugar, please?

Use of Any and Some

Read the conversation below: Barbara: Is there any milk left? Katherine: Yes, there is some in the bottle on the table. Barbara: Would you like some milk? Katherine: No, thank you. I don't think I'll drink any tonight. Could I have some water, please? Barbara: Sure. There is some in the fridge.

Barbara: Do you know anybody who comes from China? Katherine: Yes, I think there is someone who is Chinese in my English class. Barbara: Great, could you ask him some questions for me? Katherine: No problem. Is there anything special you want me to ask? Barbara: No, I don't have anything in particular in mind. Maybe you could ask him some questions about life in China. Is that OK? Katherine: I would be happy to do that for you. Look at the chart below:

Some / Any
Para referirse a sustantivos incontables directamente, se usan las palabrassome y any. Como norma general, some se aplica en las oraciones afirmativas, mientras que any se usa en las oraciones interrogativas y negativas. Is there any sugar? Hay azcar? Yes, there is some sugar. S, hay algo de azcar. No, there isn't any sugar. No, no hay nada de azcar. Estas palabras tambin pueden usarse con sustantivos contables... Is there any pencil? Hay algn lpiz? Yes, there are some pencils. S, hay algunos lpices. No, there isn't any pencil. No, no hay ningn lpiz.

Should and Shouldn't - Use

We use should and shouldn't to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong. You should means something like I think it is a good idea for you to do it. You shouldn't means something like I think

it is a bad idea for you to do it.

Should is used to express the opinion of a speaker and often follows I think or I don't think.

Examples

You look tired. I think you should take a few days off. Alice works very long hours. She should to talk to her boss. - I have an English test tomorrow. - I shouldn't worry if I were you. You have worked really hard. - I never have enough money. - I don't think you should go out so much.
Should - Quick Grammar Note

To give advice to someone you can also say:

I should do it if I were you. I shouldn't be so rude, if I were you.

When you regret not doing something in the past, you can say:

I shouldn't have spoken to him like that. I should have apologized earlier.

Should or Shouldn't - Practice

Exercise. Chose should or shouldn't.
Principio del formulario

1. You

be so selfish. smoke so much.

2. I don't think you

3. You

exercise more. try to speak to her. go on a diet.

4. I think you

5. You are overweight. You

6. Where

we park our car? never speak to your mother like this. spend so much time in front of the

7. You

8. The kids

TV.
9.

I tell her the truth or should I say nothing? reserve our holiday in advance.

10. I think we

Check It!
Final del formulario

Tip! We do not use shouldn't where there isn't any obligation at all. Instead we use don't have to or don't need to. CURSO DE INGLES GRATIS
TUESDAY, MARCH 21

El uso de should en ingls

Should es un verbo modal. Verbos modales 'ayudan' a otros verbos. Es decir se usan con otros verbos para expresar diferentes funciones. Should se usa para dar consejos. se forma: Afirmativos

Se usa should + el infinitivo sin to Se usa should con todas las personas sin cambiar su forma I you he/she/it + should + infinitivo sin to we they EJEMPLO: He should work harder. (deberia trabajar mas). Negativos Se usa shouldn't con todas las personas sin cambiar su forma I you he/she/it + shouldn't + infinitivo sin to we they EJEMPLO: We shouldn't arrive late. (No deberiamos llegar tarde). Preguntas Should + sujeto + verbo infinitivo sin to EJEMPLO: Should I study this chapter for the exam? (Deberia estudiar este capitulo para el examen?) Repuestas cortas Should I go to the party? Yes you should. No you shouldn't. Se usa: 1. Para dar consejos EJEMPLO You should do your homework. (deberias hacer tus deberes)

2. Para expresar tu opinion sobre lo que alguien deberia hacer en una situacin EJEMPLO I think you should work harder. (creo que deberias trabajar ms) 3. Para hablar del pasado se usa should have + verbo infinitivo sin to EJEMPLO You should have told me you were going to arrive late. Completar el ejercicio con frases utilizando should para dar consejos y despues conseguir las respuestas en: Ejercicios ingls, el uso de should 1. Ive got a headache. You ..................................................(drink/water). 2. Ive forgotten my books. You..........................................(tell/teacher). 3. My back hurts. You...........................................................(go/doctor's). 4. The house is very untidy. You..........................................(tidy). 5. I've got toothache. You......................................................(see/dentist).

LESSON 45 Verbos modales (IV) - "Should"

El verbo modal "should" se utiliza para indicar conveniencia:

You should come with us. T deberas venir con nosotros I should study German. Yo debera estudiar alemn He should work harder. El debera trabajar ms duro

Se diferencia, por tanto, de "must", ya que ste indica obligacin:

You must do your homework. T debes hacer tus deberes You should do your homework. T deberas hacer tus deberes

Tambin se utiliza "should" para indicar que algo es probable que ocurra en el futuro:
She has studied so hard that she Ella ha estudiado tanto que should pass her exams. debera aprobar sus exmenes I should be at home by 10 o'clock. Yo debera estar en casa antes

de las 10

Su forma negativa es "should not" (o la abreviada "shouldn't"):

She shouldn't go alone. Ella no debera ir sola You shouldn't be so disagreeable. T no deberas ser tan desagradable He shouldn't come back so late. El no debera volver tan tarde

En el pasado se utiliza la forma "should + have + past participle del verbo principal" para indicar lo que se debera haber hecho y no se hizo:
You should have called me. T deberas haberme telefoneado She should have prepared her exams. Ella debera haber preparado sus exmenes My brother should have come. Mi hermano debera haber venido

PARTS OF THE BODY

LEG - PIERNA ankle buttock calf femur foot, feet heel heelbone instep knee kneecap metatarsus patella phalanges tobillo nalga pantorrilla fmur pie, pies taln calcneo empeine rodilla rtula metatarso rtula falanges

shin shinbone splint bone tarsus thigh thighbone toe

canilla tibia peron tarso muslo fmur dedo del pie

ARM - BRAZO elbow finger fingertip fist forearm hand humerus index finger knuckle little finger middle finger nail palm phalanx ring finger radius second phalanx shoulder third phalanx thumb ulna upper arm wrist codo dedo yema del dedo puo antebrazo mano hmero ndice nudillo meique dedo medio ua palma de la mano falange anular radio falangina hombro falangeta pulgar cbito brazo mueca

HEAD - CABEZA beard brain canine tooth cheek chin dimple ear eye eyebrow eyelash eyelid forehead freckle gum hair hard palate incisors lips lower jaw lower lip molars moustache mouth neck nose nostrils palate premolars pupil sideboards (GB) sideburns (US) tongue tonsil barba cerebro colmillo mejilla mentn hoyuelo oreja ojo ceja pestaa prpado frente peca enca cabello paladar duro incisivos labios mandbula inferior labio inferior molares bigote boca cuello nariz agujeros de la nariz paladar premolares pupila patillas patillas lengua amgdala

tooth, teeth throat upper jaw upper lip uvula wisdom tooth

diente, dientes garganta mandbula superior labio superior campanilla muela de juicio

TRUNK - TRONCO abdomen armpit back belly bladder breasts chest groin heart hip kidney liver lung loins navel nipple spleen stomach thorax waist abdomen axila espalda vientre vejiga pechos pecho ingle corazn cadera rin hgado pulmn zona lumbar ombligo pezn bazo estmago trax cintura

SKELETON - ESQUELETO backbone breast bone carpal columna vertebral esternn carpo

clavicle, collarbone eye socket femur hipbone humerus kneecap mandible pelvis phalanx radius rib scapula shinbone shoulder blade skull spine sternum

clavcula cuenca del ojo fmur ilion hmero rtula mandbula pelvis falange radio costilla omplato tibia omplato crneo columna vertebral esternn

Vocabulario Bsico
1. 2. 3. 4. Qu? - What? Qu Pasa? - What's up? Qu Te Pasa? - What's Up? o What's The Matter? Qu tal? - How are you? (A veces se usa de una manera ms comn del argot) 5. Qu quieres? - What Do You Want? 6. Quiero - I Want 7. Quieres - You Want 8. Necesito - I Need 9. Necesitas - You Need 10.Hola! - Hello or Hi! 11.Mas o Menos - More Or Less 12.Un Poco - A bit 13.Vamos - Let's Go 14.Me Voy - I'm Going or I'm Gone 15.Tocar - Touch or Play (un instrumento) 16.Amor - Love

17.Te Amo - I love You! (sta frase se usa de una manera ms formal y seria para expresar a alguien que usted realmente ama como un prometido/a o un esposo/a o sus hijos) 18.Te Quiero - I Love You!(la traduccin realmente es "t me gustas o yo te deseo!" pero cas siempre lo utilizan para expresarle a alguien en trmino no muy formal o seria, como por ejemplo a alguien que sea un amigo/a, primos, to/a o a alguien que an no se a formalizado un relacion como un novio/a) 19.No s - I don't know 20.Lo s - I know 21.Dond vas? - Where Are You Going?
Notificacin de artculo que est propuesto a hacer una fusin

ste artculo ha sido propuesto a hacer una fusin con el siguiente artculo: Cmo aprender frases bsicas en ingls

Por varias razones, como por ejemplo, dos o mas artculos con titulos diferentes pero contienen la misma informacin o lo suficientemente similares como para unirlos o combinarlos en uno solo artculo. Si no ests de acuerdo con la fusin puedes debatirlo en la pgina de discusin del mismo.

Favor de recordar que el objetivo de funsionar los articulos es que tambin puedan armonizar con el formato o los estndares descrito en la gua del escritor. Usted puede ayudar a wikiHow, mejorando los estndares de calidad solicitado en el formato del gua del escritorfunsionandolo e reeditandolo, por favor haga unclic aqu y as nos puede ayudar en mejorar el articulo y hacerlo ms atractivo para el lector. Cuando termines, por favor, remueva este aviso. Note que en el aviso se le tiene que agregar manualmente la fecha: aprender frases bsicas en ingls

descripcin

Sabe cmo decir las cosas comunes en ingls? Usted est intentando hablar el ingls, pero no tiene el tiempo o el dinero para viajar a los Estados Unidos o a Inglaterra o de matricularse en un

programa que aprenda formalmente. Eso es aceptable. La mejor manera de aprender ingls es utilizarlo - entre ms usted lo practique, ms gente lo entender, y ms usted aprender! El problema es que usted no puede comenzar a hablar ingls hasta que usted sepa qu decir. Sentido comn, verdad? Aqu estn algunas palabras y frases en ingls bsicos para que as usted pueda comenzar a construir su vocabulario y a desarrollar las habilidades bsicas de entender la lengua. Al mismo tiempo, usted comienzar a aprender la gramtica, sus pronunciaciones, sus significados, etc. Incluso si usted se olvida de una palabra o de una frase especfica en el camino, usted entender lo que le estan diciendo o escribiendo. Y por lo menos buscar una manera de contestar a lo que recuerda como expresarlo.
[editar ] Vocabulario

Bsico

1. 2. 3. 4.

Qu? - What? Qu Pasa? - What's up? Qu Te Pasa? - What's Up? o What's The Matter? Qu tal? - How are you? (A veces se usa de una manera ms comn del argot) 5. Qu quieres? - What Do You Want? 6. Quiero - I Want 7. Quieres - You Want 8. Necesito - I Need 9. Necesitas - You Need 10.Hola! - Hello or Hi! 11.Mas o Menos - More Or Less 12.Un Poco - A bit 13.Vamos - Let's Go 14.Me Voy - I'm Going or I'm Gone 15.Tocar - Touch or Play (un instrumento) 16.Amor - Love 17.Te Amo - I love You! (sta frase se usa de una manera ms formal y seria para expresar a alguien que usted realmente ama como un prometido/a o un esposo/a o sus hijos) 18.Te Quiero - I Love You!(la traduccin realmente es "t me gustas o yo te deseo!" pero cas siempre lo utilizan para expresarle a alguien en trmino no muy formal o seria, como por ejemplo a alguien que sea un amigo/a, primos, to/a o a alguien que an no se a formalizado un relacion como un novio/a)

19.No s - I don't know 20.Lo s - I know 21.Dond vas? - Where Are You Going? 22.Dond estas? - Where Are You? 23.Muy Bien - Very Good 24.Mala/Malo - Bad 25.Pero - But 26.Chica - Girl 27.Chico - Boy 28.Nena o nia - Little girl 29.Nio - Little boy 30.De dond eres? - Where are you from? 31.Me duele la cabeza - I have a headache 32.No me digas - Don't tell me or you're kidding 33.No seas asi - Don't be like that. 34.(No) me gusta - I (don't) like it. 35.Adis - Goodbye 36.Cul es su nombre? - What's your name? 37.Cuntos aos tiene? - How old are you? 38.Cundo es tu cumpleaos? - When is your birthday? 39.Dnde estn los baos? - Where is the bathroom? 40.Dnde est el restaurante? - Where is the restaurant? 41.Cunto cuesta eso? - How much is that? 42.Que haces todos los dias? - What do you do everyday? 43.Te necesito - I need you. 44.Dnde vives? - Where do you live? 45.Qu idioma hablas? - What language do you speak? (Language se pronuncia "lanwuich"). 46.Lo que sea - What ever. 47.Por favor regresa - Please come back. 48.Eres mi angel - You're my Angel. 49.Aqui vamos de nuevo - Here we go again. 50.Mirame - Look at me. 51.Esta noche - Tonight. 52.Maana - Tomorrow. 53.Hoy - Today. 54.Mucho mejor - Much better.

55.Qu haces? - What are you doing?

[editar ] Consejos

Una vez que usted haya dominado estas palabras y frases, continue ampliando su conocimiento en el idioma! Recuerde que, entre ms usted practique ms fcil le ser utilizarlo. Y as se sentir ms seguro a utilizarlos en situaciones verdaderas del mundo. Cuando menos se lo espere, usted comenzar a ganar ms habilidad en entender y hablar el idioma, y entonces usted puede comenzar ampliar su vocabulario y a expresarse en unos trminos ms complejos. Aprender un idioma es toda una aventura que nunca termina. Goce del viaje!'

[editar ] Advertencias

Debe tener cuidado en la pronunciacin ya que de por s, es muy diferente a la pronunciacin del espaol. Sin contar que entre la pronunciacin americana difiere de la britnica. Tambin debe tomar en cuenta los argot o slogan americanos y britnicos. A veces ayuda ver programacin de habla inglesa para que su adicin se vaya adaptando a la pronunciacin y los argot de cada pas.

[editar ] Referencias

Dictionary of the RAE Real Academia Espaola's official Spanish language dictionary 1. Dond estas? - Where Are You? 2. Muy Bien - Very Good 3. Mala/Malo - Bad 4. Pero - But 5. Chica - Girl 6. Chico - Boy 7. Nena o nia - Little girl 8. Nio - Little boy 9. De dond eres? - Where are you from? 10.Me duele la cabeza - I have a headache 11.No me digas - Don't tell me or you're kidding 12.No seas asi - Don't be like that.

13.(No) me gusta - I (don't) like it. 14.Adis - Goodbye 15.Cul es su nombre? - What's your name? 16.Cuntos aos tiene? - How old are you? 17.Cundo es tu cumpleaos? - When is your birthday? 18.Dnde estn los baos? - Where is the bathroom? 19.Dnde est el restaurante? - Where is the restaurant?
Notificacin de artculo que est propuesto a hacer una fusin

ste artculo ha sido propuesto a hacer una fusin con el siguiente artculo: Cmo aprender frases bsicas en ingls

Por varias razones, como por ejemplo, dos o mas artculos con titulos diferentes pero contienen la misma informacin o lo suficientemente similares como para unirlos o combinarlos en uno solo artculo. Si no ests de acuerdo con la fusin puedes debatirlo en la pgina de discusin del mismo.

Favor de recordar que el objetivo de funsionar los articulos es que tambin puedan armonizar con el formato o los estndares descrito en la gua del escritor. Usted puede ayudar a wikiHow, mejorando los estndares de calidad solicitado en el formato del gua del escritorfunsionandolo e reeditandolo, por favor haga unclic aqu y as nos puede ayudar en mejorar el articulo y hacerlo ms atractivo para el lector. Cuando termines, por favor, remueva este aviso. Note que en el aviso se le tiene que agregar manualmente la fecha: aprender frases bsicas en ingls

descripcin

Sabe cmo decir las cosas comunes en ingls? Usted est intentando hablar el ingls, pero no tiene el tiempo o el dinero para viajar a los Estados Unidos o a Inglaterra o de matricularse en un programa que aprenda formalmente. Eso es aceptable. La mejor manera de aprender ingls es utilizarlo - entre ms usted lo practique, ms gente lo entender, y ms usted aprender! El problema es que usted no puede comenzar a hablar ingls hasta

que usted sepa qu decir. Sentido comn, verdad? Aqu estn algunas palabras y frases en ingls bsicos para que as usted pueda comenzar a construir su vocabulario y a desarrollar las habilidades bsicas de entender la lengua. Al mismo tiempo, usted comienzar a aprender la gramtica, sus pronunciaciones, sus significados, etc. Incluso si usted se olvida de una palabra o de una frase especfica en el camino, usted entender lo que le estan diciendo o escribiendo. Y por lo menos buscar una manera de contestar a lo que recuerda como expresarlo.
[editar ] Vocabulario

Bsico

1. 2. 3. 4.

Qu? - What? Qu Pasa? - What's up? Qu Te Pasa? - What's Up? o What's The Matter? Qu tal? - How are you? (A veces se usa de una manera ms comn del argot) 5. Qu quieres? - What Do You Want? 6. Quiero - I Want 7. Quieres - You Want 8. Necesito - I Need 9. Necesitas - You Need 10.Hola! - Hello or Hi! 11.Mas o Menos - More Or Less 12.Un Poco - A bit 13.Vamos - Let's Go 14.Me Voy - I'm Going or I'm Gone 15.Tocar - Touch or Play (un instrumento) 16.Amor - Love 17.Te Amo - I love You! (sta frase se usa de una manera ms formal y seria para expresar a alguien que usted realmente ama como un prometido/a o un esposo/a o sus hijos) 18.Te Quiero - I Love You!(la traduccin realmente es "t me gustas o yo te deseo!" pero cas siempre lo utilizan para expresarle a alguien en trmino no muy formal o seria, como por ejemplo a alguien que sea un amigo/a, primos, to/a o a alguien que an no se a formalizado un relacion como un novio/a) 19.No s - I don't know 20.Lo s - I know 21.Dond vas? - Where Are You Going?

22.Dond estas? - Where Are You? 23.Muy Bien - Very Good 24.Mala/Malo - Bad 25.Pero - But 26.Chica - Girl 27.Chico - Boy 28.Nena o nia - Little girl 29.Nio - Little boy 30.De dond eres? - Where are you from? 31.Me duele la cabeza - I have a headache 32.No me digas - Don't tell me or you're kidding 33.No seas asi - Don't be like that. 34.(No) me gusta - I (don't) like it. 35.Adis - Goodbye 36.Cul es su nombre? - What's your name? 37.Cuntos aos tiene? - How old are you? 38.Cundo es tu cumpleaos? - When is your birthday? 39.Dnde estn los baos? - Where is the bathroom? 40.Dnde est el restaurante? - Where is the restaurant? 41.Cunto cuesta eso? - How much is that? 42.Que haces todos los dias? - What do you do everyday? 43.Te necesito - I need you. 44.Dnde vives? - Where do you live? 45.Qu idioma hablas? - What language do you speak? (Language se pronuncia "lanwuich"). 46.Lo que sea - What ever. 47.Por favor regresa - Please come back. 48.Eres mi angel - You're my Angel. 49.Aqui vamos de nuevo - Here we go again. 50.Mirame - Look at me. 51.Esta noche - Tonight. 52.Maana - Tomorrow. 53.Hoy - Today. 54.Mucho mejor - Much better. 55.Qu haces? - What are you doing?
[editar ] Consejos

Una vez que usted haya dominado estas palabras y frases, continue ampliando su conocimiento en el idioma! Recuerde que, entre ms usted practique ms fcil le ser utilizarlo. Y as se sentir ms seguro a utilizarlos en situaciones verdaderas del mundo. Cuando menos se lo espere, usted comenzar a ganar ms habilidad en entender y hablar el idioma, y entonces usted puede comenzar ampliar su vocabulario y a expresarse en unos trminos ms complejos. Aprender un idioma es toda una aventura que nunca termina. Goce del viaje!'

[editar ] Advertencias

Debe tener cuidado en la pronunciacin ya que de por s, es muy diferente a la pronunciacin del espaol. Sin contar que entre la pronunciacin americana difiere de la britnica. Tambin debe tomar en cuenta los argot o slogan americanos y britnicos. A veces ayuda ver programacin de habla inglesa para que su adicin se vaya adaptando a la pronunciacin y los argot de cada pas.

[editar ] Referencias

Dictionary of the RAE Real Academia Espaola's official Spanish language dictionary 1. Cunto cuesta eso? - How much is that? 2. Que haces todos los dias? - What do you do everyday? 3. Te necesito - I need you. 4. Dnde vives? - Where do you live? 5. Qu idioma hablas? - What language do you speak? (Language se pronuncia "lanwuich"). 6. Lo que sea - What ever. 7. Por favor regresa - Please come back. 8. Eres mi angel - You're my Angel. 9. Aqui vamos de nuevo - Here we go again. 10.Mirame - Look at me. 11.Esta noche - Tonight. 12.Maana - Tomorrow. 13.Hoy - Today. 14.Mucho mejor - Much better.

15.Qu haces? - What are you doing?

[editar ] Consejos

Una vez que usted haya dominado estas palabras y frases, continue ampliando su conocimiento en el idioma! Recuerde que, entre ms usted practique ms fcil le ser utilizarlo. Y as se sentir ms seguro a utilizarlos en situaciones verdaderas del mundo. Cuando menos se lo espere, usted comenzar a ganar ms habilidad en entender y hablar el idioma, y entonces usted puede comenzar ampliar su vocabulario y a expresarse en unos trminos ms complejos. Aprender un idioma es toda una aventura que nunca termina. Goce del viaje!'

[editar ] Advertencias

Debe tener cuidado en la pronunciacin ya que de por s, es muy diferente a la pronunciacin del espaol. Sin contar que entre la pronunciacin americana difiere de la britnica. Tambin debe tomar en cuenta los argot o slogan americanos y britnicos. A veces ayuda ver programacin de habla inglesa para que su adicin se vaya adaptando a la pronunciacin y los argot de cada pas.
En esta leccin hablaremos de las partes del cuerpo en el idioma ingls y de algunos verbos relacionados. Vocabulario : Partes del cuerpo / Parts of the body Figura 1

Traduccin (Cabeza y cara): - Eye : Ojo - Nose : Nariz - Tooth : Diente (Teeth : dientes) - Hair : Cabello - Ear : Oreja

- Mouth : Boca - Lips : Labios - Neck : Cuello Figura #2

Traduccin (Brazo y pierna): - Shoulder : Hombro - Arm : Brazo - Thumb : Pulgar (Pinky : dedo meique) - Nail : Ua - Finger : Dedo - Hand : Mano - Leg : Pierna - Knee : Rodilla - Foot : Pie (Feet : Pies) - Toes : Dedos del pie Figura #3

Traduccin (Resto del cuerpo): - Chest / Bust : Pecho / Busto (mujeres) - Skin : Piel - Stomach : Barriga / Estomago - Back : Espalda

- Waist : Cintura - Hips : caderas Figura #4

Resto del cuerpo (Vocabulario Extra) - Forehead : Frente - Cheek : Mejilla - Eyebrows : Cejas - Wrist : Mueca - Elbow : Codo - Bottom : Trasero (Tambien se dice butt, behind o rear) - Thigh : Muslo - Ankle : Tobillo - Heel :Talon EXERCISES (Figura #5)

GRAMMAR (for parts of the body) * We usually use my, your, his, her etc (Possessive adjectives) with parts of the body. Example. - I need to wash my hands. - Sally is sick. Her head hurts. *Common Verbs to use with body parts: - to hurt to shake nod Verbos relacionados - to breathe to smile to frown to laugh to bend- to cry * FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE VOCABULARY IN USE (Cambridge)

Algunas razones para aprender ingls

Filed under: divulgacin,lenguaje,mente,pensamiento Ernesto Snchez de Cos Escuin @ 12:35 pm

Se ha dicho que Espaa es el pas en el que uno siempre est aprendiendo ingls, y no deja de ser cierto: el aprendizaje del idioma es, por lo general, tan deficiente en nuestro pas, que uno no para de apuntarse a cursos en los que nunca consigue aprender a comunicarse correctamente.

Mi experiencia es que chapurrear en ingls es relativamente fcil, pero que aprender a comunicarse correctamente requiere mucho tiempo. Siempre hay que huir de aquellos que nos ofrecen aprender el idioma en seis meses, o con mil

palabras, etc.,etc. Es imposible, al menos a una cierta edad, aprender ingls sin un considerable esfuerzo. Merece la pena ese esfuerzo? A esta pregunta trata de dar respuesta este corto artculo. Hay circunstancias, de tipo personal, laboral, que nos pueden exigir el conocimiento correcto del ingls, pero en estos casos no es que el esfuerzo merezca la pena, sino que las circunstancias nos imponen dicho aprendizaje. Yo me refiero aqu a una persona corriente, para la que el conocimiento del ingls puede ser recomendable, pero ni mucho menos necesario, para su desarrollo personal o para su desempeo laboral. Qu le puede aportar a una persona normal el esfuerzo que supone aprender correctamente el ingls? Yo creo que mucho, pero no tanto por el hecho de conocer una nueva lengua como por los cambios que eso supone en el cerebro de quien la estudia. Desde este punto de vista, el artculo se podra haber titulado Algunas razones para aprender chino. No obstante, y dado que el ingls es el idioma ms extendido, si no en cuanto a hablantes s al menos geogrficamente, prefer titularlo as. De cualquier forma, el acceso por internet a muchas pginas webs inglesas que ofrecen informacin, servicios, productos, multiplican las razones prcticas del aprendizaje del ingls, aunque para estos usos nos bastara con traducir correctamente.

Yo creo, aunque no es ms que una opinin, que la plasticidad cerebral que requiere el aprendizaje de una lengua bien distinta a la materna, supone un entrenamiento cerebral excelente. Todo lo que sea un cambio de paradigma para el cerebro, y el ingls no cabe duda de que lo es, debe contribuir a mantener un cerebro joven, incluso ms que materias muy arduas pero que implican un menor cambio adaptativo. Aprender ingls, para un espaol, es un cambio revolucionario en el modo de pensar, de estructurar,

mientras que jugar al ajedrez, o resolver sudokus o crucigramas, no supone un cambio de paradigma, aunque constituya un buen ejercicio. Por supuesto, creo que existe una diferencia importante en hacerse bilinge desde el nacimiento o lograrlo a los cuarenta, pero no me cabe duda de que los cambios que acontecen en el cerebro son notables en ambos casos. Desconozco si existen estudios que comparen la incidencia de Alzheimer entre personas con una sola lengua y personas que manejan indistintamente dos lenguas muy diferentes. Sabemos que el Alzheimer tiene un importante componente gentico, pero una posible diferencia estadsticamente significativa en un estudio de este tipo podra sugerirnos la posibilidad de la influencia del medio. De hecho, se ha sugerido, y parece que hay algunos estudios que avalan el ejercicio mental como ayuda para la prevencin, pero no todos los ejercicios mentales estimulan la plasticidad cerebral de la misma forma.

Aunque esta analoga no sea muy exacta, podramos comparar un lenguaje con el sistema operativo de un ordenador. Un lenguaje sera el Windows y otro el Linux, por poner un ejemplo, y uno de ellos sera ms apropiado que el otro para determinadas aplicaciones, y viceversa. Se ha escrito muchas veces que el ingls es ms apropiado que el espaol para el pensamiento cientfico. No s si ser as, pero desde luego resulta ms apropiado para la lgica formal, y lo explicar con un sencillo ejemplo. Nosotros decimos, por ejemplo, yo no tengo nada, y desde un punto de vista estrictamente lgico eso significara que tenemos algo, porque estamos empleando una doble negacin. Los ingleses, sin embargo, diran I have not anything. Podramos multiplicar ejemplos de este tipo. Si la analoga es afortunada, ser bilinge supondra algo as como tener un cerebro ms verstil, menos rgido, ms adaptable para diferentes requerimientos.

 Hace aos pensaba que aprender ingls, a no ser que fuese por un inters meramente prctico e inmediato, no mereca la pena. Crea que no aprendas nada nuevo, sino tan slo una forma diferente de decir las cosas. Hoy s que estaba completamente equivocado, y que se trataba de un prejuicio juvenil dictado por la ignorancia. Para empezar, hay cosas que slo se pueden decir igual en el idioma original, y que cualquier traduccin lo invalida y, adems, aprender un idioma no es slamente aprender otra forma de decir las cosas. Es mucho ms que eso: es aprender otra forma de pensar. Creo que fue Ortega quien, refirindose a Madariaga que lea y escriba en tres idiomas -, dijo de forma despectiva que se poda ser tonto en tres idiomas, pero hoy no me cabe duda de que esa fue una ms de las muchas frivolidades orteguianas.