Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ȱ¤£
3XEOLFDGDHQ7HDWUR9LYR%XHQRV$LUHV
(OOHQJXDMHTXHODOHQJXDQRSURQXQFLD
TXHSURQXQFLDODOHMDQtD
GLFH:DUV]DZD
0LJQyQ
5DFKHOD
RMXVWRDQWHVGHODJXHUUD%RUGDGHXQEDUFR/DVGRVPXMHUHV
PLUDQ HO SDLVDMH YLVWHQ FRQ FLHUWD HOHJDQFLD OOHYDQ VRPEULOODV 5DFKHOD
VXIUHGHOPDOGHOPDU
0LJQyQ(VDVtXVWHGMXQWDDLUHGHQWURGHODERFD\QRORVXHOWDQRORVXHOWD
KDVWDTXHSDVDODDUFDGD¢&RPSUHQGH"
5DFKHODDVLHQWH
0LJQyQ(UDERQLWR(O+DYUH¢/HJXVWy"
5DFKHODDVLHQWH
0LJQyQ 0X\ FRORULGR ¢/H JXVWDURQ ODV FDVWDxDV DVDGDV TXH FRPSUy
6FKORPR"
5DFKHOD6t
0LJQyQ¢/DVKDEtDSUREDGRDQWHV"
5DFKHOD KDEOD FRQ GLILFXOWDG 3DGUH VROtD WUDpUQRVODV FXDQGR YLDMDED D
9DUVRYLD«
0LJQyQ¢3DGUH"¢6XSDGUH"
5DFKHODDVLHQWH
5DFKHOD+D\XQSHUIXPHHQHOFDPDURWHDORPHMRUVLORKXHORVHPHSDVH
HOPDOHVWDU
0LJQyQ&XDQGRGLJD³SHUIXPH´5DFKHODGLJDVLHPSUH³SHUIXPHIUDQFpV´
TXHTXHGDPHMRU«¢&yPRIXHTXHSXGRVXSDGUHLUD9DUVRYLDDOJXQDYH]"
5DFKHOD)XH
0LJQyQ1XQFDORKXELHUDLPDJLQDGR
5DFKHOD1RVLHPSUHIXLPRVSREUHV
0LJQyQ$K¢QR"
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQ ¢3HUR \D KDFH PXFKR WLHPSR GH FXDQGR HVWDEDQ HQ PHMRU
VLWXDFLyQ"
5DFKHODWLHQHXQDFFHVRGHDUFDGDV0LJQyQODFRQWLHQH
0LJQyQ3UREHPRVRWUDFRVD$VSLUHSURIXQGR\VXHOWHHODLUH
5DFKHODORKDFH
0LJQyQDVtDVtELHQKHFKR
5DFKHODVLJXHDVSLUDQGRSURIXQGR
0LJQyQ¢6HVLHQWHPHMRUDKRUD"
5DFKHOD6t)XHODPHODQFyOLD
0LJQyQ£1RPLUHHOPDU5DFKHOD£1RVLJDODRODQRYHTXH«£6LVHUi
WHUFDFDUDPED
5DFKHODUHFRPLHQ]DFRQODVDUFDGDV
5DFKHODOORULTXHDQGR(VPHODQFyOLD
0LJQyQ6HUtDEXHQRFRPHUFDVWDxDVHQHVWHPRPHQWR¢/HTXHGDURQ
DOJXQDVFDVWDxDVR«"¢'HPHODQFyOLDGLMR"
5DFKHOD6t
0LJQyQ'LJDPHODQFROtD5DFKHOD6HGLFHPHODQFROtD¢0HODQFROtDGH
TXp"¢'H(O+DYUHRGHFXDQGRXVWHGHVWDEDHQPHMRUSRVLFLyQ"
5DFKHODOORUDQGR'HPLSDGUH
0LJQyQ%DVWDEDVWD/HYDQDYROYHUODVDUFDGDV
3DXVD
0LJQyQ¢/HTXHGDURQFDVWDxDVRVHODVFRPLyWRGDVJORWRQD"
5DFKHOD0HTXHGDURQ/DVJXDUGpHQHOFDPDURWHHQWUHODURSDEODQFD
0LJQyQ$\ 5DFKHOD £(QWUHODURSDEODQFD£0LUHVLODHQVXFLD £&RQOR
TXHSDJy6FKORPRSRUVXURSD
5DFKHOD¢/HVDOLyPX\FDURYHUGDG"
0LJQyQ(VRFUHR
5DFKHOD<ROHGLMHTXHQRJDVWDUDWDQWRTXHDPtFRQ«
0LJQyQ(VVXQRYLR¢QR"
5DFKHOD6t
0LJQyQ¢4XpHVSHUDED"(OGLFHTXHODDPD«
5DFKHOD6tHVRGLFH
0LJQyQ¢4Xp"¢1RORFUHH"
5DFKHOD&ODURTXHORFUHR¢1RQRVYDPRVDFDVDUDFDVR"
0LJQyQDVLHQWH
5DFKHOD$SHQDVEDMHPRVHQ%XHQRV$LUHVQRVYDPRVDFDVDU
0LJQyQ8VWHGSUHFLVDEDXQDMXDU5DFKHOD
5DFKHOD/RVpQRPHHVWR\TXHMDQGR(VTXH«QRVp
0LJQyQ6XHQDJXDHVWDEDPX\XVDGD\D(OPHSLGLyPLRSLQLyQ\\ROH
GLMH VLQFHUDPHQWH³6FKORPRHVDPXFKDFKDQHFHVLWDURSDLQWHULRUGHVHGD
FUXGDRGHEDWLVWD\XQYHVWLGRVLQRGHWHUFLRSHORDOPHQRV«
5DFKHODLQWHUUXPSLHQGR(VHVHUiPLYHVWLGRGHERGD
0LJQyQ«GHFUHVSyQGH&KLQD\DOJXQRVSDUHVGHPHGLDVGHVHGDDVHU
SRVLEOH«´
5DFKHOD(OKDVLGRPX\JHQHURVRFRQPLJR
0LJQyQ0HDOHJURGHTXHVHGpFXHQWD
5DFKHOD ¢6DEH OR TXH SLHQVR VHxRULWD 0LJQyQ" 4XH 6FKORPR« 6H
LQWHUUXPSH8VWHGQRVHOODPD0LJQyQ¢YHUGDG"
0LJQyQVREUHVDOWDGD¢&yPRGLFH"
5DFKHOD4XHVXQRPEUHYHUGDGHURQRHV0LJQyQ
0LJQyQ1R
5DFKHOD¢<FXiOHV"
0LJQyQ +DFHWDQWRTXHQROR XVR«6HLPDJLQD 'HVGHTXHHVWR\HQOD
$UJHQWLQDTXHQRVHORHVFXFKRSURQXQFLDUDQDGLH
5DFKHOD¢1DGLH"¢1LDVXKHUPDQR"
0LJQyQ6FKORPRPHOODPD«1RQRDQDGLH
5DFKHOD¢&XiOHV"
0LJQyQ¢0LQRPEUH"$K£HVTXHQRPHJXVWD
5DFKHOD'tJDPHOR
0LJQyQ1RPHMRUQR
5DFKHOD/HSURPHWRTXHQRYR\DOODPDUODDVt
0LJQyQ(VWHU
5DFKHOD(VWHU
0LJQyQ-pVWHUPHGHFtDPLPDGUH
5DFKHOD-pVWHU¢SRUTXpQROHJXVWD"
0LJQyQ(VTXHKDFH\DWDQWRVDxRV«7DQWRVDxRV'LJDPLQRPEUHHQYR]
DOWDRWUDYH]SRUIDYRU
5DFKHOD¢&yPR"
0LJQyQ'DJXVWRHVFXFKDUFRPRORSURQXQFLDXVWHG
5DFKHOD-pVWHU
0LJQyQ8QDYH]PiVSRUIDYRU
5DFKHOD-pVWHU
3DXVDODUJD
0LJQyQ6HUtDEXHQRFRPHUQRVDKRUDHOUHVWRGHODVFDVWDxDV¢QROHSDUHFH"
«
5DFKHOD9R\DEXVFDUODV
0LJQyQ1RQRVHPROHVWH5DFKHODHUDXQGHFLU«
5DFKHOD9R\$VtQRVODVFRPHPRV
5DFKHODVDOHFRUULHQGR
7LUDGDVHQOD UHSRVHUDGHFXELHUWD 5DFKHOH VH DSDQWDOOD FRQXQDEDQLFR
0LJQyQKRMHDXQDUHYLVWDGHPRGDV
0LJQyQ&XDQGROOHJXHPHKDUpKDFHUXQYHVWLGRDVt
5DFKHOD$YHU$K%RQLWR
0LJQyQ6t6RQORVTXHWLHQHODVHxRULWD$JQpV
5DFKHOD¢/DTXHOHSUHVWyODUHYLVWD"
0LJQyQ6tODKLMDGHO%DUyQ
5DFKHOD¢/DFKLFDTXHYLVWH«
0LJQyQ1RGLJD³FKLFD´5DFKHODGLJD³VHxRULWD´
5DFKHOD¢/DVHxRULWDTXH«YLVWHGHD]XOFODUR\OOHYDXQSHLQDGRDOWRFRPR
XQSDVWHOGHFDVDPLHQWR"
0LJQyQ([DFWDPHQWH
5DFKHODVHxDODQGRODUHYLVWD$K¢3HURFyPRKDUiXVWHGSDUDSDJDUVHXQ
YHVWLGRDVt"
0LJQyQ1RVp
5DFKHOD6XKHUPDQRWLHQHXQEXHQSDVDUDORPHMRUpO
0LJQyQVLJXHFRQODUHYLVWD6LQRPHKDUpXQRFRPRpVWH(Q3DUtVVHXVD
PXFKRODJDVD
5DFKHODLQFOLQiQGRVHVREUHODUHYLVWD%RQLWRWDPELpQ
0LJQyQ6t
5DFKHOD 8QSRFRHVFRWDGRSHURXVWHGHVXQDPXFKDFKD VROWHUDWRGDYtD
SXHGHXVDUOR«
0LJQyQ4XLHURSDUHFHUXQDHVWUHOODGHOFLQHPDWyJUDIR
/DUJDSDXVD
0LJQyQ¢8VWHGIXHDOFLQHPDWyJUDIRDOJXQDYH]"
5DFKHOD1R¢(VERQLWR"
0LJQyQ0XFKR(Q%XHQRV$LUHVQROHYDDIDOWDURSRUWXQLGDG
5DFKHOD¢/HJXVWDHOFLQHPDWyJUDIRDVXKHUPDQR"
0LJQyQ¢$6FKORPR"1RVpSUHJ~QWHOHXVWHG¢QRHVVXQRYLR"
5DFKHOD¢3HURQRYDQQXQFDMXQWRV"
0LJQyQ$pOQROHJXVWDOOHYDUPHDQLQJXQDSDUWH$QWHVGHYLDMDUIXLDYHU
([SUHVR6KDQJDLDO(PSLUHFRQ0DUOHQH'LHWULFK¢6DEHTXLpQHV0DUOHQH
'LHWULFK"
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQ8QDDFWUL]DOHPDQD
5DFKHOD$K
0LJQyQ6t$QWHVLEDDOFLQHPDWyJUDIRFRQXQDDPLJD%URQLD3HURDKRUD
QRWHQJRTXLpQPHDFRPSDxH
5DFKHOD¢(VSRODFDVXDPLJD"
0LJQyQ6t
5DFKHOD¢<FyPRODFRQRFLy"
0LJQyQ GXELWDWLYD (Q XQ EDUFR FRPR D XVWHG &XDQGR \R LED D OD
$UJHQWLQD
5DFKHOD$K6HOHYDQWyIUHVFR
0LJQyQ)XLPRVDPLJDVXQWLHPSRGHVSXpVQRVHQHPLVWDPRV
5DFKHOD2K¢3RUTXp"
0LJQyQ3RU6FKORPR
5DFKHODVREUHVDOWDGD¢3RU6FKORPR"
0LJQyQ(OOD«ORSUHWHQGtD
3DXVD
0LJQyQ(OODORFRQRFLyHQ3RORQLD\VHHQDPRUyGHpO(QWRQFHVORVLJXLyD
$UJHQWLQD3HUR«SHURpOQRODTXHUtD¢FRPSUHQGH"(OODQRHUDODFODVHGH
PXMHUTXHpOQHFHVLWDEDDVXODGR3DUD«SDUDIRUPDUVXKRJDU
5DFKHODWXUEDGD$K¢QR"¢(VKRJDUHxRpO"¢8VWHGQRWLHQHDOJRGHIUtR
\D"
0LJQyQ¢8VWHGGLFHVL6FKORPRHVKRJDUHxR"£(VXQFDODYHUD
5DFKHOD$PtQRPHORSDUHFLyVHxRULWD0LJQyQ
0LJQyQ8VWHGSRUTXHUHFLpQORFRQRFH
5DFKHOD1RPHDVXVWH¢&UHHHQWRQFHVTXHVR\ \R ODFODVHGHPXMHUTXHpO
QHFHVLWD"
0LJQyQQRFRQWHVWD
5DFKHOD¢/RFUHHRQR"
0LJQyQ7DOYH]
5DFKHOD (OSURPHWLy DPL SDGUHFDVDUVHFRQPLJR HQFXDQWROOHJXHPRVD
$UJHQWLQD6LpOQRFXPSOLHUDVXSURPHVD\RPHWLUDUpDOUtR
0LJQyQ 1R H[DJHUH $GHPiV ¢QR HV HO DPRU OR TXH YHUGDGHUDPHQWH
LPSRUWD"
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQVRUSUHQGLGD¢1R"
5DFKHOD(VWR\FDGDYH]PiVOHMRVGHPLFDVD(VSHURTXH6FKORPRVHDPL
FDVDSDUDPt
0LJQyQ1RGLJDFDVD5DFKHOD'LJDKRJDU0HWLHQHDPtVLVHDVXVWDGH
ODGLVWDQFLD
5DFKHOD9DPRVDOOHYDUODFDVDHQWUHODVGRVXVWHG\\R(OKRJDU
0LJQyQDVLHQWH
3DXVD
5DFKHOD'RUPtDPRVODVFXDWURMXQWDV$ODPDxDQDKDEtDXQUHYROWLMRWDOGH
ViEDQDV \PDQWDV TXHPL KHUPDQD(GLWODPD\RU ±OD TXHHVXQSRTXLWR
WRQWDJULWDED³£1RQRVPRYDPRV£1RVHDTXHXQDVHOHYDQWHVXELGDDORV
SLHVTXHVRQGHRWUD´
5DFKHODUtH
5DFKHOD<PLKHUPDQDODPHQRUTXHHUDPX\PHQXGDVLHPSUHUHVSRQGtD
³&DPLQDUHQORVSLHVGH(GLWVHUtDSDUDPtPLIHOLFLGDG´
0LJQyQ6XKHUPDQD(GLWVHTXHGDUiVROWHUD
5DFKHODVREUHVDOWDGD¢3RUTXpORGLFH"
0LJQyQ¢4XLpQSXHGHTXHUHUGHHVSRVDDXQDPXMHUWRQWD"
5DFKHOD1R«
0LJQyQ<VXKHUPDQDODPHQRU¢FyPRHUDTXHVHOODPDED"
5DFKHOD<HQWD
0LJQyQ<HQWDHVRHV(OODWDPELpQVHTXHGDUiVROWHUD
5DFKHOD¢3RUTXp"
0LJQyQ¢1RHVODTXHHVHQDQD"
5DFKHOD£1R(VXQSRFREDMLWD«HOODQRVHDOLPHQWyELHQFXDQGR«
0LJQyQ8VWHGWXYRVXHUWH5DFKHODGHTXHODHQFRQWUDUD6FKORPR
5DFKHOD1RORVp\R«
0LJQyQ¢¢¢£1RORVDEH"""7HQGUtDTXHGDUOHJUDFLDVD'LRVGHHQFRQWUDU
XQKRPEUHFRPRpO%XHQPR]R\DGLQHUDGR¢4XLpQFUHHTXHSRGUtDKDEHU
SXHVWRVXVRMRVVREUHXVWHG\VXIDPLOLD VLQR"0LVHUDEOHVFRPRHVWDEDQ
VXVKHUPDQDVOOHQDVGHOODJDV\VXFLHGDG«1RPHKDJDDFRUGDUVHPHSRQH
ODSLHOGHJDOOLQD
/DUJXtVLPDSDXVD
LPDJLQD XVWHG FRQ XQ HQDQR" £8Q KRPEUHFLWR FRQ TXLHQ XVWHG GHEHUtD
DJDFKDUVHFDGDYH]TXHpOKDEOHSDUDSRQHUOHVXRUHMDQRYD\DDVHUTXHVX
HVSRVRVHORSDVHDORVJULWRV
5DFKHOD¢&yPRVHGLFHFXDQGRHOHVSRVRHVFKLTXLWRVHxRULWD"
0LJQyQ1RORVp«¢(VSRVLWR"
5DFKHOD£(VSRVLWR
0LJQyQUtH5DFKHODUtH(VWiQWHQWDGDVGHULVD
5DFKHOD(VPX\WULVWH1RGHEHUtDPRVHVPX\WULVWH
0LJQyQ1RQR
5DFKHOD¢1RVLHQWHIUtR"
0LJQyQ8QSRFR(VHOYLHQWR
5DFKHOD¢+DFHIUtRHQOD$UJHQWLQD"
0LJQyQ$GRQGHXVWHGYDQR
5DFKHOD¢&yPR«"
0LJQyQ'RQGHYLYLPRVQRVRWURVQRKDFHIUtRPX\LQWHQVR1RQLHYDQXQFD
SRUHMHPSOR
5DFKHOD¢1XQFD"
0LJQyQ1R
5DFKHOD4XpOiVWLPD
0LJQyQ$OOiHQSOHQRLQYLHUQRFRQXQPDQWyQGHODQDVHHVWiELHQ«
5DFKHOD¢<ORVKRPEUHVTXpXVDQ"
0LJQyQ¢4XpXVDQ"
5DFKHOD¢6FKORPRWLHQHDOJ~QFDIWiQ«"
0LJQyQ¢8Q«"1RQR«/HVEDVWDFRQXQDFKDTXHWDJUXHVD«1RKDFH
IDOWDLUWRGRHQFDSRWDGR«
5DFKHOD3RUHVR6FKORPRQRPHFRPSUyURSDGHLQYLHUQR
0LJQyQ&ODUR
5DFKHOD(Q$UJHQWLQDQRKDFHIUtRMDPiVHQWRQFHV
0LJQyQ$YHFHVKDFHIUtR3HURXVWHGQRDDHVWDUQXQFDH[SXHVWDDOIUtR
5DFKHOD6FKORPRODYDDWHQHUVLHPSUHHQHOKRJDU¢FRPSUHQGH"
5DFKHOD¢&yPR"
0LJQyQ(OQRYDDSHUPLWLUTXHXVWHGVHSHVTXHXQDSXOPRQtD
5DFKHOD3HURQRYR\DHVWDUWRGRHOGtDHQFHUUDGD«
0LJQyQ1R«
5DFKHOD¢8VWHGVHSDVDHOGtDHQFHUUDGDVHxRULWD0LJQyQ"
0LJQyQ(OQHJRFLRPHH[LJHVDOLUPXFKDVYHFHV<DGHPiV\RQRWHQJRXQ
QRYLRDTXLHQGDUOHFHORV
5DFKHOD¢(Q$UJHQWLQDWDPSRFR"
0LJQyQ1R«
5DFKHOD ¢3RU TXp" &RQ OD ILJXUD TXHXVWHG WLHQH« 6HJXUR TXH HQ HVWH
EDUFRHQFXHQWUDXQQRYLRHQVHJXLGD\DYDDYHU<RODYR\DD\XGDU
0LJQyQ1RQR
5DFKHOD¢4Xp"¢<DSHUGLyODVHVSHUDQ]DV"
6LOHQFLR
5DFKHOD¢&XiQWRVDxRVWLHQHVHxRULWD0LJQyQ"
0LJQyQ9HLQWLVLHWH
5DFKHOD6pDPHIUDQFD
0LJQyQ9HLQWLVLHWH
5DFKHOD<ROHYR\DEXVFDUXQSUHWHQGLHQWH
0LJQyQ1RVHPROHVWH3RUIDYRU6FKORPRPHPDWDUtD
5DFKHOD¢3RUTXp"(OHVVXKHUPDQRWDQFHORVRQRGHEHVHU$GHPiV\ROR
YR\DFRQYHQFHU
0LJQyQ1R5DFKHODSRUIDYRU
5DFKHOD£&RQORERQLWRTXHHVHVWDUHQDPRUDGD
0LJQyQ6tSHUR«
5DFKHOD¢8VWHGKDHVWDGRHQDPRUDGDDOJXQDYH]"
0LJQyQ5DFKHODEDVWD1RTXLHURTXHXVWHG«
5DFKHOD$DDK£/DVHxRULWD0LJQyQWXYRXQDPRU\ORJXDUGDHQVHFUHWR
0LJQyQ%DVWD
5DFKHOD¢/RWXYRRORWLHQH"
0LJQyQ%DVWD1RVHDFKLTXLOLQD
5DFKHODDOHJUH£/RWLHQH£/RWLHQH¢4XLpQHV"¢(VDUJHQWLQR"¢4XLpQ«"
0LJQyQVHOHYDQWDGHODUHSRVHUDFRQWRUSH]D\VDOH
5DFKHODODPLUDLUVH
5DFKHOD&RQORWRUFLGRTXHFDPLQDODSREUH«
%RUGDGHOEDUFR&UXFHGHO(FXDGRU'HWUiVVHR\HORVVRQLGRVGHXQEDLOH
TXHWHUPLQD+D\FRQIHWL\JXLUQDOGDVGHSDSHOSRUWRGDVSDUWHV(OODVHVWiQ
YHVWLGDV GH ILHVWD 0LJQyQ HVWi LQFyPRGD XQ SRFR GHVFRPSXHVWD SRU HO
FDORU5DFKHODHVWiIHOL]
5DFKHOD1RHQWLHQGRSRUTXpQREDLOyFRQHOPXFKDFKRTXHOHSUHVHQWp
0LJQyQ1RPHJXVWDEDLODUOHGLMH
5DFKHOD3HURFRQVXKHUPDQREDLOy
0LJQyQ(VRHVGLVWLQWR
5DFKHOD¢(QTXpHVGLVWLQWR"
0LJQyQ3RUTXHEDLODPRV SDUDPRVWUDUOHDXVWHGSDUDTXHXVWHGDSUHQGD
(QOD$UJHQWLQDVHEDLODPXFKRHOWDQJR
5DFKHOD ¢< QR SRGtDVLTXLHUDEDLODU XQD VROD SLH]D FRQHO MRYHQTXHOH
SUHVHQWp«"(OVHPRUtDSRUEDLODUFRQXVWHG
0LJQyQGHVGHxRVD3DUHFtDXQQLxRELHQ
5DFKHOD ¢3DUDTXpVHSXVRHVHYHVWLGRVLVRODPHQWHTXHUtDEDLODU FRQVX
KHUPDQR"
0LJQyQ<RQRWHQJRODFXOSDGHWHQHUXQDOLQGDILJXUD
3DXVD
QLQJXQRGHORVGRVFUHR\R
0LJQyQ4XL]iVpO\DVDEHEDLODUWDQJR
5DFKHOD¢<FyPRSXHGHVHU"
0LJQyQ0HSDUHFHKDEHUORYLVWRHQ%XHQRV$LUHV
5DFKHOD$K¢VL"
0LJQyQ3HOHWHURGHOUDPR
5DFKHOD¢&RQQHJRFLRRLPSRUWDGRU"
0LJQyQ1RHVWR\VHJXUD4XL]i6FKORPRVHSD3UHJ~QWHOHDpO
5DFKHOD2KQRQR
0LJQyQ¢/HWLHQHPLHGRD6FKORPR"
5DFKHOD7LHQHHOFDUiFWHUXQSRFRIXHUWH1RPHJXVWDLPSRUWXUQDUOR
0LJQyQ 1R HV EXHQR SURYRFDU ORV FHORV GH XQKRPEUH FXDQGR QR KD\
PRWLYR
5DFKHODDVLHQWH
0LJQyQ$GHPiV\DYHUiTXHpOQROHGDUiPRWLYRVDXVWHGWDPSRFR(VXQ
KRPEUHPX\WUDQTXLOR9HUiTXHVHHVWiVLHPSUHGHEXHQKXPRU\FDVLQR
YLDMD'HVGHTXH\RWHQJRPHPRULDHVWHYLDMHORKDKHFKRQDGDPiVTXHWUHV
YHFHVHQVXYLGDVLQFRQWDUODYH]TXHVHYLQRGH3RORQLD
5DFKHOD¢8VWHGYLQRGHVSXpV"
0LJQyQ¢&yPR"$K6t
5DFKHOD(OPHKDEtDGLFKRTXHOOHJDURQMXQWRVD$UJHQWLQD
0LJQyQ(VXQGHFLU(OYLDMDEDDEXVFDUPHD3RORQLDFRQ%URQLD
5DFKHOD£&RQODRWUD$\VHxRULWDGtJDPHODYHUGDG¢QRHUDpVHXQYLDMH
GHERGDV"¢(VWiFDVDGR\D6FKORPR"
0LJQyQULHQGR£1R
5DFKHOD¢(VEtJDPR"
0LJQyQ £1R (UD %URQLD OD TXH OR VHJXtD D WRGDV SDUWHV pO QR HVWDED
LQWHUHVDGRHQHOOD3HUROHGDEDSHQDGHFLUOHTXHQRODTXHUtD
5DFKHOD¢4XpHGDGWLHQHHOOD"
0LJQyQ¢%URQLD"
5DFKHOD6t
0LJQyQ¢$KRUD"&XDQGR\RODFRQRFtWHQtDFHUFDGHWUHLQWDDxRVKDUiGH
HVRFXDWURRFLQFRDxRV
5DFKHOD ¢&UHH TXH6FKORPR ODTXLHUHWRGDYtD DHVWD%URQLD" 'tJDPH OD
YHUGDGVHxRULWD
0LJQyQ<DOHGLMHTXHQR1XQFDODTXLVR
5DFKHOD¢<HOODTXHKDFHDKRUD"¢'yQGHHVWi"¢8VWHGVDEH"
0LJQyQ1R«Vt«+DFHWLHPSRTXHQRODYHR\D'HEHYLYLU HQ5RVDULR
/D ~OWLPD YH] TXH OD YL HVWDED PX\ JRUGD 3HUR PH GLMR GHVSXpV XQRV
VHxRUHV TXH OD FRQRFHQ TXH KDEtD YXHOWR D WHQHU XQD ILJXUD DJUDGDEOH
&RPLyKXHYRVGHWHQLDHVRODSXVRHQIRUPD
5DFKHOD2KSRU'LRVTXpDVFR<6FKORPR¢QRDPDDKRUDDRWUDPXMHU"
2WUDFXDOTXLHUDGHODTXHDORPHMRUXVWHGQRVDEHFRQSHORV\VHxDOHVSHUR
TXHVRVSHFKD
3DXVD
0LJQyQ'H%URQLDQXQFDHVWXYRHQDPRUDGR\DOHGLMH¢$GHPiVFyPRPH
GDUtDFXHQWDGHVLHVWipOHQDPRUDGRRQRGHRWUDPXMHUHQVHFUHWR"
5DFKHOD8QDPXMHUVHGDFXHQWDGHHVDVFRVDV
0LJQyQLQWULJDGD¢&yPR"
5DFKHOD &XDQGRHVWDPRVFHUFDpOVLHPSUH WUDWDGHWRFDUPHGHUR]DUPH
DXQTXHVHD<FXDQGRKD\XQDRSRUWXQLGDGFXDQGRPHWRPDGHOEUD]RRGH
ODPDQRpOPHDSULHWDKDVWDKDFHUPHGDxRFRPRVLGXGDUDGHTXH\RIXHUD
XQD SHUVRQD GH FDUQH \ KXHVR«&RPR VL \R IXHUD DJXD TXH PH SXGLHUD
HVFXUULU«
0LJQyQ6FKORPRHVPX\EUXVFRSDUDWUDWDUDXQDGDPD
5DFKHOD$ORPHMRU2PHEXVFDFRQODPLUDGD«(VWHPRVGRQGHHVWHPRV
pOPHEXVFDFRQODPLUDGDTXLHUHTXH\RORPLUH\FDGDYH]TXHORPLURpO
WLHQHVXVRMRVSRVDGRVHQPt1RPHSLHUGHSLVDGD$YHFHVFXDQGRHVWR\
HQODERUGDPHGR\FXHQWDTXHpOFRQWHPSODPLVRPEUD£0LVRPEUD¢6H
GD FXHQWD" £&RQWHPSOD PL VRPEUD FRQ OD PLVPD LQVLVWHQFLD FRQ TXH
QRVRWUDVFRQWHPSODPRVHOPDU
0LJQyQ(ORFHiQR5DFKHOD
5DFKHOD(ORFHiQR
0LJQyQ¢$VtTXHXVWHGSRUHVWDVFRVDVSUHVXPHGHVDEHUVLXQKRPEUHHVWi
HQDPRUDGRRQR"¢1RHVXQSRFRFKLTXLOLQDHQHVWHVHQWLGR"
5DFKHOD4XL]i3HURSLHQVHVHxRULWD¢KDYLVWRDOJXQDYH]D6FKORPRWRFDU
DXQDPXMHUFRPRPHWRFDDPtFXDQGRHVWDPRVHQS~EOLFR"¢7RFDEDDVtD
%URQLD"¢7RFDDVtDDOJXQDRWUDPXMHU"
3DXVD
3DXVD
5DFKHOD&RQRFtXQKRPEUHGHPLSXHEORTXHQXQFDKDEtDYLDMDGRPiVDOOi
GH&XUODQGLD-DPiV9LDMyGHXQDPXMHUDRWUDGXUDQWHVXYLGDHQWHUDOR
FXDOYLHQHDVHUORPLVPR&RQVHJXtDTXHHOUDELQRORFDVDUDYH]WUDVYH]VLQ
UHSXGLDUQXQFDDODHVSRVDDQWHULRUPLSDGUHOOHJyDFRQWDUOHVHLVHVSRVDV
TXH GHVFRQRFtDQ OD H[LVWHQFLD XQD GH RWUD (VWR HUD XQD KD]DxD HUD XQ
KRPEUHDQFLDQR SDUDLU GHPXMHU HQPXMHUSHUROHJXVWDEDQORVVHFUHWRV
1XHYRV SDLVDMHV QXHYDV DGXDQDV /D DFXPXODFLyQ GH UHFXHUGRV (VWH
KRPEUHGHPLSXHEORVDEtDGHFLUTXHXQDYLGDODUJDQRGHSHQGHGHORVDxRV
XQKRPEUHVLQUHFXHUGRVSXHGHOOHJDUDORVFLHQDxRV\VHQWLUTXHVXYLGDKD
VLGRPX\FRUWD«
3DXVDLQFyPRGD
5DFKHOD<RPHKHSUHJXQWDGRFyPRVHVHQWLUtDQHVWDVPXMHUHVFXDQGRVH
HQWHUDURQXQDGHOD H[LVWHQFLDGHODRWUD6HVHQWLUtDQXQDVLQIHOLFHV ¢1R
FUHHXVWHG"
0LJQyQ1RORVp
5DFKHOD,PDJLQH6LXVWHGWXYLHUDXQQRYLRRXQPDULGRDOTXHDPDFRQ
SDVLyQ\GHSURQWRXVWHGFDHHQODFXHQWDGHTXHpOWLHQHXQDDPDQWH¢FyPR
VHVHQWLUtDXVWHG"
0LJQyQ1RORVp3XHGHKDEHUPLOPRWLYRVTXHMXVWLILTXHQTXHHVWHQRYLR
FRPRGLFHXVWHG«
5DFKHOD6tVt0LOPRWLYRVSXHGHKDEHU3HURQRHVHVRORTXHOHSUHJXQWR
VLQR¢FyPRVHVHQWLUtDXVWHG"¢&yPRFUHHXVWHGTXHVHVLQWLyHVWD%URQLD"
0LJQyQWDMDQWH1RORVp
/DUJDSDXVD
5DFKHOD8VWHGVHOXFLyEDLODQGRHOWDQJR
0LJQyQ6FKORPREDLODPX\ELHQ
5DFKHOD¢/HFRVWyDSUHQGHUDXVWHG"
0LJQyQ$OSULQFLSLRSHURHVFXHVWLyQGHGHMDUVHOOHYDU(OPHORHQVHxy
WRGR
5DFKHOD¢6XKHUPDQR"
0LJQyQLQFyPRGD6t'LYHUWLGD7DPELpQPHDSULHWDFXDQGREDLODPRV
\GHHVR\RQRGHGX]FRTXHpO«
5DFKHOD$\VHxRULWD(VRVHUtDXQDPRQVWUXRVLGDG£XVWHGHVVXKHUPDQD
$GHPiVPLHQWUDVpOEDLODEDFRQXVWHGPHHVWDEDPLUDQGRDPt
3DXVDGRORURVD
5DFKHOD /R GH ODV TXHEUDGDV PH SDUHFHPX\ GLItFLO 1R VpVL \R SRGUp
DSUHQGHUORDOJXQDYH]
0LJQyQ&ODURTXHVt\DYHUi
5DFKHOD¢<6FKORPRFyPRDSUHQGLy"
0LJQyQ1RVp«FRQORVPXFKDFKRVHQHO«HQORVFDIHWLQHV'HVSXpVPH
HQVHxyDPt
5DFKHODeOODTXLHUHPXFKRDXVWHG
0LJQyQLQFyPRGDDVLHQWH
5DFKHOD ¢6DEH TXH HV QRWDEOH HO FDULxR TXH VH WLHQHQ XVWHGHV GRV" 0H
SUHJXQWRVLOOHJDUiDTXHUHUPHDPtFRPRODTXLHUHDXVWHG«
3DXVD
5DFKHOD,JXDOPHQWHVRQGRVFDULxRVGLVWLQWRV«
3DXVD
5DFKHOD3HURXVWHGQRSXHGHHVWDUE~VFDQGROHODTXLQWDSDWDDOJDWRDFDGD
SUHWHQGLHQWHTXHOH DSDUHFHQLGHVGHxDUOR SRU6FKORPR ¢VH GDFXHQWD"«
8VWHGHVXQDDULVFD<VHYXHOYHDOLQWHULRU\VDOXGRFRQODPDQR$GLyV
DGLyVKDVWDPDxDQD$0LJQyQ(UDQVLPSiWLFRVORV*XLPDUG
0LJQyQDVLHQWH
5DFKHOD¢1ROHJXVWyHOMRYHQTXHOHSUHVHQWpSRUTXHQRHUDMXGtR"
0LJQyQVLQFRPSUHQGHU¢4Xp"
5DFKHOD4XHVLORTXHXVWHGEXVFDHVXQPXFKDFKRMXGtR
0LJQyQ1RGLJD³MXGtR´5DFKHODGLJD³KHEUHR´
5DFKHOD+HEUHR6LORTXHXVWHGTXLHUHHVXQPXFKDFKRKHEUHR
0LJQyQ¢<R"¢3DUDTXp"
5DFKHOD3DUDXVWHG
0LJQyQ1RFRPSUHQGR
5DFKHOD3DUDFDVDUVH
0LJQyQ$K
5DFKHOD¢3HUROREXVFDMXGtRRQR"
0LJQyQ+HEUHR
5DFKHOD+HEUHR¢/REXVFDKHEUHRRQR"
0LJQyQ1RVp«1RPHORKHSHQVDGR
5DFKHOD $OR PHMRU HOMRYHQTXHOH SUHVHQWpHUDMXGtR«KHEUHR$QGUp
$PEURVLQQRORSDUHFtDHVFLHUWRSHURXVWHGYLRTXHORVIUDQFHVHVHVWiQWDQ
PH]FODGRV«
0LJQyQ¢9LDMDDOD$UJHQWLQDVXDPLJR"
5DFKHOD¢0LDPLJR "UtH1RD0RQWHYLGHR
0LJQyQ¢0RQWHYLGHR"
5DFKHOD6t
0LJQyQ(QWRQFHVWHQGUHPRVRSRUWXQLGDGGHYHUORGXUDQWHXQWLHPSRPiV
¢/HGLMR\D6FKORPR TXHFXDQGROOHJXHPRVD0RQWHYLGHRSDVDUHPRVDOOt
XQRVGtDV«"0LUDKDFLDHOLQWHULRUD5DFKHOD/DOODPDQ VXDPLJR
5DFKHODD0LJQyQ(VXQPRPHQWRSHUGRQH«
5DFKHODVDOH
0LJQyQWDPERULOHDORVGHGRVFDQWXUUHDGLVJXVWDGD
(QWUD5DFKHOD6HDFRPRGDMXQWRD0LJQyQ
0LJQyQ¢4XpOHGLMR"
5DFKHOD4XHTXLHUHYHUOD
0LJQyQ¢$Pt"
5DFKHOD&ODUR\DVHORGLMHHVWiHQDPRUDGRGHXVWHG
0LJQyQ1RPHSDUHFLyTXHVXDPLJRHVWXYLHUD«
5DFKHOD(VPX\WtPLGR
0LJQyQ1RORSDUHFH
5DFKHODLQFyPRGD+DEODPRVGHODVSLHOHV (OVHGHGLFDDOYLVyQ¢4Xp
DQLPDOPHGLMRTXHH[SRUWDVXKHUPDQR"
0LJQyQ=RUUDSDWDJyQLFD
5DFKHOD¢=RUUD"
0LJQyQ6t
5DFKHOD¢<TXpFRPSUyHQ9DUVRYLD"
0LJQyQ0DUWDV
5DFKHOD3REUHFLWDV7DQSHTXHxLWDV\WDQWDVVHQHFHVLWDQSDUDFRQIHFFLRQDU
XQWDSDGLWR«¢FXiQWDVOOHYDXQVLHWHRFWDYRV"
0LJQyQ1RORVp
5DFKHOD¢4XLQFH"¢9HLQWH"3REUHFLWDV
0LJQyQ1RGLJDSREUHFLWDV5DFKHOD(VWiQHQHOPXQGRSDUDVHUXVDGDV
¢$FDVR QR HV HO KRPEUH HO UH\GH ORV DQLPDOHV" 6LQR ODV DSURYHFKD HO
KRPEUH¢TXLpQODVYDDDSURYHFKDU"
5DFKHOD0HGDQSHQDQDGDPiV
0LJQyQ1RWHQJDSHQD/DSHQDHQYLFLD DODVSHUVRQDV(QOD $UJHQWLQD
WHQGUiTXHDSUHQGHUDVHUIXHUWH
5DFKHOD¢XVWHGGLFHSRUHOFOLPD"¢1RPHGLMRTXHQRQHYDEDQXQFD"
0LJQyQ1R5DFKHOD1RORGLJRSRUODQLHYH
5DFKHOD¢/DVPXMHUHVXVDQWDSDGRVGHSLHOHQ$UJHQWLQD"
0LJQyQ0XFKR/DVTXHVRQPX\ULFDVWLHQHQXQDFiPDUDIULJRUtILFDHQVX
SURSLDFDVDSDUDJXDUGDUODVHQYHUDQR\TXHQRVHOHVDSROLOOHQ
5DFKHOD¢6RQPX\FDUDV"
0LJQyQ(QODWLHQGD/D)DYRULWDXQDHVWRODGHSLHOGH/RXWUHFRQFRODVGH
.LOLQVN\FXHVWDQFDVLGLHFLVLHWHSHVRV
5DFKHOD¢&XiQWRHVGLFLHVLHWHSHVRV"
0LJQyQ'RVFLHQWRVUXEORV
5DFKHOD ££'RVFLHQWRV UXEORV (O QHJRFLR GH ODV SLHOHV GHEH GDU PXFKR
GLQHUR
0LJQyQ$VtHV$VtHV
5DFKHOD9R\DDSUHQGHUHORILFLRYR\DWUDEDMDUMXQWRD6FKORPR6HUHPRV
ULFRVVHxRULWD
0LJQyQ 1R FUHR TXH pO OD YD\D D QHFHVLWDU 5DFKHOD /D SHOHWHUtD OD
SRGHPRVOOHYDUPX\ELHQHQWUHpO\\RVRORV¢0HFRPSUHQGH"(OODTXLHUHD
XVWHGSDUDTXHHVWpHQODFDVD
5DFKHOD<R«\R«
$SDJyQ
+DQSDVDGRSRU%UDVLO3HQXPEUD&HUFDGHHOODVHVWiQORVERWHVVDOYDYLGDV
7HQVLyQ
3DXVD
5DFKHOD(OQRHVVXKHUPDQR
0LJQyQ1R5HVSLUHSURIXQGRFRPROHGLMH
5DFKHODUHVSLUD
0LJQyQ(VHOMXUHO3HVFDURQMXUHOHVHVHRORUGDDVFR
5DFKHOD0HLPDJLQDEDTXHQRHUDVXKHUPDQR3DXVD¢3RUTXpORKDFH"
0LJQyQ3RUGLQHUR
5DFKHODVHDFHUFDDXQEDOGH\YRPLWDGHQWUR
0LJQyQ7HQJDFXLGDGR1RVHPDQFKHHOYHVWLGR5DFKHOD0DOGLWRVMXUHOHV
TXHORSXGUHQWRGR¢4XLHUHTXHWUDLJDHODJXDGHFRORQLD"
5DFKHOD£(OSHUIXPHIUDQFpV
0LJQyQ9R\DEXVFDUOR
5DFKHOD1R1R\DPHSDVD
0LJQyQ+DVWDHODLUHSXGULHURQ
5DFKHODLQVSLUDVHUHSRQH
5DFKHODOLPSLiQGRVHFRQXQSDxXHOLWR¢4XpKDFHSRUGLQHUR"
0LJQyQ9HQLU9HQLUDEXVFDUODDXVWHG8VWHGYDOHWUHVPLOSHVRV¢7LHQH
ILHEUH5DFKHOD"OHSRQHODPDQRVREUHODIUHQWH¢1RVHKDEUiDJDUUDGR
WLIXV"(O%UDVLOHVXQSDtVDVTXHURVR¢2«FXiQWDVEDQDQDVFRPLyFXDQGR
EDMDPRVHQ5tRGH-DQHLUR"
5DFKHOD1XHYH
0LJQyQ'HEHVHULQGLJHVWLyQHQWRQFHV/DVSHOy¢QR"
5DFKHOD $ ODV GRV SULPHUDV QR ODV SHOp 1R VDEtD 'HVSXpV PH GLMR
6FKORPRTXHVHOHVVDFDEDODFiVFDUD«
0LJQyQ(VWDEDQYHUGHV<RFRPtGRVQDGDPiV(Q$UJHQWLQDHVWiOOHQRGH
EDQDQDV
5DFKHOD(VWR\DVTXHDGDGHWRGR
0LJQyQ ¢3RU TXp"¢6DEH FXiQWRHVWUHVPLO SHVRVDUJHQWLQRV"7UHLQWD\
FLQFRPLOUXEORV
5DFKHOD7UHLQWD\FLQFRPLOUXEORV1RPHUHIHUtDDHVR(OFDORU+DFHTXH
WRGRPHGHDVFR¢(VWDPRVHQHOWUySLFRWRGDYtD"
0LJQyQ6t
5DFKHOD4XL]iHVWR\JUXHVD
0LJQyQ DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH 1R GLJD ³JUXHVD´ GLJD ³HVSHUDQGR IDPLOLD´
6REUHVDOWDGDFDHHQODFXHQWD¢4Xp"
3DXVD
0LJQyQ6XPDGUHGLMRD6FKORPRTXHXVWHGHUDYLUJHQ
5DFKHOD/RHUD
0LJQyQ8VWHGYDOHORVWUHVPLOSHVRVSRUTXHHVYLUJHQSUHFLVDPHQWH
5DFKHOD<RYDOJRWUHLQWD\FLQFRPLOUXEORVSRUTXH6FKORPRVHHQDPRUyGH
Pt/XHJR\DKDYLVWRFyPRHVXQKRPEUHHQDPRUDGR
0LJQyQ4XpGLFH6HDKRJD(VWRVPDOGLWRVMXUHOHV DSHVWDQ4XpGLFH
5DFKHOD
5DFKHOD1RSXGRFRQWHQHUVH
0LJQyQ¢&yPR"¢<XVWHGVHORSHUPLWLy"
5DFKHOD¢1RGLFHXVWHGTXHpOPHFRPSUySRUWUHLQWD\FLQFRPLOUXEORV"
3DXVD
5DFKHOD([DFWDPHQWH¢TXpKDFHXVWHGSRUGLQHUR"
0LJQyQFRQVRUQD7HQHPRVXQDVRFLHGDGFRQ6FKORPR¢ORVDEtD"
5DFKHOD/DSHOHWHUtD
0LJQyQ8QDVRFLHGDGTXHSRQHDWUDEDMDUDODVPXMHUHV
5DFKHOD8QDVRFLHGDG
0LJQyQ1RHVXQPRYLPLHQWROLEHUWDULRIHPLQLVWD
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQ(V«XVWHGKDEUiRtGRKDEODU5DFKHOD
5DFKHOD8QDFDVDGHPDODYLGD
0LJQyQ¢/HGDKRUURU"6XPDGUHPLVPDVHORROtD\ODGHMyYHQLU
3DXVD
0LJQyQ/DHQWUHJy
5DFKHOD (UDQWUHLQWD\FLQFR PLO UXEORV 6LHPSUHVDOHDUHOXFLU HOGLQHUR
FRQYHUVDQGRFRQXVWHG
0LJQyQ8VWHGVDEtD
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQ8VWHGVHORROtD
5DFKHOD8QSRFRTXL]iV
0LJQyQ¢8VWHGFUHtDTXH6FKORPRVHKDEtDHQDPRUDGRORFDPHQWHSRUVX
FDUDERQLWD"
5DFKHOD(OHVWiHQDPRUDGRGHPt
0LJQyQ$KSRUIDYRU(OHVWiWUDEDMDQGR
5DFKHOD1R
0LJQyQ<RVR\VXPXMHU
3DXVD
5DFKHOD¢(VWiFDVDGRFRQXVWHG"¢7LHQHXVWHGORVSDSHOHV"3RUTXHTXH\R
VHSD6FKORPRQRORVWLHQH
0LJQyQ1R«
5DFKHOD(QWRQFHVXVWHGQRHVVXPXMHU
0LJQyQ8VWHGSLHQVDTXHWRGRVRQORVSDSHOHV5DFKHOD3DUDTXHVH
GHVD\XQHHQFXDQWRDSDSHOHVpOHVWiFDVDGRFRQ%URQLD9LDMDEDQD
EXVFDUPHDPtpO\HOOD¢VHGDFXHQWD"(OEDUFRVHOODPDED5HLQD9LFWRULD
1RWHTXpFRLQFLGHQFLDHVWHVHOODPD3ULQFHVD/XLVD<RHUDXQDPXFKDFKLWD
LQJHQXDFRPRXVWHGpOPHHQDPRUy\RYHQtDFRQILDGD«\GHSURQWR«\D
YHFRPRFiPELDODVXHUWH%URQLDVHKDEtDSXHVWRPX\YLHMD(VWDED
DFKDFDGD
5DFKHOD¢&XiQWRVDxRVWLHQHXVWHG"
0LJQyQ7UHLQWD\GRV
5DFKHOD$K
0LJQyQ/RVFXPSOtHOPHVSDVDGR
5DFKHODFRPRSDUDVtPLVPD¢+DEUiHVWHRORUDSHVFDGRUDQFLRWRGRHO
WLHPSRHQOD$UJHQWLQD"
3DXVD
3DXVD'HVFRQFLHUWRGH0LJQyQ
5DFKHOD³'HVSXpVGHODPHGLDQRFKH\DHVWiDJRWDGD$PDULOOD\HQFOHQTXH
KXHOHPDO´
0LJQyQ8VWHGHVWiPLQWLHQGR
5DFKHOD³7LHQHHOJUDQRPDORHQFXDQWRORVFOLHQWHVORVHSDQGHMDUiQGH
IUHFXHQWDUOD/DVPXMHUHVGHMDUiQGHREHGHFHUOD(VXQEXLWUHYLHMR´
0LJQyQ¢8QEXLWUHGLMR"1RSXGRKDEHUGLFKR³XQEXLWUH´
5DFKHOD\DYLRTXHpOHVPX\H[SUHVLYRFXDQGRKDEOD
3DXVD+RUURUGH0LJQyQ
0LJQyQVHHVSDQWD
5DFKHOD³/DSXVHDOODGRPtRSDUDTXHPHOOHYDUDODVFXHQWDV\TXH\DQR
DWHQGLHUDDODJHQWH<KDVWDSDUDHVRHVLQ~WLO´
0LJQyQeOOHPLHQWH5DFKHOD
5DFKHOD 'LMR PiV (VSHUH 'LMR ³0LJQyQ VH HVWi UHYHQWDQGR (OOD QL
VLTXLHUDVHGDFXHQWD(VWiWRGDSRGULGDSRUGHQWUR´0HOODPy³PLFKLTXLWD´
PLHQWUDVPH OR FRQWDED«¢&yPR GLFHTXppOOD OODPDED DXVWHGFXDQGR
HVWDEDQVRORV"
0LJQyQGXGDWLHPEOD5XELWD
5DFKHOD 'LMR DVt ³(VWDHVXQDSURIHVLyQGLItFLO PL FKLTXLWD\ DPtPH
SXHGHHOFRUD]yQ´
0LJQyQOORUD
5DFKHOD¢6HGDFXHQWD"0HGLMRTXHVXPD\RUSUREOHPDHUDTXH pOWHQtDXQ
JUDQFRUD]yQ
3DXVD
5DFKHOD 8VWHGTXpFUHH¢4XpHVWiPiVFHUFDGHOFRUD]yQHQXQKRPEUH
³UXELWD´R³PLFKLTXLWD´"
0LJQyQOORUDQGRYLYDPHQWH¢3RUTXpFUHHTXHpOQRODHQJDxD"(OYDD
WUDLFLRQDUODDXVWHGWDPELpQ
5DFKHOD1RORKDUi
0LJQyQ%URQLD«%URQLDGHFtDORTXHXVWHG\\DYH
5DFKHOD%URQLDHUDXQDHVW~SLGD
0LJQyQ«\HOOD«HOODWDPSRFRIXHODSULPHUD$QWHVKXERRWUD«QR«QR
UHFXHUGRHOQRPEUH«
5DFKHOD¢3RQGUtDpODWUDEDMDUDXQDPXMHUSUHxDGD«RKQR¢FyPRHUD"
³TXHHVSHUDIDPLOLD´SDUDGHQWURGHXQRVSRFRVPHVHV«"
0LJQyQ¢0HVHV"
5DFKHOD&XDWURPHVHV
0LJQyQGHVFRQVRODGD¢+DFHFXDWURPHVHVTXHXVWHG«"
5DFKHOD¢1RYLRODIDMDTXHOOHYR"8VWHGVLHPSUHWDQDWHQWDDODPRGD\QR
YLR«
3DXVD
0LJQyQ«FUHtTXHHUDXQDYHVWLGXUDUHOLJLRVD«
5DFKHODUtH
5DFKHOD(OVHSUHQGyGHPtDSHQDVPHFRQRFLy/DFDVDPHQWHUDOHVHxDOyD
PLKHUPDQD(GLWODTXHHVWRQWD3UHFLVDPHQWHSRUTXHHVWRQWD3HURpOVH
HQDPRUyGHPt<RHUDYLUJHQpOSXHGHGDUIH(UDMXQLRHUDHOYHUDQReO
QRFRQWDEDFRQTXHVHHQDPRUDUtDGHPt
0LJQyQFRQDUFDGDV'LRVPtR
5DFKHOD XVWHGVHKDEtD TXHGDGRHQ3DUtV FRPSUDQGRURSD9HQtD HQXQ
WUHQ8VWHGOOHJyHQDJRVWR)HVWHMDPRVVXFXPSOHDxRVHQPLFDVD/HGLMRD
PLPDGUHTXHXVWHGFXPSOtDYHLQWLFLQFRDxRV/HGLMRTXHXVWHGVHOODPDED
0DJGDOHQDSHURTXHODDSRGDEDQ0LJQyQ£3RU'LRV¢&UHHTXHODJHQWHHV
WRQWD" ¢4Xp FODVH GH PXFKDFKD MXGtD KHEUHD FRPR XVWHG GLFH SRGUtD
OODPDUVH 0DJGDOHQD" (V PX\ WUDYLHVD (VWHU 6X SDGUH HUD UDELQR 8Q
KRPEUH VDQWR VLQ GXGD 'HMy GH PHQFLRQDU VX QRPEUH FXDQGR XVWHG VH
PDUFKyDOD$UJHQWLQD6XSDGUHHVFRQRFLGRGHPLSDGUH(QODpSRFDHQ
TXHYLDMDEDD9DUVRYLDVHYHtDQ8VWHGHVWiPXHUWDSDUDVXSDGUH¢ORVDEtD"
(OQXQFDUHYHODTXHKDWHQLGRXQDKLMDTXHPDUFKyDOD$UJHQWLQDSDUD«
0LJQyQVLQ SRGHU FRQWHQHU HOYyPLWR HQSOHQR DFFHVR GH OODQWR HVWRV
PDOGLWRVMXUHOHV«
5DFKHOD'LFHVXSDGUHGHXVWHGTXHXVWHGHVWiPXHUWD6XPDGUHPXULyGH
SHQDKDFHSRFRWLHPSR$VXVKHUPDQRVORVPDWDURQXQRVVROGDGRVUXVRV
TXHDQGDEDQGHMXHUJD/RVVROGDGRVUXVRVVRQGHWHPHURGLDQDORVMyYHQHV
MXGtRV
0LJQyQVHGREODHQGRVSDUDYRPLWDU5DFKHODOHDOFDQ]DHOEDOGHHQTXHKD
YRPLWDGRHOOD
5DFKHOD4XpGHVHWUDQTXLODQRODYHQDGLH
0LJQyQGHVHVSHUDGD£1ROHFUHRQDGD£1ROHFUHR
5DFKHODFRQDLUHGHVXILFLHQFLD5HVSLUHSURIXQGR
0LJQyQ&XDQGROOHJXHPRVDOD$UJHQWLQDODYR\DKDFHUPDWDU
5DFKHOD¢$Pt"<RYDOJRWUHLQWD\FLQFRPLOUXEORVQRORROYLGH<RYDOJR
ORTXHODILQFDTXHUHJDODURQDOD]DULQDHQ0RVF~VX~OWLPRFXPSOHDxRV
+DEtD WXUTXHVDV HPSRWUDGDV HQ HQODV SDUHGHV GLEXMDEDQ XQ FLVQH« <D
VDEHXVWHGFXiQWROHJXVWDEDQORVFLVQHVDODIDPLOLDUHDO«
0LJQyQ/HMXURTXHODYR\DKDFHUPDWDU
5DFKHOD 8VWHG (VWHU YDOH OR TXH HO HVFDUStQ GH OD FRFLQHUD /DQD
HVSDUDGUDSR\VXFLHGDG¢&XiQWRHVHVR"¢9HLQWHUXEORV"¢4XLQFHUXEORV"
¢0HQRVTXL]iV"¢8QRVFRSHFVDSHQDV"¢&XiQWRHVFLQFRFRSHFVHQSHVRV
DUJHQWLQRV"
3DXVD0LJQyQGHVFRPSXHVWD
5DFKHOD $GHPiV 6XSRQJDPRV TXH ORJUH PDWDUPH ¢4Xp FUHH TXH KDUi
6FKORPR"¢&UHHTXHVHTXHGDUiDVXODGR"8QKRPEUHQRVHHQDPRUDGRV
YHFHVGHODPLVPDPXMHU8VWHGHVWiPXHUWD(VWHU
3DXVD
5DFKHOD¢6DEHFXiOIXHVXHUURU"3DUWLyGHPDVLDGRSURQWRGHODFDVDGHVX
PDGUH$XVWHGOHIDOWyVDEHU
0LJQyQPX\GHVFRPSXHVWD
5DFKHOD<DFiOPHVH9R\DEXVFDUD6FKORPR
0LJQyQ6RQORVMXUHOHVORVPDOGLWRVMXUHOHVTXH«
5DFKHOD&ODURTXHVRQORVMXUHOHV2HODLUHGHPDU3DUDXVWHG(VWHU¢TXp
LEDDVHU"
5DFKHODVDOH0LJQyQVHTXHGDLQFOLQDGDVREUHHOEDOGH
$SDJyQ