Precálculo

Col ombi a Abri l - 13-2011
Preclculo
Miscelnea de 77 ejercicios y problemas resueltos

Clculo21
Juan Bel trn

Prlogo

Este l i bro el ect rni co en format o PDF es una recopi l aci n de ej erci ci os y
probl emas resuel tos, paso a paso, de seri es i nfi ni tas. Los enunci ados son tomados de
di versos l i bros que t ratan sobre este tema y de ot ras fuentes (consul tas, f oros, l i st as
de correo, etc. ). Los enunci ados se l i stan si n ni ngn orden o referenci a espec fi ca, es
una mi scel nea
De forma peri di ca voy adi ci onando l as sol uci ones de ms ej erci ci os y
probl emas. La versi n ms actual i zada l a publ i co en mi Bl og Cl cul o21 en l a ent rada:
Precl cuo. Ebook sobre l a sol uci n de probl emas y ej erci ci os de precl cul o cuya
eti quet a es PDFs.

Enunci ados

En l os ej erci ci os 1 a 68, efecte l as operaci ones i ndi cadas, reduzca y si mpl i f i que.
De l a respuesta en f orma de una f racci n si mpl e y fact ori zada.
2
2
16
1.
8 16
x
x x
+ +
Al l endoerfer ( 4. 2. 1)
2
2
8 15

7 1
2.
2
x x
x x
+
+
2
2
4 9

2
3.
5 12
x
x x


4 4
4.
ac ad bc bd
a b ay by
+
+
2 2
5.
2 3

y yz z
ay by az bz

+ + +
2
3
.
1

1
6
x
x
Stewart ( 1. 4. 16)
4 7

2 3
7.
3 2 a b b a
+
+
2 2
4 7
8 .
x xy xy y
+
+ +
2 2
2

3 2
.
4
9
x x
x x x
+ +
2
2 2
2

4 4 6 9
10.
x x
x x x x
+
+ + +
2 2 2
3 2 5

3
1
2 4 3 5 6
1 .
x x x x x x
+
+ + + + + +
2
12
4 2

16
4
.
x x
x
x
+
Stewart ( 1. 4. 17)
2
2
13.
25 4

5
16
x x
x
x
+
Stewart ( 1. 4. 18)
2
2
1
2 3 3

3
2 3
4.
x x x
x
x x
+
+

Stewart ( 1. 4. 20)
2 2
2 2
4 9 2 3

2 9 1
15.
8 5 6
y y y
y y y y
+
+ +
Stewart ( 1. 4. 26)
2 3
6
16.
3
m n
m
Bal dor ( 118. 5)
3 4 6
7 8 10
1
17
.
34
7
x y z
x y z
Bal dor ( 118. 12)
6 2
3 4 3
1
0
. 8
3
45
x y
a x z
Bal dor ( 118. 13)
3 2
4 3 2
8 12

2 7 20 2
1 .
1
9
x x x
x x x x
+
+
Bal dor ( 119. 70)
4 2
4 3 2
7 2 8

2 9 10 2
20.
4
x x x
x x x x
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 119. 71)
5 3 2
5 4 3 2
1

2 8 6
1
5
.
6
2
a a a
a a a a a
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 119. 72)
3 2
3 2 5
5 15
22.
90 10
x x y
x y x
Bal dor ( 120. 29)

4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3

2 2
23.
a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax
+
+
Bal dor ( 121. 1)
4 3 2
4 3 2
3 4 3 5

3 6 3
24.
5
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + +
Bal dor ( 121. 2)
4 3 2
4 3 2
2 2 2

3 4 3
25.
3
ax ax ax ax a
ax ax ax ax a
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 121. 3)
3 2
3 2
6 13 18 8

10 9 11
26.
12
x x x
x x x
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 121. 4)
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
2 2

2 5
27.
4
x x y x y xy
x x y x y xy
+
+
Bal dor ( 121. 5)
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
2 2 2 3
2
3
8
4
.
3 5
a a a a
a a a a
+ + +
+ + +
Bal dor ( 121. 6)
3 4
2 3 4
1

1
9.
2 2
2
x x x
x x x x
+
+
Bal dor ( 120. 7)
3 2 2 3
3 2 2
2 2
0
3 3
3 .
m m n mn n
m m n mn n
+
+ + +
Bal dor ( 120. 8)
5 4 3 2
6 4 2
6 3 4 2 10 5

3
1
7
3
15
.
a a a a a
a a a
+ + +
+ +
Bal dor ( 120. 9)
6 4 3
6 4 3
5 10 21 2 4

3 6 11 2
32.
4
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+ +
Bal dor ( 120. 10)
6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
3 3 7 2
3
1

2 2 7
3.
14
n n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ +
+ + +
Bal dor ( 121. 11)
7 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
2 5 8 2 5 8

2 5 10 4 10 1
34
6
.
a a a a a a a
a a a a a a
+ + + + +
+ + + +
Bal dor ( 121. 12)
2
2
3
2 1 2

12 8 16 8
6 2
5.
x x x
x x
x x
+
+
+
+

Bal dor ( 130. 9)
2 2 2
1 2 3

2 24 2 8 8 12
36.
a a a a a a
+
+ + +
Bal dor ( 130. 13)
2
2 3
1 2 3

1
1 1
37.
x x
x
x x
+

Bal dor ( 130. 16)
( )
2 2
2 2 4
2
1 5 5

5 25
5
38.
a a
a a
a
+
+
+
+
Bal dor ( 130. 21)
3 2 5 4 1

20 10 40 20 6
39
0
.
30
a a a
a a a
+
+
+ + +

Bal dor ( 130. 25)
2 2 2
2 1
40.
3

2 5 3 2 6 2 x x x x x x
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 130. 26)
2 2
1 1

3 3 3 3
6 6 2 2
41.
x x
x x
x x
+
+
+
Bal dor ( 130. 30)
2
2
2 1 4 6 3

3 1 3 2
6 1
.
1
2
3
4
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + + +
+ +

+
Bal dor ( 131. 14)
2 2 2
2 2 2
4 4 2 4 6 6

3 6 3
4 .
2
3
x ax a ax a a x
ax a
ax a x ax a
+ + +

+
+ +
Bal dor ( 132. 27)
( )
4 4 2
3 2 4 3 2 2
27 1

3
3
.
9
3
44
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x
+ +

+ +
+
Bal dor ( 132. 30)
3
2
6 8
1 .
5
5
3
2
4
x x
x x
x
x
| | | |
+
|
|
+
\ .
\ .
Bal dor ( 133. 8)
2
2 2
1 1 1 46.
a b b
b a
a b
| |
| || |
+ +
| |
|
\ .\ .
\ .
Bal dor ( 133. 11)
2 6
47
1
2 3 1
1 2
.
x x x
| || || |
+ +
| | |
+ +
\ .\ .\ .
Bal dor ( 133. 12)
2 2 3 3
2 2
16 24 9 64 27

16 12
32 24
.
8
48
1
x xy y x y
x y
x xy y
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 134. 18)
( )
2 2
8 4 49
3
.
3
mx my nx ny
m n
x y
+
+
Bal dor ( 134. 22)

2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2
2 7 15 3 4
50
0

4 4 32
.
a ab b a ab b
a a b a ab b
+
+
Bal dor ( 134. 24)
3
1
51.
1
1
1
2
x
x
x
| | | |
+
| |
+ \ . \ .
Bal dor ( 135. 6)
2
1
5
3
1
4
2.
2
x
x
x
| | | |
+ +
| |
+
\ . \ .
Bal dor ( 135. 7)
2
2
2 1
53.
1
1
2
n n
n n
n
n
| | | |
+
| |
+ \ . \ .
Bal dor ( 135. 8)
3 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 2
6 9 4 27

2 7 3 8 2 16
54.
8
m m n mn m n m n
m n mn n m mn n m mn n
+ + +

+ + + +
Bal dor ( 136. 12)
( )
2
2
3 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
5 .
1
5
2
a ax
a a x a x
a x a a x a ax x a ax
| |

|
+ + + + +
\ .
Bal dor ( 136. 13)
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 4 2
2 2 2
2
5
3
6
27 9

9
3
.
3
3
a a
a a a
a
a a
a a
+
+
Bal dor ( 136. 14)
2 1

1
1
57.
x
x
x
Bal dor ( 137. 2)

2
14
5

8 7
58.
1
a
a
a
a
+
+ +
Bal dor ( 137. 12)
7 9
2
3

5 11
4
1
59.
a
a
a
a
a
a
+
+
+
+
+
Bal dor ( 137. 18)
2 2 2
60.
m m n
n m n
m n n
n m
+
Bal dor ( 138. 5)
2
1.
3
6
a b b
a b a
a b b
a a b
+
+
+
+

Bal dor ( 138. 11)
1

1
1
6 .
1
2
1
x
+
Bal dor ( 138. 21)

2
63.
1

1
x
x
x
x
x
+
Bal dor ( 137. 24)
1
4.
1
6
x h x
h
+
Lei thol d (1. 2. 1)
1 1
2 2 5 2 5
65.
x h x
h
+
( )
2 2
1
1
66.
x h x
x
x h
h
+

+
+ +
2 2
3 2 2
2 6 3 5

4
.
5 4 4
67
3
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
+ +
+
+ + + +
2 1 4 2 1 2

3 2 1
68.
4 4 3
x x x x
x x x x x
+ + +
+
+ +

En l os ej erci ci os 69 a 97, encuent re el conj unt o sol uci n de l a desi gual dad y
escr bal o en notaci n de i nterval os. Muestre el conj unt o sol uci n en l a recta numri ca
real .
3 9. 4 3 6 1 x x + Lei thol d (2. 5. 4)
4 5
10 3 7 .
3
0
x
x

Lei thol d (2. 5. 15)
4
7
1
1 5 1.
3
x
< < Lei thol d (2. 5. 21)
5
7
3
4 5
2
2.
x +

Lei thol d (2. 5. 28)

2
. 4 9 73 9 x x Lei thol d (2. 6. 14)
( ) 6 1 4 1 7 5 . x x + Lei thol d (2. 6. 18)
3
1 5. 7 6 x x Lei thol d (2. 6. 21)
5 3
5 76 0 . 4 x x x + > Lei thol d (2. 6. 30)
3 77. 4 2 x Lei thol d (2. 7. 20)

Soluciones

( )( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
16

8 16
Solucin- :
factorizando la diferencia de cuadrados en el
4 4
16
numerador y el trinomio cuadrado perfec
Juan Beltrn
to en el ,
8 16
4
denominador

1.

x
x x
x x
x
x x
x
+ +

+

=
`
+ +
+

)
( )
2
2
4
16

8 16
x
x
x x
+
=
+ +
( )
( )
2
4
4
x
x
+
{ }
2
2
cancelando factores iguales presentes en
;
numerador y denominador
.
16 4
4
8 16
x x
x
x x

=
+
+ +

( )( )
( )( )
{ }
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8 15

7 12
Solucin- :
5 3
8 15
factorizando los trinomios de la forma ,
4 3 7 12
5 3
8 15

7
Juan Beltr
2
n
12
.
x x
x x
x x
x x
x bx c
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
+
+

+
= + +
+

+
=
+
( ) 4 3 x x
( )
{ }
2
2
cancelando factores iguales presentes en
;
numerador y denominador

8 15 5
4
7 12
.
x x x
x
x x
+
=

+

( )
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
3
4 9

2 5 12
Solucin- :
2 2 3
2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3
4 9
,
2 8 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 5 12 2 5 12
.
Juan Beltr
2 5 2 24
2
4 9

2 5 12
n
x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x
x
x x
+ + +

= = = =
+ +
=

( ) ( ) 2 3 2 3 x x +
2 ( ) ( ) 4 2 3 x x +
2
2
4 9 2
;

3

2 2
.
4
5 1
x x
x
x x

=

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
J

4 4
Solucin- :
,
4 4
uan Beltr
4 4 4 4

n
4
4.
4
ac ad bc bd
a b ay by
ac bc ad bd c a b d a b a b c d
ac ad bc bd
a b ay by a b ay by a b y a b a b y
a b
ac ad bc bd
a b ay by
+
+
+ + +
+
= = =
+ + +
+
=
+
( )
( )
c d
a b
+
( )
;
4

4 4
.
4
ac ad bc bd c d
a b ay by y
y
+ +
=
+

( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
Juan Beltr
2 3

Solucin- :
3 3 3
2 3
,
3
2 3

5.

n
y yz z
ay by az bz
y z y z y z y z y z y z
y yz z
ay by az bz ay by az bz y a b z a b a b y z
y z y z
y yz z
ay by az bz

+ + +
+ + +

= = =
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+

=
+ + +
( ) ( ) a b y z + +
2 2
;
.
2 3 3 y yz z y z
ay by az bz a b

=
+ + + +

( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) { }
( )( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
2
3
2
3 2
2
3 2
3 3 2 2
1

1
Solucin- :
1 1
1
, ,
1 1 1
1
1 1
1

6

Juan Beltrn

1 1 1
.
a b a
x
x
x x
x
x x x x
x
x x
x
a b a b a b b a a
x x x x
b b
=
+ +
= =
= = +
+ +
+ +
( )
( )
1
1
x
x
+
( )
2
2
2
3
;
1

1
1

1
1
.
x
x
x x
x
x x
+
+
+
=
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )
( )( )
4 7

2 3 3 2
Solucin- :
4 2 3 7 2 3
4 7 4 7 4 7
,
2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
3 2 11
4 7 8 12 14 21 6 33
;
2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
Juan Belt
7.
r
3 2 3 2 3
n
a b b a
a b a b
a b b a a b a b a b a b a b a b
a b
a b a b a b
a b b a a b a b a b a b a b a b
+
+
+
+ = + = =
+ + + +
+

+ = = =
+ + + +
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
3 2 11 3 2 11
4 7
2 3 3 2 2

3 2 3 2 3 3 2
.
a b a b
a b b a a b a b a b b a
+ +
+ = =
+ + +

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
4 7

Solucin- :
4 7 4 7 4 7

7 4 4
;

Juan Beltrn
7
8.
.
x xy xy y
y x
x x y y x y xy x y x x
x y
xy x y x xy xy
y xy y
y
+
+ +
+
+ = + =
+ + + + +
+
+ =
+ + +

( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )
( )( )( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2

3 2 4
Solucin- :
2 2 1
2 2
,
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 4
2 2 4 5
;
2 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 4

Juan Beltr

5
2
2 1 2 3

9
2 4
n
.
x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x
x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
x
x
+ +
=
+ + + +
+
= =
+ + + + + + +

= =
+ + + + + +
.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 4 3 2 3 2 4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2

4 4 6 9
Solucin- :
3 2 2
2 2
,
4 4 6 9
2 3 2 3
2 6 9 2 8 8 8 8
,
4 4 6 9
2 3 2 3

Juan Beltrn
10.
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
+
+ + +
+ +
+ = + =
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + + +
+ = =
+ + +
+ +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
4 3 2
3
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
8 1
2 3
8 8
8 8
2
.
4 4 6 9
2 3 2 3
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
+ + +
+ + +
+ = = =
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
3 2 5

3 2 4 3 5 6
Solucin- :
3 2 5 3 2 5
,
2 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 4 3 5 6
3 3 2 2 5 1
3 2 5
,
1 2 3 3 2 4 3 5 6
3 2 5

11
Juan Beltr
.
n
3 2 4 3
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
+
+ + + + + +
+ = +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ =
+ + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + ( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
( )( )( )
2
2 2 2
3 9 2 4 5 5
;
1 2 3 5 6
3 2 5 6 10

2
.
1 2
3 5
1 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 5 6
x x x
x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x
x
x x
+ + +
=
+ + + + +
+
+ = =
+ + + + + + + + +
+
+ + +

( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2
2
4 2

16
4
Solucin- :
4 2
4 2 4 2
;
16
1
16 2 2 16 2 2 4
4 2

Juan B
2
eltrn
.
4 2
.
4 1
1
6
x x
x
x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x
x x
+
+
+ +
= =
+ +
+
=

( )( )
( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
25 4

5
16
Solucin- :
5 5
5 5 5 5 4
25
13.
4 4

5 5 4 4 4 4 5 16
Juan Beltrn
x x
x
x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
+
+
+ + +
+ +
= = =
+ + + + +
( ) 4 x +
( ) ( ) 4 4 x x + ( ) 5 x +
2
2
;
25 4
.
5
1
5
4
6
x x x
x x
x
+
=

( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
2
2
2
2
Juan Beltr
2 3 3

3
2 3
Solucin- :
3
3 1 3 3 1 3
2 3 3

3 3 3 1 3 1 3
14.
2
n
3
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
+
+

+
+ + | |
+
= = =
|
+ + + + +
\ .
( ) ( ) 1 3 x x
( ) 3 x ( ) ( ) 1 3 x x + +
2
2
1 1
1 1
;
2 3 3
.
3
2 3
x x x
x
x x
x x
x x
+

=
+
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
4 9 2 3

2 9 18 5 6
Solucin- :
2 2 3
2 2 3
4 9 2 3
,
2 6 1 2 9 18 5 6 2 2 9 18
2 2 3 2 3 2 2

Juan Bel

15
tr

2 9 2 3
n
6
.
y y y
y y y y
y
y y
y y y
y y y y y y y y
y y y y
y y
+
+ +
+
+
=
+ + + +
+ +
=
+
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
6
,
2 6 1
2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2
,
2 12 2 3 2 6 1
2 2 3 2 2 3 1
,
2 6 2 6 1

y y
y y y y
y y y y
y y y
y y y
+
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 3 2 3
,
6 6
2 3 6
;
6
1
2 3
4 9 2 3
.
2 9 18 5 6
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y y
y y y y
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+
+
=
+

2 3
2 3 2 1 3
1
3
3
3
2
6

3
Solucin- :
6 2 3

Juan Beltr
2 ;
3 3
6
.
n
3
16.
2
m n
m
m n m n
m n
m
m n
mn
m
= =
=

3 4 6
7 8 10
3 4 6
7 8 10 7 3 8 4 10 6
3 4 6
7 8 4 10 4 4
17

34
Solucin- :
17 17
;
34 17 2
17

1
Juan
7.
1
Bel
2
.
34
trn
x y z
x y z
x y z
x y z x y z
x
x
y z
x z y z y

=
=

6 2
3 4 3
6 2 6 4 2
3 4 3 3 3
6 2
3 4 3
2 2
3 3
30

45
Solucin- :
30 2
Juan Be
18
3 5
;
45 3
2
3 5
30
.
4
ltr
.
5
n
3
x y
a x z
x y x y
a x z a z
x x y
a
y
a z x z

=

=

3 2
4 3 2
3 2
4 3 2
3 2

8 12

2 7 20 12
Solucin- :
8 12

Juan Bel
( )
2 7 20 12
1
19
tr
8 1
.
n
2
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
+
+
+
+
+
( )( )
( )( )
3 2 2
2
3 2
4 3 2

1 1 8 12 3
3 12 12
8 12 3 4 4 ,
1 4 4 0
8 12 3 2 ( )
2
2
7 20
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x

+ = + +

+ = +
+
( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
4 3 2 3 2
4 3 2 2
2
4 3 2
1 2 7 20 12 3
12
3 15 24 12
1 5 8 4 0 1
2 7 20 12 3 5 8 4 ,
1 4 4
2 7 20 12 3 1 4 4 ,
1 4 4 0
2 7 20 12 3 1 2
x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x

+ = + +
+ = + +

+ = +
( )( )
( )( )( )
2
3 2
4 3 2 2
3 2
4 3 2
( )
La forma factorizada de ( ) a partir de ( ) y ( ) es:
3 2
8 12
;
2 7 20 12
3 1 2
8 12
.
2 7 20 12

3
1 2

1
1
3

x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x
+
+
=
+
+
+
=

+

4 2
4 3 2
4 2
4 3 2
4 2

7 2 8

2 9 10 24
Solucin- :
7 2 8

Juan Be
( )
2 9 10 24
7 2 8

20
ltrn
.
1
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
( )( )
( )( )( )
4 2 3 2
4 2 2

1 0 7 2 8 1
1 1 6 8
1 1 6 8 0 2

7 2 8 1 6 8 ,
2 2 8
1 1 4 0
7 2 8 1 2 4 ( )

2
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x

+ = +

+ = +
( )( )
( )( )( )
4 3 2
4 3 2 3 2
4 3 2 2

1 2 9 10 24 2
2 8 2 24
2 9 10 24
1 4 1 12 0 3
2 9 10 24 2 4 12 ,
3 3 12
1 1 4 0
2 9 10 24 2 3 4 (3)
La forma fa
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x

+ +

+ + = + +

+ + = +
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2
4 2
4 3 2 2
4 2
4 3 2
ctorizada de ( ) a partir de ( ) y ( ) es:
1 2 4
7 2 8
;
2 9 10 24 2 3 4
7 2 8
.
2 9 1
1
3
1 2 3
0 24
x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x
+
+
=
+ + +
+
=

+

+

5 3 2
5 4 3 2
5 3 2
5 4 3 2
5 3 2
5

1

2 6 8 5 6
Solucin- :
1

Juan B
( )
2 6 8 5
elt
6
1
21
1
2
r
.
n
a a a
a a a a a
a a a
a a a a a
a a a
a
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )( )( )
5 3 2
4 3 2 4 3 2
3 2 2
5 3 2
5 4 3 2 3 2
2 3
5 3 2
5 4 3 2 2
5 3 2
5 4
1
,
6 8 5 6 1 3 3 11 6
1 1
1
,
2 6 8 5 6 1 2 5 7 3
1 1
1
,
2 6 8 5 6 1 2 3 2 1
1

2 6
a a a
a a a a a a a a a
a a a
a a a
a a a a a a a a a a
a a
a a a
a a a a a a a a a a
a a a
a a
+ +
=
+ + + +

+
=
+ + + + +

+
=
+ + + + +
+

( )( )( )( )
( )( )( )( )
( )( )
2
3 2 2
5 3 2
5 4
2
3 2
1 1 1 1
;
8 5 6
1 2 3 1
1
.
2 6 8 5 6
1 2 6 8 5 6 1
1 3 3 11 6
1

1
3

2

a a a a a
a a a
a a a a
a a a
a a a a
a a
a a a
+ + +
=
+ +
+ +
+
=
+ +

+ +
+
3 3 11 6 0 2
2 10 14 6
1 5 7 3 0 3
3 6 3
1 2 1 0

( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
3 2
3 2 5
2
3 2
3 2 5 3 2 2
3 2
3 2 5
5 15

90 10
Solucin- :
5 3 3 3
5 15

1
2 3
;
2 3 3 2 3 3
Juan Be
90 10 10 9
5 15
.
90 1
ltr
2 .
0
n
2
x x y
x x y
x y x
x x y x y x y
x x y
x y x y x x x y x y x y x x y x
x x y
x y x
= = =
+ +
=
+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
3 2
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2
2
2 2
Solucin- :
,
2 2 2 2 2

Juan Beltr

3.
n

2 2
a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax
a a x ax a x
a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax a a x ax a x a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax
a a x a x ax
+
+
+
+
+
= =
+ + +
+
+
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
3 2 2 2
3 2
3 3 2 3 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2
2
2 2
2
2 3
;
2 2 2

2
.
2 2
a x a ax a a x
a ax
a ax a x a ax a a x
a a x a x ax
a a x
a x
a x a a x x
+ +
+
= = =

+
=

+
+

4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2 4 3 2
4 3 2
3 4 3 5

3 6 3 5
Solucin- :
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador:
3 4 3 5 3 6 3 5
3 6 3 5 1

Juan Belt
24.

rn

x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +

2
4 3 2 2
4 3 2 2
2 6 10
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el resultado de dividir el residuo
por 2:
3 6 3 5 3 5
3 5 1

x x
x x x x x x
x x x x

+ + + + + +

2
2
2
2
4 3 2
4
3 5
3 5
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 3 5 .
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 3 5 :
3 4 3 5

x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x
+ +

+ +
+ +
+ +
( )
( )
4 3 2 2
3 2 4 3 2 2
4 3 2 2 4 3 2
4 3 2 2
2
2
3 4 3 5 ( 3 5)
3 6 3 5
3 6 3 5 ( 3 5)
3 4 3 5 3 5 3 6 3 5
3 5

3 5
3 5
1 x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x x
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +

+ +

( )( )
2
4 3 2
2
2
4 3
2
2
2
2
4 3 2 2
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
Por lo tanto:
3 4 3 5

1
1 1
1
.
1 3 6 3 5 1
x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x x
+ +

+ +

+ +
= =
+ + + +
+
+
+ +

4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2 4 3 2
4 3 2 4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3
2 2 2

3 4 3 3
(2 2 2) 2 2 2
{sacando factor comn},
3 4 3 3 (3 4 3 3)
2 2 2

.
3
2
4
5

ax ax ax ax a
ax ax ax ax a
a x x x x ax ax ax ax a
ax ax ax ax a a x x x x
ax ax ax ax a
ax ax ax
+
+ +
+ +
=
+ + + +
+
+
4 3 2
2 4 3 2
4
2 2 2
{simplificando}
3 3 3 4 3 3
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador (previamente multiplicamos el numerador por
3 y el denominador por 2):
6 3
x x x x
ax a x x x x
x x
+
=
+ + +
3 2 4 3 2
4 3 2
3 2
3 6 6 6 8 2 6 6
6 8 2 6 6 1
5 5 12 12
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el residuo
(previamente multiplicamos el divi
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
+ + +
+ +
+
4 3 2 3 2
4 3 2
3 2
3 2
sor por 5 y el residuo por 6):
30 40 10 30 30 30 30 72 72
30 30 72 72 1/ 3
10 82 42 30
10 10 24
x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
+ + +
+ +
+

2
24
72 66 6
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el ltimo residuo
(previamente multiplicamos el divisor por 12 y el residuo por 5):
36
x x
+

3 2 2
3 2
2
2
0 360 864 864 360 330 30
360 330 30 1/ 12
30 834 864
55 5
30
2 2
1723 17

2
x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x
+
+ +
+

+
2
23
2
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el ltimo residuo
2
(previamente multiplicamos el divisor por y el residuo lo dividimos por 30):
1723
12 11 1 1

x x x

2
4 3
12 12 12 1
1
1
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 1 .
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 1:
2

x x x
x
x
x
x
ax ax a
+ +

( )
( )
4 3 2
2
4 3 2 4 3 2
2 2 2 ( 1)
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 ( 1)
x x x x x
x ax a
ax ax ax ax a x x x x x
+
+
=
+ + + +

4 3 2
4 3 2 3
3 2
3 2
2 2 2 1
2 2
2 2

2
2 2

2
x x x x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x
+
+
+
+
+
+
4 3 2
4 3
3
3 2
2
3 2
3 4 3 3 1
3 3
3 3

3 3
2 2 3 3
Po
3 3
r
x x x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
+ +
+
+ +
+
+
4 3 2
4
3 2
3 3 2 2
lo tanto:
2 2 2
.
3
2 2
3 3 4 3 3
ax ax ax ax a x x
ax ax x ax ax a x
+
=
+
+ + +

3 2
3 2
3 2
6 13 18 8

10 9 11 12
Solucin- :
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador (previamente multiplicamos el numerador por
30 65 90 40
Juan B
2
eltr
.
n

6

x x x
x x x
x x x
+
+ +
+
3 2
3 2
2
30 27 33 36
30 27 33 36 1
38 57 76
(previamente dividimos el divisor por 3 y el re
x x x
x x x
x x
+ +
+
+
3 2 2
3 2
2
2
siduo por 19):
10 9 11 12 2 3 4
10 15 20 5 3
6 9 12
6 9 12
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. e
x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +
+ +
+
+
( )
( )
2
2
3 2 2
4 3 2
3 2 3 2 2
3 2 2
s 2 3 4.
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 2 3 4 :
6 13 18 8 (2 3 4)
2 2 2

10 9 11 12 10 9 11 12 (2 3 4)
6 13 18 8 2 3 4

x x
x x
x x x x x
ax ax ax ax a
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
+
+
+ +
+
=
+ + + + +
+ +
3 2 2
3 2 3 2
2 2
2 2
10 9 11 12 2 3 4
6 9 12 10 15 20
4 6 8 6 9 12
4 6 8 6 9 12

3 2

3

5
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x
x
x
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
3 2
3 2

Por lo tanto:
6 13 18 8
.
10 9 11 12
3 2
5 3
x x x x
x x x
x
+
=
+ +
+

4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
4
2 2

2 5 4
Solucin- :
2 2 ( 2 2 )
{sacando factor comn},
2 5 4 (2
Juan Beltr
5 4 )
2 2

2
n
.
5
27
x x y x y xy
x x y x y xy
x x y x y xy x x x y xy y
x x y x y xy x x x y xy y
x x y x y xy
x x
+
+
+ +
=
+ +
+
3 2 2 3
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
3 2 2 3
2 2
{simplificando}
4 2 5 4
Dividimos el denominador por el numerador:
2 5 4 2 2
2 4 4 2 2

x x y xy y
y x y xy x x y xy y
x x y xy y x x y xy y
x x y xy y
+
=
+ +
+ +
+ +
2 3
3 2 2 3 2 2
3 2

por :
2 2

x y y
y
x x y xy y x y
x xy
+
+
+
2 2 3
2 3
2 3
2
2 3
2 2
3 3
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el resultado de dividir el lt
x y
x y xy y
x y y
xy y
2
2 2
3 2 2 3
3 2
imo
residuo por 3 :
( ) ( )
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es (el ltimo divisor).
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por :
2 2

2 5
y
x y x y x y
x y
x y
x x y xy y
x x y
= +
+
+
( )
( )
3 2 2 3
2 3 3 2 2 3
3 2 2 3
3 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 ( )
4 2 5 4 ( )
2 2

2

x x y xy y x y
xy y x x y xy y x y
x x y xy y x y
x x y
x y xy
x y
x xy y
xy
x
+
=
+
+
+
+
+
2 2
3 2 2 3
3 2
2 2
2 2
2 3 2 3
2 3
2 3
2 5 4
2 2
3 4
3 3

x x y xy y x y
x x y
x y xy
x y xy
y y xy y
xy
y
y
x xy
+
+
+

+
+
2 3
4 3 2 2 3
4 3 2 2 3
2 2
2 2

Por lo tanto:
2 2
.
2 5

3 4 2
xy y
x x y x y xy
x x y
x xy y
y y x x x y x y
+
+ +
=
+ +

5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
2 2 2 3

3 3 4 5
Solucin- :
Dividimos el denominador por el numerador (previamente multiplicados el numerador por

Juan
6 3 6
Beltrn
8.
6 9
2
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
4 2
5 4 3 2
6 2 6 8 10
6 2 6 8 10 1
2 1
Dividimos el divisor por el resultado de multiplicar el residuo por 1 :
6 2 6 8
a a a a
a a a a
a a
a a a a
+ + +
+

+ +
4 2
5 3
4 3 2
4 2
3 2
10 2 1
6 12 6 6 2
2 6 8
2 4 2
6 12 6 12
Dividimos el
a a
a a a a
a a a
a a
a a a
+ + +

+
+ +
+ +
4 2 3 2
4 3 2
3 2
divisor por el resultado de dividir el ltimo residuo por 6 :
2 1 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
3 2
2
3 2 2
3
4 2 4
5 5
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el resultado de dividir el ltimo
residuo por 5 :
2 2 1

a a a
a
a a a a
a
+ +
+
+ +
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 1 (el ltimo divisor).

a a
a
a
a
a

+
+
+
( )
( )
5 4 3 2 2
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2 5
3 2
4 3 2 2
5 4 3 2 2
5 3
4 2
2 2 2 3 ( 1)
2 2 2 3

3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 ( 1)
2 2 2 3 1
2 2
2

3

2

a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a a a a a
a a
a
a a a
a a
a a
a
+ + + +
+ + +
=
+ + + + + + +
+ + + +

+
+
5 4 3 2 2
5 3
4 2
4
3 2
2
2
2
3 3 4 5 1
3 3
4

3 3

3
3
5
3
a a a a a
a a a a
a a
a a
a
a
+ + + +

+
+
+
+

3
4 2
2
2
3
2
5 4 3
2
2
5 4 3 2

5 5
5 5
Por lo tanto:
2 2 2 3
.
2 3
3 5 3 3 4 5
a a
a
a
a a
a a
a a a a
a a a a
+
+

+ + +
=
+ + +
+
+

3 4
2 3 4
4 3 2 4 3
4 3
1

1 2 2
Solucin- :
Dividimos el denominador por el numerador
(previamente ordenados en forma descendente):
2 2 1
Juan Be
29.
1

ltrn

x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x
+
+
+ +
+
3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2
1 1

por :
1 1

x
x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x
+

+ + +

2
3 2
3 2
2
2
2
2 1
2 1
2 2 2
1
1
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 1 (el ltimo divisor)
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
+
+
+ +
+ +

+ +
( )
( )
2
4 3 2
3 4
2 3 4 4 3 2 2
4 3 2
3 2 2 4
.
1 ( 1)
1

1 2 2 2 2 1 ( 1)
1 1

2 1

x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
+ +
+ + +
+
=
+ + + +
+ + +
+
4 3 2 2
4 3 2
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 1 1

2 3 2 2
2 2 2 3 3 3
1 1
1
3

1
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +

+ + + +
+ + + +

+
2
2 3 4
2 3 4 2
1
Por lo tanto:
1

2
.
1 2 2
1
3 1
x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x

+
=
+ +
+

3 2 2 3
3 2 2
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
3 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 3
3 2 2
2 2
2
2 2

3 3
Solucin- :
2 ( ) ( ) ( )(2 ) 2 2
;
J
3 3 3 ( ) ( ) ( )(3 )
2 2
3 3
uan Beltr
0
n
.
2
3
3

m m n mn n
m m n mn n
m m n n m n m n m n m m n mn n
m
m
m n mn n m m n n m n m n m n
m m n mn n
m m n mn n m
n
+
+ + +
+ + + +
= =
+ + + + + + + +
+
=

+ + + +
{simplificando}.
n

5 4 3 2
6 4 2
6 4 2
6 3 4 2 10 5

3 7 15
Solucin- :
Dividimos el denominador por el numerador (previamente multiplicando el denominador
por 2):
6
Jua
14 2 30
n Belt
31.
rn
a a a a a
a a a
a a a
+ + +
+ +
+ +
5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
4
6 3 4 2 10 5
6 3 4 2 10 5 1/ 2
3 18 2 12 5 30
3 5
3 2 5
2 2
39

2
a a a a a
a a a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
2
5 4 3 2 4 2
5 3
65
13
2
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el resultado de multiplicar el
residuo por 2 / 13 :
6 3 4 2 10 5 3 2 5
6 4
a
a a a a a a a
a a
+
+ + + +
+
4 2
4 2
4 2
10 2 1
3 2 5
3 2 5

Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 3 2 5 (el ltimo divi
a a
a a
a a
a a
+
+

+
( )
( )
4 2
5 4 3 2 4 2
5 4 3 2
6 4 2 6 4 2 4 2
5 4 3 2
sor).
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 3 2 5 :
6 3 4 2 10 5 (3 2 5)
6 3 4 2 10 5

3 7 15 3 7 15 (3 2 5)
6 3 4 2 10 5 3

a a
a a a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a a a a
a a a a a
+
+ + + +
+ + +
=
+ + + + +
+ + +
4 2 6 4 2 4 2
5 3 6 4 2
4 2 4
4 2
2
2 5 3 7 15 3 2 5
6 4 10 3 2 5
3 2 5 9
3 2 5

2 1

3
a a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a
a a
a a
+ + + +
+ +
+
+
2
4 2
5 4 3 2
6 4 2 2
6 15
9 6 15

Por lo tanto:
6 3 4 2 10 5
.
3 7 1
2 1
5 3
a
a a
a a a a a
a a a a
a
+
+
+ + +
=
+
+
+ +

6 4 3
6 4 3
6 4 3
5 10 21 2 4

3 6 11 2 4
Solucin- :
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador (previamente multiplicando el umerador
por 3 y el denominador por 5):

32.
15 30
Juan Beltr
3
n
6
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
+ +
+ +
+
6 4 3
6 4 3
3
6 12 15 30 55 10 20
15 30 55 10 20 1
8 16 32
Como la divisin no es exacta, dividimos el divisor por el resultado de dividir el residu
x x x x x
x x x x
x x
+ + +
+ +
+
6 4 3 3
6 4 3 3
3
3
o
por 8 :
15 30 55 10 20 2 4
15 30 60 15 5
5 10 20
5 10 20

x x x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
+ + +
+
+
+
( )
3
3
6 4 3
6 4 3
6 4 3

Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 2 4 (el ltimo divisor).
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 2 4 :
5 10 21 2 4 (
5 10 21 2 4

3 6 11 2 4
x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+
+
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
( )
3
6 4 3 3
6 4 3 3 6 4
6 4 3
3
3
3
2 4)
3 6 11 2 4 ( 2 4)
5 10 21 2 4 2 4 3 6 11
5 10 20
2 4
2 4

1

5
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x
+
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+
+
+
3 3
6 4 3
3
3
3
6 4 3
6 4
3
3 3
2 4 2 4
3 6 12
2 4
2 4

Por lo tanto:
5 10 21 2 4
.
3 6 11 2 4
5
3 1
1
3 1
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
x
+ +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

=
+

6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
3 3 7 21

2 2 7 14
Solucin- :
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador :
3 3 7 21 2 2 7 14

Juan Bel
2 2 7 14
r
3
n
3
t
.
n n n n n n
n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ +
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ +
5 3
6 5 4 3 2 5 3
6
1
5 5 35
por 5 :
2 2 7 14 7

n n n
n n n n n n n n n
n
+
+ + + +
4 2
5 3
5 3
5 3
7 2
2 2 14
2 2 14

Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 7
n n n
n n n
n n n
n n n
+ +
+
+
+
( )
( )
5 3
6 5 4 3 2 5 3
6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2 6 5 4 3 2 5 3
(el ltimo divisor).
Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por 7 :
3 3 7 21 ( 7 )
3 3 7 21

2 2 7 14 2 2 7 14 ( 7 )

n n n
n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
+
+ + +
+ +
=
+ + + + + + +
6 5 4 3 2 5 3
6 4 2
5 3
5 3
6
3 3 7 21 7
7

3 3 21

3 3 21

2
3

n n n n n n n n n
n n n
n n n
n n
n n
n
n
+ + +
+
+
+
+
5 4 3 2 5 3
6 4 2
5 3
5 3
6 5 4 3 2
2 7 14 7
7
2 2 14
2 2 14
Por lo tanto:
3 3 7 21
2

n n n n n n n
n n n
n n n
n n n
n n n n
n
n
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+
6 5 4 3 2
.
2 2 7 14
3
2
n
n n n
n
n n
n
n
=
+

+
+ +

7 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 6 5 4 3 2
2 5 8 2 5 8

2 5 10 4 10 16
Solucin- :
Dividimos el numerador por el denominador :
2 5 8 2 5 8 2 5 10 4 10 16
Juan Beltr

4.
n

3

a a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + +
7 6 5 4 3 2
4 3 2
2 5 10 4 10 16
2 3 12 21 8
(previamente multiplicamos el divisor por 2 y
a a a a a a a a
a a a a
+ +
+ +
6 5 4 3 2 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2 2
5 4 3 2
el residuo por 1) :
2 4 10 20 8 20 32 2 3 12 21 8
1 1
2 3 12 21 8
2 4
2 16 20 32

a a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a
a a a a a
+ + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
5 4 3 2
4 3 2
4 3 2
3 2
3 21
6 4
2 2
1 11
5 16 32
2 2
1 3 21
3 2
2 4 4
17 17 8

4 2
a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+
4 3 2 3 2
4 3 2
5
34
4
(previamente multiplicamos el residuo por 4 / 17) :
2 3 12 21 8 2 5 8
2 4 10 16
a
a a a a a a a
a a a a
+
+ + + +
+
3 2
3 2
3 2
2 1
2 5 8
2 5 8
Como la divisin es exacta, el m.c.d. es 2 5 8 (el ltimo divisor).
Dividimos el numerador y el denomin
a
a a a
a a a
a a a
+
+ +
+ +
( )
( )
3 2
7 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 3 2
6 5 4 3 2
ador por 2 5 8 :
2 5 8 2 5 8

2 5 10 4 10 16
2 5 8 2 5 8 ( 2 5 8)

2 5 10 4 10 16 (
a a a
a a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
=
+ + + +
3 2
2 5 8) a a + +

4
7 6 5 4 3 2 3 2
7 6 5 4
3 2
3 2
2 5 8 2 5 8 2 5 8
2 5 8
2 5 8
2 5 8

1

a a a a a a a
a
a a a
a a a a
a a a
a a a
+ + + + + + +
+
+ +
+
+

6 5 4 3 2 3 2
6 5 4 3
3
3
2
3 2
2 5 10 4 10 16 2 5 8
2 5 8
2 4 10 16
2
2
4
a a a a a a a a a
a a a a
a
a
a a
a a
+ + + + + +
+
+ +

+
+
7 6 5 4 3 2
6 5 4
4
3 2 3
10 16
Por lo tanto:
2 5 8 2 5 8
.
2 5 10 4 10 16
1
2
a
a a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a
a
+ + + + +
=
+
+
+ + + +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 1 2

12 8 16 8
6 2
Solucin- :
2 1 2 2 1 6 2
,
12 8 16 8 4 3 2 8 2 1 6 2 6 6 2
2 1 6

Juan

4 3 2
3
Beltr
4 2 1
6 6 12
.
n
5
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x x
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ = +
+ + + +
+
= +
+
+
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
2
,
2 1 6
,
4 3 2 6 4 6 3 4 2 1
2 1 6
,
4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 4 2 1

x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
+
= +
+ +
+
= +
+ +
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
3 2 1
4 3 2 2 1
2 1
,
4 3 2 3 2 2 1 4 2 1
2 1 2 1 4 3 2
4 1 4 3 2
;
4 3 2 2 1 4 3 2 2 1
2 1 2
.
12 8 16 8
6 2
x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x
+
= +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
= =
+ +
+
+
+
=
+ +
+

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 2 3

2 24 2 8 8 12
Solucin- :
1 2 3 1 2 3
,
6 4 4 2 6 2 2 24 2 8 8 12
2 2 6 3 4

Juan

2 4
36
Beltr
.
n
a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a a a
a a a
a a a
+
+ + +
+ = +
+ + + + + + +
+ + +
=
+ ( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2 2 2
,
6
2 2 12 3 12
;
2 4 6
1 2 3
.
26
2 4 6 2 24 2 8 8 12
a a a
a a a
a a a a a a a a a
+
+ + + +
=
+ +
+ =
+ + + + +

( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
2
2 3
2 2
2 3 2
2 2 2
2
1 2 3

1
1 1
Solucin- :
1 2 3 1 2 3
,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 3 1
,
1
Juan Beltr
1 1

n
37.
x x
x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x
+

+ = +
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
=
+ + +
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
3 2 2 3 2 3 2
2 2
2 3 2
2
1 2 2 2 3 3

4 1
1 1
;
1 1 1
1 2 3

1
1
.
1 1
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x
+
+ + + + +
+
+
+ + +
=
+ + +
+ =
+ +

( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 4
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 4 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
1 5 5

5 25
5
Solucin- :
1 5 5 1 5 5
,
5 25 5 5 5
5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5

38.

Juan Beltrn
,
5 5

a a
a a
a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a
a a a a a a
a a
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ = +
+ + +
+ +
+ + + +
=
+
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
4 4 2 4 2
2
2 2
4 4 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 4
2
4 2
2
25 10 25 10 25
,
5 5
2 10 25 10
;
5 5
1 5 5

20 2

5

5 25
5
a a a a a
a a
a a a a
a a
a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
+ + + +
=
+
+ +
=
+
+
+ =
+
+
( ) ( )
2
2
5 5
.
a +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 5 4 1

20 10 40 20 60 30
Solucin- :
3
3 2 5 4 1 2 5 4 1
,
20 10 40 20 60 30 10 2 1 20 2 1 30 2 1
6 3 3 2 5 2 4 1

Juan Belt

39.

r

0
n

6
a a a
a a a
a
a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ = +
+ + + + + +
+ +
=
( )
( )
( )
,
2 1
6 18 6 15 8 2
;
60 2 1
3 2 5 4 1
.
20 10 40 20 6
4 1
60 2 1 0 30
a
a a a
a
a a a
a a a
a
a
+
+ + +
=
+
+
+ =
+ + +

+

( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 1 3

2 5 3 2 6 2
Solucin- :
2 1 3 4 2 3
,
2 1 2 5 3 2 6 2 2 2 5 3 2 2 6
4 2 3

2 5 2
Juan Beltr
6 2 2 1
4
2
0.
n
x x x x x x
x
x x x x
+
+ +
+ = +
+ + + + +
= +
+ +
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
,
2 1
4 2 3
,
2 3 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 1
4 2 3
,
2 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 1

x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
+
= +
+ + + +
= +
+ + + +
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
2 1 3
,
2 3 1 2 2 3 2 1
2 2 1 3 2 3
,
1 2 2 3
2

x x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x
= +
+ + + +
+ + +
=
+ +
=
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2 2 2
4 1 6 9
;
1 2 2 3
2 1 3

7 4
.
2 1 2 2 3 5 3 2 6 2
x x
x x x
x x x
x
x x x x x x
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ =
+ + +

( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1

3 3 3 3
6 6 2 2
Solucin- :
1 1 1 1
,
3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 6 6 2 2
6 1
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1

41
6
Juan Be
1 1
tr
.
l n
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x
x
+
+
+
+ = +
+ + + +
+
+ + + + + +
=
+ ( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2
2 3 2 3 3 3
2
2
2
,
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
,
6 1 1 1
2
;
6 1 1 1
1 1

3 3 3 3
6 6 2 2
x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x
x
x x x
x x
x x
x x
+
+ + + + + +
=
+ +
=
+ +
+
+
+
( )( )( ) ( )
2 2 4
.
3 1 3 1 1 1
x
x x x
x
x + +
= =

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 1 4 6 3

3 1 3 2
6 11 3
Solucin- :
6 4 6 3
2 1 4 6 3 2 1
,
3
4
Juan Bel
1 3 2 3 1 2 3 6 11 3 6 6 11 3
2 1

trn
2

3 1
.

x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x
+ + + +
+ +

+
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + = + +
+ +
+ +
=
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2
2
6 4 6 3
,
2 3
6 11 6 18
6 4 6 3
2 1
,
3 1 2 3 6 9 6 2
6 4 6 3
2 1
,
3 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 1

x x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
= +

+ +
+ +
= +

( )( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )( )
2
2
2 1 4 6 3
,
3 1 2 3 2 3 3 1
2 2 3 1 3 1 4 6 3
,
2 3 3 1

x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x
x x
+ + + +
= +

+ + + + +
=

( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 6 3 2 1 4 6 3
,
2 3 3 1
3 5 3 6
3 3 5 2
3 5 2
,
2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 1
3 6 3 1

3 2
x x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x
x
+ + + + +
=

+
+
+
= = =

+
=
( )( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 2
;
3 3 1 3 2 3
2 1 4 6 3
.
3 1 3 2
6
2
1 3
2
1
3
x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x x
x x
+
=

+ + + +
+ + =
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
4 4 2 4 6 6

3 6 3 2
Solucin- :
2 2 2 6
4 4 2 4 6 6
,
3 2 1 2 3 6 3 2

Juan Bel

t

3
r n
4 .
x ax a ax a a x
ax a
ax a x ax a
x a a x a a x
x ax a ax a a x
ax a a x a a x x a x a ax a x ax a
+ + +

+
+ +
+ +
+ + +
=
+ + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 6
,
3 2 1 2
2 2 2
;
1
4 4 2 4 6 6

3 6 3 2
x a a x a a x
a x a a x x a x a
x a
a x
x ax a ax a a x
ax a
ax a x ax a
+ +
=
+ + +
+
=
+
+ + +

+
+ +
( )
( )
2
.
4 2
1
x a
a x
+
+
=

( )
( ) ( )
4 4 2
3 2 4 3 2 2
4 4 2 4 4 2
3 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 2
27 1

3
3 9
3
Solucin- :
27 1 27 1
,
3 3
3 9 3 9
3 3

Juan Bel
4
tr

n
4.
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
+ +

+ +
+
+ + + +
=

+ + + +
+ +
=
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2
2
3 3 9 1 1
1
,
3
1 3 9 3
3 3 9 1 1
1
,
3
1 3 9 3
3 3 9

x x x x x x
x
x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x
x
x x x x x x x
x x x
+ + + +

+ + +
+ + + +
=
+ + +
+ +
=
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2
2 2
4 4 2
3 2 4 3 2 2
1 1 1
;
1 3 9 3 3
27 1
1

3
3 9 3 3
.
3
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x
x x
x x
+ +
+ + +
+

+ +
=
+ +
+
+

( ) ( ) ( )( )
3
2
2 3
3
2 2
3 3 2
2
6 8
1
3
25
Solucin- :
25 6
1 3 8
6 8
1 ,
3 3
25 25
25 6 4

J

uan Beltrn

2
4
5
5.
x x
x x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x x x
x
| | | |
+
|
|
+
\ .
\ .

+ +
| | | |
+ =
|
|
+ +
\ .
\ .
+ +
=
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
3
2
3 8 19 4 5
,
3 3
25
5 1 19 5 1
19
;
5 5 3 5 5 3
6 8
1 .
3
25
19 1
5 3
x x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
x
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
= =
+ + + +
| | | |
+ =
|

|
+
.
\ .
+ \

( )( )
( )( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1
Solucin- :

Juan B
1 1 1 ;

eltrn
1
.
1
46
1
a b b
b a
a b
a a b a b
a b b b a a b a b b
b a b a ab a b a b a b a b
a b b
b a
a
| |
| || |
+ +
| |
|
\ .\ .
\ .
+
| | | | + + | || | | || |
+ + = =
| | | |
| |
+ \ .\ . \ .\ .
\ . \ .
| || |
+ +
| |
\ .\ .
2
.
b
a
b
| |
=
|
\ .

( ) ( )
( )
2 6 1
2 3 1
1 2
Solucin- :
2 1 2 3 2 6
2 6 1 1
2 3 1 ,
1 2 1 2
2 1 1
3 6 6

Juan Beltr

n

1 2
47.
x x x
x x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x
x x
| || || |
+ +
| | |
+ +
\ .\ .\ .
+ + +
+ | || || |
+ + =
| | |
+ + + +
\ .\ .\ .
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2
1 3 1
,
1 2
2 1 1 6 2 1
3 6 6 1
;
1 2 1 2
2 6 1
2 3 1 .
1 2
6
x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x
+
+
=
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
= =
+ + + +
| || || |
+ + =
| | |
+ +
\ .\ .\ .

( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2 3
2
2 2 2
2 2 3 3
2 2 2 2
16 24 9 64 13 6

16 12
25 10 1
Solucin- :
4 3 16 12 9
4 3
16 24 9 64 27
,
16 12 4 4 3 32 24 18
2 16 12 9

Ju
4

an B

ltr
8.
e n
x xy y x x
x y
x x
x y x xy y
x y
x xy y x y
x y x y x xy y
x xy y
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
=
+ +
+ +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 3 3
2 2
4 3 4 3
,
4 2
2 4 3
;
4 4 3
16 24 9 64 27
.
16 12
1
2
32 24 18
x y x y
x y
x y
x xy y x y
x y
x xy y

=
+
=
+ +

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
8 4
3 3
Solucin- :
2 2
2 2
8 4 4 2 ,
3 3 3
2
4 2 ,
3

Juan Belt

49
r

n
.

mx my nx ny
m n
x y
mx my nx ny
mx my nx ny
m n m n
x y x y
m x y n x y
m n
x y
+
+
+
+
+ = +

+
= +
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
4 2 ,
3
2
4 2 ,
3
2
;
12 2
2 2

x y m n
m n
x y
m n
m n
m n
m n
mx my nx
+
= +
+
= +
+
=
+
+
( ) 8
1
12
4 .
3 3
ny
m n
x y
+ =
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 2
2 7 15 3 40

4 4 32
Solucin- :
2 2 7 15
8 5
2 7 15 3 40
,
8 4 4 4 32 2 4

50.
Juan Beltrn

a ab b a ab b
a a b a ab b
a ab b
a b a b
a ab b a ab b
a b a b a a b a ab b a a b
+
+
+
+
+
=
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 7 2 30 5
,
4 2 4
2 10 2 3 5
,
4 2 4
2 5 2 3

2
a b a b a b
a b a a b
a b a b a b
a b a a b
a b a b
a a
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+
=
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
2
2
2 2
3
5
,
4 4
5 2 3 5
,
4 4
5 2 3 4
;
4 5
2 7 15

4
a b
a b b
a b a b a b
a b a a b
a b a b a b
a a b a b
a ab b
a a
+
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+
+
2 2
2 2 2 2
3 40
.
4 32
2 3 a ab b
b a ab b
a b
a

=

( )( )
3
3 2
3 3
2
3 2 2
3 3
1 1
1
1
2
Solucin- :
1 1 2 1 1
1 ,
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1 1
,
1 1
2 2

Juan Bel
51
trn
. x
x
x
x x x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
| | | |
+
| |
+ \ . \ .
+ + | | | |
+ =
| |

+ + \ . \ .
+ +
+ + +
= =

+ +
( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2
3
3
2
3
1 1 1
;
2 1
1 1
1
1
2
1
1
.
2
x x x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
+ +
=
+ +
| | | |
+ =
+
| |
+ \ \ . + .

( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1 3
1
2
4
Solucin- :
1 1 1
1 3 2 1 4 3
1 ,
2 2 2 2 2 4 4
1 2 2
;
2 1 1

Juan Beltr
52.

n
x
x
x
x x x
x x x
x
x x x x x x x
x x x
x x x
| | | |
+ +
| |
+
\ . \ .
+ +
+ + + | | | |
+ + = =
| |
+ + + + \ . \ .
+ +
=
+ +
( )( )
2
1 3
1 .
2
4
1 2
1
x
x
x
x x
x
| | | |
+ + =
| |
+
\ . \

.
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
3 3
2
2 1 1
1
2
Solucin- :
2 2 1 1 1
2 1 1
1 ,
2 2
2 2 1 1

Juan Belt

rn
53
2
.
n n
n n
n
n
n n n n n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n n n n n n
n
| | | |
+
| |
+ \ . \ .
+ +
| | | |
+ =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
+ + + +
=
+
( )
( )( )
3 3
2
3
2
2 3
2
2
,
1 1
,
2
1
;
2 1
2 1 1
1 .
2 2
n
n n
n
n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
+ +
=
+
+
=
+ +
| | | |
+ =
| |
+ \ . \ . +

( )
( )
( )
3 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
6 9 4 27

2 7 3 8 2 16 8
Solucin- :
6 9 4 27

2 7 3 8 2 16 8
2 6 9
8 2 2

2 2 7
Juan Beltrn
54.
3
m m n mn m n m n
m m n mn m n m n
m m mn n
m n
n m mn n
+ + +

+ + + +
+ + +

+ + + +
+ +

=
+ +
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
3 3 9
,
8 8 2 4
3 3 9
2 3 8 2 2
,
2 7 2 6 8 2 8 8 4
3 3 9
2 3 8 2 2
,
2 6 2 8 4 8 2
4
2 3 8 2

2 3 2
m n m mn n
m n
m mn n m n
m n m mn n
m m n m n m n
n m n m n m n m n m n
m n m mn n
m m n m n m n
n m n m n m n m n
m n
m m n
n m n m n
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
=
+ + +
+ +
+ +
=
+ + +
+
+
=
+ +
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
3 2 2 2 2 3 3
2 2 3 2 2 2
3 3 9
2
,
4 2 2 4
4
3 3 9
3 2
,
2 4
4
3 2 4
;
2 4 3 3 9
6 9 4 27

2 7 3 8 2 16 8
m n m mn n
m n m n
m n m n
m n
m n m mn n
m m n m n
n m n m n
m n
m m n m n m n
n m n m n m n m mn n
m m n mn m n m n
m n mn n m mn n m mn
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+
+ + +
=
+ + + +
+ + +

+ + + +
( )
( )
2 2 2
.
4
3 9 n
m m n
n m mn n
+
+
=

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2
3 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
2
2
3 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1

2
Solucin- :
1

Juan Belt

2
1

55.

r n
a ax
a a x a x
a ax
a a x a x
a a x a a x a x a x
a a x a x a a x a x
| |

|
+ + + + +
\ .
| |

|
+ + + + +
\ .
| |
+
| =
| + + + +
\ .
( )
( )( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
3 2 2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
,
,
,
;
1 1
.
2
a a x a a x a x a x
a a x a x a a x a x
a x a a x a x
a x a x a x a x
a x a x a x
a a x a x a x a x
a ax
a a x a x
a x a a x a ax x a a
a
x
+
=
+ + + +

=
+ + + +
+ +
=
+ +
| |
=
|
+ + + + +
\ .

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )
2
2
3 4 2
2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
3 4 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
3
27 9

9
3 3
3
Solucin- :
3 3 9 3 3 3
3
27 9
,
3 3 9 6 9 3
3 3
3 3

Juan Be

56
lt

n
.
r

a a
a a a
a
a a
a a
a a a a a a a a a
a a
a a a
a a a a a a
a a
a a a a
+
+
+ + +

=
+ + +
+
+ +
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
3 9 3 3
3
,
3 3
3 9 3
3 3 3
,
1 3 3 3
3 3
3
3 3
a a a a a
a a
a a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a
a a a
a
a a
+ +
=
+
+ + +

=
+ +

=
+ ( )
( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
3 4 2
2 2 2
2
2
3 3 3
;
3 3 3 3
3
3
27 9
.
1
9
3 3
3
3
a a a a
a a a a
a a
a a
a a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
+
=
+ +

= =

+

+

( )( )
( )
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
1

1
1
Solucin- :
1 1
1 1
1
;
1 1 1 1
1
1
.
1
1
Juan Beltr
5
7
1
n
.
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
+ +
= = =

=

( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
14
5

8 7
1
Solucin- :
5 14 7 2 2
14 5 14
5
1 1 1
;
8 7 7 1 1 8 7 8 7
1
14
5
.
8
Juan Bel
7
58.
1
2
1
trn
a
a
a
a
a a a a a
a a
a
a a
a a a a a a a
a
a a
a a a
a
a
a
a a
a
a
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
= = = =
+ + + + + + +
+ +
+
=
+

+
+

( )( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
7 9
2
3

5 11
4
1
Solucin- :
3 2 7 9
7 9 5 6 7 9 2 3
2
3 3 3 3
,
5 11 1 4 5 11 3 4 5 11 2 15
4
1
1 1
1
7 9
2
3

Juan Beltr
59

5 1
.
4
n
1
1
a
a
a
a
a
a
a a a
a a a a a a
a
a a a a
a a a a a a a a a
a
a
a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+
+ + + +
= = =
+ + + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
( )( )
2
3 1
3 1 1
3
;
5 3 5 3 3
1
7 9
2
3
.
5 11
1
5
4
1
3
a
a a a
a
a a a a a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
+
+ +
+
=
+ + +
+
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
+

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 2 3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2

Solucin- :
,
1
1

Juan B

elt
6 .
rn
0
m m n
n m n
m n n
n m
m m n n m n
m m n m n n m n
m m n
m n n m n m n
n m n
m n n
m m n n m mn n m mn n
n m
m m
mn
m n m mn n
m n
m mn n
m
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+
= = =
+ + +
+
+ +
+
= =
+
2 2 2
;
1
. m
m
m m n
n m n
m n n
n m
+
=

( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1
Juan Beltrn
2

3
Solucin- :
2
2 2
3
1
;
3 3 3 3
1
2
.
61.
3
a b b
a b a
a b b
a a b
a a b b a b
a b b a ab ab b
a a b
a ab b
a b a
a b b a b a b ab a b ab a ab b
a a b
a a b
a b b
a b a
a b b
a a b
+
+
+
+

+ +
+ + +
+

+
= = =
+ + + + +
+

+
+
=
+
+

1

1
1
1
1
Solucin- :
1 1 1 1 1
;
1 1
1
2
1 2 1
1 1 1
1 1
Juan B
1 1 1
1
1
.
1
1
eltrn
1
1
2
1
6 .
x
x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x
x
+
= = = =
+
+ + +

=
+

( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
1

1
Solucin- :
1 1 1 1 1 1
,
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1
;
Juan B
1
eltr
1
1
1
.
n
1
1
63.
x
x
x
x
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x
x
x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
+
= = = = =
+

+ +
+ +
+ +
+
= =

+
=

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Juan Belt
1 1

Solucin- :
1
1 1
;
1
1 1
.
rn
4.
1
6
x h x
h
x x h
x x h h
x x h x x h x x h x x h
x h x
x x
h h
h
h h
x h x
h
+
+

+ + + +
+
= = = =
+
=
+

( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )
1 1
2 2 5 2 5

Solucin- :
2 5 2 2 5
2 5 2 2 5 2
1 1
2 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 2 5
2 2 5 2 5
;
2
1 1 1 1
2 5 2 2 5
2 2 5 2 5 2 2 5 2 5

65

Juan
.

Beltrn
1
2
2 5 2
x h x
h
x x h
x x h h
x x h x x h x x h
x h x
h h h h
x x h
x h x x h x
h h x x
+
+
+
+ + +
+
= = =

+
+ +

+
=
( ) 2 5
.
h

( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 3 2 2
2 2
1
1

Solucin- :
1 2 1
1 2 1 1
1
2 1 1
,
2
2 1

Juan
66
Beltr
.
n
x h x
x
x h
h
x h x x x hx h
x h x
x h x
x x hx h x
x h
x hx h x
h h h
x hx x h x hx h x x
x hx h x
+

+
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+

+ + + + +
+ +
+ + + +
= =
+ + +
+ + +
=
( ) ( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
1 2 1 1
,
1 1
2 1 1 2 1 1
;
1
1
1
.
1
2 1 1
h hx h x
x hx h x
h h
h x hx x hx
x hx h x x hx h x
h
x h x
x
x hx
x
h
h
h
x h x
x

+ + + + +
=

+ + + + + + + +
= =
+

+
+ +
=

+ + + +

( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
3 2 2
2 2
3 2 2
2 6 3 5

4 5 4 4 3
Solucin- :
2 1 3 2
2 6 3 5 3 5
,
2 2 4 1 3 1 4 5 4 4 3

67.
Ju

an

Beltrn
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
+ +
+
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + +
+ = +
+ + + + + + + + +
( )
( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
1 3 2
3 5
,
2 4 1 3 1
1 3 2 3 5
,
2 4 1 3 1
3

4
x x x
x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x
x
x x
+ +
+ +
= +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
= +
+ + + + +
+
= +
+
( )
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
3 2
5
,
1
1 3 4 5
,
4 1
2 3 9 20
;
4 1
2 6 3

4 5 4
x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x
+
+ + + +
=
+ +
+ + +
=
+ +
+
+
+ +
( )( )
2
2
2 7 17
4 1
5
.
4 3
x
x
x x
x x x x x
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
+

( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
2 1 4 2 1 2

3 2 1 4 4 3
Solucin- :
2 3 2 4 2 1 3 2
2 1 4 2 1 2
,
3 2 1 4 4 3 1 1 4 4
6 4

Juan Beltr n

68.
1
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x
x
x x
+ + +
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ = +
+ + + +
+
=
+ ( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2
8 4 3 6
,
1 4 4
6 4 4 8 4 3 6 1
,
1 4
6 20 16 8 4 3 9 6
;
1 4

x x
x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
+ +
+
+
+ + + + +
=
+
+ + +
=
+
( )( )
2
2 1 4 2 1 2
.
3 2 1
15 10
1 4 4 3 4
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
+ + +
+ =
+ +

+

( ) ( )
{ }
( |
3 1 4 3
Solucin- :
3 1 4 3 3 4 3 1 4 4 ;

Jua

| 4
n Beltr
4.

n
,
69
4 .
. x x
x x x x x x
x
S
S
x x
x
+
+
=
=

( )
{ }
( |
4 5
10 3
3
Solucin- :
4 5
10 3 3 10 3 4 5 30 9 4 5 9 4 5 30,
3
25
5 25
|
Juan Beltr
;
5
5.

. ,
n
5
5
70.
x
x
x
x x x x x x x
x x
x x
x
S
S
+ +
=
=

{ }
( )
4 1
1 5
3
Solucin- :
4 1
1 5 3 4 1 15 4 4 16;
3
1 4.

|
.
Juan Be
71
ltrn
1 4
1,
.
4
x
x
x x
x
x S
x S
x
< <
< <
< < < < < <

< <
=
=

{ }
| |
5 3
4 5
2
Solucin- :
5 3
4 5 8 5 3 10 3 3 15 1 5;
2
5
Juan Belt
1.
| 5 1
5
r

.
72
n
, 1
.
x
x
x x x
S x
S
x
x
x
+

+
+

( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2
2
2 2 2
4 9 9
Solucin- :
4 9 9 4 9 9 0 4 4 9 9 0 4 9 4 36 0,
4 12 4 3 0 4 3 4 3 0 3 4 3 0
i
Juan Be
( ) 3 0 y 4 3 0,
3
3 y ;
4

7
3
l
.
tr n
3 x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x
x

+ + +
+ + +
+

( |
{ }
( |

bien
( ) 3 0 y 4 3 0,
3
3 y ;
4
3
.
4
3 3
3 bien , 3 ,
4 4

3
| 3
ii
.

4
3
, 3 ,
4
.
x x
x x
x
x x
S
x S
x
x x
+

|

|

|
|
.
=
=
.

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2
2
6 1 15
Solucin- :
6 1 15 6 15 6 15 0 6 6 15 0,
6 6 90 0 6 10 6 9 0 2 3 3 5 2 3 0,
3 5 2 3 0
( ) 3 5 0 y
Juan Be
74
2 3
l
0,
5
y
trn
3
.
i
x x
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x x
x
+
+ + + +
+ + +
+
+

{ }

3
;
2
5

3
bien
( ) 3 5 0 y 2 3 0,
5 3
y ;
3 2
3
.
2
5 3 5 3
bien , ,
3 2 3
5 3
|
3 2
5 3
,
2
.

i
3
i

x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
S
S
| |

|

\

|

\
.
=
=
,
2
.
|
.

( ) ( )( )
3
3 3 2
16
Solucin- :
16 1
75.
Juan Bel
6 0
trn
16 0 4 4 0
x x
x x x x x x x x x
+

{ }
( | | |
| 4 0 4
, 4 0, 4 .
S
S
x x x
x

=
=

( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )( )
5 3
5 3 4 2 2 2
5 4 0
Solucin- :
5 4 0 5 4 0
Juan Beltr
76
4 1 0,
2 2 1 1
n
0
.
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
+ >
+ > + > >
+ + >

{ }
( ) ( ) ( )
| 2 1 0 1

2
2, 1 0 . , 1 2,
S
S
x x x x
x
< < < < >

=
=

3 4 2
Solucin- :
3 4 2 2 3 4 2
2
2
2 4 3 4 4 2 4 2 3
J
7
3
2
, 2
3
6,
2 3 6
;
3 3 3
2
2
3

uan Bel

7.
tr

n
.
x
x x x x
x x
x
x
x
S
S

+ + +

=

=

`
)

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Col ombi a Abri l - 13-2011

Bal dor ( 120. 29)

Bal dor ( 134. 22)

Bal dor ( 137. 2)

Bal dor ( 138. 21)

Lei thol d (2. 5. 28)

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