SECRETARIAT REPORT

FOR THE WORKSHOP ON DISTRICT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING NR.3 ON 12-13 MAY 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SESSION I. GROUP WORK....................................................................................................................... 2 HOAI NHON GROUP............................................................................................................................ 2 DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00).............................................................................................. 2 DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00).............................................................................................. 6 PHU MY GROUP.................................................................................................................................. 9 DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00).............................................................................................. 9 DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00)............................................................................................ 13 AN NHON GROUP............................................................................................................................. 16 DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00)............................................................................................ 16 DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00)............................................................................................ 20 TAY SON GROUP............................................................................................................................... 23 SESSION 2. PRESENTATION OF GROUP WORK, EVALUATION AND CONLUSION.................................. 25

SESSION I. GROUP WORK

HOAI NHON GROUP
DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00)

Facilitator: Ms. Nguyen Thuy Ha Secretary: Ms. Tran Thi Bich Ha I. DSWMP of Hoai Nhon district I.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Ho Xuan Canh Time: 08:30 10:30 Main points of the presentation: Objectives of SWM: Reduction in the quantity of waste produced; Recycle the waste; Use of waste not suitable for reuse or recycling; Disposal of waste without endangering human health and environment

SWMP till 2025 Industrial SWMP Hazardous health care SWMP

I.2 Discussion 1. Question of Tam Quan Bac commune: According to the objective nr.1, by the year 2020, all inhabitants in hamlets, villages and towns within the District shall have access to waste collection services. According to the objective nr.2, by the year 2020, all waste from small, medium and large industries must be transported to landfill(s) approved the District authorities. Do you think that it is too long to wait until 2020? Representative of the District answered: The DSWMP is based on the Provincial SWMP. According to the PSWMP, by the year 2015, 100% of waste generated by Quy Nhon city and 70% of waste generated by other urban areas will be accessed to the collection services. Nowadays, some communes of Hoai Nhon district do the collection very well while some other communes, which are located far away from the urban area, do it badly; their waste is mainly disposed in the gardens. The DSWMP is made based on the real situation of the communes and the consultancy of EP&T. Therefore, if the plan is modified, the time can be extended from now to 2020. 2. Question on the service fee raised by a fee collection agent:

In the DSWMP, there is no definition of collection fee. The fee collection is up to the communes and based on the real economic status of each household. The poor households, who cannot afford the collection fee, will dispose their waste to the environment (sea, river, pond, lake ...). This is very harmful to the environment. Representative of Nguyen Tin Company answered: Now there are only 2 collection agencies for the whole district: Nguyen Tin Company and Bong Son Cooperative. Bong Son Cooperative applies the collection tariff as regulated by the PPC (under Decision Nr.23/2008); Nguyen Tin Company applies the lump sum tariff without exceeding the crest regulated by the PPC. For non-business household: 10,000 VND/month; for business household: depending on the generated waste amount. Nguyen Tin Company wants all organizations and agencies to involve in the awareness raising on environment. 3. In the SW collection part, there is no instruction on how to collect some special waste, for example broken glass, road-kill, and dung? Representative of Nguyen Tin Company answered: People should separate waste at source, for example, separate broken glass (industrial waste) to be sold to scavengers, road-kill, animal dung (with urine) ... These waste are very harmful to the environment. People should bear the responsibility of separation at source to help the collectors and to protect the environment. 4. Question of district and commune on operation cost: There are only 2 collection agencies for the whole district. Nguyen Tin Company has 2 compactor trucks. In case the compactor trucks are broken, the company will use normal trucks for collection. It pollutes the environment badly because the wastewater leaks during the transportation. So what is your plan of compactor trucks? Representative of Nguyen Tin Company answered: The collection fee now is low, it cannot cover the operation cost. In other hand, only 40% of the households who use the service pay for the service, while 80% of households of the district use the collection service. The Company receives no support from the district authorities. So the Company is difficult in equipping with specialized trucks. However, the Company is planning to buy 2 new compactor trucks in 2012, extend the service coverage to 5 more communes. So there will be 13 communes accessing to the service (per 17 communes/towns of the district). II. Waste Resource Center II.1 Presentation Presenter: Jozef De Smet, Luu Duc Cuong Time: 10:45 12:00 Main points of the presentation: Domestic SWM cost Cost per household Domestic SWM: estimate of waste amount and waste treatment in 2010 Collection modality, separation at source Supporting activities to SWM WRC duties National strategy on SWM till 2025
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II.2 Discussion 1. Is it necessary to establish the WRC? - Representative of district, communes answered: It is very necessary. When the living standards increase, the awareness on environment should be increase accordingly. The WRC should be at provincial or higher level. - Representative of Nguyen Tin Company answered: It is very necessary. It should be at district level. The Company is willing to participate to the WRC activities. - Mr. Luu Duc Cuong concluded: The WRC should be at district level or at provincial level with district branches. The WRC aims to support who participates to the waste collection and works for environment. III.Awareness raising through 3 technologies III.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Le Ho Nghiem Time: 13:30 15:00 Main points of the presentation: Program objectives: to improve the environmental quality A brief on 3 technologies (mesophilic bin, biopod and compost with Toptex) and the results of the tests done in 4 districts Awareness raising through 3 technologies

III.2 Discussion 1. What are the feelings of the district/commune on the testing of the 3 technologies? (are they feasible, easy ...?) Representative of Hoai Tan commune answered: It is feasible but it requires budget. In addition, it requires organizing communication activities for the people. 2. After testing, the project will continue with pilot phase (most of the cost might be supported by the project). If the 3 technologies are highly effective, will the district/commune be willing to contribute? Representative of the DPC answered: All of the technologies are effective. Each technology should be applied to a suitable area, for example, mesophilic bins for crowded residential area, compost with Toptex for scattering area. In the pilot phase, it is possible that the district will give financial support. After 2014, it must be financed from the Environment budget. 3. After 2014, will the district/commune continue to communicate and provide financial support for the implementation of the 3 technologies? Representative of the DPC, CPC: Environment is now an issue of the whole society. The district will try to continue the communication activities. The communes who want to implement the 3 technologies must ask for budget from the district. 4. What communication methods should be used in order that the community accesses to the information in the fastest and most accurate manner? Representative of the DPC, CPC: Visit demonstration plots; provide technical training; collaborate with the Communal Communication & Education center to organize people meetings on the technologies.
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5. Which area will be selected for the pilot activities? Market of Hoai Huong commune: compost with Toptex Bong Son town: mesophilic bin Hoai My commune: biopod

IV. Establishment of DSWM group IV.1 Presentation Presenter: Tran Dinh Luan Time: 15:15 16:20 Main points of the presentation: How can the district improve the SWM in terms of the capacity and performance of the main stakeholders? DSWM group (what, why, who )

IV.2 Discussion 1. Is it necessary to establish the DSWM group? District Division of Economic: It is very necessary. The DSWM group aims to communicate and raise people awareness on waste reduction. Tam Quan town: In order to establish the DSWM group, it requires clear plan, professional staff and collaboration of all organizations and agencies. Hoai Chau Bac commune: It is very necessary. Now many district officers undertake a lot of part-time tasks. The DSWM group members should work fulltime. In addition, it is important to think about the financial mechanism of the group after the project ends. 2. Who will be members of the group? District PC Vice-Chairman: The District Division of Urban Management should be a leading member, bearing the main responsibility. The other members should be part-time. It requires the participation of many organizations and individuals to this group to provide communication and awareness raising to people. Hoai Xuan commune: It is proposed to assign one agency (at provincial level) bearing the main responsibility to this group (DoC or DoNRE?). Who is the leading member (at district level). Does the district DoNRE or district Division of Urban Management bear the responsibility? It requires the participation of many organizations and individuals to this group to provive communication and awareness raising to people. 3. What is required to the district authorities to maintain the group? Does it require a DPC decision in the establishment of the group? Hoai Huong commune: In addition to the assignment of tasks, it is also necessary to set up a clear policy mechanism. 4. What is the financial mechanism to maintain the operation of the group? Salary? Hoai Xuan commune: The societys responsibility is environment protection, so it is necessary to establish this group. However, it should be established at right time and with right people. It is good if we are supported by the project. But after the project ends, commune and district are responsible for allocating money for the group operation.
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District PC Vice-Chairman: The district has budget for SWM, the district Division of Urban Management is in charge of SWM. If the group is established and staffed by full-time people, the government must provide fund. If the group is staffed by part-time officers, this group should be under the Division of Urban Management. Hoai Xuan commune: After the project ends, it is proposed to mobilize the participation of private enterprises. V. Exhibition Guide: Todd Hyman Time: 16: 20 17:00
DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00)

Presenter: Representatives of the groups Methodology: Discuss in 5 groups Facilitators: Ms. Nguyen Thuy Ha, Mr. Peder Bisbjerg, Mr. Bui Ngoc Can Secretary: Ms. Tran Thi Bich Ha I. Group 1 Is it feasible to apply the 3 technologies for market waste? What technology is selected to apply for market waste? Yes, it is. But we should select the most efficient technology. Select 2 technologies: biopod and compost with toptex. The biopod is used at small markets with little waste. The larvae can be cultivated for husbandry (the market management board will help with the larvae collection). The compost with toptex is used at large markets with much waste and suitable area. What should be supported at the pilot phase? It is necessary to provide communication activities to the marker dealers on daily separation. At the pilot phase, the budget should be supported by the project. At the extension phase, the households will self-finance. How to implement the separation at markets? Establish collection team (consisting of the market management board and some dealers who generate waste); propaganda on the benefits of the separation; the market management board arrange many dustbins for specific wastes at appropriate location and set up regulations on separation; the market management board collects and separates wastes (organic waste: use biopod, others: compost with toptex, solid waste: collect at source); the operation budget is funded from the contribution and fee collection from the dealers.
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Any other ideas? (None)

II. Group 2 Is it feasible to apply the 3 technologies for household waste?

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Yes, it is. What technology is selected to apply for household waste? Select the technologies of mesophilic bin and biopod (applied for the households generating big amount of waste) What should be supported at the pilot phase? Policies set up by the province and the district; human resources including technical staff and communication staff; material resources including communication means, pilot models and budget to facilitate the human resources. How to implement the separation at households? Raise the awareness of the people in separation at source. The technology of mesophilic bin should be applied for the households in rural areas. The technology of biopod should be applied for the households generating big amount of waste. The technical instruction should be provided to the households through many ways. The follow-up and supervision on the implementation of the households should be done (repeat the instruction in case the households do wrongly). For the households at urban areas, the collection service should be applied. The households separate waste themselves, and the collectors collect the separated waste.
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Any other ideas? (None)

III.Group 3 Any proposal on collection modality and equipment? Collection modality: The group agrees upon the draft DSWMP. For the towns of Tam Quan and Bong Son, the collection is done on main roads. For the communes, the collection is done along the National Highway 1A. Proposal: Extend the collection service to all secondary roads in rural areas. Collection equipment: Compactor trucks: used for collection along the National Highway 1A Normal trucks: used for collection at transfer points at rural secondary roads and alleys Pushcarts: used for collection from households to the transfer points at the alleys narrower than 2 m. Any proposal on transport modality and means? Transport modality: Now waste is collected every 3 days. In the next time, waste will be collected every 2 days in towns and along the National Highway 1A; every 3 days in rural secondary roads and alleys. Transport means: In order to collect all waste generated in the district, it is necessary to equip more trucks from now till 2014. Compactor trucks: 1 more by 2011; dustbins: 30 bins by 2011; pushcarts: 10 from 2012-2014. In addition, 1 septic tank truck and 1 biogas tank truck.

Nguyen Tin Company will select Hoai My commune for the investment in 30 biogas tanks. Ideas of other groups to the presentation of Group 3:

Normal trucks should not be used for collection at transfer points at rural secondary roads and alleys, because normal trucks do not assure the sanitation. Compactor trucks are suggested because their volumes are the same. Nguyen Tin Company answered: Normal trucks are suitable for rainy seasons and the investment cost is low. IV. Group 4 What scenario should be selected? We select the scenario 3, a district owned landfill. The scenario is easier in waste management, localization, collection and transportation. In case of disputes, it is easier to solve. If the budget is not enough, the district will contribute. An owned/shared sanitary landfill? An owned sanitary landfill is better in term of environment protection because the transportation distance is shorter and the management liability is clearer. V. Group 5 Any other ideas on industrial SWM? Any industrial manufacturers and processors ... that cause pollution to the environment must make environment protection commitment plans and submit them to authorities for approval. The local functional agencies must carry out the regular or sudden supervision and inspection. Any breach must be treated strictly. It is suggested to plan the gathering of all industrial manufacturers and processors ... into a district industrial park or provincial industrial zone far away from residential area. Any other ideas on hazardous health care SWM? All health care units must make environment protection commitment plans and submit them to authorities for approval. The local functional agencies must carry out the regular or sudden supervision and inspection. Any breach must be treated strictly. Hazardous industrial SW and hazard health care SW must be separated and treated as regulated before landfill.

PHU MY GROUP
DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00)

Facilitator: Ms. Cu Thi Le Thuy, Ms. Tran Thi My Dieu Secretary: Ms. Le Thi Hien I. DSWMP (09:00 10:15) Mr. Ha Ngoc Tan, DPC Vice-Chairman, opened the session and emphasized the importance of the participation and discussion of all communes to the DSWMP.

I.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Cuong, district DoNRE I.2 Discussion Ms. Le Thuy raised the points for group discussion: One of the objectives is by the year 2014 all communes can have access to the collection service. So from now till 2012 how many communes can have access to collection service? Each commune estimates when they will have access to the collection service In Phu My, wastewater is used to cultivate salamanders. It is a useful solution. Solutions for the reduction of to-be-collected waste Which roads will be applied with separation and treatment at source to reduce the to-be-collected waste By the year 2015, all communes and hamlets can have access to the collection service. Is the human resource of the district Unit of Transportation and Public Works enough for the implementation of the objective or does it require privatization? Can pushcarts be used effectively in communes? The dustbins are located at public areas. Is there any risk of stealing? Phu My group is not the consultant. Therefore, the presentation on DSWMP is not good. It is necessary to have the presence of the consultant at the workshop to help the participants have a better understanding on the presentation. By the year 2015, it requires a big amount of collectors and pushcarts for the whole district. Is it feasible? And will the pushcarts still be applicable then? The objectives set for Phu My district are not in line with the provincial and national objectives. The specific objectives are developed based on the national and provincial ones. The communes are not obliged to follow the general objectives of the district.
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Mr. Ha Ngoc Tan, DPC Vice-Chairman:

Ms. Dieu:

The town must be the first one obtaining the objectives. If the district wants to increase the objectives, the consultant is willing to change them. The pushcarts will be arranged for residential areas. There will be transfer points where the pushcarts are used for collection.

II.

Exhibition of the technologies (10:30 11:30)

Guide: Mr. Todd Hyman and Mr. Bui Ngoc Can II.1 Biopod Questions raised by the participants and answered: How many kilos of waste can the biopod contain? How long does it take the BSF to appear? The biopod needs a lid It takes a few weeks before the larvae comes, so how to solve the smell problem at this period? Where to find the larvae to seed the biopod Price

II.2 Mesophilic bin Comments, questions raised by the participants and answered: -

The bin looks easy to be done in rural area. Brick is a simple material. It should be applied in the rural. Is it used for larvae collection? Are the holes on the bin wall for the larvae to crawl out? Is it faster to degrade waste with the mesophilic bin than the biopod? One disadvantage is that the bin is fixed, unable to be move to another location. Can we design a gutter around the bin to receive larvae when they crawl out? Price

II.3 Compost with Toptex Comments, questions raised by the participants and answered: This technology can be used in markets because markets generate a large amount of waste. In Phu My, people use organic waste to feed salamanders, so the amount of waste is not big at some place. Waste Resource Center

III.

III.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr.Jozef De Smet & Mr. Luu Duc Cuong III.2 Discussion
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Mr. Jozef: What do you think about this proposal and about the roles of the WRC? Mr. Cuong: Is there any economic conflict with other organizations?
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Ms. Le Thuy: Phu My should have a WRC It is necessary to have a DSWM group. It requires an assistance unit to realize the separation at source. Is it necessary? Is it necessary to use the environment budget line for this activity at the beginning?

Mr. Cuong, district DoNRE: The question is it necessary to establish a WRC? is a difficult one. The communes still feel vague on SWM. This is the issue of the district leaders and certainly, nobody at the workshop today can give the answer to this question.

Mr. Mien, Binh Duong town: The WRC will be at big-scale It is good to follow the socialization approach I have read the materials provided by the project and I found that the task of each agency and household has not been described in detailed It is possible to set up a unit specializing in SW

Mr. Ha, hamlet 10 of My Thang commune: Before there were many programs carried out like fishery program, seed program ... The implementation of this project is feasible and it requires supports to the lower levels

Mr. Cuong, district DoNRE: At communal level, there is no environment staff Now in many communes the SW issue has not been paid attention to Each commune is suggested to have 1 officer in charge of set up the WRC The human resources are needed. But now the land and environment officers of the communes only focus on the land registry not on the environment issues.

Ms. Le Thuy: If every commune is added with 1 environment officer, the total demand is very big Propose the privatization solution (in collaboration with the district Unit of Transportation and Public Works) We have visited some communes and we found that My Thang and My Chau are good examples.

Mr. Jozef made a conclusion. Ms. Le Thuy emphasized again the question that if the WRC will be implemented by only the district Unit of Transportation and Public Works or it will be privatized.

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IV.

Awareness raising through the 3 technologies

IV.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Le Ho Nghiem IV.2 Discussion What are the feelings of the district/commune on the testing of the 3 technologies? (are they feasible, easy ...?)
The district joins in the demonstration of the mesophilic bin in My Phong

Answer of the district DoNRE: commune. Now the demonstration is at the 4th week. One of the bin is operated well, it receives a lot of waste, the degradation happens well, a lot of larvae come, ants also come because of egg shell (inorganic waste), it has smell. It requires a lot of waste, 2-3kg/household It is possible to build one bin for 3-4 neighboring households. Only organic waste is put in. Do not put instant noodle bags, cigarette boxes ... The technology of mesophilic bin is the only one feasible for Phu My district It is unable to affirm that BSF do not transmit diseases because we have no proof BSF has a special smell. It is good. In Phu My, market waste should be collected and transported to a farmer for treatment. It seems that the biopod without a lid is more difficult It is suggested to invest in mesophilic bin. It should be piloted with more households. Now it is difficult to give a right remarks with only 2 households, it will be more correct with 10 households The participants to the training play an important role in communication with the community V. Establishment of DSWM group

V.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Tran Dinh Luan V.2 Discussion How to improve SWM? It should be done completely Now it is a urgent demand of the people Consultants and a full-time group are needed The establishment of DSWM group? Answer of Binh Duong town:

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Answer of the district DoNRE: In the district, there are too many full-time groups because the district joins in many project components. I propose to have only only full-time group in charge of many issues and this group is set up based on the existing group. Mr. Luan: A fact now is that a lot of officers join in many groups at the same time, they undertake many roles and participate in a lot of meetings, so it is difficult for them to remember all of the things they get from the meetings.

DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00)

Facilitator: Ms. Cu Thi Le Thuy, Ms. Tran Thi My Dieu Secretary: Ms. Le Thi Hien I. Ideas on the 3 technologies Compost is feasible for market waste Biopod is feasible for household waste because of its mobility and user-friendly Support: Many demonstration plots should be done to show the people in visuals. II. DSWMP 1. How to implement the separation at source? Answer: A group/organization is needed to propaganda to people on organic waste, inorganic waste and separation Communication activities are done per residential groups/areas Use illustrating pictures or models It is possible to integrate the communication activities in the meetings of sociopolitical organizations Budget for communication

2. Collection modality and equipment Answer: Put waste in dustbins located at crowded area The location of dustbins must be accessible for trucks Trucks come to collect waste 3 times per week Train peope not to dispose waste, but put waste in dustbins

3. Transport modality and means Answer: Trucks collect waste at dustbins regularly and transport waste to landfill
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In rural, only collect waste, no need to compact waste In rural, pushcart is unnecessary

Now in rural, organic waste is almost utilized, so there is not enough waste for the technologies. Agricultural waste: It is a big problem now. There are a lot of pesticide plastic bags and bottles generated and disposed on fields. Some are burried or burned. The discussion group wants to have a solution for this problem. Every sector must be in charge of the waste they generate. Specificly the responsibilities of collecting and treating health care waste and agricultural waste should be defined clearly. Now they have not been defined clearly yet. A owned landfill is more applicable. III. IV. What is needed from WRC? Training on capacity improvement Awareness raising Transport means DSWM group Are you agree that DSWM group is necessary? Which district agencies should be members of the group? Any recommendations on the particpation of relating organizations?

Answer:

We agree because it is necessary and important Representatives of the district Unit of Transportation and Public Works, and district DoNRE. Representatives of social organizations, Women Union, Farmer Assocation, Youth Union, Front Fatherland Unit, Health care station, schools ... What about financial mechanism for the operation of the group? Working protection tools should be equipped to the collectors. Regular budget. Any recommendations on operation modality? DSWM groups roles are to communicate and check the implementation of waste collection and management. Every month, group representatives should participate people meeting. V. Yes. After 2014, will the district/commune continue to communicate and provide financial
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Awareness raising Is the district/commune willing to contribiute a part of budget?

support to the people? Structure of the Environmental Commincation teams? What communication methods are applicable? It is similar to the DSWM group. People meeting Radio station Visual image

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AN NHON GROUP
DAY 1 (12 MAY 2011, 08:00 17:00)

Facilitator: Ms. Le Dieu Anh Secretary: Ms. Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc I. DSWMP I.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Vy, district DoNRE I.2 Discussion Ms. Le Dieu Anh spoke about the DSWMP (with the intension to prepare the participants for the discussion on the next day): How to get the consensus from all actors The consultation with the public is very important, not top-down implementation. Equipment: bin or pushcart? Through the facilitation service done by the facilitation team of Dieu Anh and Le Thuy, it was found that most hamlets did not want dustbin 660 l, because it might cause pollution, disposal out of schedule, less separation at source, and it is possible to be stolen. For pushcart 660 l: In order to use it, we must consider the accessibility of the roads (concrete road or earth road or small alley ).

Mr. Le Ho Nghiem (EPA) raised a question to Mr. Vy, the presenter of the DSWMP: How many percentages of households in An Nhon district pay collection fee? Ms. Le Dieu Anh answered: To support the principle Polluters pay, collection fee must be set up for every household; even the households use no collection service. Households who do not separate at source must pay a higher fee than the ones do separation at source, or even be fined. Referring to the examples of Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka; referring to the examples of the National Community Fund. THE 3 TECHNOLOGIES OF

II. AWARENESS RAISING THROUGH BIODEGRADABLE WASTE II.1 Presentation Presenter: Mr. Le Ho Nghiem, EPA II.2 Discussion -

Mr. Le Ho Nghiem raised 7 questions for discussion: 1. What are the feelings of the district/commune on the testing of the 3 technologies? (Are they feasible, easy ...?) 2. After testing, the project will continue with pilot phase (most of the cost might be supported by the project). If the 3 technologies are highly effective, will the district/commune be willing to contribute?
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3. After 2014, will the district/commune continue to communicate and provide financial support for the implementation of the 3 technologies? 4. Is the structure of the DTF, EC teams and hamlet mobilization group effective? Does it need any modification? 5. How often should the DTF and EC teams meet? (Once per month or once per 2 months ...?) 6. What communication methods should be used in order that the community accesses to the information in the fastest and most accurate manner? Le Dieu Anh suggested these questions should not be discussed because the participants had no idea on the technologies and had not seen the exhibition. A representative of Nhon Thanh commune gave ideas on the technology of mesophilic bins: The mesophilic bins help to minimize bad impacts on environment, reduce the landfill area, and minimize the collection and transport. In addition, we can collect organic fertilizer and larvae from the bins. It is good to replicate this model to the whole district. Le Dieu Anh raised 4 question for group discussion: 1. How is the organization and implementation of the communication activities? 2. Frequency? 3. Demand of support? 4. Initiatives to develop EC efficiently? Awareness, behaviour? 3 groups discussed and wrote their results on paper A0 (These papers were collected by the facilitator) a. Group 1 A1: The communication to the whole community must be done to change awareness, behavior. The organization and implementation must be collaborated by all departments. A2: The frequency must be increase through people meeting and communal radio broadcast. A3: Financial support, panels, leaflets on bad impacts of waste.
b. Group 2: (discuss on the 6 questions raised by Le Ho Nghiem)

A1: Feasible A2: At the testing phase, the project support 100%. If the technologies are effective, the households will contribute a small portion, and the rest will se supported by the project. A3: The communication activities will be continued through radio station, people meetings. Communes are not able to provide financial support. The district and the project should provide financial support and communication materials. A4: Leaders of grass-root organizations, radio station, Communal Peoples Committee, schools, hamlet, health care station. A5: Once per month. A6: Commune radio station, leaflet, panel ; demonstration plots, technical guidelines, replication of the models.
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c. Group 3 A1: Propaganda the government staff and the public, raise their awareness on environment protection. Present, instruct the people on the proposed models and encourage them to continue with these models; present the feasibility and socio-economic benefit of each model. Frequently, through the organizations activities people meetings, community activites and

A2:

Increase the broadcasting time of the commune radio station. The project provides information and technical knowledge The project provides financial support to the communes for communication and workshop organization The project provides financial support to implement the proposed models The commune people need to be further instructed and supported after the project ends It is necessary to organize communication activities with visual aids on the bad consequences of environment pollution Improve the communication to raise awareness and change behavior Increase the amount of beneficiaries who can access to the services and the proposed models (with the support of the project).

A3:

A4:

III.ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GROUP III.1 Presentation Presenter: Tran Dinh Luan III.2 Discussion How can the district improve the SWM in terms of the capacity and performance of the main stakeholders?

Strengthen the responsibilities of all local stakeholders through improving the organizational structures; raise awareness of the people; rehabilitate the infrastructure (the treatment system at the landfill); involve every level in collection under the management of the DPC. Luan gave the answer: It is necessary to establish a DSWM Group. Le Dieu Anh added: It is a working-group in fact, not a normal group. Le Dieu Anh raised questions for group discussion:

1. Is it necessary to establish the DSWM working group? 2. At commune level: Who?

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3. Difficulties? Support? 4. How to maintain after the project ends? 3 groups discussed and wrote their results on paper. a. Group 1 1. It is necessary to establish a DSWM working group. 2. At commune level: leaders of CPC, TPC, heath care station, grass-root organizations, hamlets 3. Difficulties: Budget (it should be supported by the project) 4. It is necessary to maintain this group after the project ends. b. Group 2 1. It is necessary to establish a DSWM working group. 2. At commune level: leaders of CPC, heath care station, grass-root organizations, environment officer, prestige guys of hamlets 3. Difficulties: The people awareness in SWM is still rather low; no enforcement; lack budget Support: Support in skills and social policies for the group members. 4. The group will be maintained when the people awareness is raised.. c. Group 3 1. It is necessary to establish a DSWM working group. 2. At commune level: 1 CPC officer, Farmer Association, Women Union, Youth Union, Veteran Association, Health care station. 3. It is required to provide financial support for the operation of the group, and the enforcement must be set up. 4. This mechanism should be maintained regularly and continuously for the local DSWM. IV. EXHIBITION Guide: Todd Hyman V. WASTE RESOURCE CENTER V.1 Presentation Presenter: Jozef De Smet and Luu Duc Cuong V.2 Discussion Le Dieu Anh raised questions for group discussion: 1. Is it necessary to establish the Waste Resource Center (WRC)? 2. The roles of the WRC?
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3. Is it under the government system or a independent unit? At what level (provincial, district)? 3 groups discussed and wrote their results on papers. The papers are collected by the facilitator. a. Group 1 1. It is necessary to establish a WRC. 2. Agree upon the roles of the WRC as presented. 3. Under the government system. At district level, including: district DoNRE, Health area station, Economic Division, Urban Management Division, CPC, TPC b. Groups 2 1. It is necessary to establish a WRC at district level. 2. Agree upon the roles of the WRC as presented 3. At the beginning, it should be under government system; when the operation is smooth, it should become an independent unit. c. Group 3 1. It is necessary to establish a WRC to communicate, transfer and instruct the community on SWM procedures: reduction, recycling, reusing. 2. The roles of the WRC is appropriate. 3. It must be under the government system.
DAY 2 (13 MAY 2011, 08:00 12:00)

Facilitator: Ms. Le Dieu Anh, Mr. Luu Duc Cuong Secretary: Ms. Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc Le Dieu Anh raised the questions for group discussion:

1. How do we do to obtain the objective of separation at source? 2. Waste collection and transport: Method: frequency, implementation way Means: including dustbin Market waste Household waste 3 groups discussed on the questions
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3. Treatment technologies:

4. Scenario of landfill

Mr. Vy from district DoNRE synthesized the results of the 3 groups and made the presentation on the results

I. Awareness raising 1. Increase the frequency and duration of communication activities: every month, through the people meetings, and activities of grass-root organizations, schools, and radio station. 2. Develop panels, leaflets. 3. Carry out demonstration activities and study tours to promote the benefits of the models, including study tours to dumpsites to show the bad impacts to environment and human. 4. It is necessary to involve all stakeholders. 5. It needs to be provided with information, technical and financial supports. II. DSWM group 1. It is necessary to establish a DSWM group. 2. Organization: at district level 3. Difficulties and challenges: lack budget 4. In order to maintain the group after the project ends, it requires a good legal mechanism and financial support. III.WRC 1. It is necessary to establish a WRC. The roles of the WRC proposed in the presentation are agreed. 2. Legal status of the WRC: At the beginning, it should be under the government, after that, it should become independent. 3. It should be established at provincial level and district level.
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Luu Duc Cuong raised question: What does it mean when you say the WRC should be under government? Why should it be managed by the government?

Mr. Vy answered: At the beginning, it should be under the government to get financial support from the government. Luu Duc Cuong: If it is just because of the financial support, it will be unnecessary to be under the governement. The WRC can be financed by many fund sources as presented by Jozef De Smet.

IV. DSWMP 1. Separation at source Raise the people awareness through visual aids Arrange dustbins at markets, offices, schools for 2 kinds of waste: organic and inorganic Do the pilot of separation at source in the first 2 years in the town area.
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Replicate the model from the third year, including the enforcement and encourage mechanism. Market waste: Organic waste: apply the composting technology. The pilot activities are carried out in the 1st year for 1 market per town/commune (the total is 15 markets). Inorganic waste: be collected by collection agency 3 times per week at the towns and 2 times per week at the communes. Arrange dustbins at markets Household waste: Organic waste: apply the mesophilic bin technology for towns and communes (for town: community bins, for commune: household bin) Pilot activities of household mesophilic bins: Year 1: 2 households/hamlet at communes, 2 households for Binh Dinh town and 3 households for Dap Da town Year 2: 10% of households/hamlet Year 3: 50% of households/hamlet Year 4: 70% of households/hamlet Year 5: 80% of households/hamlet

2. Collection and transport:

Le Dieu Anh asked: What about the percentage of households participate into the model at towns? Answer of 1 representative from Binh Dinh town: It is difficult to increase the participation of the households at towns because of the land limitation. Inorganic waste: Be collected every 3 days at towns and every week at hamlets. At the main roads and the urban crowded residential areas: use pushcarts (for transporting waste from households to the transfer points) and trucks (for transporting waste from the transfer points to the landfill). At the rural scattering residential areas: use makeshift trucks(for transporting waste from households to the transfer points) and trucks (for transporting waste from the transfer points to the landfill). V. SCENERIO OF LANDFILL The group agreed to invest in a shared landfill to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs and bad impacts.

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TAY SON GROUP

Facilitator: Mr. Pham Hong Nhat, Mr. Le Ho Nghiem Secretariat: Ms. Tran Thi Bich Khoi 1. Comments for 3 technologies
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Market waste: Use mesophilic bin and biopod. Because there are not much waste in the markets and no area to compost. Household: Implement pilot models in communes, 1 pilot/small hamlet. No composting

2. Domestic SWM Agree with objectives in the schedule, because these objectives based on the provincial plan, it must focus on as follows:
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From now up to 2014 (when sanitary landfill is built and operated) needs to have solutions to manage and treat the generated waste Need to collect and treat harmful waste of agriculture such as bottles of pesticide Need to manage health waste from health centers of commune and private clinics At present, District Task Force established and hosted by district DARD, so SWM group should be integrated into District Task Force, but human resources need to change (Vice chairman of DPC must be head of group) Should establish in the provincial level, district level is not enough capacity and human resources (they mainly hold concurrently) to implement
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3. Harmful waste -

4. Establish SWM group

5. Establish WRC -

6. Demands of waste bins It is necessary. However, it needs to arrange properly in rural areas Need to equip with compactor truck, other collection and transportation means

7. Select landfill scenario Select place to build landfill decided by PPC, however it must have legal bases and reasonable solutions to solve social problems. Understand benefit of waste separation Implement communication activities in levels at the same time Implement pilot models in some areas to test the fact

8. Solutions increase communication

04 communes/ towns in Tay Son district implement pilots during 4 years (25 villages/ commune or town), so it can implement pilots (1 village has 3 4 small hamlets, 1 small hamlet/1 pilot)
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(Note: Need to support budget)

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SESSION 2. PRESENTATION OF GROUP WORK, EVALUATION AND CONLUSION

Time: 13:30 17:00, 13 May 2011 I. Presentation of group-work 1. Presentation Representatives of the districts presented their results of group discussion. 2. Discussion Question to Tay Son: Why dont you select the technology of compost with toptex for Tay Son? Representative of Tay Son district DoNRE answered: Tay Son district has one wholesale market in Phu Phong town and many small commune markets. However, there has been the planning for Phu Phong wholesale market already. So now we have no location at this market area for compost. In addition, the commune markets are small and only open in the morning, the waste generated from these markets is little. That is why we do not choose the technology of compost. Question to Hoai Nhon: Why do you choose the scenario 3, which is district owned landfill? The DPC Vice-Chairman answered: The district owned landfill has more benefits, including easy management, clear liability, and shorter transport distance. However, if an owned landfill for our district is impossible, we will agree to share the landfill providing that the landfill is managed by a Shared Management Board, which is established under a Decision issued by the PPC, and the province solves the problem of people awareness on a shared landfill. Do you have any recommendation for the existing dumpsite from now until 2014? Hoai Nhon: We have no problem with the existing dumpsite in term of dumpsite closure. An Nhon: We had a dumpsite operating from 1991 to 2007. This one was closed already. So we also have no problem in term of closure. Tay Son: We have no experience in closing a dumpsite. We need to be provided training on dumpsite closure. II. Evaluation See the evaluation report attached. III. Conclusion

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