Being able to describe facts and figures, trends and tendencies is an extremely useful skill in the workplace !

Here are some questions to think about before you start this unit:

What figures do you need to present in your job ? What figures are presented to you ? Can you say everything you need to say ?
Can you understand everything that's explained to you ?

What causes difficulties for you when you need to explain figures, numbers, changes, trends and tendencies ? Why do you find these
things difficult ?

Send your comments, thoughts, ideas and questions to us at e4u@uv.mx

Situation: The Chief Financial Officer is presenting the annual report to staff. CFO: I would like you to all look at the bar chart
for the last financial year. As you can see, turnover, sales and profits all fell slightly last year due to the difficult market conditions in
this sector after September 11th, although profits decreased more than we had expected. Market share was affected by growth in our
main competitor's expansion and went down by 1.7 per cent. Employee: Can you tell me a little more about why this has happened ?
CFO: Well, we think that inflation has affected consumer confidence and this, combined with rising unemployment, will mean our
figures remain the same again this year. The good news is that the usually weak first quarter of this year was a slight improvement
on the same period last year, mainly due to the increase in the marketing budget. Employee: What's the corporate plan for the
following two quarters ? CFO: We want to ensure that the second and third quarter sales do not fall dramatically. In this way, we can
ensure that profits do not fall and that costs remain stable. We hope that the...




Diccionario Espasa Concise 2000 Espasa Calpe:
hilarious [h 'ler s] adjetivo divertidsimo,-a: the film was hilarious, la pelcula fue divertidsima



it is hilarious seeing

Hi!

How would you say 'it's hilarious seeing celebrities try to cook' in spanish?

Would you say 'es hilarante ver los famosos tratar de cocinar'?

Thank you!
Re: it is hilarious seeing

Yo dira: "Es graciossimo ver a los famosos tratando de cocinar".
es chistoso ver a los famosos tratando de cocinar
Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:
clog
1
Nl :g || Nl g sustantivo
zueco m
clog
2
-gg- ~ (up) verbo transitivo pipe/filter obstruir
(conj.

)
, atascar
(conj.

)
;
wheels atascar
(conj.

)

verbo intransitivo [pipe] obstruirse
(conj.

)
, atascarse
(conj.

)
;
[wheel] atascarse
(conj.

)

Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:
dogged 'd:gd ||'d g d adjetivo
obstinado, emperrado (fam
Diccionario Espasa Concise 2000 Espasa Calpe:
dogged ['d g d] adjetivo tenaz: he's a dogged writer, es un escritor tenaz


his face dogged wit incipient disappointment

How would you translate "his face dogged with incipient disappointment"
Context: a conversation between two people, where one of them is trying to convince
the other one about the honorability of codebreakers.

My try: "Ceo fruncido con incipiente desacuerdo"
Hola, Paul.
Desgraciadamente es un mal uso de la palabra "dogged."
"His life was dogged by (or with) disappointment" (su vida fue marcada por muchas
desilusiones) es un uso correcto.
"Dogged by" quiere decir "afligido, o perseguido, por" (malos eventos)

Tu interpretacin de esta conversacin parece ser correcta, aunque el ingls no suena
bien. "With" tiene una "h" al final. "Decepcin" es una palabra ms apropiada quizs
(en vez de "desacuerdo."
Sabes que "dogged" en tu frase es participio, no pretrito, verdad?
_________
Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:
drag
1
drg -gg- verbo transitivo
1.
a. (haul) arrastrar, llevar a rastras;
to ~ sb's name o reputation through the mud o dirt cubrir
(conj.

)
de fango or manchar el buen nombre de algn
b. (force) (colloq): I ~ged myself out of bed me forc a salir de la cama;
how did I get ~ged into this ridiculous plan? cmo me dej meter en un plan tan absurdo?;
I couldn't ~ myself away no tena fuerzas para irme
2. (allow to trail) tail/garment/anchor arrastrar;
I don't want to ~ the kids around with me all day no quiero andar con los nios a cuestas todo el da;
to ~ one's feet o heels dar(le)* largas al asunto
_____
Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:
draft
1
drft ||dr :ft sustantivo
1. countable (BrE) draught (cold air) corriente f de aire
2. countable (formulation) versin f;
the final ~ of my speech la versin final de mi discurso;
a rough ~ un borrador;
(before n) ~ bill anteproyecto m de ley
3. (Fin) cheque m or efecto m bancario
4. (AmE) the ~ (Mil) el llamamiento or (AmL tb) llamado a filas
draft
2
verbo transitivo
1. (formulate) document/contract/letter redactar el borrador de;
speech preparar
2. (conscript) (AmE) reclutar, llamar a filas
draft dodger sustantivo (AmE) prfugo, -ga m,f, insumiso m (Esp), remiso m (Andes);
draftproof adjetivo
hermtico


lie:

English definition | in French | in Italian | in Portuguese
conjugator | in context | images
Listen: US - UK

See 'lie' in the new Legal dictionary.

For the verb: "to lie"
Simple Past: lay, lied
Past Participle: lain, lied

Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary 2005 Oxford University Press:
lie
1
lu sustantivo (untruth) mentira f;
that's a ~! (eso es) mentira!;
to tell ~s decir
(conj.

)
mentiras, mentir
(conj.

)
;
to give the ~ to sth desmentir
(conj.

)
algo
lie
2
verbo intransitivo
I. (3rd pers sing pres lies; pres p lying; past & past p lied) (tell untruths)
mentir
(conj.

)
;
to ~ one's way out of/into sth salir
(conj.

)
de un problema/conseguir
(conj.

)
algo a
base de mentiras
II. (3rd pers sing pres lies; pres p lying; past lay; past p lain)
1.
a. (lie down) echarse, acostarse
(conj.

)
, tenderse
(conj.

)

b. (be in lying position) estar
(conj.

)
tendido, yacer
(conj.

)
(liter);
he often ~s in bed until noon con frecuencia se queda en la cama hasta el
medioda;
~ still! qudate quieto!;
I lay awake for hours estuve horas sin poder dormir;
to ~ low tratar de pasar inadvertido
c. (be buried) yacer
(conj.

)
(liter), estar
(conj.

)
sepultado (frml);
(on signs) here lies John Brown aqu yacen los restos de John Brown
2. (be) [object] estar
(conj.

)
;
the snow lay two feet deep la nieve tena dos pies de espesor;
the book lay open at page 304 el libro estaba abierto en la pgina 304;
the factory still lay idle la fbrica segua parada;
the ship lay at anchor el barco estaba fondeado or anclado
3.
a. (be located) [building/city] encontrarse
(conj.

)
, estar
(conj.

)
(situado or ubicado);
a group of islands lying off the west coast un conjunto de islas situadas cerca
de la costa occidental
b. (stretch) extenderse
(conj.

)

4. [problem/difference] radicar
(conj.

)
, estribar, estar
(conj.

)
;
[answer] estar
(conj.

)
;
where do your sympathies ~? con quin simpatizas?;
it's hard to see where the problem ~s es difcil ver en qu estriba or radica el
problema;
victory lay within his grasp tena la victoria al alcance de la mano

Phrasal Verbs
lie about (BrE) See Also lie around lie ahead v + adv to ~ ahead (OF sb/sth):
miles of desert lay ahead of us tenamos por delante millas de desierto;
who knows what may ~ ahead? quin sabe qu nos depara el futuro!


Parts of Speech Table
This is a summary of the 8 parts of speech*. You can find more detail if you click on each
part of speech.
part of
speech
function or
"job"
example
words
example
sentences
Verb action or
state
(to) be,
have, do,
like,
work,
sing, can,
must
EnglishClub.co
m is a web site. I
like
EnglishClub.co
m.
Noun thing or
person
pen, dog,
work,
music,
town,
London,
teacher,
John
This is my dog.
He lives in my
house. We live
in London.
Adjective describes a
noun
a/an, the,
69, some,
good,
big, red,
well,
interestin
g
My dog is big. I
like big dogs.
Adverb describes a
verb,
adjective or
adverb
quickly,
silently,
well,
badly,
very,
really
My dog eats
quickly. When
he is very
hungry, he eats
really quickly.
Pronoun replaces a
noun
I, you,
he, she,
some
Tara is Indian.
She is beautiful.
Preposition links a
noun to
another
word
to, at,
after, on,
but
We went to
school on
Monday.
Conjunctio
n
joins
clauses or
sentences
or words
and, but,
when
I like dogs and I
like cats. I like
cats and dogs. I
like dogs but I
don't like cats.
Interjection short
exclamatio
n,
sometimes
inserted
into a
sentence
oh!,
ouch!,
hi!, well
Ouch! That
hurts! Hi! How
are you? Well, I
don't know.
* Some grammar sources categorize English into 9 or 10 parts of speech. At
EnglishClub.com, we use the traditional categorization of 8 parts of speech. Examples of
other categorizations are:

y Verbs may be treated as two different parts of speech:
o Lexical Verbs (work, like, run)
o Auxiliary Verbs (be, have, must)
y Determiners may be treated as a separate part of speech,
instead of being categorized under Adjectives



y Parts of Speech Examples
y Here are some sentences made with different English parts of speech:
verb
Stop!


noun verb
John works.


noun verb verb
John is working.

y
pronoun verb noun
She loves animals.


noun verb adjective noun
Animals like kind people.

y
noun verb noun adverb
Tara speaks English well.


noun verb adjective noun
Tara speaks good English.

y
pronoun verb preposition adjective noun adverb
She ran to the station quickly.
y
pron. verb adj. noun conjunction pron. verb pron.
She likes big snakes but I hate them.
y Here is a sentence that contains every part of speech:
interjection pron. conj. adj. noun verb prep. noun adverb
Well, she and young John walk to school slowly.
Words with More than One Job
Many words in English can have more than one job, or be more than one part of speech.
For example, "work" can be a verb and a noun; "but" can be a conjunction and a
preposition; "well" can be an adjective, an adverb and an interjection. In addition, many
nouns can act as adjectives.
To analyze the part of speech, ask yourself: "What job is this word doing in this sentence?"
In the table below you can see a few examples. Of course, there are more, even for some of
the words in the table. In fact, if you look in a good dictionary you will see that the word
but has six jobs to do:
y verb, noun, adverb, pronoun, preposition and conjuction!
word part of speech example
work noun My work is easy.
verb I work in London.
but conjunction John came but Mary didn't
come.
preposition Everyone came but Mary.
well adjective Are you well?
adverb She speaks well.
interjection Well! That's expensive!
afternoon noun We ate in the afternoon.
noun acting as
adjective
We had afternoon tea.
Form of Adjectives
Rules
1. Adjectives are invariable:
They do not change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun.
A hot potato Some hot potatoes
2. To emphasise or strengthen the meaning of an adjective use 'very' or 'really':
A very hot potato Some really hot potatoes.
(BUT see also Modifiers/Adverbs)




The present simple is used to talk about actions we see as long term or
permanent. It is very common and very important.
In these examples, we are talking about regular actions or events.
y I drive to work every day.
y She doesn't come very often.
y The games usually start at 8.00 in the evening.
y What do you usually have for breakfast?
In these examples, we are talking about facts.
y Water freezes at 0 C or 32 F.
y I have three children.
y What does this word mean?
y I don't have any of my original teeth left.
In these examples, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.
y The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning.
y Christmas Day falls on a Sunday this year.
y Ramadan doesn't begin for another 2 weeks.
y Does the class begin this week or next?
In these examples, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Notice that, although
these feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.
y I think you are wrong.
y She doesn't want to do it.
y They don't agree with us.
y Do you understand what I am trying to say.



We use the active form to say what the subject does.
y He drove the car yesterday.
y I clean my house once a week.



We use the passive form to say what happens
to the subject.
y The car was driven by somebody else
yesterday.
y The house was cleaned only yesterday
Sometimes when we use the passive we do not know
who did the action.
y My watch was made in Switzerland.
y My car has been damaged.
Sometimes we know who did something but it
is not as important as what was done.
y It was sent by Harry yesterday.
y I was told by Sarah.
Often we use the passive to bring the topic we
are interested in to the front of the sentence.
y The vegetables are all grown by local
farmers.
y This door should be replaced when you
have time.
Notice that the correct form is ' I was born' (not
'I am born'.
y I was born in 1987
y You were born in the same year as me.
Notice that the passive of 'doing' is 'being done'.
y I don't like you staring at me.
y I don't like being stared at.
y I hate people talking to me in clubs.
y I hate being talked to in clubs.
When things happen or change, and especially in informal English, you can use 'get' instead of 'be' in the passive.
y There was an accident but nobody was hurt
y There was an accident but nobody got hurt
y I was offered the job but I didn't take it.
y I got offered the job but I didn't take it.


We use the Present Simple
y for regular actions or events
I watch TV most evenings.
y facts
The sun rises in the east
y facts know about the future
The plane leaves at 5.00 in the morning.
y thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking
I don't understand.
We use the Present Continuous
y at the time of speaking ('now')
I'm watching a movie on TV.
y things which are true at the moment but not always
I'm looking for a new job.
y present plans for the future
I'm taking my husband to New York for his birthday.
Look at these sentences:
y I usually don't drink coffee but I'm having one this morning because there is nothing else.
y I often drive to work but I'm taking the train this morning because my car is in for repair.
y I'm thinking about dying my hair blonde but I don't think my wife will be very happy about it.
y My parents live in New York but I'm just visiting.
Notice how in all these examples we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in
time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in
the past.
We can use it to talk about a specific point
in time.
y She came back last Friday.
y I saw her in the street.
y They didn't agree to the deal.
It can also be used to talk about a period
of time.
y She lived in Tokyo for seven years.
y They were in London from Monday
to Thursday of last week.
y When I was living in New York, I
went to all the art exhibitions I
could.
You will often find the past simple used
with time expressions such as these:
y Yesterday
y three weeks ago
y last year
y in 2002
y from March to June
y for a long time
y for 6 weeks
y in the 1980s
y in the last century
y in the past

Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completed
actions in the past.
Most of the time when we are talking about
such actions, we use the past simple. This is by
far the most common way about talking about
the past.
y I lived there for 6 years.
y I only found out a few moments ago.
y I asked her but she didn't know
anything.
y The company made 100 people
redundant last year.
Only use the past continuous when you
want to emphasize the continuity of the
action.
y Everybody was talking about it all
evening.
y They were really trying hard but
couldn't do it.
y I was thinking about you the other
day.
y Were you expecting that to happen?
When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the "background
action" and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action.
y It was raining hard when we left the building.
y I was reading the report when you rang.
y He was going out to lunch when I saw him.
y The company was doing well when I last visited it.

First the good news - all new verbs in English are regular.
y I photocopied the report.
y She faxed it to me.
y They emailed everybody about it.
However, that doesn't help you to learn the approximately 180 irregular verbs which do exist. Luckily some of these
are extremely rare but many others are very useful and you need to know them.
So how do you learn them? Some teachers think you should learn a list of them 'by heart'. Other teachers think you
should not learn them at all you will just gradually acquire them over time.
One useful method is to note down new irregular verbs as you meet them. But how should you note them?
It is useful to put these verbs (or any vocabulary you want to learn) into sentences and learn those rather than the
individual word.
Which do you think is easier to learn?
stick stuck stuck
I stuck the photo into my album.
Another good technique is to classify the irregular verbs into 4 categories.
1. All forms the same

cost cost cost
set set set
2. Similar sound groups
beat beat beaten
eat ate eaten
.
blow blew blown
throw threw thrown
.
drink drank drunk
sing sang sung
.
speak spoke spoken
wake woke woken
3. The second and third forms are the same.
bend bent bent
sleep slept slept
spend spent spent
.
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
teach taught taught
.
have had had
pay paid paid
say said said
4. The "unclassifiables"
come came come
do did done
go went gone
show showed shown
As you meet new irregular verbs, try to decide in which category they fall.



(British English and American English have different rules for the
use of the present perfect. The comments being made here and the exercises state the correct
grammar for British English. However, in American English, it is often considered acceptable to use the past simple
in some of these examples.)
We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.
We can use it to look back on the recent past.
y I've broken my watch.
y She's taken my copy.
y They have cancelled the meeting.
y The company has doubled its turnover.
Often when we look back on the recent past we use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and
questions only).
y I've just finished.
y She's just arrived.
y We've already spoken about that.
y They've already met.
y I haven't finished yet.
y They don't know yet.
y Have you spoken to him yet?
y Has he got back to you yet?
We can also use it to look back on the more distant past.
y I've been to Singapore a lot over the years.
y He's done this type of project several times before.
y They've talked about it in the past.
y We've spoken to them on several occasions over the years.
Often when we look back on the more distant past we use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.
y Have you ever been to Indonesia?
y Has he ever spoken to you about the problem?
y I've never met him.
y We've never considered investing in Canada.


(British English and American English have different rules for the use of the present perfect. The comments being
made here and the exercises state the correct grammar for British English. However, in American English, it is often
considered acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)
We use the past simple to talk about actions in the past that
have finished. It talks about 'then' and definitely excludes 'now'.
We use the present perfect simple to look back on actions in the
past from the present. It always includes 'now'.
These sentences are in the past with no connection to the present.
y I first met him 10 years ago.
y I started work here in 1987.
y I ate too much at lunchtime.
Now look at these same situations seen from the present.
y I've known him for 10 years.
y I've worked here since 1987.
y My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much.
Typical time phrases that we use with the past simple are 'yesterday', 'ago', 'last year', 'in 1999'.
y I spoke to him yesterday.
y She came in a few moments ago.
y We made our last purchase over a year ago.
y He joined the company in 1999.
Typical time phrases that we use with the present perfect are 'ever', 'never', 'since'.
y I've never seen so many people.
y Have you ever been more shocked?
y I've done a lot since we last spoke.
Typical time phrases always used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple in
American English are 'already', 'just', 'yet'.
y I haven't done it yet. (UK)
y I didn't do it yet. (US)
y I've just done it. (UK)
y I just did it. (US)
y I've already done it. (UK)
y I already did it. (US)
The time phrase 'for' can be used with both forms, but with different meanings.
y I went to Munich for the weekend but I came back on Sunday evening.
y I've been in Munich for the weekend and I've brought you back some German sausages.






State how you want to deal with questions.
y If you have any questions, I'll be happy
to answer them as we go along.
y Feel free to ask any questions.
y Perhaps we can leave any questions you
have until the end?
y There will be plenty of time for questions
at the end.
y Vocabulary
Word
Part of speech
Meaning Example Sentence
absent
adj
not present The vice president is absent
due to unforeseen
circumstances.
accomplish
verb
succeed in doing We have a lot to accomplish
today, so let's begin.
address
verb
deal with; speak on I hope we do not have to
address this matter again in
the future.
adjourn
verb
close a meeting If there are no further
comments, we will adjourn
the meeting here.
agenda
noun
list of objectives to cover in a
meeting
Please forward the agenda
to anyone who is speaking at
the meeting.
AGM
noun(abbr.)
Annual (yearly) General
Meeting
We always vote for a new
chairperson at the AGM.
allocate
verb
assign roles/tasks to certain
people
I forgot to allocate someone
to bring refreshments.
AOB
noun(abbr.)
Any Other Business
(unspecified item on agenda)
The last item on the agenda
is AOB.
apologies
noun
item on agenda announcing
people who are absent;
apologies for absence
Everyone is present today,
so we can skip the
apologies.
ballot
noun
a type of vote, usually in
writing and usually secret
Please fold your ballot in
half before you place it in
the box.
board of directors
noun
group of elected members of an
organization/company who
meet to make decisions
The board of directors
meets once a month to
discuss the budget.
boardroom
noun
a large meeting room, often has
one long table and many chairs
The boardroom is reserved
for a managers' meeting, so
we'll have to meet in the
lounge.
brainstorm
verb
thinking to gather ideas Let's take a few minutes and
brainstorm some ways that
we can cut costs.
casting vote
noun
deciding vote (usually by the
chairman) when the votes are
otherwise equal
The role of treasurer was
decided based on the
chairman's casting vote.
chairperson/chair the person who leads or As chair, it is my pleasure
noun presides at a meeting to introduce to you, Mr.
Allan Davis.
clarification/verification
noun
explanation/proof that
something is true/understood
Before we address this
matter, I'll need some
clarification as to who was
involved.
closing remarks
noun
last thoughts spoken in a
meeting (i.e. reminders, thank
yous)
I just have a few closing
remarks and then you will
all be free to go.
collaborate
verb
work together as a pair/group The board fell apart because
the members had difficulty
collaborating.
commence
verb
begin We will commence as soon
as the last person signs the
attendance sheet.
comment
verb or noun
express one's opinions or
thoughts
If you have a comment,
please raise your hand rather
than speak out.
conference
noun
formal meeting for discussion,
esp. a regular one held by an
organisation
Before the conference there
will be a private meeting for
board members only.
conference call
noun
telephone meeting between
three or more people in
different locations
Please make sure I have no
interruptions while I'm on
the conference call.
confidential
adjective
private; not to be shared Any financial information
shared during this meeting
should be kept confidential.
consensus
noun
general agreement If we cannot come to a
consensus by the end of the
meeting we will put it to a
vote.
deadline
noun
due date for completion The deadline for buying
tickets to the conference is
May 25th.
designate
verb
assign If no one volunteers to take
the minutes I will be forced
to designate someone.
formality
noun
a procedure (often unnecessary)
that has to be followed due to a
rule
Everyone knows who is
going to be the next vice
president, so this vote is
really just a formality.
grievance
noun
complaint The first item on the agenda
relates to a grievance
reported by the interns.
guest speaker
noun
person who joins the group in
order to share information or
deliver a speech
I am delighted to welcome
our guest speaker Holly,
who is going to be offering
some sales pitch tips.
implement
verb
make something happen; follow
through
It's not a question of whether
or not we're going to use this
idea, it's whether or not we
know how to implement it.
mandatory
adjective
required It is mandatory that all
supervisors attend Friday's
meeting.
minutes
noun
a written record of everything
said at a meeting
Before we begin with
today's meeting, let's quickly
review the minutes from
last month.
motion
noun
a suggestion put to a vote The motion to extend store
hours has been passed.
objectives
noun
goals to accomplish I'm pleased that we were
able to cover all of the
objectives today within the
designated time.
opening remarks
noun
chairperson or leader's first
words at a meeting (i.e.
welcome, introductions)
As I mentioned in my
opening remarks, we have
to clear this room before the
end of the hour.
overhead projector
noun
machine with a special light
that projects a document onto a
screen or wall so that all can
see
I'm going to put a pie chart
on the overhead projector
so that everyone can
visualize how our profits
have declined.
participant
noun
person who attends and joins in
on an event
Can I have a show of hands
of all of those who were
participants in last year's
conference?
proxy vote
noun
a vote cast by one person for or
in place of another
There must have been one
proxy vote because I count
twelve ballots but only
eleven attendees.
punctual
adjective
on time (not late) Firstly, I want to thank you
all for being punctual
despite this early meeting.
recommend
verb
suggest I recommend that you sit
closer to the front if you
have trouble hearing.
show of hands
noun
raised hands to express an
opinion in a vote
From the show of hands it
appears that everyone is in
favour of taking a short
break.
strategy
noun
plan to make something work We need to come up with a
strategy that will allow us
to have meetings less
frequently.
unanimous
adj
in complete agreement; united
in opinion
The vote was unanimous to
cut work hours on Fridays.
vote
verb or noun
to express (the expression of)
an opinion in a group by voice
or hand etc
We need to vote for a new
vice chairperson now that
Jerry is retiring.
wrap up
verb
finish Let's wrap up here so that
we can get back to our
desks.












Table of Cardinal Numbers
Carcinal numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one 31 thirty-one
2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two 40 forty
3 three 13 thirteen 23 twenty-three 50 fifty
4 four 14 fourteen 24 twenty-four 60 sixty
5 five 15 fifteen 25 twenty-five 70 seventy
6 six 16 sixteen 26 twenty-six 80 eighty
7 seven 17 seventeen 27 twenty-seven 90 ninety
8 eight 18 eighteen 28 twenty-eight 100 a/one hundred
9 nine 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine 1,000 a/one thousand
10 ten 20 twenty 30 thirty 1,000,000 a/one million
Separation between hundreds and tens
Hundreds and tens are usually separated by 'and' (in American English 'and' is not necessary).
110 - one hundred and ten
1,250 - one thousand, two hundred and fifty
2,001 - two thousand and one
Hundreds
Use 100 always with 'a' or 'one'.
100 - a hundred / one hundred
'a' can only stand at the beginning of a number.
100 - a hundred / one hundred
2,100 - two thousand, one hundred
Thousands and Millions
Use 1,000 and 1,000,000 always with 'a' or 'one'.
1,000 - a thousand / one thousand
201,000 - two hundred and one thousand
Use commas as a separator.
57,458,302
The Number 1,000,000,000
In English this number is a billion. This is very tricky for nations
where 'a billion' has 12 zeros. 1,000,000,000,000 in English,
however, is a trillion.
But don't worry, these numbers are even a bit problematic for native
speakers: for a long time the British 'billion' had 12 zeros (a number
with 9 zeros was called 'a thousand million'). Now, however, also in
British English 'a billion' has 9 zeros. But from time to time this
number still causes confusion (just like this paragraph, I'm afraid).
;o)
Singular or Plural?
Numbers are usually written in singular.
two hundred Euros
several thousand light years
The plural is only used with dozen, hundred, thousand,
million, billion, if they are not modified by another number
or expression (e.g. a few / several).
hundreds of Euros
thousands of light years

Speaking About Numbers
Numbers are read in the following manner in English:
million, thousand, hundred

Example:
2,350,400 => two million three hundred (AND)
fifty thousand four hundred
NOTE - Remember: Use and only between
hundreds in British English. American English
leaves the and out.
Decimals
Read decimals as the given number point XYZ
2.36=>two point three six
Percentages
Read percentages as the number followed by
percent
37%=>thirty seven percent
Fractions
Read the top number as a cardinal number,
followed by the ordinal number + s
3/8=>three eighths
NOTE: =>one quarter, 2/3 => two thirds,
one half
Expressions
Here are the descriptive names of a number of
important numerical expressions:
Speed 100 mph (miles per hour)
Weight 80 kg (kilograms) OR 42 lbs (pounds)
telephone number 0171 895 7056
decimal .087
date 12/04/65
percentage 75%
temperature 28 C (celsius) OR 72 F (fahrenheit)
height 1 m 89 cm
price $60
fraction 8/13
score 2-1
It's important to know the right math vocabulary when
speaking about mathematics in class. This page provides
math vocabulary for basic calculations.
Basic Math Vocabulary
+ - plus
Example:
2 + 2

Two plus two
- - minus
Example:
6 - 4
Six minus four
x OR * - times
Example:
5 x 3 OR 5 * 3
Five times three
= - equals
Example:
2 + 2 = 4
Two plus two equals four.

Table of Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal Numbers from 1 through 1,000,000
1 st first 11 th eleventh 21 st twenty-first 31 st thirty-first
2 nd second 12 th twelfth 22 nd twenty-second 40 th fortieth
3 rd third 13 th thirteenth 23 rd twenty-third 50 th fiftieth
4 th fourth 14 th fourteenth 24 th twenty-fourth 60 th sixtieth
5 th fifth 15 th fifteenth 25 th twenty-fifth 70 th seventieth
6 th sixth 16 th sixteenth 26 th twenty-sixth 80 th eightieth
7 th seventh 17 th seventeenth 27 th twenty-seventh 90 th ninetieth
8 th eighth 18 th eighteenth 28 th twenty-eighth 100 th one hundredth
9 th ninth 19 th nineteenth 29 th twenty-ninth 1,000 th one thousandth
10 th tenth 20 th twentieth 30 th thirtieth 1,000,000 th one millionth

Form
Spelling of Ordinal Numbers
Just add th to the cardinal number:
four - fourth
eleven - eleventh
Exceptions:
one - first
two - second
three - third
five - fifth
eight - eighth
nine - ninth
twelve - twelfth
In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is written as an ordinal number:
421st = four hundred and twenty-first
5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh
Figures
When expressed as figures, the last two letters of the written
word are added to the ordinal number:
first = 1st
second = 2nd
third = 3rd
fourth = 4th
twenty-sixth = 26th
hundred and first = 101st
Titles
In names for kings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in Roman numbers. In spoken English, the
definite article is used before the ordinal number:
Charles II - Charles the Second
Edward VI - Edward the Sixth
Henry VIII - Henry the Eighth