Experimental Reedbed Establishment On The Shorelines of The Volkerak-Zoommeer

SMINAIRE EUROPEN
EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM
Gestion et conservation des ceintures de vgtation lacustre
Management and conservation of Lake littoral vegetation
23,24 and 25 october 2002
Experimental reedbed establishment on the shorelines of

the Volkerak-Zoommeer
Hugo Coops
EXPERIMENTAL REEDBED
ESTABLISHMENT ON THE
SHORELINES OF THE
VOLKERAK-ZOOMMEER
Hugo Coops
RIZA, the Netherlands
Volkerakmeer
Water-level experiment
Volkerak-Zoommeer
Until 1970 part of Rhine-Meuse estuary,
gradient polyhaline - oligohaline
1970-1987 saline branch of Oosterschelde
Since 1987: two interconnected freshwater
lakes (Volkerak and Zoommeer)
1987-late 1990s: exceptionally clear water
Present management issues
Severe shoreline erosion

Inflow of hypertrophic rivers
Wetland management
Water management: future options
Water-level drawdown to develop emergent

vegetation zone
Factors determining reed belt

development
climate
herbivorous birds
large
herbivores
waves
water level
sediment
salinity
groundwater
Water-level manipulation:
management and research questions
Exposure of shoreline:
drawdown depth &
duration?
Influence of
groundwater & salt?
Reflooding depth,
timing, duration?
How to deal with
grazing?
Inshore hydrological
processes?
Seeds/seedling
survival?
Salinity tolerance?
Grazing impact?
Clone expansion rate?
Water-level experiment 1995-1998
Drawdown (-30 cm) summer 1995
60
Chloride concentration in upper 10 cm of soil (1995 - 1996)
g Cl / l
NAP-0.30 m
50
NAP-0.29 m
NAP-0.25 m
40
NAP+0.17 m
30
20
10
0
12-4-95
4-7-95
12-7-95
1-8-95
10-8-95
30-8-95
15-11-95
21-3-96
22-4-96
31-5-96
10-7-96
30-7-96
9-9-96
10-12-96
12 April 1995
12 July 1995
160
160
140
140
120
120
100
Pb2
Pb3
80
Pr2a5
60
100
Pb2
Pb3
80
Pr2a5
60
Pr2a4
20
0
0-5
5-10
Pr2a1
10-20
20-40
soil depth
40-60
60-80
sh
or
Pr2a2
eg
Pr2a3
ra
di
en
t
Pr2a4
40
40
Pr2a3
20
Pr2a2
0
0-5
5-10
Pr2a1
10-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
Seedling emergence and elevation / salinity gradient

0.6
1.7
16.0 - 54.6
nr. of 100
s e e dlings / 90
plot
80
58.8
gCl/l
seedlings 25-10-1995
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0,1
0,2
e le vation (m NAP)
Vegetation establishment after drawdown
Seedlings of Phragmites australis - Sept. 1996
Seedling emergence
Water-level fluctuations
Desalination of higher shoreline elevations
Competitive interactions between helophyte
species and with other plants
Rhizome predation by grazing geese
Exchanges shore open water
experimental water levels

0,2
m +NAP
0,1
0
-0,1
-0,2
-0,3
-0,4
1995
1996
1997
1998
Spring 1995
Spring 1997
Summer 1997
12
-4
-1
12 99
-7 5
-1
01 99
-8 5
-1
30 99
-8 5
-1
21 99
-3 5
-1
22 99
-4 6
-1
31 99
-5 6
-1
10 99
-7 6
-1
30 99
-7 6
10 -19
-1 96
21
22 99
-5 6
-1
05 99
-9 7
-1
28 99
-5 7
-1
22 99
-9 8
-1
99
8
Salinity over elevation gradient
g Cl L
60
-1
50
40
30
-0.30 m
-0.29 m
-0.25 m
+0.17 m
20
10
1995
1996
1997
1998
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
19
-20
98
19 97
-30
-10
9
19
95
20
19
10
Helophyte cover over shoreline gradient

Typha angustifolia
1995
1997
Typha latifolia
50
50
Schoenoplectus lacustris
40
40
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
30
Bolboschoenus maritimus
30
20
Phragmites australis
20
10
10
0
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
0
-80
1996
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
1998
50
0
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
0
-80
-70
Vegetation cover over elevation gradient

100
100
1995
80
helophytes
Aster tripolium
Salicornia
rest
60
60
40
40
20
20
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
100
100
80
1997
80
1998
1996
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
-80
-70
Grazed
Not grazed
Control area (fixed water level)
Non-grazed
1996
Grazed
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20
-10
distance on shoreline
1997
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
60
70
80
60
70
80
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20
-10
1998
10
10
20
30
40
50
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
Water-level drawdown experiment
Non-grazed
1996
Grazed
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20 -10
1997
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
60
70
80
60
70
80
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20 -10
1998
10
10
20
30
40
50
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
0
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
Non-grazed
Exclosure removal
1996
Grazed since 1997
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-20 -10
80
1997
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-20 -10
80
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
60
70
80
1998
10
g/m2
g/m2
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-20 -10
10
20
30
40
50
Helophyte biomass model

germination
biomass production
salinity
ungrazed rhizome
biomass in spring
water depth
in summer
rhizome mass
at start of fall
water depth
in winter
rhizome
consumption
herbivores
Simulation of emergent vegetation production
Fixed level
Fluctuation range
0.45 m
Optimum scenario
Current management issues

-water storage
- river water discharge
- restoration of estuarine gradient
- water framework directive
- combination of uses
Current research issues

- nutrient processes in littoral with naturalwater-levels
- tools for impact evaluation
- landscape-level impacts
- water birds
- socio-economic analysis of water-level change

Experimental Reedbed Establishment On The Shorelines of The Volkerak-Zoommeer

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Experimental Reedbed Establishment On The Shorelines of The Volkerak-Zoommeer

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SMINAIRE EUROPEN

Experimental reedbed establishment on the shorelines of

Present management issues

Severe shoreline erosion

Water-level drawdown to develop emergent

Factors determining reed belt

Water-level experiment 1995-1998

Drawdown (-30 cm) summer 1995

Chloride concentration in upper 10 cm of soil (1995 - 1996)

Seedling emergence and elevation / salinity gradient

Vegetation establishment after drawdown

Seedlings of Phragmites australis - Sept. 1996

experimental water levels

Salinity over elevation gradient

Helophyte cover over shoreline gradient

Vegetation cover over elevation gradient

Control area (fixed water level)

Water-level drawdown experiment

Grazed since 1997

Helophyte biomass model

Simulation of emergent vegetation production

Current management issues

Current research issues

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