Paper Presentation on

BRAIN GATE

DECRIPTION
INRODUCTION

the brain. These changes in the brain wave patterns indicator whether someone is concentrating or suppressing his impulses, or whether he is relaxed or tense.

Neuroprosthetic device known as Brain gate converts brain activity in to computer commands. A sensor is implanted on the brain, and electrodes are hooked up to wires that travel to a pedestal on the scalp from there, a fiber optic cable carries that brain activity data to a near by computer. The brain is hardwired with connections, which are made by billions of neurons that make electricity when ever they are simulated. The electrical patterns are called brain waves. Neurons act like the wires and gates in a computer. Brain controls motor function. Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, skin and glands of the body, while sensory neurons carry signals from those outer parts of the body to the central nervous system. A technique called neurofeedback uses connecting sensors on the scalp to translate brain waves in to information a person can learn from. The sensors register different frequencies of the signals produced in

A brain comput1er interface (BCI), some times called a direct neural interface or a brain-machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a human or animal brain (or brain cell culture) and an external device. In either one way accept BCIs,computer

commands from the brain or send signals to it(for example,to restore vision)but not both. Two-way BCIs would allow brains and external devices to exchange information in both directions but have yet to be successfully implanted in animals or humans. In this definition, the word brain means the brain or nervous system of an organile life form rather than the mind. Computer means any processing or computational devices, from simple circuits to silicon chips.

Brain gate is a brain implant system developed by a bio-tech company cyberkinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the

BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (or) DIRED NEURAL INTERFACE.

A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a direct neural interface or a brain-machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a human or animal brain and an external device. In this definition, the word brain means the brain or nervous system of an organic life form rather than the mind. Computer means any processing or computational device, from simple circuits to silicon chips. Following years of early animal working expermentation,

department of neuroscience at brown university. The device was designed to help those who have lost control of their limps, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. The computer chip, which was implanted in to the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user in to the computer Brain gate depends upon the cyberkinetics.In addition to real-time analysis of neurons patterns to relay movement; the brain gate array is also capable of recording electrical data for later analysis. A potential use of this feature would be for a neurologist to study seizure patterns in a patient with epilepsy. Brain gate is currently recruiting patients with a range of neuromuscular neurodegenerative conditions and for commands.

implants in humans now exist, designed to restore damaged hearing, sight and movement.

CLINICA L TRIALS
Partnering with leading rehabilitation centers in Boston, Chicago and providence.

pilot clinical trials in United States.

Cyberkinetics is currently recruiting patients to enroll in pilot clinical trials of the neural interface system. The braingate system is designed to provide a means for people with severe most impairement a new method to communicate with a computer directly with their investigational device,the brain gate system is only offered through the clinical commercially available. The disclaimer in clinical trials is the U.S food and drug administration (FDA) has not approved the brain gate non interface system for general use The brain gate system is an investigational device in the United States, and is uni status.

Multi electrode array, the cerebus 128 channel data acquisition system, and a surgical training program. A team of neuroscientists had implanted a chip in to the brain of a quadriplegic man, allowing him to control a computer has been able to check email and play computer games simply using thoughts. He can also turn lights on and off and control a television, all while talking and moving his head. The chip called Brain gate, is being developed by Massachusetts-based neurotechnology company cyberkinetics.

PLATFORM T ECHNOLOGY Neurons electrical impulses are to

cells that use a language of communicate messages from the

RESEARCH PRODUCT
Cyberkinetics neurotechnology systems provides turn-key solutions for neuroscience researchers invested in recording neural signals from populations of neurons over a long period of time. Their solutions include

brain to the rest of the body. At Cyber kinetics, we have the technology to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the language of neurons. We are developing products to restore function, as well as to monitor, detect, and respond to a variety of

neurological disorders.

diseases

and

surface of the brain. In the Brain Gate Neural Interface System is implanted in the area of the brain

Cyber core technology to

kinetics sense,

responsible for limb movement. In other apery may be implanted in areas of the brain responsible for other body processes

offers a systems approach with a transmit, analyze and apply the language of neurons in both short and long-term settings. Our platform technology is based on the results of several years of research Brown and development at premier a institutions such as University, Institute the of Massachusetts

T RANSMIT

AND

A NALYZE The human brain

is super computer with the ability to instantaneously information. process Cyber of

Technology University, and the University of Utah.

kinetics

technology allows for an extensive amount of elect data to be

transmitted from neurons in the brain S ENSE Cyber unique technology is kinetics able to to computers for analysis. In Brain Gate
TM

System, a bundle consisting

of one hundred gold wires connects the pedestal which extends through the scalp. The pedestal is connected by an exert set of computers in which the data can be stored for offline analysis or analyze Signal processing software algorithms

simultaneously sense the electrical a many individual neurons. Our sensor consists of a silicon array about the size of aspirin that contains one hundred electrodes, each thinner than a human hair. T implanted on the

analyze the electrical activity of

neurons and translate it into control signals for use in various computer based applications.

electrodes each thinner than a hair which activity. detect The neural sensor electrical is then

connected to a computer via a small BRAIN CHIP Brain Gate offers the possibility of hitherto wire attached to a pedestal mounted on the skull. We now have early evidence that a person unable to move their arms hands and legs can quickly gain control of a system which uses thoughts to control a computer and perform meaningful tasks. With additional development this may represent a significant breakthrough for people with severe disabilities. They have a research participant controlling who his is capable of by

unimaginable levels of independence for the severely disabled. Although many are able to control computers with their eyes or tongue such techniques remain dependent on muscular function and require

extensive training. The ultimate goal is to develop the Brain Gate System so that it can be linked to many useful devices, said Donoghuc, who this month received an innovation award from Discover Magazine for his work on Brain Gate. I his includes medical devices such as muscle stimulators, to give the physically disabled a significant improvement in their ability to interact with the world. The fourmillimeter square chip, which is placed on the surface of the motor cortex area of the brain, contains 100

environment

thought alone-something we have only found in science fiction so far, said triehs. They hope that the trial will continue as successfully as it has started and that all other candidates will have as great an experience as our first candidate did.

COMMUNICATION WITH THE BODY

Muscles bodys limbs contain

in

the

the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the department of Neuroscience at

embedded

sensors called muscle spindles that measure the length and speed of the muscles as they stretch and contract as you move other sensors in the skin respond to stretching and pressure. Even if paralysis or disease damages the part of the brain that process movement, the brain still makes neural signals. Theyre just not being sent to the arms, hands and legs. A technique called neuro feedback uses connecting

Brown University. The device was designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. The computer chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands. Currently the chip uses 100 hair-thin electrodes that sense the electromagnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the brain, for example, the area that controls arm movement. The activity is translated into electrically charged signals and is then sent and decoded using a program, which can move either a robotic arm or a computer cursor. According to the Cyber

sensors on the scalp to translate brain waves in to information a person can learn from. The sensors register different frequencies of the signals produced in the brain. These changes in brain wave patterns indicate whether some one is concentrating or suppressing his impulses or whether he is relaxed or tense.

FEATURES

kinetics website, three patients have been implanted with the Brain Gate Brain Gate is a system. The company has confirmed that one patient (Matt Nagle) has a

brain implant system developed by

spinal cord injury, whilst another has advanced ALS.

from being able to simultaneously use the device and at the same time contact or carry on conversations with others.

ADVANTAGES

Potential advantages of the Brain Gate System The brain crate over other muscle driven or brain computer interface approaches

system is based on cyber kinetics platform technology to sense,

include : its potential to interface with a compute weeks or months of training; its potential to be used in an interactive environment users ability to operate the device is not affected by their speech, eye movement noise; and the ability to provide significantly more usefulness and utility than other approaches by connecting directly to the part of the brain that controls hand gestures.

transmit analyze and apply the language of neurons. The Brain Gate Neural Interface System is being designed to one day allow the interface with a computer and / or even faster than, what is possible with the hands of a person. The Brain Gate System may offer over

substantial

improvement

existing technologies. Currently available assistive device has The U.S. Food DISADVANTAGES

significant limitations for both the pers and caregiver. For example, even simple switches must be

and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the Brain Gate Non Interface System for general use.

adjusted frequent that can be time consuming. In addition, these

devices are often obtrusive and user

The Brain Gate System is an investigational device in the United States, and is status (Investigational Device Exemption). In the United States, this investigate can only be used in pre-marketing clinical trials approved by the FDA.

In the future, the Brain Gate System could be used by those individuals who are in severe. Next generation products may be able to provide an individual with the control device that allow breathing, bladder and bowel movements.

CONCLUSION

*** Cyber kinetics is

further developing the Brain Gate system to potentially provide I movement to people with severe motor disabilities. The goal of this development would be to allow these individuals to one day use their own arms and hands are movement developments are currently at the research stage and are not available with the existing Brain Gate System. In addition Cyber product kinetics for is

developing

robotic

control, such as a thought-controlled wheel chair.