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Copyright
Copyright 1994-2010 Intergraph Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement; contains confidential and proprietary information of Intergraph and/or third parties which is protected by copyright law, trade secret law, and international treaty, and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization from Intergraph Corporation.
Terms of Use
Use of this software product is subject to the End User License Agreement ("EULA") delivered with this software product unless the licensee has a valid signed license for this software product with Intergraph Corporation. If the licensee has a valid signed license for this software product with Intergraph Corporation, the valid signed license shall take precedence and govern the use of this software product. Subject to the terms contained within the applicable license agreement, Intergraph Corporation gives licensee permission to print a reasonable number of copies of the documentation as defined in the applicable license agreement and delivered with the software product for licensee's internal, non-commercial use. The documentation may not be printed for resale or redistribution.
Trademarks
Intergraph, the Intergraph logo, PDS, SmartPlant, FrameWorks, I-Convert, I-Export, I-Sketch, SmartMarine, IntelliShip, INtools, ISOGEN, MARIAN, SmartSketch, SPOOLGEN, SupportManager, SupportModeler, COADE, CAESAR II, CADWorx, PV Elite, CODECALC, and TANK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intergraph Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Retek are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other brands and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Technical Support .............................................................................................................................. 7 Program Interface Generalities .......................................................................................................... 8 Help ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Units ........................................................................................................................................... 9 In-Field Computations ................................................................................................................. 9 Error Checking ............................................................................................................................ 9 Program Capabilities ....................................................................................................................... 10 Installation............................................................................................................................................ 11 Hardware/Software Requirements ................................................................................................... 12 Installing TANK ................................................................................................................................ 12 Installing TANK in Silent Mode ......................................................................................................... 16 ESL Installation on a Network .......................................................................................................... 17 Software Revision Procedures ......................................................................................................... 18 Identifying Builds ....................................................................................................................... 18 Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? ..................................................................................... 18 Announcing Builds ..................................................................................................................... 18 Obtaining Builds ........................................................................................................................ 18 What is Contained in a Specific Build? ....................................................................................... 19 Installing Builds ......................................................................................................................... 19 Detecting/Checking Builds ......................................................................................................... 19 Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version ................................................................... 20 Program Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 21 Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) ....................................................................... 22 Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) ....................................................................... 24 Quick Start ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Starting TANK ................................................................................................................................. 25 Using the Main Menu ........................................................................................................................... 27 The File Menu ................................................................................................................................. 28 The Input Menu ............................................................................................................................... 29 The Analysis Menu .......................................................................................................................... 30 The Output Menu ............................................................................................................................. 31 The Tools Menu............................................................................................................................... 31 The Diagnostics Menu ..................................................................................................................... 32 The ESL Menu ................................................................................................................................ 34 The View Menu................................................................................................................................ 36 The Help Menu ................................................................................................................................ 36 TANK Input ........................................................................................................................................... 39 The Tank Description Page.............................................................................................................. 41 General Tank Data Dialog Box......................................................................................................... 42
Contents
Tank Data Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) ........................................................................ 47 Shell Courses Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) .................................................................. 50 Wind Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)..................................................................... 51 Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box)........................................................... 51 Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box ....................................................................................... 53 General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ....................................... 55 Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ............................. 57 Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) ................................................... 63 Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box ........................................................................................... 63 Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box) ...................................................... 64 Grillage Review Dialog Box .............................................................................................................. 65 Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box ............................................................................................................. 66 Cycle Life Data Dialog Box .............................................................................................................. 69 API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box ............................................................................... 70 Shell Settlement Data ...................................................................................................................... 71 API-653 Service Measurement Data ................................................................................................ 72 Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) ..................................... 72 Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) .................................. 73 Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) ............................................................................................................................... 75 API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box .................................................................................... 76 Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad .................................................................................................... 78 Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box .............................................................................. 80 Error Checking ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Warning & Error Options .................................................................................................................. 84 Completing the Error Check Phase .................................................................................................. 85 Analysis/Solution Phase...................................................................................................................... 87 TANK Program Files ........................................................................................................................ 87 Solution Overview ............................................................................................................................ 88 Local Graphics Output ........................................................................................................................ 91 Tank Layout Sketch ......................................................................................................................... 92 Shell Settlement Plots ...................................................................................................................... 93 Nozzle Interaction Diagrams ............................................................................................................ 94 Supported Cone Roof Sketches ....................................................................................................... 97 Output Report Generation ................................................................................................................... 99 Output Report Discussions ............................................................................................................ 100 Job Title Page ......................................................................................................................... 100 User Input Data ....................................................................................................................... 101 Error Checker LOG File ........................................................................................................... 102 Solution Module TXT File ........................................................................................................ 103 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights ....................................................................................... 103 Roof Evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 105 Seismic Analysis Results ......................................................................................................... 109 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results ............................................................................................. 110 Settlement Checks .................................................................................................................. 111 API-2000 Venting Output ......................................................................................................... 112 API-650 Bolting Report ............................................................................................................ 113
Contents
API-650 Cycle Life Output ....................................................................................................... 114 API-650 External Pressure Output ........................................................................................... 115 Examples ............................................................................................................................................ 117 Example Problem APP_K .............................................................................................................. 117 Example Problem O_WC ............................................................................................................... 117 Example Problem A_WC ............................................................................................................... 117 Example Problem KOCZWARA ..................................................................................................... 118 Example Problem B&Y .................................................................................................................. 118 Example Problem SSTEST1 .......................................................................................................... 118 Example Problem TEST1 .............................................................................................................. 118 Example Problem SSC1 ................................................................................................................ 118 Example Problem APP_P .............................................................................................................. 118 Example Problem EXTERN01 ....................................................................................................... 118 Example Problem SEIS01.............................................................................................................. 119 Appendix A - Program File List ......................................................................................................... 121 Main Set ........................................................................................................................................ 121 Help & Error Processing Set .......................................................................................................... 121 English Text Set ............................................................................................................................ 122 API Data Set.................................................................................................................................. 122 Examples Data Set ........................................................................................................................ 123 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems.............................................................................................. 125 Appendix C - List of Materials ........................................................................................................... 127 * ASTM Standards ......................................................................................................................... 127 * CSA Standards ........................................................................................................................... 128 * National Standards ...................................................................................................................... 128 * ISO 630....................................................................................................................................... 128 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) ................................................................................. 128 * Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ...................................................................... 129 * Unknown For API-653 ................................................................................................................. 129 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives ................................................................................ 131 Appendix E - Revision History .......................................................................................................... 133 Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) ......................................................................................................... 133 Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) ......................................................................................................... 133 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) ......................................................................................................... 133 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ....................................................................................................... 133 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ....................................................................................................... 133 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) ......................................................................................................... 134 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) ......................................................................................................... 134 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) ......................................................................................................... 134 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) ......................................................................................................... 134 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) ......................................................................................................... 135 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99)................................................................................................ 135 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) ......................................................................................................... 136 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) ......................................................................................................... 136 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) ......................................................................................................... 136
Contents
Version 1.31 Changes Version 1.30 Changes Version 1.20 Changes Version 1.10 Changes (2/96) ......................................................................................................... 137 (8/95) ......................................................................................................... 137 (11/94) ....................................................................................................... 138 (6/94) ......................................................................................................... 138
SECTION 1
Introduction
TANK is a computer-based software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanks using the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for user input, cell specific help for guidance and information, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive diagnostics to assist in problem resolution. This manual provides detailed instructions for the installation, configuration, and operation of the program. Every effort has been made to create a user interface as obvious as possible. However, when in doubt, rely on the help system, which can be launched by pressing F1.
Technical Support
Intergraph understands the engineers need to produce efficient, economical, and expeditious designs. To that end, Intergraph has a staff of professionals ready to address questions raised by users. TANK support is available by telephone, e-mail, fax, the web site, and by mail. It is expected, however, that questions focus on the current version of the program.
Introduction
Help
One of the most important features of TANK is the help system, which is designed to be available anytime input is required from the user. Help on a particular input box can be obtained by pressing F1. After the help system has been activated, the appropriate information displays in an interactive window. When the help text pertains to an input cell which is units specific, the help text includes the expected input units in the title line. These unit labels are dynamic and will change to reflect the currently active units file.
Introduction
Units
The second important feature of the TANK interface is the units system. The units system is intended to provide consistent units sets while providing flexibility to switch between them. The following points detail the characteristics of the units system: Input Files - New and existing input files are always presented using the currently active set of units. The expected units for each data cell are displayed on the dialog. Selecting a Units File - Most users will work in one predominate units system so it is important to select and set this system in the tool\configuration program. For more information on the four standard supplied units systems, see Appendix B - Standard Units Systems (on page 125). Reviewing Output - Output reports are always generated at the time of the request using the currently active units file. TANK provides the user with the ability to switch units for output generation. This provides the ability to review the output in several sets of units without re-running the analysis. Creating Units Sets - Intergraph supplies four standard unit sets with TANK. In some instances additional sets may be required. A utility program can be launched from the Main Menu to generate additional unit files.
In-Field Computations
The third important feature of the interface is the ability to perform simple computations in the input cells. For example, a corrosion allowance of 3/32 can be entered as 3/32 instead of 0.09375. The four basic math operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are supported in the input cells. This input calculator feature is quite useful for quick conversions when a calculator is out of reach.
Error Checking
A final point to note about the TANK interface is the error detection and diagnostic reporting module. Even though TANK validates your input data, there is still the potential for abort conditions to arise during the analysis. These conditions can be caused by system problems (full hard disks) or API Code restrictions (Appendix A limits thicknesses to inch). When such a fatal condition occurs, the program attempts to trap the error, assign it a numeric value which is indexed to a database, and finally reports the problem to you. This diagnostic reporting can be launched from any module of the program and utilizes the same interface as the help system. After the review of a specific error message is complete, the diagnostic utility allows the review of additional error messages if necessary. Upon exit from the diagnostic utility, user control is returned to the Main menu.
Introduction
Program Capabilities
TANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5 and several of the Appendices. These include: Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable point method or the one foot method. Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders. Minimum metal temperature reporting. Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A. Seismic computations according to Appendix E. Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F. Grillage computations according to Appendix I. Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M. Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M. Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting load interaction diagrams. Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S. External pressure computations according to Appendix V. Duplex Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix X. An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279. Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad A Material Database editor TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653: Material modifications according to Section 2.3. Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B. Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance. Corroded hydrotest case Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and L locations Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations Hydrotest heights TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000. TANK relies on a great deal of data specified in the API codes. This includes the material data from Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also been incorporated into the program where necessary. Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes.
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SECTION 2
Installation
To begin the installation of TANK, insert the CD into the drive. The installation routine will start and the following control menu displays.
CD Content
Additional Installations - Includes options to install the HASP. Browse the CD - Displays Windows Explorer focused on the root of the CD. Additional documents and content can be reviewed from this window. Additional Products - Displays a single page describing other Intergraph Analysis products. Contact Intergraph - Displays contact information for the Analysis Group at Intergraph.
Services
Training - Displays a web page with the seminar schedule for the various analysis products. Support Forum - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Discussion Forum. The main (center) portion of the menu provides options to install TANK or review a number of important documents without installing anything. These options include: Install TANK - Launches the main installation process, which installs TANK, the HASP drivers, and all associated documentation. TANK Information - Displays Internet Explorer focused on the TANK Information Page. Release Notes - Displays a PDF document detailing the recent changes made to this new version of TANK. ReadMe File - Displays a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and the CD contents. License Agreement - Displays the TANK License Agreement.
11
Installation
The License Agreement file is an RTF document and may not display properly without an RTF viewer. Installation Instructions - Displays a PDF document containing these instructions. HASP Licensing Overview - Displays a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing System. HASP Trouble Shooting - Displays a document with troubleshooting procedures in the event there are issues with the licensing.
Hardware/Software Requirements
Software Requirements
Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista (Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise), or Windows 7 (Ultimate, Professional, or Business) SmartPlant License Manager (optional) Home editions of the Windows operating system are not supported.
Hardware Requirements
minimum of 2.0 Ghz processor minimum 1 GB of RAM graphics card with 1024x768 resolution or better 256 MB of video RAM or better
Installing TANK
We recommend that nothing else be running while the installation program runs. Most unsuccessful installation attempts can be attributed to other software running at the same time as the installation. 1. Insert the TANK CD into your computer. If the setup does not start automatically, double-click CDSpawn.exe in the root CD folder. 2. Click Install TANK to begin the installation.
The installation extracts all the necessary files and optionally installs any prerequisites needed.
12
Installation
3. Click Next on the welcome page.
4. Read the license agreement. 5. If you accept the license agreement, select I accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Next. -ORIf you do not accept the license agreement, select I do not accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Cancel. You cannot install the software without first accepting the terms of the license agreement. 6. The default destination folder is C:\Program Files\Intergraph\<product name>, where <product name> reflects the program name and version. To install the software in another location, click Change.
13
Installation
8. Select the license type that you have. If you are using a network ESL key, select the key color. If you are using SmartPlant License Manager, select the SPLM license option. You must install SmartPlant License Manager on this computer and configure the license server for TANK to run.
An additional dialog box displays to allow one last chance to exit the installation.
9. Click Install to install the software using the parameters that you have defined.
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10. After the TANK files have been installed, the HASP device driver installation starts to install the driver for the hardware lock. Click OK. If you selected SmartPlant License Manager as your license type, you are not prompted to install the HASP driver. Skip to step 11.
After successfully installing the HASP device driver, the following dialog box displays. If this dialog does not display, installation of the driver was not successful and the software will not run.
15
Installation
11. Select Show the readme file to view the readme.doc file.
Command
Cmd= setup.exe /v"/qb PROPERTY_NAME="value" PROPERTY_NAME2="Value"" The /v switch is to pass msi commands The /qb is a silent switch
Example:
This example installs silently with ESL color green. Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Green"" This example installs silently with ESL color red and ESL install locally. Setup.exe /v"/qb INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes""
Properties
INSTALLDIR - The path to load the installation files. <target_dir>
16
Installation
ESL_COLOR - The ESL color. Red Green ESL_ON_MACHINE - This is only set if ESL color is red which is if the ESL will be on local machine or server) Yes No INSTALL_SILENT - Is to tell the install it's silent Yes No
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Installation
Identifying Builds
When posted on the Web, builds are identified with the program identifier and the date the build was generated. Builds have a naming convention that resembles the following format: <TK>7.x<date>.exe. The file name format consists of a two character program abbreviation, the version indicator, and the build date. After the file has been downloaded and installed, the build date displays at the bottom right side of the Main menu, and also displays when you click Help > About.
Announcing Builds
When a build becomes available, all users who have registered the software are sent an email announcement. It is therefore imperative that you register the software following installation.
Obtaining Builds
Builds are posted to the website (http://www.coade.com). The builds are arranged in sub-directories by program. Each file contained in the directory includes a description defining what it contains, its size, and the date it was created. Determine which build file you need and download it.
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Installation
Installing Builds
The Build file is an InstallShield update package. Simply double-click the build file (the exe), follow any prompts, and the software installation will update appropriately.
Detecting/Checking Builds
When a build is ready to be released, the Main menu module is revised to reflect the build level. This allows you to see, on the Main Program menu, which build is in use. To see which program modules have been modified, you can run a COADE utility program from within the program directory. From the Utility > Tools menu, click COADE EXE Scanner. This option scans each of the EXE modules in the program directory and lists its size, memory requirements, and build bevel. A sample display from this utility is shown in the figure below.
Figure 2: Build Version Dialog Box Reviewing this table shows which modules have been patched and to what level.
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Installation
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SECTION 3
Program Configuration
Through the configuration program, you can configure program computations and databases. The configuration program can be started directly from the Main menu by selecting Tools > Configuration. The first task of this module is to locate an existing setup file to use as a starting template. The program first looks for an existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is not found in the current directory, the configuration file from the program installation directory is used. After the template configuration file has been read, the program displays its menu, shown in the Figure below.
Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) (on page 22) Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) (on page 24)
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Program Configuration
22
Program Configuration
Increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively, increase the iteration limit. Cosine Curve Iteration Limit - Specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by the program during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems exist with the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit to possibly converge. Increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer. Wind Girder Shell Thickness - Indicates which shell course thickness the program uses in the wind girder computations. There are two choices as detailed below: MAX - The wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses, obtained from the design and test cases, IGNORING corrosion. The reasoning behind this setting is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded. DESIGN - The wind girder computation routine uses the DESIGN thickness less any user specified corrosion allowance. Shell Settlement Method - Indicates which method should be used in computing the optimum cosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are: FOURIER SERIES - Implements the procedure outlined in the paper Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion, by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980. LEAST SQUARES - Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosine curve. Thickness Roundup to Nearest - Specifies a thickness increment which is used to determine the final value of the shell thicknesses. THE COMPUTED VALUE OF THICKNESS IS ROUNDED UP TO THE NEAREST MULTIPLE OF THE INCREMENT. For example, if this directive is set to 0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, the final value reported will be 0.375 inches. Setting this directive to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shell thickness are reported unaltered in the output. Plate Material Density - Specifies the value to be used for the density of the plate materials. This value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates. Round Anchor Bolts By - Specifies how anchor bolts are selected by the program. By default, the number of bolts will be a multiple of 4. However, by changing this directive any multiple can be selected. The value entered here must be a whole number, such as 2, 3, 4, and so on. Wind Moment in Appendix F - Specifies which wind moment is to be used in the computations of Appendix F. By default the program will use the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in Appendix F computations. However, if necessary, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11 can be used. The wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity) is used for the wind girder design; the wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over Turning Stability. This directive only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the allowed pressure in Section F.4.2. Reload last file at startup - Enables the program to reload the last data file active during the last TANK session. Clearing this directive causes the program to startup without data. In this condition, the user must create a new input file or browse to open an existing input file. Save to Program Directory - If cleared (the default condition), the configuration file is written to the current data directory. Alternatively, selecting this option causes the configuration file to be written to the program directory. When a job file's input is saved, the current configuration is becomes a part of the input. Subsequent changes to the configuration do not change an existing job unless the input is resaved.
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Program Configuration
Different data directories can exist for different projects or clients. Each data directory can contain its own configuration file, which may be unique. This allows the program to behave differently for different projects or clients. If a data directory does not contain a configuration file, the settings from the configuration file in the program directory are used. Whenever the configuration module is invoked in a new data directory, the starting settings are also acquired from the configuration file in the program directory.
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SECTION 4
Quick Start
This section provides instructions on how to get TANK running without reading the entire manual. It is assumed, that the program has been properly installed and configured. For more information, see Installation (on page 11) and Program Configuration (on page 21).
Starting TANK
Start TANK by selecting TANK from the Start menu or the desktop icon. The main menu is the control center from which jobs can be selected, defined, analyzed, and reviewed. Use the Edit menu or the toolbar icons to specify or update the input. After the input has been defined, it must be error checked. The error checker validates the data for numeric consistency (such as diameters and thicknesses must be positive), and to enforce and API code requirements (such as thicknesses cannot be less than the course above). If there are errors in the input data, analysis is prohibited - you must correct these errors before proceeding. Warning messages are acceptable to the program - you should ensure that warning messages are acceptable to the current tank analysis. For more information on the error checker, see Error Checking (on page 83). Assuming that error checking completed successfully, an intermediate data file is created for analysis; and control is returned to the main menu. From here, select Analyze Only to start the analysis module. The analysis module displays the program execution screen which monitors the status of the solution. Upon completion of the analysis, a solution data file is created and control is again returned to the main menu. After a solution data file is available, you can select one of the Output menu options.
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Quick Start
The analysis does not have to be re-run (unless the input data changes) prior to each output review session. As long as the job input parameters remain fixed, the output module can be launched as many times as required to interactively review the results or generate reports.
Figure 4: Output Control Dialog Box When you are finished reviewing the output, quit the output processor. Focus then returns to the Main menu. The steps outlined above are summarized below. 1. From the Start menu, click TANK. 2. Select a job, either new or old. 3. Define the input data. The error checker is launched from the Analysis menu. 4. Analyze the input data by selecting Analysis > Analyze Only. 5. Select an option from the Output menu to review the analysis results and generate output reports.
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SECTION 5
Figure 5: Main Menu The menu options allow input data definition, analysis, output review, configuration, utility tools, diagnostics, and help. The toolbar buttons are primarily concerned with the input options, but also include output review (both text and graphics), the Material Database editor, and ESL review. The Main menu contains all of the options available in TANK. The options are arranged in groups, corresponding to the major topics on the menu.
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Figure 7: Input Menu The input options are discussed in detail in TANK Input (on page 39). Upon completion of the input, the Analysis Menu should be used to verify and/or analyze the job.
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Error Check - Starts the error checker. TANK will not analyze a job until the input has been successfully error checked. If the input data successfully passes the error checker, an analysis file for the job is written, with a .TKE suffix. Details of the error checker can be found in Error Checking (on page 83). Analyze - Starts the solution module, which produces the output file for the job. The analysis module performs the solution step, either designing a tank or re-rating a tank, based on your input parameters. The Analyze option is deactivated until the .TKE file is written by the error checker.
Figure 8: Solution Phase Status Dialog Box Each solution step required for a particular job is enabled in bold text. Steps not required are disabled, (grayed out). As each phase is completed, an asterisk is placed to the left of the task description. The start-up of the analysis processor is dependent on the data file created by the error checker. If the verified problem data, written to the .TKE file, cannot be located, the analysis module aborts with a fatal error message and control returns to the Main menu. This usually indicates that either error checking was not performed, or the input data contained errors and no .TKE file was generated. In any event, the analysis phase cannot commence without the verified input data. For more information on the analysis processor, see Analysis/Solution Phase (on page 87). Error Check and Analyze - Starts the error checker, and if the input passes the error checker, automatically starts the solution module. Control is returned to the user on the output review control panel.
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Figure 9: Output Menu These options allow a variety of output reports to be created, in multiple units systems if necessary. Overwrite Reports - Creates a new set of output reports, in the current units system, completely replacing any existing reports. Append Reports - Generates a new set of reports, in the current units system, at the end of the last set of reports. Review Latest Reports - Displays the output review control panel. Local Graphics - Starts the graphics processor. This processor shows the results of the analysis graphically. Nozzle load interaction diagrams, shell settlement graphs, and supported cone roof designs can be viewed in this manner. For more information on output processing, see Local Graphics Output (on page 91). Time Stamp - Specifies the time / date stamp for report headers. If this data is not specified, the current CPU time and date are used.
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Figure 12: CRC Check Dialog Box Build Version Checker - Scans each of the program modules and reports its internal version number. This utility is useful in determining if the current installation is up-to-date with any modifications available. This option also aids in detecting out of date modules and improper program installations. This utility presents the information dialog as shown in the following figure. This display is initially presented sorted alphabetically by program/module name. However, clicking on any of the column titles will re-sort the display according to the selected column.
Figure 13: Build Version Dialog Box Error Review Module - Allows the user to review the explanation for a particular error number. Should a fatal error occur, the software attempts to invoke this module automatically. However, if
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Figure 16: ESL Information Display Dialog Box Click Log File to create a .TXT file of the information, suitable for transmission to Intergraph via fax or e-mail. The actual file name will be ESLxxxxx.TXT, where xxxxx is the ID number of the ESL. The file will reside in the programs \system folder. Occasionally, some of this date may require updating in the field. These updates encompass changes requested by the client, usually to extend limits, reset a date, or change the client name. The first two options of the ESL menu facilitate this task. Phone Update - Starts an interactive procedure, generating data for the user, and accepting instructions from the user. This interactive procedure requires the assistance of Intergraph personnel, to interact with the user on the telephone. Generate Fax Codes - Displays a dialog box with three numeric codes. These codes should be transmitted to Intergraph (either by fax or e-mail) with a request for exactly what ESL data should be modified. This option is similar to the phone update option, except that it does not require the interaction of Intergraph personnel. Receive and Enter Fax Codes - Displays a grid on which you can specify each set of four numeric codes, as generated by the Intergraph support staff. Each needed change to the ESL requires one set of four numeric codes. Each set of four codes should be entered on a single
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Figure 19: Help Window Typically, the HTML help system will be launched during a data input session, when additional information is required for a particular input item. In this case, pressing F1 displays the help system, with the selected topic displayed in the viewing (right hand) pane. After you have started the HTML help system, you can browse any other topic simply by navigating through the left hand pane. Additionally, the Search tab can be used to scan for a particular word or phrase. The Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis is provided in on-line HTML format. The entire manual can be reviewed from this menu option. Online Documentation - Starts your PDF reader for review of the Intergraph TANK API 650/653 Analysis. This document is maintained in PDF format and is installed with the software. If you want a complete hard copy of this manual should print the PDF, instead of the HTML version. Animated Tutorials - Starts the tutorials that accompany the software. Use these tutorials to assist with understanding how to use the software. Tip of the Day - Displays the next tip, normally shown at program start-up. The Tip of the Day is a collection of informative points about the software, normally presented at program start-up. This display dialog also includes a check box to disable the automatic display of the tips at start-up. Info - Displays a dialog box containing Intergraph contact information. The bottom half of this dialog box contains links to Intergraphs website and an e-mail activation.
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SECTION 6
TANK Input
The first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file which describes the characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file, with a unique job name, for each configuration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored in this input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a .TKI suffix. The input process can be started by selecting any option from the Input menu, or by clicking the desired toolbar icons.
Figure 20: Input Menu TANK separates the input data into logical categories. Each category addresses a specific code requirement on design task. Of all these various groups, the General Tank Data group is required in all cases, for all tanks. Each of these groups is discussed briefly below, then in detail in the remaining sections of this chapter. Title Page - Provides the ability to describe, in words, the tank being studied. This editing buffer is 75 characters in width by 60 lines in length. Details of the TANK Title Page are discussed in Section 6.1. Use of this dialog is optional, but is highly recommended. The tool bar icons associated with this option are: Displays the Title Page dialog. Restores the title page to its default.
39
TANK Input
Activates the General Tank Data dialog. As mentioned above, data must be provided on this dialog for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the number of courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specific gravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the desired code. For more information, see General Tank Data Dialog Box (on page 42). Activates the Roof Specification Parameters dialog. This dialog provides for the input of roof descriptive parameters. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix F, and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box (on page 53). Activates the Seismic Data Specifications dialog. This dialog is used to describe the seismic parameters associated with the tank location. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix E. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box (on page 63). Activates the Grillage Review dialog. This dialog is used to specify the grillage parameters. The specifics of this computation can be found in API-650 Appendix I, Section I.7. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Grillage Review Dialog Box (on page 65). Activates the Nozzle Stiffness dialog. This dialog allows the specification of up to fifteen low nozzles on the tank. The computations that use this data can be found in API-650 Appendix P. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box (on page 66). Activates the Appendix M Cycle Life Data specification. This data is used in the procedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number of fill-empty cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Cycle Life Data Dialog Box (on page 69). Activates the Appendix V External Pressure dialog. This data is used to determine the external pressure capacity of the tank. For more information, see API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box (on page 70). Activates the Shell Settlement Data dialog. This data is used in the procedures outlined in API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement of the tank shell. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Shell Settlement Data (on page 71). Activates the API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog. For more information, see API-653 Service Measurement Data (on page 72). Activates the API-2000 Venting Data dialog. This data is used to determine the necessary venting for in-breathing, out-breathing, and fire. For more information, see API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box (on page 76). Activates the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This Scratch-pad allows the user to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. For more information, see Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad (on page 78). Launches the computation engine for the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratch-pad dialog. This option is only active after data has been entered on the Scratch-pad.
40
TANK Input
Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the Scratch-pad, to the General Data dialog. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design. As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to a file. With TANK, users can save the input by using the File menu, or by clicking the Diskette icon. We suggest that the input be manually saved frequently during any extended editing session. Beginning an analysis will also save the data (automatically), but it is always best to be on the safe side and save the data yourself too.
Figure 21: Title Page Dialog Box The buffer to store the data for this page is sized for 60 lines of 75 characters. If necessary, this dialog can be scrolled to view any additional lines. Standard Windows editing functions are available on this dialog. The Input > Title Page menu option provides two sub-options. The first displays the title page, the second replaces the title page contents with a default title page, found in the file TITLE.HED. The default title page can also be loaded by clicking on the toolbar.
41
TANK Input
Figure 22: Tank Data Tab The options on the Tank Data tab allow you to specify the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, a descriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display to the right of the input cell.
42
TANK Input
The input for Default Shell Course Material is a general field, used as the default for all individual shell courses. The [] button to the right of the input cell displays a context menu which allows entry into the active Material Database or the manual modification of the properties for the specified material. This context menu is shown below.
Figure 23: Material Context Menu If you click Database on this context menu, the software displays the Material Selection dialog box (shown below), in which you can select any valid material from the active database.
43
TANK Input
Alternatively, you can also click Tools > Configuration to select or change the active database.
Figure 24: Material Selection Dialog Box If you click Edit Properties in the context menu, the software displays the Material Properties dialog box (shown below), which you can use to override or modify the properties retrieved from the database for a particular tank.
44
TANK Input
The material and its properties specified on the Shell Courses tab are used as default values for all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, if necessary, on a course-by-course basis. The Shell Courses tab displays a grid where the height, thickness, corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be specified for each shell course.
Figure 26: Shell Courses Tab The design and test stress values for the specified material are normally acquired from the Material Database. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on the Tank Data tab. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different material, or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user. When you right-click the Material cell, the software displays the Material context menu, as described previously. For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the program fills in the Sd and St values. For stainless steels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials, the allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog. For stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual value used in the calculations is reported in the output.
45
TANK Input
The Wind Details tab is used to define detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these times are not defined, TANK will use the recommended API 650 defaults.
Figure 27: Wind Details Tab The Anchor Bolt Details tab is used to define the data necessary for the program to design anchorage, if necessary. API-650 Section 5.12 defines a number of different cases which must be evaluated (depending on the tank), and may result in the design of required anchorage. The Anchor Bolt Diameter and Number of Anchor Bolts fields are optional inputs. The Bolt Allowable Stress option is no longer used (as of API-650 10th Edition Addendum 3), but is maintained for compatibility with existing TANK input files.
46
TANK Input
4 Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof Design Method - Enables you to specify the preferred method of evaluating the shell course thickness requirements. Use the following table below to the appropriate entry for this line. ENTRY V O A MEANING The software uses the Variable design method The software uses the One-Foot design method The software uses the Appendix A design method
This entry also determines which method is used to compute the allowed fluid heights. Run Objective - Enables you to specify whether the software should analyze the tank based on your input, or design the necessary parameters to satisfy the API code. The setting of this input field is important because it affects all computations following the shell course thickness evaluation. If you select D, or Design mode, subsequent calculations for wind girders, seismic, and internal pressure will all use the larger of the design or test thicknesses. If you select A, or Analyze mode, subsequent calculations use the user-specified course thicknesses. The computed thicknesses for the design and test cases are reported for information purposes only. A message to this affect is included in the output report when Analyze mode is selected. Design Temperature - Enter the design temperature in the indicated units. API-650 limits the design temperature to 200 deg F/ 93 deg C. If the design temperature exceeds this limit, but is less than 500 deg F/ 260 deg C, then the rules of Appendix M are applied. Design temperatures in excess of 500 deg F/ 352 deg C cause a fatal error. If the value of the design temperature is changed, the software automatically implements a routine to interpolate the data from API-650 Table P-1. The resulting values of modulus and expansion coefficient are inserted into the Nozzle dialog box. Design Pressure at Top - Enter the design pressure in the indicated units. API-650, Appendix F, limits the design pressure to 2.5 psi / 17.2 kPa.
47
TANK Input
Tank Nominal Diameter (D) - Enter the diameter of the tank. As per API-650, the software assumes the tank diameter is the centerline diameter of the bottom shell course plates. Tank Shell Height (HTK) - Enter the total height of the tank shell. This value should be the sum of the individual course heights, and is used in the wind load computations. Design Liquid Level (H) - Enter the height of the design liquid level. This is the height from the tank bottom to the top of the shell or to the bottom of any overflow device. Liquid Specific Gravity (G) - Enter the specific gravity of the fluid. Note, this value is used only in the Design case. The software automatically uses a specific gravity of 1.0 for the Hydrotest case. Distance Down to the Top Wind Girder - Enter the distance from the top of the tank shell to the location of the top wind girder. If the top wind girder is at the top of the shell, this value should be entered as zero. If the top wind girder is below the top of the tank, such as for a walk-way, enter the actual distance. Weight Attachments & Structures - Enter the total weight of the attachments and structures on the roof and shell which should be considered to resist uplift and in the maximum allowed pressure computation. Joint Efficiency (App A or 653) [E] - As per Appendix A.3.4, the joint efficiency should be either 0.85 or 0.70. API-653 Section 2.3.3 also utilizes this value of joint efficiency. No other computations use this value, so the default of 1.0 can be left alone for variable point and one foot API-650 calculations. API-653 2nd Edition provides Table 2-1 for weld joint efficiencies if the original E value is unknown. This table is reproduced as follows: Standard API-650 Edition & Year 7th & Later (1980-Present) Joint Type Butt Butt Butt 1st - 6th (1961-1978) API-12C 14th & 15th (1957-1958) 3rd-13th (1940-1956) 1st & 2nd (1936-1939) Butt Butt Butt Lap (a) Butt (c) Lap (a) Lap (b) Butt (c) Unknown Lap (a) Lap (b) Butt (c) Lap (d) Joint Efficiency E 1.00 0.85 0.70 0.85 1.00 0.85 0.75 0.85 0.70 0.50 + k/5 0.85 0.70 0.50 + k/5 0.85 0.35 7/16 inch max t 1/4 inch max t 7/16 inch max t 1/4 inch max t 3/8 inch max t Applicability or Limits Basic Standard Appendix A - Spot RT Appendix A - No RT Basic Standard Appendices D&G
48
TANK Input
(a) (b) (c) Full double lap welded. Full fillet weld with at least 25% intermittent full fillet opposite side: k = percent of intermittent weld expressed in decimal form. Single butt-welded joints with a back-up bar were permitted from the years of 1936 to 1940 and 1948 to 1954.
(d) Single lap welded only. Wind Velocity - Enter the wind velocity acting on the tank. Due consideration should be given to Section 5.9.7.1a. The standard is a 120 mile per hour (53.6 m/sec) wind but may be increased to account for additional tank height, wind gust, internal pressure, or open-top tanks. Several configuration directives control how the wind pressure is computed and applied to the tank. These directives are as follows: Roof Projection in Wind Moment - Turns on an off wind loads on the roof. 10% Plus 5psf in Wind Moment - Which is the basic wind moment definition as per Section 5.9.7. Section 5.11 Wind Pressure - Defines the wind pressure to be used for Section 5.11 stability. Default Shell Material - This field displays the material name. To properly access a valid material name and its properties, right-click and select Database in the context menu to display the Material Database Selection screen. Alternatively, left-click the ... to display the same context menu. After a valid material is selected, its allowable stresses, yield strength, tensile strength, grade, and group are acquired from the database for subsequent software use. The data specified here is assumed to pertain to the entire tank. If the material varies over the shell courses, this data may be specified using the Shell Course Materials dialog box. Number of Shell Courses - Enter the number of shell courses in the tank. This entry is used to check the shell course input and control the shell course generation if necessary. Insulation Thickness - Enter the thickness of the insulation on the tank shell. The insulation is assumed to extend from the bottom of course #1 to the top of the last (top) course. Insulation Density - Enter the density of the tank insulation. Include Annular Base Plate Details - If the tank will have an annular base ring, check this checkbox. If the tank will not have an annular base ring, uncheck this checkbox. Include Wind Moment in Appendix F 4.2 Calculations - As of API-650 9th Edition, the equation for the maximum allowed pressure in Section F.4.2 includes a wind moment term. A later code interpretation makes the use of this wind moment term optional. To include the wind moment term, check this checkbox. To ignore the wind moment term (as in the 8th Edition), uncheck this checkbox. Entire Shell Course Evaluation - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, activate this button if the shell thickness calculation is for the entire shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a, which deducts 1-foot from the fluid height. This deduction only occurs if the 1 foot method is in use. Local Area Shell Only - As per API-653 Section 4.3.3.1, select this option if the shell thickness calculation is for a local area of the shell course. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.b, which does not deduct 1-foot from the fluid height.
49
TANK Input
50
TANK Input
51
TANK Input
Basic Major Diameter (in) 3.2500 3.5000 3.7500 4.0000 Threads per Inch 4 4 4 4
Bolt Allowable Stress - Prior to Addendum 3 of the 10th edition of API-650, the bolt allowable stress was required input. As of this addendum, the bolt allowable is determined for various load cases as specified in Section 5.12. As a result, this value is no longer used, but is maintained for compatibility with older input files. Number of Anchor Bolts - For evaluation of an existing anchorage, enter the number of anchor bolts for evaluation of an existing anchorage. If the software redesigns the anchorage, the number of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in the configuration. Bolt Yield Stress - Enter the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. This is a required entry that is used in the event that the software must design an anchorage. Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter - Enter the offset from the mean tank diameter to the anchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If this value is left blank, an offset of 0.0 is used. The software internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diameter value. Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance - Enter the value of the corrosion allowance to be considered when sizing the anchor bolts. API-650, Section F.7.4 requires a corrosion allowance of at least 0.25 inches.
52
TANK Input
Figure 29: General Roof Specs Tab Whenever a tank has a roof to be design, the top half of this dialog must be filled out. This section of data defines in general terms the overall geometry of the roof. At this point, a decision must be made as to whether a simple approximation will be made, or a supported cone roof will be designed. The approximation requires the specification of the remaining data on the General Root Specs tab. This data is used in further analysis, such as seismic analysis, wind over turning, and maximum allowed pressure. The Net Area Scratchpad (F.2) can be used to quickly determine the value for the Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction on the left side of the dialog box. Note that this is a scratchpad. Data entered in these fields will not be saved. To use this scratchpad, define the required data according to the required Figure (a-k), and then click Compute. The computed area value will be inserted into the Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction box. Details of the scratchpad input fields are discussed below.
53
TANK Input
If instead, a supported cone roof is to be designed, then the bottom half of General Root Specs tab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design should be specified on Supported Cone Root Data tab. This tab, shown below, displays the parameters used in the roof design.
Figure 30: Supported Cone Roof Data Tab The parameters necessary for the proper design of a supported cone roof include: the desired cross section type for rafters, girders, and columns, the material for the cross sections and roof plate, and the maximum allowed length for the rafters and girders. The allowed cross sections vary, depending on the active structural library. The help system provides guidance here, in the usage of the various structural types, and in the available cross sections. For the structural and roof plate materials, the [] button may be used to bring up the context menu which allows selection from the Material Database.
54
TANK Input
Providing all of the data shown allows TANK to design a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girder rings according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If however, alternate positioning is desired, the design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Rings tab.
Figure 31: Girder Rings Tab This grid is used to specify the location of each girder ring, and how many girders make up the ring. If this information is specified, then the members are sized only, as the number of girder rings, column rings, and rafter rings is known.
2 3 4
5 Self-Supporting Umbrella Roof For supported cone roofs, the software can design the rafters, columns and girders. For rafter supported cone roofs, the software can design the rafters. All other roof types are considered solely for their weight effects on shell. Angle Between Roof & Horizontal - Enter the angle between the roof and a horizontal plane at the roof-shell junction.
55
TANK Input
Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction - Enter the area resisting the compressive force. For details, refer to API-650 Figure F-2. Thickness of Roof Plate - Enter the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value should include the corrosion allowance, if any. Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance - Enter the corrosion allowance to be considered when determining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. This value will be subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness. Roof Live Load - Enter the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates. According to API-650 5.10.2.1, this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The dead load of the roof will be computed by the software and combined with the live load to determine the total roof load. Weight of Snow on Roof - Enter the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered in API-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used. Weight of Roof Plates - Enter the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. TANK will determine the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value is greater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, the computed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be used (unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computed roof plate weight is always used. Weight of Roof Framing - Enter the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used. % of Weights Supported by Shell - Enter the percentage of the roof and snow weights that are to be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, TANK will determine the % of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.
Scratchpad
The data entered here is not saved. This input area of the dialog is a scratchpad. After the data has been defined, click Compute. The TANK input processor uses the specified data and computes the net area at the roof shell junction and updates this data field on the left-hand side of the dialog box. Figure (a-k) - Select the desired cross section, corresponding sketches a through k from API-650 Figure F.2. Thickness of Shell Plate (tc) - Since the analysis hasnt been performed, an estimate of the thickness of the top shell plate is required. Specify this estimate in the tc field. After the analysis, the computed top course thickness should replace the estimate specified here so that the correct area can be used in the roof calculations. Thickness of Angle Leg (ta) - Specify the angle thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an angle. Thickness of Bar (tb) - If the selected sketch (a-k) includes a bar, specify the bar thickness in this field. Thickness of thicker Plate (ts) - Specify the thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes a thickened region of the top shell course.
56
TANK Input
Unstiffened Angle Length (Le) - Specify the un-stiffened angle leg if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an angle. Minimum Yield Strength (Fy) - Specify the minimum yield strength of all of the materials in the selected sketch.
Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box)
Preferred Rafter Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof rafters. The roof rafter locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC: DESCRIPTOR W WT S C DC DI P AISC SHAPE Wide Flange Structural Tee Standard I Beam Channel Double Channel Double Wide Flange Pipe USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column columns only columns only columns only
For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR W C SHAPE Wide Flange Channel USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
57
TANK Input
DESCRIPTOR M SHAPE Standard I Beam USAGE rafter, girder, column
For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC T C SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns Structural Tee Channel USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR I U T SHAPE I-Beams Channel Structural Tee USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR IP HP CP SHAPE I-Beams Wide flange beams Channels, parallel USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
CT Channels, taper rafter, girder, column Preferred Girder Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof girders. The roof girder locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.
58
TANK Input
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC: DESCRIPTOR W WT S C DC DI P AISC SHAPE Wide Flange Structural Tee Standard I Beam Channel Double Channel Double Wide Flange Pipe USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column columns only columns only columns only
For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR W C M SHAPE Wide Flange Channel Standard I Beam USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC T SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns Structural Tee USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
59
TANK Input
DESCRIPTOR C SHAPE Channel USAGE rafter, girder, column
For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR I U T SHAPE I-Beams Channel Structural Tee USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections DESCRIPTOR IP HP CP SHAPE I-Beams Wide flange beams Channels, parallel USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
CT Channels, taper rafter, girder, column Preferred Column Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof columns. The roof column locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.
60
TANK Input
For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC: DESCRIPTOR W WT S C DC DI P AISC SHAPE Wide Flange Structural Tee Standard I Beam Channel Double Channel Double Wide Flange Pipe USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column columns only columns only columns only
For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR W C M SHAPE Wide Flange Channel Standard I Beam USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC T C SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns Structural Tee Channel USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR I U T SHAPE I-Beams Channel Structural Tee USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR UB UC SHAPE Universal Beams Universal Columns USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
61
TANK Input
For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR IP HP CP CT SHAPE I-Beams Wide flange beams Channels, parallel Channels, taper USAGE rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column rafter, girder, column
Roof Plate Material - This cell allows entry into the material database from which a material for the roof plates can be selected. The material database can be entered (activated) by clicking the [...] button. Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress - This cell contains the value used as the allowable design stress for the roof plates. This value is automatically filled in when the Roof Plate Material is specified. Structural Member Material - This cell allows entry into the material database from which a material for the structural members can be selected. The material database can be entered activated by clicking the [...] button. Structural Member Allowable Design Stress - This cell contains the value used as the allowable design stress for the structural members. This value is automatically filled in when the Structural Member Material is specified. For compliance with API-650 Section 3.10.3.4, this value should not exceed 20000 psi (137895 kpa). Maximum Allowed Rafter Length - Enter the maximum length allowed for the rafters. This value is used to determine the radii to the various girder rings. Typical values for this cell are 20.0 to 24.0 feet (6.1 to 7.3 meters). In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns. Maximum Allowed Girder Length - Enter the maximum length allowed for the girders. This value is used to determine how many girders are required for each girder ring. Typical values for this cell are 24.0 to 30.0 feet /7.3 to 9.1 meters. In the design of the supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The ends of the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not exceed the maximum user specified value. The girders are supported by columns. Center Column Cap Plate Diameter - Enter the diameter of the center column cap plate if necessary. If this cell is left blank, a value of zero will be used.
62
TANK Input
63
TANK Input
64
TANK Input
Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period (Sa*) - Defines Sa*, which is the 5% damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at any period based on site-specific procedures, %g.
Figure 33: Grillage Review Dialog Box The data acquired from this dialog is used in the computations of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7. Modulus of Elasticity of Bottom Plate - Enter the value of the elastic modulus to be used for the bottom plate. Corrosion Allowance Added to Bottom Plate - Enter the corrosion allowance to be added to the bottom plate thickness. If left blank, this value defaults to zero. Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate. Nominal Thickness of Bottom Plate - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate. This value is may be left blank if the grillage spacing is entered. In this case, the software computes the required thickness of the bottom plate. As stated in API-650 5.4.1, bottom plates should have a minimum thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35mm). This value should correspond to the value entered on the Seismic Data spreadsheet. If a value is entered here, you are prompted to verify whether the same value should also be used on the Seismic Data spreadsheet. Maximum Allowed Spacing - Enter the maximum allowed spacing (center-to-center between adjacent or radial grillage members). This value is optional. If a value is entered, leave the bottom plate thickness blank so the software can compute it.
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TANK Input
Figure 34: Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box The data acquired from this dialog box is used to implement the rules of API-650 Appendix P. Whenever the tank temperature value in the General Tank Data dialog box (on page 42) is changed, the Modulus of Elasticity and Expansion Coefficient values are automatically updated. These values are obtained by interpolating the data provided in Table P-1 of API-650. If you check Use PVP-1279, TANK uses an alternate method to compute the nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate procedure is detailed in PVP-1279 and is valid for smaller tanks. Nozzle Designation / Number - Defines a descriptive tag or number of the current nozzle. This cell is restricted to 4 characters and can contain letters and/or digits. Example entries for this cell are listed as follows: NZ1 NZ2 NZ3 Nozzle Height above Bottom Plate - Enter the height of the nozzle centerline above the bottom plate. Nozzle Outer Diameter - Enter the outer diameter of the nozzle. NA0A PGLG
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TANK Input
Delta Temperature - Enter the difference between the normal operating temperature and the installation temperature. Modulus of Elasticity - Enter the modulus of elasticity. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1, reproduced as follows: Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi) 70 200 300 400 29.5E6 28.8E6 28.3E6 27.7E6 Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F) 6.67E-6 6.87E-6 7.07E-6
500 27.3E6 7.25E-6 The value of elastic modulus is automatically defined by the software when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary. If the bottom shell course is specified as Stainless Steel, then the modulus value for Table P-1 is not used. Instead, the modulus value is obtained from Table S-6: : Design Temp (deg F) 100. 200. 300. 400. Modulus (psi) 28.0E6 27.4E6 26.6E6 26.1E6
500. 25.2E6 Expansion Coefficient - Enter the value of the thermal expansion coefficient. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1and are reproduced as follows: Design Temp (deg F) Modulus (psi) 70. 200. 300. 400. 500. 29.5E6 28.8E6 28.3E6 27.7E6 27.3E6 Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F) 6.67E-6 6.87E-6 7.07E-6 7.25E-6 Thermal Expansion (mm/mm/deg C) 12.0 12.4 12.7 13.1
Design Temp (deg C) Modulus (MPa) 20. 90. 150. 200. 260. 203000 199000 195000 191000 188000
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TANK Input
The value of expansion coefficient is automatically defined by the software (using internal, English, units) when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary. Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle? - Indicates where the nozzle reinforcement is located. This entry is used to interpolate among the charts in API-650 Appendix P. If reinforcing on the shell is indicated, Appendix P makes the following assumptions: The reinforcing pad thickness is equal to the shell thickness. The pad diameter is twice the nozzle diameter. These assumptions are implicit in the curves presented in Appendix P and are automatically considered by the software. Nozzle RePad Thickness - Defines the thickness of the nozzle reinforcing pad if it exists and whether it should be considered in the computations. API-650 Appendix P offers no guidance on how reinforcing pads should be handled. If you specify a pad thickness, it will be used to increase the thickness of the tank shell in all Appendix P computations. Nozzle Weight - Enter the weight of this nozzle. The value you enter will be used in all weight computations involving the shell. Applied External Radial Force - Enter the value of any applied radial force, acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Applied External Circumferential Moment - Enter the value of any applied external circumferential moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Applied External Longitudinal Moment - Enter the value of any applied external longitudinal moment acting on the nozzle. The value you enter will be used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Use PVP-1279 - Enabling this option allows TANK to utilize an alternate method to compute nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate method is based on PVP (Pressure Vessel and Piping) paper 1279 - Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, by Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera, Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld. This alternate method is based on the finite element analysis of a number of tanks, resulting in alternate curves and equations for the determination of tank nozzle stiffnesses. Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279 - A value defined in PVP-1279, but not actually used in the computations. RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279 - The outside diameter of the nozzle reinforcing pad, if any. This value is used to determine the vertical distance from the nozzle centerline to the point where the tank bottom has no influence on nozzle stiffness.
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TANK Input
Figure 35: Cycle Life Data Dialog Box Fill Height Difference - Enter the difference in filling height between the full level of the tank and the low level of the tank. Temperature Difference - Enter the difference between the minimum ambient temperature and the tank's maximum operating temperature. Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Enter the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate. Factor B - Enter the foundation factor. This value is: 2.0 for tanks on earth foundations 4.0 for tanks on earth foundations with a concrete ring-wall Factor C - Enter the factor to account for the radial restraint of the tank's shell-to-bottom junction with respect to free thermal expansion. The value for C ranges from a minimum of 0.25 to a maximum of 1.0. The actual design value of C shall be established considering the tank's operating and warm-up procedure and heat transfer to the subgrade. The value of C shall be 0.85 if not specified by the purchaser. Factor K - Enter the stress concentration factor for the bottom plate at the toe of the inside shell-to-bottom fillet weld. K = 4.0 for shell-to-bottom fillet welds and lap-welded bottom plates. K = 2.0 for butt-welded annular plates where the shell-to-bottom fillet welds have been inspected by 100% magnetic particle examination. The magnetic particle examination shall be performed on the root pass at every 1/2 inch / 13mm of deposited weld metal while the weld is being made and on the completed weld. The examination shall be performed before hydrostatic testing.
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TANK Input
Figure 36: API 650 External Pressure Dialog Box Specified External Pressure (PE) - Define the Specified External Pressure Pe. Elastic Modulus of Roof Plate Material - Define the elastic modulus of the roof plate material E. Joint Efficiency of Roof Plate (JEr) - Define the Roof Plate Joint Efficiency - JEr. JEr = 0.35 for single lap welds JEr = 0.70 for double lap welds JEr = 1.00 for butt welds Joint Efficiency of Shell Plate (JEs) - Define the Shell Plate Joint Efficiency - JEs. JEs = 1.00 for shells with full radiography JEs = 0.85 for shells with spot radiography Joint Efficiency of Splice of Stiffener Sections (JEst) - Define the Stiffener Splice Joint Efficiency - JEst. JEst = 1.00 for 100% radiography of all splice welds JEst = 0.85 for spot radiography of selected splice welds JEst = 0.70 for no radiography Allowable Compressive Stress for Bottom Stiffener (Fc) - Define the Bottom Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress - fc. Where fc = 0.4Fy of components considered for the intermediate and bottom stiffeners. However, fc need not be less than 15,000 psi (103 MPa). Allowable Compressive Stress for Top Stiffener (Fc) - Define the Top Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress - fc. Where fc = 0.6Fy of components considered for the top end stiffener region. However, fc need not be less than 20,000 psi (140 MPa).
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TANK Input
Bottom Plate Thickness (Tb) - Enter the thickness of the bottom plate. Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress (f) - Define the Minimum Allowable Tensile Stress - f, of the roof plate material, the shell plate material, and the stiffener ring material at the maximum operating temperature. Roof Dish Radius (R) - Define the Dish Radius of Roof - R. This value is only needed for Dome and Umbrella roofs.
Figure 37: Shell Settlement Data Dialog Box The data from this dialog is used to implement the requirements of API-653, Appendix B. Elastic Modulus for Allowed Settlement - Enter the value of the elastic modulus to be used in the computation of the allowed shell settlement, in API-653 Section B.3.2. If this value is left blank, a default of 29.5E6 psi / 203000 MPa is used. Angle Between Measurements - Enter the distance (in degrees) between adjacent settlement measurement points. This value must be less than 45-degrees. API-653 Appendix B.1.3 requires at least eight points around the circumference of the tank. This limits the entry in this field to a maximum of 45 degrees. Additional data points will reduce the magnitude of this angle. The software performs all computations using all of the specified measurement points. If the number of measurement points is so great as to cause the spacing to fall below 15 feet / 4.6m, use every other point when generating the input. The code limits the spacing between these measurement points (around the circumference of the tank) to 32 feet / 9.8 m. Prior to API-653 2nd Edition Addendum 2, this limit was 30 feet / 9.1m.
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TANK Input
Too many points may lead to an over conservative determination of the out-of-plane deflection limit. Addendum 3 to the 9th Edition of API-653 suggests computing the deflection limit using points spaced at approximately 30 foot / 9.1m intervals. Additional details on this subject can be found in Out of Plane Settlement of Cylindrical Tanks by Erdmann and Yeigh, Hydrocarbon Engineering, May 1999 and the text by Phil Meyers, Above Ground Storage Tanks. Elevation - Enter the elevation of the shell bottom at this measurement point on the circumference of the tank.
Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
The Bottom, Post 3rd Ed. tab is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate according to Section 4.4.7.1 of the 3rd Edition of API-653.
Figure 38: Bottom Post 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
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TANK Input
Minimum remaining thickness from bottom side corrosion after repairs (RTbc) - As per API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from the bottom side corrosion, after repairs. Minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion after repairs (RTip) - As per API-653 Section 4.4.7.1, enter the value of the minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion, after repairs. Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years). Maximum rate of corrosion not repaired on the top side (StPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum internal pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is internally lined (per API RP 652), this value should be specified as 0.0. Maximum Undesirable Pitting Rate (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651), then this value should be specified as 0.0.
Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
The Bottom, Pre 3rd Ed. tab is used to define the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate, according to Section 2.4.7.1 of previous editions of API-653.
Figure 39: Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) All values to be entered on this dialog box are defined, and include the corresponding code nomenclature (from earlier editions of the code). This dialog box is included to maintain backwards compatibility with previous versions of TANK and earlier editions of the code. Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa) - Enter the average depth of the internal pitting of the bottom plates. This value is measured from the original thickness. Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm) - Enter the maximum depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates. Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa) - Enter the average depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates.
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TANK Input
Original Plate Thickness (To) - Enter the original thickness of the bottom plates. This value should correspond to the bottom plate thickness entered on the Seismic Data Specifications dialog box (on page 63) and the Grillage Review dialog box (on page 65), if specified. Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area (GCa) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the average depth of the generally corroded area, (GCa). Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum rate of general corrosion, on a yearly basis. Max Depth Internal Pitting After Repair (StPm) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum depth of internal pitting remaining in the bottom plates after repairs are completed. This value is measured from the original thickness. Maximum Internal Pitting Rate ( StPr) - Enter the maximum rate of corrosion not repaired in top side (StPr). StPr = 0 for coated areas of the bottom. The expected life of the coating must equal r or exceed O to use StPr = 0. Maximum rate of corrosion on the bottom side (UPr) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the maximum underside pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651) this value should be specified as 0.0. Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - As per API-653 Section 2.4.7.1, enter the value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years).
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TANK Input
Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box)
The Manual Shell Course Specification tab is used to define the location of the critical length L, the inspection values of t1 and t2, and a joint efficiency for each shell course. Additionally, controls are provided to indicate which of these data entries should be considered in the current analysis.
Figure 40: Manual Shell Course Specification Tab If the joint efficiency is left blank, the value specified on the General Tank Data dialog box is used. Similarly, if the L location is left blank, the fluid height will be determined from the bottom of the course. If the t1 or t2 values are left blank, they default to the user-specified thickness on the General Tank Data dialog box. Joint Efficiency - Enter the value of the joint efficiency to be used in the thickness computations of this shell course. "L" Location Above Course Bottom - Enter the value that locates the bottom of the "L" region, above the bottom of this course. "L" is the critical length, the maximum vertical length over which the hoop stresses are assumed to "average out" around local discontinuities. In subsequent thickness computations, the fluid height to the design liquid level is measured from the bottom of "L". Lowest Average Thickness - Enter the average thickness in the "L" region. If this value is left blank, it will default to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (see "General Tank Data Dialog Box" on page 42) dialog box. Minimum Thickness - Enter the least thickness in any area of corrosion, exclusive of pits. If this value is left blank, it will default to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (see "General Tank Data Dialog Box" on page 42) dialog box. Use specified shell "L" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified location L will be used in subsequent thickness calculations.
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TANK Input
Enabled Allows the software to use the user-specified values of the location of "L" to be used in determining the height to the maximum design liquid level. When this box is checked, the height value is computed according to API-653 Section 2.3.3.1.
Disabled Causes subsequent computations to ignore the user input values of the location of "L". The thickness computations use a height value measured from the bottom of each course, which produces more conservative (thicker) thicknesses. Use specified shell "E" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified values of individual course joint efficiencies will be used in subsequent computations. Enabled Allows the software to utilize the individual joint efficiencies for each course in any subsequent computations. This may be useful if additional inspections and radiography are performed.
Disabled
Causes the software to ignore the specified values of individual course joint efficiencies. Instead, the computations are made using the joint efficiency specified on the General Tank Data dialog box. Use specified shel "t1/t2" values? - This check box is used to indicate whether or not the user specified values of individual course thicknesses of t1 and t2 should be used in subsequent computations. Enabled Allows the software to perform the thickness checks per API-653 2.3.3.1. Values of t1 or t2 left blank will assume the thickness specified on the General Tank Data dialog box. Prevents the software from performing the thickness checks of API-653 2.3.3.1.
Disabled
Bottom Shell Course as Constructed - Enter in this cell the original thickness of the bottom shell course. This value is used to determine the minimum thickness of the annular base plate, as per API-653 Table 2- 3.
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TANK Input
Emptying Rate - Enter the maximum emptying rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.1.1. Filling Rate - Enter the maximum filling rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.2.1. Liquid Flash Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's flash point. Boiling Point - Enter the temperature of the liquid's boiling point. Environmental Factor - Enter the environmental factor according to Table 4A of API- 2000.
English Units:
Configuration Bare metal tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Concrete or Fireproofing Water-application facilities Depressuring and emptying Underground Storage Earth-covered storage above Grade Impoundment away from tank Conductance 2 (BTU/hr ft F) --4.0 2.0 1.0 0.67 0.50 0.40 0.33 ------------Insulation Thickness (in) 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 ------------F Factor 1.0 0.3 0.15 0.075 0.05 0.375 0.300 0.025 see note C 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.03 0.5
Metric Units:
Configuration Bare metal tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Insulated tank Conductance 2 (Watts/m K) --22.7 11.4 5.7 3.8 2.8 2.3 F Factor Insulation Thickness (cm) 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 1.0 0.3 0.15 0.075 0.05 0.375 0.300
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TANK Input
Configuration Insulated tank Concrete or Fireproofing Water-application facilities Depressuring and emptying Underground Storage Earth-covered storage above Grade Impoundment away from tank Conductance 2 (Watts/m K) 0.19 ------------F Factor Insulation Thickness (cm) 30 ------------0.025 see note C 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.03 0.5
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TANK Input
After the necessary data is specified, you can select Input > Calculate to initiate the computations. Alternatively, you can also use Scratchpad Calculator on the toolbar. Both options are enabled as soon as data is entered on the scratchpad. The scratchpad computes a total of eight tanks: four for a diameter range, and four for a height range. The results of each range are presented in the list box below the input definition.
Figure 43: Sizing / Costing Results For each tank evaluated, the necessary diameter (or height) is presented, as well as the thickness required for each shell course. The height of the top course is also reported, all other courses being equal to the specified input value. The results of the costing are presented last and consist of the shell weight and cost estimate. The shell weight is based on the computed thicknesses and the plate density specified in the configuration file. The cost is the product of the unit price and the plate weight. If necessary, the input data can be altered, and new estimates obtained. When the desired results have been achieved, a report can be printed, or the results for the minimum cost tank transferred to the General Tank Data Dialog Box (on page 42). After the scratchpad calculations have been performed, the Dynamic Sizing Tool becomes active. This sizing tool, located to the right of the output display, contains two slider bars. Moving the slider bars with the mouse changes the corresponding dimension of the tank, as well as updates the right most column of numerical data in the table.
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TANK Input
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TANK Input
The diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.
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TANK Input
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SECTION 7
Error Checking
The normal chain of events requires that the Error Checker validate the input data before the analysis phase is allowed to begin. The Error Checker is a separate module that is designed to prevent illegal or illogical data from being passed to the analysis program. The tasks performed involve checking for negative values where only positive values are allowed, ensuring that the corrosion allowance does not drive the thickness to zero, as well as API code restrictions. The Error Checker can produce two types of diagnostic messages, errors and warnings. A warning message indicates that the program discovered something in the input data that the analyst should be made aware of.
Figure 44: Sample Warning Message The program always considers warning messages as acceptable. As long as the analyst agrees with (or is aware of) the warning message, it can be considered acceptable to the analyst also. If the analyst disagrees with or is surprised by the warning message, it should be considered an error and the input modified accordingly.
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Error Checking
The second type of diagnostic message that can be produced is an error message. An error message indicates a problem with the input severe enough to prevent the analysis from completing.
Figure 45: Sample Error Message When an error is encountered, the analysis phase is prevented from starting. The user must correct the input to eliminate the error. (Note that the error shown above is an error for API-650 and a warning for API-653.) Whenever a warning or error message displays, the user is given several choices as to the next course of action. These choices are the subject of the next section.
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Error Checking
Each time a message displays in the list box, the procedure halts until you click Continue. This gives you time to review the message. If it is necessary to abort the error check phase and return to the Main menu, click File > Exit.
Figure 46: Error Check Summary Without Errors When the review of this summary is complete, click Continue to display a dialog requesting authorization to build the necessary analysis files. The typical response to this prompt is Yes. Click Continue again to exit the Error Checker dialog box and return to the Main menu. If the summary report shows that errors were found, the analysis files will not be created. The job cannot be analyzed in this condition. You must return to the input and correct the problems as reported by the Error Checker.
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Error Checking
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SECTION 8
Analysis/Solution Phase
The design or analysis of the tank data occurs in the solution module. This module cannot be accessed unless the input data has been successfully error checked. After the solution module has been launched, the Analysis Monitoring dialog box displays.
Figure 47: Analysis Monitoring Dialog Box This dialog box displays the current job name, the major solution steps to the analysis, and which solution steps are required by the current input data. As each solution step is entered, an asterisk displays next to the item to show the current progress. There is no user interaction or input during the solution phase. The analysis/solution phase consists of implementing the rules and equations found in the API-650 and API-653 codes. A brief overview of this phase can be found in the Solution Overview (on page 88) section.
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Analysis/Solution Phase
After successfully completing, the analysis module creates the .TKO file. This file contains the solution data in binary format. The TKO file is used by subsequent modules to formulate and generate the various reports and graphics. Occasionally you may want to know how an iteration proceeded or the results of an intermediate computation. The message file (TXT) serves to answer these queries. As important milestones in the analysis are reached, newly computed data is labeled and written to the message file. The message file is useful in the event that a fatal error is encountered and a program abort occurs. In this instance, a diagnostic message is presented to the user, control is returned to the Main menu, and no output (TKO) file exists. Because there is no TKO file, entry into the output processor is not allowed. In this instance, the message file can be very helpful. In addition to intermediate and partial solution data, some reasons for program aborts may be found in this file. The message file is a standard ASCII text file which can be viewed with a variety of editors, or printed to the system printer. The user may also access the message file from the Tools menu. It is important to note that generation of the message file by the solution module only takes place if the current configuration allows. Generation of the message file can be controlled from the Computation Options tab of the configuration module. Refer to the Program Configuration (on page 21) section for additional details.
Solution Overview
The major steps performed in the solution phase are discussed in this section. Refer to codes API-650 and API-653 for additional details. 1. Wind effect - The specified wind speed is used to determine the applied wind pressure, the velocity factory, and the overturning moment. These values are used later in the computations for the wind girders and Appendix F considerations. 2. Allowable stresses for both the design and test cases - The material control routine includes considerations for reductions due to temperature from Appendix M and if necessary Appendix S and API-653 Section 2 requirements. The allowables for each shell course are determined individually based on the specified course materials. 3. Required shell course thicknesses - This thickness is based on the specified design method, either one-foot, variable point, or Appendix A. The appropriate sections of the code are implemented using the material properties to determine the thicknesses for each course for the design and test cases. Each thickness computation is then followed by a check of API-650 Section 5.6.1.1 to insure that the minimum thickness requirements of the code are met. If the input indicates that the program is to operate in analysis mode to rate an existing tank, the design and test thicknesses just computed are replaced with the users input thicknesses for subsequent computations. A note to this effect appears in the output below the thickness table when required. 4. Allowed fluid heights - This procedure involves the use of the same code sections used in the thickness determination. In the case of the variable point method, this is an iterative process. 5. Shell weight and center of gravity - The weight/center of gravity routine compares the computed shell weight with that specified by the user, and selects the maximum of the two for subsequent computations in Appendix E. 6. Overturning stability - This value is checked according to Section 5.11. 7. Wind girder requirements - The number of girders, their section moduli, and their locations are determined according to API-650 Section 5.9. Wind girder detail and size is then selected from API-650 Table 5-22. This concludes the general computations performed for each tank input data set. All subsequent computations are optional depending on user specification.
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Analysis/Solution Phase
Roof Data - If the roof data has been specified, the program will now evaluate, analyze, or design the roof. Roof evaluation involves weight summations, required thicknesses and net areas according to API-650 Sections 5.10.5 or 5.10.6. The analysis or design of a supported cone roof applies the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. Following the roof design, the Section 5.10.3 checks are implemented. API-650 Appendix F requirements - After the actual roof computations are completed, the API-650 Appendix F requirements are evaluated. Also note that the roof weights computed from a design are used in subsequent (seismic) computations. Seismic requirements of API-650 Appendix E - The guidelines of this appendix are applied to the tank in three conditions; design, test, and empty. Nozzle flexibility calculations as outlined in API-650 Appendix P - This appendix also offers guidelines on the maximum allowed nozzle loads. The program can determine the flexibilities and limiting loads on up to fifteen nozzles for all three sets of shell course thicknesses (design, test, and user input). Grillage computations - These computations conform to the rules of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7. Settlement limits as set forth in API-653 Appendix B - These computations use an iterative procedure to determine the optimum cosine curve which most closely represents the user's measured values of shell settlement. After the cosine curve is known, the out-of-plane settlement and out-of-plane deflection can be determined. Service/maintenance computations - These computations are based on API-653 Section 2. API-2000 Venting calculations. After all sizing, roof, and seismic computations have been completed, the evaluation for the permitted cycle life according to Appendix M, Section M.4 begins. Following the cycle life calculations, the bolting requirements are checked. This procedure evaluates each of the load cases defined in Section 5.12 and determines, if necessary, the required number of bolts and the bolt size. A second pass is then made to determine the governing condition and to report a single bolt size and quantity, with the corresponding stress for each load case.
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Analysis/Solution Phase
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SECTION 9
Figure 48: Local Graphics Menu This menu presents options for the tank sketch, shell settlement plotting, nozzle interaction diagrams, and supported cone roof sketches. In addition to the menu options, the following icons are also available. Plot Tank Elevations - Produces the basic tank sketch. Plot Settlement - Plots the shell settlement data. Plot Nozzles - Plots the first nozzle interaction diagram. Plot Cone Roof - Plots the supported cone roof sketch. Return to Main Menu - Exits the graphics processor and return to the text based menu. Use of this option is necessary to review text based reports, or modify the input data.
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Figure 49: Tank Sketch The tank sketch is useful to get an overall representation of the size of the tank.
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Figure 50: Settlement Plot The settlement plot uses two Y axes. The far left Y axis is for the out-of-plane deflection curve. The Y axis closest to the curves is for the measured and optimum cosine curves. These axes and their associated curves are shown in different colors for better visualization. The settlement plot positions the curves on an X axis showing the relative angular position around the tank circumference from the point of maximum settlement. The settlement plot also includes a secondary X axis which shows the location of the actual measurement points.
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Figure 52: Circumferential Nozzle Interaction Diagram For the nozzle to meet the criteria of API-650 Appendix P, the interaction point must plot inside the diagram.
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SECTION 10
Figure 53: Typical Output Report Menu Each item in the above menu produces a different report. Multiple reports can be selected using the Ctrl key in combination with a left mouse click. (Items can be de-selected in the same manner). The first report selected will be presented in the viewing pane on the right side of the window. After a report (or multiple reports) has been selected, the View Report menu option and tool bar icon are activated. The tool bar icons on this menu perform the functions defined in the following paragraphs. Open - Enables switching to the output of a different job. This option opens a standard File Open dialog, showing only those jobs that have output. Save - Saves the selected reports. Print - Prints the selected reports. View Report using Microsoft Word - Displays the selected reports in Microsoft Word. When you send reports to Microsoft Word, if a file named header.doc exists in the \tank\system folder, its contents will be read and used as a page header when TANK exports the reports to Word. The intent is that the header.doc file contains the company logo and address details.
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Roof Evaluation
The roof evaluation report details the results of the design or analysis of supported cone roofs, and the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix F. The roof report begins with the required thickness and actual weight of the roof plates, and the design roof load. If a supported cone roof was designed or analyzed, the resulting structural member sizes and loads are reported next. This information begins with the number of girder rings, the radius to each girder ring, and the number and length of the girders in each ring. This report is shown below.
Figure 58: Rafter & Girder Layout Details Also shown above are the rafter details. This information includes the number of rafters in each rafter ring, the spacing on the outer girders, the number of rafters resting on the outer girders, the spacing on the inner girders, the number of rafters resting on the inner girders, and the rafter length. Note that at the center of the tank, and at the shell, the number of rafters per girder is reported as zero.
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Figure 61: Structural Check Report Following these checks is a weight summary of the supported cone roof components. Following the roof design/analysis report, are the results of the Appendix F computations. This information begins with the uplift force due to internal pressure and the resisting force due to tank weight. This information is followed by the maximum design pressure limited by uplift, the maximum pressure at the roof/shell junction, and the compression ring failure pressure. All pressures are reported in the users units for pressure and in inches of water, an API unit. The last section of the roof report shows the required area of the roof/shell junction as per Section F.5, and either 5.10.5 or 5.10.6.
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Settlement Checks
The settlement check report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-653 Appendix B. This report provides the maximum allowed out-of-plane deflection and a table showing the out-of-plane settlement at each of the measurement points. This table also includes the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve through these measured points, the out-of-plane settlement, and the out-of-plane deflection.
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SECTION 11
Examples
This chapter discusses several example jobs that illustrate the proper definition of input data and present solutions to some of the examples found in the code.
In This Section
Example Problem APP_K ........................................................... 117 Example Problem O_WC ............................................................ 117 Example Problem A_WC ............................................................ 117 Example Problem KOCZWARA .................................................. 118 Example Problem B&Y ............................................................... 118 Example Problem SSTEST1 ....................................................... 118 Example Problem TEST1............................................................ 118 Example Problem SSC1 ............................................................. 118 Example Problem APP_P ........................................................... 118 Example Problem EXTERN01 .................................................... 118 Example Problem SEIS01 ........................................................... 119
117
Examples
118
Examples
119
Examples
120
APPENDIX A
Main Set
APIOUT.EXE - Output preprocessor APISOLV.EXE - Solution module COADEXE.EXE - EXE file scanner CRCCHK.EXE - CRC check program MAKEUNIT.EXE - Units generation module MATEDIT.EXE - Material database editor OUTPUT.EXE - Output report review processor TANK.EXE- Main program TKERCK.EXE - Error check module OUTWORD.DLL - Support dll
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international materials international materials international materials international materials international materials international materials
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123
124
APPENDIX B
125
126
APPENDIX C
* ASTM Standards
A-283 A-285 A-131,A A-131,B A-131,CS A-36 A-131,EH36 A-573,58 A-573,65 A-573,705 A-516,55 A-516,60 A-516,65 A-516,70 A-662,B A-662,C A-537,1 A-537,2 A-633,C A-633,D A-678,A A-678,B A-737,B A-841
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* CSA Standards
G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 38W 38WT 44W 44WT 50W 50WT
* National Standards
NS,235 NS,250 NS,275
* ISO 630
E-275t,C E-275,C E-275t,D E-275,D E-355,C E-355t,C E-355,D E-355t,D C C D D C C D D
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129
130
APPENDIX D
131
132
APPENDIX E
133
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API-650 Changes:
The material database has been updated to reflect the changes to Table 3-2. This involved removing both A442 materials. Appendix F no longer forces a redesign utilizing Appendix A. Appendix I changed the equation for the maximum deflection by raising a term in the denominator to the 3rd power. Section 3.4.2 has been incorporated, which insures that the bottom plate diameter is at least D + 2 inches. A modification has been made to the implementation of Section 3.5.2, to include the bottom shell course thickness. Allowances have been made to enable metric jobs to utilize 6 mm plate as the minimum thickness instead of 0.25 inch plate.
API-653 Changes:
The equations for determining the allowable stress have been modified as per the recent addendum. Incorporated a recent Code Interpretation stating that the Appendix M reduction factor should be applied to both terms in the allowable stress determination. Modified the basic thickness equation in accordance with the recent addendum (it no longer subtracts 1 foot from the fluid height). Incorporated the new computations for the allowed hydrotest height. Modified the allowed settlement measurement points from 30 ft to 32 ft around the circumference, in accordance with the recent addendum.
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136
137
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APPENDIX F
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Index
*
* ASTM Standards 127 * CSA Standards 128 * Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) 129 * ISO 630 128 * National Standards 128 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependant) 128 * Unknown For API-653 129
C
Can Builds Be Applied to Any Version? 18 carbon steels 42 Completing the Error Check Phase 85 computation control 22 Computation Control Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) 22 configuration 21 configuration file 21 cost 78 CRC Check 32 current codes 10 Cycle Life Data Dialog Box 69
A
allowable stresses 88 Analysis/Solution Phase 87 anchor bolt 63 Anchor Bolt Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) 51 Announcing Builds 18 API 650 External Pressure (App V.) Dialog Box 70 API Data Set 122 API-2000 39 API-2000 Venting Output 112 API-2000 Venting Requirements Dialog Box 76 API-650 Bolting Report 113 API-650 Cycle Life Output 114 API-650 External Pressure Output 115 API-653 Service Measurement Data 72 Appendix A - Program File List 121 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems 125 Appendix C - List of Materials 127 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives 131 Appendix E - Revision History 133 Appendix F - Selected References 139 Archiving and Reinstalling an Old, Patched Version 20
D
Database Definitions Tab (Configuration Dialog Box) 24 Detecting/Checking Builds 19 diagnostic message 87 diagnostics 9 Diagnostics Menu 32 DLL files 32 DLL Version Checker 32
E
earthquake data 63 English Text Set 122 Error Checker 30, 83 Error Checker LOG File 102 Error Checking 9, 83 error detection 9 error message 83 Error Review Module 32 ESL fax update 34 ESL Installation on a Network 17 ESL Menu 34 ESL phone update 34 Example Problem A_WC 117 Example Problem APP_K 117 Example Problem APP_P 118 Example Problem B&Y 118 Example Problem EXTERN01 118 Example Problem KOCZWARA 118 Example Problem O_WC 117 Example Problem SEIS01 119 Example Problem SSC1 118 Example Problem SSTEST1 118
B
batch stream processor 31 Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) 72 Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab (653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) 73 Build Version Checker 32
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Index
Example Problem TEST1 118 Examples 117 Examples Data Set 123 material files 24 message file 31, 87 MRU list 28
F
fluid heights 88
N
nozzle flexibility 88 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results 110 nozzle interaction diagrams 94 Nozzle Interaction Diagrams 94 Nozzle Stiffness Dialog Box 66
G
General Roof Specs Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) 55 General Tank Data Dialog Box 42 Girder Rings Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) 63 grillage 65 Grillage Review Dialog Box 65
O
Obtaining Builds 18 optimum cosine curve 88 Output Report Discussions 100 Output Report Generation 99 output reports 99
H
Hardware/Software Requirements 12 Help 8 Help & Error Processing Set 121 help system 8 HTML help system 36
P
Program Capabilities 10 Program Configuration 21 program files 87, 121 program interface 8 Program Interface Generalities 8 Program Support 18
I
Identifying Builds 18 In-Field Computations 9 input calculator 9 input file 39 Input Menu 39 Installation 11 Installing Builds 19 Installing TANK 12 Installing TANK in Silent Mode 16 Introduction 7
Q
Quick Start 25
R
registration 36 roof 53 roof data 53 roof evaluation 105 Roof Evaluation 105 roof sketch 97 Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box 53
J
Job Title Page 100
L
Local Graphics Output 91
S
scratchpad 78 seismic 88 Seismic Analysis Results 109 seismic data 63 Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box 63 Seismic Data Tab (Seismic Data Specifications Dialog Box) 64 settlement 88 Settlement Checks 111 settlement dialog 71
M
Main Menu 27 Main Set 121 Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (API-653 Service Measurement Data Dialog Box) 75 material data base editor 31 material database 42
142
Index
Shell Courses Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) 50 shell settlement 93 Shell Settlement Data 71 Shell Settlement Plots 93 Software Revision Procedures 18 Solution Module TXT File 103 Solution Overview 88 stainless steels 42 Starting TANK 25 supported cone roof 53 Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (Roof Specification Parameters Dialog Box) 57 Supported Cone Roof Sketches 97
V
venting calculations 88 Venting Data 39, 76 Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) 138 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) 138 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) 137 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) 137 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) 136 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) 136 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) 136 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) 135 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) 135 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) 134 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) 134 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) 134 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) 134 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) 133 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) 133 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) 133 Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) 133 Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) 133 View Menu 36
T
Tank Data Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) 47 Tank Description Page 41 TANK Input 39 Tank Layout Sketch 92 tank nozzles 66 TANK Program Files 87 Tank Sizing / Costing Scratchpad 78 Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box 80 tank sketch 92 technical support 36 Technical Support 7 The Analysis Menu 30 The Diagnostics Menu 32 The ESL Menu 34 The File Menu 28 The Help Menu 36 The Input Menu 29 The Output Menu 31 The Tank Description Page 41 The Tools Menu 31 The View Menu 36 thicknesses 88 Tip of the Day 36 tool bar 29
W
Warning & Error Options 84 warning messages 83 What is Contained in a Specific Build? 19 wind 88 Wind Details Tab (General Tank Data Dialog Box) 51 wind girder 88 wind pressure 22 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights 103
U
units 42, 99, 125 Units 9 units files 24, 31 units system 9 User Input Data 101 Using the Main Menu 27 Utilities menu 87
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