HANDBOUND AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF

APPENDIX
TO THE

DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR

OF THE

KONGO LANGUAGE
As
spoken
at

San Salvador,

the

Ancient

Capital of the

Old

Kongo Empire, West Africa

COMPILED AND PREPARED FOR THE BAPTIST MISSION ON THE KONGO RIVER, WEST AFRICA
BY THE

REV.

W.

HOLMAN BENTLEY

Missionary of the Baptist Missionary Society on the Kongo

PUBLISHED BY THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY

19,

FURNIVAL STREET, HOLBORN, LONDON, E.G.

AND

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER &

PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING
CROSS

CO.,

LTD.

ROAD,

LONDON, W.C.

PL

PREFACE
and Grammar
than seven years have passed since the completion of the Dictionary of the Kongo language. During this time the New Testament has been translated, and other books for religious instruction and school use " " have been translated and prepared a Bi-monthly Magazine, Se kukianga
;

MORE

(The

Breaking), has appeared, containing original native articles. School work has been well pushed, and a Kongo correspondence passes freely between the natives about our stations.
is

Dawn

an unwritten language. Appendix to the work published in 1887. Every new word acquired has been most carefully preserved and inobscure idioms, and any constructions throwing light on the vestigated Grammar and Syntax, have been noted. While the New Testament was in the press, the Appendix to the Dictionary was printed. Returning to the Kongo a few days after the first hundred copies of the New Testament came from the book-binders, the mass of Grammatical and Syntactical notes which had accumulated was studied and arranged.

Kongo can no longer be spoken

of as

All this literary activity has called for an

The Dictionary of 1887 contains some 10,000 Kongo words, omitting as far as possible the thousands of derivative words, which, being formed from the

As the possibiliroot-words according to simple rules, needed no special note. ties of this highly flexible language are so great, these derivatives in actual or
possible use would

number hundreds

of thousands

it

was therefore necessary

rigorously to exclude them, except such as by their frequent or special usage

required special note.

Some 4,000 new words are now added on the same principle, which include, as far as possible, all words or roots which are used in the Kongo literature of
the English Baptist Mission published up to the present. In the same way, the endeavour has been made to reduce the rules of

Grammar and Syntax which have been found

the literary

to be further necessary, during which the correctness and sufficiency of the former work was tested. As for the correctness, it has been found that no great changes are necessary in some two or three cases only it has been necessary to narrow the these cases have application of certain rules which had been too widely stated been carefully noted in their proper places in the Grammar and Syntax of this

work

in

Appendix. In this translation and linguistic work, Nlemvo, who rendered such valuable assistance in the preparation of what was published in 1887, has still continued his aid, rendered all the more efficient by these fourteen years of work, which have trained and developed his great natural aptitude. This gives the uniformity which is of such great importance. A change has been made in the Kongo Alphabet, which must here be noted.

PREFACE
at San Salvador, and in its neighbourhood, large proportion of the people the letter x was and i before i .as sh and j ; for the sound sh pronounce while z before i was written as j. Our books are adopted (as in Portuguese), and in those wider area than the district of San Salvador,

read over a

has proved unchanged before i, the use of x and j been decided to use s and z only, and in those it has therefore difficulty of these letters is softened before i they will be naturally parts where the sound remain unchanged they will be proin pronunciation, and where they softened
parts where 8

much

and

z remain

nounced as

written.

of the Dictionary and Appendix, This may cause some difficulty in the use in the Dictionary, and as simba under as ximba under since simfca appears

but that lack of uniformity is of small moment, compared of a permanent form at the earliest with the importance of the attainment and the wider usefulness of our literary productions. possible date, of 1887, the frequent For reasons noted in the preface to the Grammar has not been made in this Appendix, elision of final and initial vowels in Kongo as to the actual forms used. in order that there might be no obscurity of Kongo and of interest to note the comparative compactness

in the

Appendix

It

289 words, and 1172 letters. On page xi. of the preface to the work of 1887, reference is made to an o in Lisbon translation of a Portuguese treatise on Christian Doctrine, published Maria de Cannecattim, author of the Bunda Grammar Fr. Bernardo
;

number of words used in the expression of ideas. For this English, in the words and letters used in Kongo and English in the ist Epistle to purpose the in the Kongo version there the Corinthians, I3th chapter, have been counted ; ish Revised Version there are 274 are words, and 1209 letters in the E.

may be

in 1624.

above was "the first work printed in the Kongo language," first work and we may be most probably correct in saying that it was the Bantu languages. printed in any of the The Rev. G. R. Macphail, who was minister of the Presbyterian Church of for me by Scotland in Lisbon, very kindly arranged to have the work copied
(1804), says that the

hand.
copies a Catechism in Portuguese and Kongo interlinear. in the National Library at Lisbon, and one in the Library of the Propaganda
It is

Two

are in

Rome. The Portuguese from which the

;

translation was made "by the order of Mattheus Cardoso," is still in use in the schools in Madeira, as a standard Catechism it was written by Marcos Jorge, S.J. The Portuguese-Kongo work has been very carefully studied, and is a very words evidence of the usage of certain special

a which we find current to-day. It is a creditable production, showing that of Coast and vocabulary has been acquired. There is a liberal admixture good Mbamba words, suggesting that the early missionaries had picked up the with them this is language on the Coast, and carried up the Coast influence of cu (ku) as a prefix to the Infinitive Noun. noticeable in the
;

interesting work, affording

early

employment w as ii, ki as qui the nasals and n are hopelessly is always written as b er confounded, and often omitted or written as in old Portuguese with the vowel But, after all, it affords no evidence of any change in the language. The main points are true to Kongo but where there are differences, it is imto determine how much is due to a mixture of the Coast and other
;
;

possible

PREFACE
dialects,

vii

and how much to an imperfect knowledge of the language. It is White-man's Kongo, and sometimes the words are awkwardly spelt. The N of Nzainbi ampungu, God, never appears on the name itself, but is dian Zambi ampungu. often found on the end of the preceding word It is interesting to find untotela (p. 39) used for majesty, so that Ntotela is
certainly

not simply a dynastic name of the present kings. Anquissi (-ankisi, fetish} is used for holy, sacred; and even uquissi (fetish nature) for divinity (p. 30) This is a very objectionable use of nkisi, fetish. The words in use for the " Holy Faith of the Church of Rome " are " Canca
! :

anquissi yanzua muquissi acuna E-oma"

(p. 85).

nkanka, devotion, faithfulness, and, for want of a better word, was this explains the exby these early missionaries into that use " pression Dingamena muna nkanka a Nzambi ampungu," continue in the Faith of God; so fftish devotion was used for Holy Faith. Yanzua muquissi is ya nzo ankisi, of the fetish house (nzo ankisi the grave also) this is the only translation used for the Holy Church (of Rome), not the buildSo we find " The Holy ing called a "church," but the Church of the Saints. Faith of the Church of Rome " thus translated, to the mystification of the " native mind The fetish devotion of the fetish house of at Rome " is always spoken of then, and by the Baptism priests to-day, as dia
is

Canca

strained

mungua,

ceremony Baptism according to the Romish' rVtual. Ecussuilu [ekuswilu, the place of rubbing on, or smearing (from kusu, to rub on or smear}] is the equivalent of Purgatory. Nsambu is used for grace, favour, as it is still by us and much of the " religious terminology," as to-day used, is found in this old book only it has been necessary to make a discreet selection. However, the work is certainly creditable for those far-off times, when viewed with a kindly eye, even in these days in which we have learned to value a greater accuracy. My thanks are due to the Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society, for
,

with the words,

to eat salt; the placing of a little salt in the mouth of the infant, r of _the earth," being part of the "ye are the salt

undertaking the expense of publication of this Appendix, as they did that of the previous work. May the work be found helpful to all who seek to make known in Kongo the

Gospel of the Grace of God, and to extend the Kingdom of Righteousness and
Peace.

W.

H. B.

WATHEN

STATION, B.M.S., CONGO FREE STATE, September \st, 1894.

APPENDIX
TO

ENGLISH-KONGO DICTIONARY.
ABANDON (as of no use), v.t., tengola ABANDONMENT, n., luyambulu, 10
luvunzanisu,
10
;

ABUNDANT,
be,
v.t.,

a.,

-avomo.

see
z/.,

lutengolo tengola, Appendix.

10;

selalala, sama, tuta.

bwembwena,

be-

ABDICATE,

kunkuka.
.,

ABHORRENCE,
;

nkenonoka,

2.

ABILITY, ., ndwenga, 2 (generally plural] hie, pi. 6.

in

make, v.t., seleleka, beseka. ABUSE, v.t., duvula, duka. luduvuku, 10 luduku,
.,
;

10

nlevo, 4.

one's

profession
12.

or

craft,

..

umfuzi,
zadi,
6.

(quickness) in

learning,

n.,

zadi-

obscene language, v.t., bukalala. v.t., pitakesa. ABUSIVE toward, be, v.t., duka. ABYSS, ., mbilu, 2.
in

(misuse),

ACCENT,
v.t.,

.,

ABJECT, become,

nsiamu,
v.,

2.

boloka.

ABLE

ACCEPT

as true,

sia

to,

be, v., see

omu matu.

fwanwa, Kongo-

ACCEPTABLE,
.,

adj.,

Eng. Appendix,

-edienga.

may be, v, -fwete (v. aux.\ ABOMINABLE behaviour or insolence,

nduvu, 4 lunkulu, ABORTIVE, become, v., funga.
.,
;

ACCOMPLISH much, v., totola. ACCORD, ngwawani, 2. v. wawana, kwenda e bambala

(6),

10.

totama.
to,

ACCORDING

ABOUND,
ABOUT,

v.t.,

see

adv.,

muna owu
is,
?)
;

wa.
5
;

abundant, be, App.

omu, App. used verbally to... about, v., nanga I ...ye, App. finished about ten on the spot, mana
;

see -ina

ACCURSED, one who

ziaku, 2 (P.

.,

kiudi,

mwana

(j)
;

yananga

a kandu (6); see kandu, App. you are accursed, ongeye u

kiudi.

ye tezo kia ekumi vana fulu.

\BOVE

the other, one, adv., e kiani, e nkundieka, e kiani, e mbandieka.

nkundambanda-

ACCUSATION, mfundu, ACCUSE, v.t., funda.

.,

4.

ACCUSTOM to, v., yukisa. ACCUSTOMED to, be, v.i., yukwa.

.,

-ankundakiani, -aukundieka, -ambandieka, -ambandakiani.

.,

ACHE

(of the
.,

head

only), v.t., tota.

;

ACIDITY,

ABUNDANCE,
of

nsa, 2 (Bako)

wingi, 12
;

ngani,

2.

ebidi, 8

wokela, 9
everything,

bidi, 6

vomo,

6.

have,

v.,

vwama,

pututa.

ACQUIT, TA, kangula. ACTION, evangu, 8. ACTIVE, be very, /./., tumpa-tumpa. ADAPT, v./., sobola.
.,

ADD-ALM
ADD,
v.t.,

722

kundika
bandika.
v.,

further, v.,
to, v.t.,

AGREE, continued. upon a price, zenga

well together (be
sia

yikula.

e ntalu (2). on good terms),

see

r/.,

together or up,
e

bangumuna,
(5),

kimbangumuna
.,

tota.

ADDITION
ter,

of a very different charac-

bakana. AGREEABLE, become, v.i. o ntima (4), App.

(good},
a.,
!

buwa

nswangu,

4.

ADDRESS

(a fetish), v., vovelela.

to, v.t.,
n.,

AGREED

see

-ambote, -abiza. twe lubasa! App.

ADHERE

tatidila.
4.

to be, v.t.,

kwikana

it

is

agreed

ADJECTIVE,

mbaku,

then, ozevo dikwikanini.

10.
;

ADMONITION, n., lutemweno, ADULATION, n., lusanisu, 10

nisinu,
10.

lusa-

AID

AGREEMENT,^.,nkangu, 4 ekangn, 8. in the prosecution of some enter;

prise, v.t.,

yakulula.
so,
i
.,

ADULTERATE, v., lumba. ADULTERY, commit, v. kemba nkaza

(i)

one who does

ngyaku,

nyakuludi,

&

4.

angani (Bako).
;

ADVANCEMENT, n., lunungununu, 10, act. lunungunuku, io,pass. ADVANTAGE (profit), n., luwete, 10
see mfunu, 4 mfunu, App. ADVERB, n., mpangilu,
;

AILMENT

the aid rendered, n., nyaku, 4. of babyhood, any, con-

also

vwa

cerning which we can ask no be conscious questions, only that there is something wrong,
funze,
6.

2.

AIM, the

chief,
6,
.,

n.

see

etima,

8,

&

ADVERSE
ADVISE,

(hostile), a.,

-atantu.

vaki,

App.
nsakila, 4 (Bako). ta nsakila (Bako).
5.

v.t.,

kubikila.

ALARM

cry,

ADVOCATE, n., nzonzi, 2 (Bako), nkambakani, i & 4.

ADZE, cut
with, v.,

utter such a cry,

ALCOHOL,
ALIKE, be,

.,

kindakidi,
(6).

vaba.

v.i.,

totama, kwenda e

AFFAIR AFFECT

(business), n., nkolo, 4.

abilities, v.,

bambala

kuvaka.

AFFECTION,

intense, .,lunziototo, 10. (mutual), #., nzolani, 2.

//.,

make, v.t., toteka. ALIVE, a., -amoyo.

be,
v.i.,

AFORESAID person, the, (pi. ambana). AFRAID of, no longer be

mbana,

kLL,prefix.
to

vuka (Bako). The prefix

all- is

some

see

zanuna

noun

adjectives to the All-wise ;

make
it

applied a
is

ex-

zanu, App. AFTER, see also za, App. after this or that or awhile, adv., oku se ntu. one after the other, a,, -andandani.
adv., e

as pressed by Mpungu applied a prefix to the abstract noun.

Almighty, the, Mpungu-ngolo (2). All-wise, the, Mpungu- zayi (2).

ALL

ndandani.
conj.,

AGAIN (in a discourse),

diaka.
to. ..over

ye diaka
;

again, v., Vlltukila

see

due course, adv., oku kukwiziwa. not at all, ke dionso (7) dia...ko it does not move at all, ke kuna dionso dia nikuka ko.
in
;

Kongo-Eng. App. AGITATE, v.t., tumpanisa. AGITATED, be, v.i., tembela. mviangalu (4) a ntima(4). AGONY, unspeakable, n .,tema (6) kia nsongo.
.,

all

right (in safety), adv.,

male-

mba-lemba.
all sorts

of things,
v.,

.,

wadiwonso,i2.

ALLUDE to,

tola (Bako), zangata,

n.,

AGREE

(coincide),
(6),

z/.,

kwenda

e ba-

suma. ALMIGHTY, the,

Nengolo,
i.

Mpu-

mbala

totama.

ngu-ngolo,

723

ALO-ANX

ALONG

the edge, brink, or side, adv., o lunseka-lunseka (10).

adv., e

ANGER, continued. one who is slow to, nkwa ntima

a vunda. soothe, v.t., wondeleka.

(4)

ALOOF,

vaudi

(6).

ALREADY, adv., see mpasi own, App. ALTER (of a palaver or language only), v.i., bindama. ALTERNATE, v.t., swanga, swanganisa.
v.i.,

ANGLE,

n.,

nzinga,

4.

at right angles, adv., ANGRY, to get or be, z/.,

ku nkayikwa.
baika maketo

(Bako)

see also

fwama(Bako)
(Bako), App.
cries out,
.,

swangana.
.,nswangani,
2.

& baka efwema

ANGUISH
at

arrangement,

which one

ALTERNATELY, adv., e nswangani. ALTHOUGH, conj., kana vo, kana una vo, o sia ele vo, kufwila
owu...ko
although
(even
;

tatu, 6. ANIMAL, huge,

.,

.,

evwendengele,

8.

see also ndivo,

App.

took
i

it,

kufwila

owu mbongele
when), conj., nkutu... ndivo.
;

kio ko.

ANISE (?), mana-nsusu, 6. ANNOY, v.t., tuntanisa, tokeka. (pester) v.t., lakama. ANNOYED, be, v.t., tuntana, tokama.
much,
v.
;

muna wau
I

see also

fwama

(Bako)

&
or

(verbal),-lembi
it,

although

scrubbed

would not come off, yalembi kio fusula, kansi ke ikatukidi ko see -lembi, p.
it
;

322.

baka efwema (Bako), App. ANNOYING, a., -anangi. ANOINT with oil, v.t., lengola nwika o mazi (pi. 7). ANSWER, make no, v.i., voloka. be unable to make an, tungama.
ANT,
driver, n., nsalafu, 2 (Bako).

ALWAYS... -ing,

be, v.,

sama (=kwa-

ma), lakama.

AMASS,

v.,

vwisisa.
v.i.,

white, a variety of, n., ndaulau, 2. nest of (mushroom like), vava, 6

AMAZED, be very much,

neka.

kuzenge-

&

utter a cry,

kiololoka
n.,

AMBASSADOR,
;

kululnka. ntumwa, 2 nku;

nkuku, 2. swarm of winged (perfect) nkumbi, 2 (Bako).

see also

ants,

vunga sama, App.

bread,"

mbi, 2 nlualua, 4; mbaku,4. AMBITIOUS, be, v., kukundidika.

"Ants'

honey-combed

AMBUSH, set an, v., kanga e mbaki (2). AMETHYST, n., ametiste, 2. AMONG (before a pers. pron.}, vava or vovo or vana (bena, &c.);
see -ina,

cultivation of fungus (?) found in the nests of white ants, or

ANT

App.

frequented by them, n., mbungu, 2. LION (inyrmeleon formicarius], n., nkenge, 2.

gazelle-like, n., nsiesie, 2

among them, vana bena. among us, vava twina. among you, vovo nwina. ANARCHY, ntumpa-ntumpa,
.,

ANTELOPE,

(Bako).

ANTIPHON,
4.

n.
first

to lead

with the
v.,

antiphonal
(4).

ANCESTOR,

n.,

nkulu,
a.,

i.

song,
8.

bonga

nkunga

ANCIENT

times, most, n., ekulu,

to

ancient veiy,

-ankulu-nkumbi.
.== nsita);
;

AND

answer back, v., yakula, yakulula, tambulula.

n.,

that, conj.,
n.,

yovo, yo ovo.
pi.

the choral answer,

ngyaku,
n.,

2.

ANGER,

nkafi 4 (gen.
2

ANXIETY

(apprehensiveness),
2
;

nsu-

nkenene,

nlula,
8)

mbi,
(care), n.,

efwema, 8 (Bako). very great, makasi (pi. or mavengenene.

mansuva

songololo, 6 swengeti, lu, 10

;

nsumbi-nsumbi, 2. lunzumbu;

6.
5.

to do, go, &c., n.,

kiangula,

ANX-AS
ANXIOUS,
be, v.,

724

zanginika or zanga(u-)

APPROVE

of,

z/.,

ludika

lunganisa

nanwa ontima (4), ntima

for,

zanganana, yela e nsumbi (2). viangalwa or zinwa or lakukwa o moyo (3) or ntima (4), ntima or moyo (u-) viangala
or zina.

tonda, App. APRON, ., lenga, 6. ARACHID, harvest season

see also

for,

.,

a mpava. crushed with pepper and

nsungi

(2)

salt,

n.,

kindungu,
ARC, ARCH,
n.,

5.

make, zanginika o ntima. ANY, see wonso & una -ina, App. APART, adv., e kikaka (5). (aside), e kingenga (2), kuna mpe-

ngumbu,

2.

ARDENT, be, ARDUOUS,

ARE,
n.,

?/./.,

vela-vela.
100.

.,

-afuki.

are,

meta akare

nga

(2).

(separate), e

from, prep., e

vaudi (6). kikaka yo,

2.

ARISE, z/., zangumuka (never used by an inferior in reference to a

e

vaudi

muna.
APOSTLE,
n.,

superior), (of a dispute),

z/.,

[e

mpaka

(2) zi-]

ntumwa,
('),
.,

lekama.
6.

APOSTROPHE
APPAREL,
.,

nienie,
6.

ARM,
to
z/.z'.,

see

nkonda a koko, App.

vwatwa,

APPEAR suddenly
tema.
for a

or unobserved,

arms over the chest and clasp one's shoulders, ta nkondobela (2) (Bako), zinga
cross the

moment

(come

only, v.i., sunsumina. into view, also come out of

nkondo (4) (Bako). AROUND, adv., e kinzieta.

prep.,

sun,

moon, or

stars),

z/.z'.,

seloka.

muna nzinguluka

(2) a.
i>.t.,

APPEARANCE,
2,

#., zizi,

see

nsampu,

AROUSE and

cause to run away,

App.
.,

dikumuna.
8.

altered,

ekitu,
n.,

and run away,

5.

APPETITE (taste),
luntati, 10

kinzola-nzola,

ARRANGE,
(fix), v.,

v.,

dikumuka. kumpa, lumpika.

z/.z'.,

APPLICATION, close
;

(to one's work), n.,

sungididi,
to

6.

APPLY

one's

self closely
v.,

(one's

in

sikanisa (Bako), konkota, sikana. a line, v.t., kiatumuna, kialu-

work),

sia...o

luntati (10)

muna.
together according to size, height, or quality, v., taka, takanisa. (set right straight), z/., ludika.

or sungididi (6). as a brake or against the surface

(of

something revolving),
(fix),

v.t.

kakidila.

be arranged, as above,
v.,

v.,

lulama.
an,
z/.,

APPOINT

sikinisa (Bako), konkota, sikana. appointed (by), #., -esika-sika (yo). to a duty, z/./., toneka, sonekena,
sila.
(tell off

ARRANGEMENT
konka

(with),
;

make

dio (yo)

bakonkele

dio yo nengandi, they arranged it with so and so.

ARROGANT, be
to a duty),

(arrogate great things

self),
z/.,

suma.
.,

to one's

kurnvalala,

the day appointed,

lumbu kia

kuvalala.

nkangu (4) a ntangwa. APPREHENSION (fear), swengenia,

.,

make, kumvidika, kuvidika, kumvika.

nsumbi-nsunsumbi, 2 mbi, 2. be full of, v., yela e swengenia or nsumbi.

;

ARTICLE (gram.\ yikilwa, 6. ARTIFICE, ., lumpeso, TO. As for, conj., vo i, ngavo, ngavo
as though, conj., as often as you (he,
if,

i.

as

ne banza vo.
c.)

APPROPRIATE,
(fitting), a.,

z/./.,

lainuna.

like,

kie-

-ansongi.

kiele kaka.

725

As-Arr
I

As, continued. as soon as, adv., una...kaka (past),

ASS STA N C E, contin ut-d.

lulumuna, lundumuna, twalakesa

;

ovo...kaka
as
well,

(/#/.)

adv.,
well,

kumosi
oyandi

he

goes

ASSUME
airs, v.,

the

as

o-kwenda

nkuwu

K.-Eng. App. government, yala e (2), see nkuwu, App.

v.i.

see

kumosi.
as well, as well as, con/., i after the demonstrative pronoun in what-

kukundidlka.
,kuvaka,

(some very great work),

ever position;
will

these (people)
well,

go and Nlemvo as

aya bekwenda, oyu i Nlemvo. As well as we who are here, aya we bought i yeto tuna vava
;

vakama, vampama. become responsible for, v., yekama. ASSUMPTION, kuvaka, 9. ASSURANCE (guarantee), n., lusikidi.,

su, 10.

ASTONISHMENT (dumbfounded),
luzengeneko,
utter cries
of, v.,

n.,

those knives on our market, and those hoes (which you hold) as

10.

kululuka, kiolo-

tusumbidi e mbele zina vana ezandu dieto, ezo i nsengo I cannot come, for I am too busy, and these visitors have come as well, kilendi kwiza ko e kuma e salu kingi ngina kiau, ezi i zau nzenza
well,
;

loka.

ASTOUNDED, be, v.i., sivika, kumba. be very, kuzengeneka (re/I.}, zenganana, yenganana. ASTRAY, go, v., tungiana, zieziana.
to

lead,

send,

tungianisa, ziezia.,

nisa.

ezi zizidi.

one who has gone,

(before the

ntungianu,4.

as well as,

musungula

AT

all,

adv.,
all,

WOnso

he did not speak

noun).

at
(a hill or tree), v., tota,
first,

yandi kavovi diambu

ASCEND, go up

wonso.
adv.,

kuma.
(as smoke), n.,

vana

kintete,

vana

fotomoka,
to, v.,

fita.

ntete, e ntete.
once, adv.,

ASHES, reduce

komona, bo-

VOVO fulu, VOVO vau,

see

mona.
ASIDE
(apart), adv., e

kikilu;

also

mu

(i

mu),

kikaka

(5),

e
at

App.
once is expressed also by the reduplicated verb, to take at
once, bonga-bonga.

kingenga (5), kuna mpenga (2), va beko (6). ASK to come, v., susumuna, vukulula.

ASKEW,
a.,

adv., o

nzungu

(4).

ATHWART, adv., oku nkayikwa. ATTACHED to, be, or become,

selomokena,
(10).

v.t.,

-anzungu. ASLEEP, fall, v., wondoka yo tulu

(pi.

sia...o

luntati

10).
n.,
;

ATTACHMENT,
kalala, 6
;

great, n., luntati, 10

10.

ASPARAGUS,
2

nsende
2.

&

1 1

nsende-nsende,
lunganisa.
v.i.,

K.-Eng. App. loving, n., lunziototo,

see

ASSEMBLE,
(of

v.t.,

people only),

lungwa, kuta
kuta.

ATTACK in force, v.t., bundamena. ATTEMPT to do something, well knowing

it

(of things only), v.t.,

to be hopeless,

v.i.,

kuv.t.,

ASSEMBLY, n., lukutakanu, 10. ASSIDUOUS, be, v.t., see persevere,App ASSISTANCE, ;/., nsadisa, 2 luambu
;

fianunga, fianungina. ATTEND [(listen) to a matter],

vivila.

10.

ATTENTION, give,
v.,

v.,

teka o matu
is

(9).
z/. ;

render,

vana

luambu.
v.t.,

refuse attention to what

see

heard,

withhold, in crisis,

filakesa

pakumuna, App.

ATT-BEA
.,

726)
BARE,
place,
.,

-anzoko-zoko. ATTENTIVE, AUDIT, z/./., visa. AUDITOR, mpisa, 2. AUTHORITY, n., olodi, 2 (P. ordem). delegated, n., wiswa, 6 wisiswa, 6,
.,
;

-ampenza, -ankulungunzu.
., ., -angidinginza. seswa, 6. .,

(dreary),

small,

evela,
.,

8.
;

BARENESS,

seswa, 6

nkulungu-

(over),

kiyekwa

AVARICE,

n.,

(kia) 6. evudidila, 8 ukabu,

;

12.

nzu, 4 mpenza, 2. BARGAIN over a price, z/., ta or

;

vuna

AVARICIOUS person, n., ekabu, 8. AVENUE, mumpumpu, 3. AVOID carefully, z/., kukenka. AVOIDED, something to be, n., mve.,

ntalu
., .,

(2).

kaku, 6. BASE, basis, ezuku, 8 see K.-Eng. App.

;

BARNACLE, BARRIER,

eyidi, 8 (Solongo).

ngo,

4-

(foundation),

.,

nsilu,

nsidi-

AWAKE, z/./., katumuna. z/.z., katumuka.

with a
start,
z/.z'.,

kwa,
upon,

2.

something having no base to stand

.,

dikumuka.
BASIN,
6.

AWARE,
make,

be,

z/.,

lubuka.

.,

kila,

nsundungulu, 4. 5 lumpinu, 10.

;

z/./.,

tumbulwila.
.,

BASIS, see base, App.

AWFUL, something,
AXE,
.,

tema,
;

BASKET
2.

of fan

palm

leaves,

.,

nteva,

kiubi,
;

(Bako)

(Bako) kiavu, 5.
5
' ;

sengele, 6

AXLE, } AXLE-TREE, ngungu)

"" ezita 8
.,

see

K Eng
''

'

App<

to carry poultry in, ., valanga, 6. of very open work, for things which

need

air,
.,

.,

senze,

6.
1 1

nsimbinini (a lu-

BAT

(small),

mvinde,

&

2.

2.

BATH, take a vapour or steam, z/., bukamena e futwa (6). BAUHINIA, a species of, large yellow

B.
BABE, innocent, nsa (4).
BABY,
.,

.,

wanzio

(12)

wa

B.C.

ndemba - lemba, 2 flower, mundemba, 2. (before Christ), V.K, (diavita

Kristu).
z/., -eka (defective, pres. indef. tense only] (Bako), -ina, defec-

j^ ntiobo and mbobola, App. BABYHOOD, kiswa, 5 kisedia, 5. BACK to back, adv., o lunima-nima. BACKWARDS, adv., o lunima-nima.
.,
;

BE,

to,

tive^ see p.

690

& ka
wa,

who

is,

was,

etc.,

see also

&-ina, App. -ina

all

BAD, be or become, z>.z., yiva. very, a., -andudi (bitter). BAG, with a running string sewn and around its neck,
mpodi,
BALE,
.,

vo, App.

BEADS
into

the strings of which are

count,

full

nzimbu

(pi.

2)

za-

.,

ki-

5.

BAN,

.,
!

mfuna, kandu,

4.

BEAR
j^ K.-Eng. App.
!

6;

inter tewa j., make a, z/., xia e tewa. BANK, along the, muna (&c.) nlambu a nlambu o lunseka-lunseka. bank of earth, ekunkwa, 8.
to
;

BANG

nsodia, 2. mind, z/., sia oku ntima (endure) z/./., siamina.

J

.,

in

(4).

patiently,

stoically,

z/.,

zozoka,
3.

zizila, viyidila.

she

who
z/./.,

bore,

muti
.,

(pi.
;

miuti),

BEARD
BEAT,

(long),

papa, 6

kievo,

5.

.,

BAPTISM,
see

n.,pass., mvubwa, 2. after the rite of the Church of Rome

kafa. against (as a storm),

z/.z.,

wulama

muna.
cruelly, severely,
z/./., yosona, yovona, niosona, teva.

BAR,

n.,

mungwa, App. mbmdi, 2.

727

BEA-BET

BEAT, continued. with, zuba, vama, venza. (with a lash or rods), vizula, zwabula.
(with a stick), v.,

13

EG IN, continued.
begin crying,
v.,

seloka

dila
.,

(9).

BEGINNING (the ndamu, 2

first
;

thing),

mba-

kwangula.
kenga.

(the point from which

ngyatiku, 2. it was com;

BEAUTIFUL, be, very, kekoka.

v.,

make, kekola.

menced), n., eyatiku, 8 ntiku, 8. (making, creation), esemo, 8

eba-

from

BECAUSE, see under sia, o kala kwa, App.

(for

sia vo,

and

the very beginning,

tuka kuna

esemo.

the reason that), conj'., e bila, e bila ye ebandu.

BEGUILE,

v.t.,

vukika.

now that), wail VO, wau kina or kinana vo, wau kadi. BECKON, v.t., labisa (Bako). BECOMING, a., -ansongi.
(since,

BEHAVE, BEHIND,
be
left

v.,

sikila.

adv., o

lunima. behind by mistake,

nkala,
be, v.i.,
2.

v.,

sa-

didila.

BEING,

.,

be, v.,
it is, i

songa. betela kiki.

.,

BELATED,
2 (Kib.)
5.
;

yididilwa, bwiti-

dilwa.
basa,

BEDSTEAD,

mbuka,
;

6 (Bako)

kingembo,

BELIEF (creed), n., kwikizi, 6. BELIEVE (a person), v.t., kwikidila.

see think,

BEETLE, the unicorn,

fine metallic

also others of

zaya,
(of

& nkanka,
a matter),

colour, n.,

yunga,

8 (Bako).

BELIEVED, be kana.
cause to be,

v.i.,

App. kwi-

BEFALL, v., vaika. have befall one, v., vaikilwa. BEFITTING, be, v.i., songa.
it is, i

v.t.,

kwikanisa.

betela kiki.

BEFORE

(in time), adv.) e nkete, prewhich ceding the predicate, should be in the subj. mood, and only used where the action is not yet performed j before

BELOVED, a., -anzolwa, -a nsi a ntima (4). one specially, n., ntambuki, i 4. BEND, v.t., koza.
down,
v.i., v.t.,

yizika.
10.
:

yizama. BENEDICTION, n., lusambu,

you sit down, tie the goat, e nkete ofonga, okanga e nko-

BENEVOLENCE, mba, 2 pi. BENIGHTED, be,

.,

luzolo, 10

nge(of

v.i.,

bwitidilwa

mbo.
(in

place or time), prep.,

a.

kuna

ntll

time only), bubalala, yididilwa (mentally also).

BEREAVED,
yet... not), adv.,

be, v.,

fwilwa, kala

ku

(while as

wau
;

or
of,

fwidi.

una

ke...ko,

vava

ke...ko,

fwidilwa.
n.,

see also

yavana, App. before the time, wau ke kiafwene e

person,

mfwidi,
n.,

&

4.

BEREAVEMENT,

fwidi,

6.
2.

ntangwa
BEG
I

ko.

(beseech),

v.,

wondelela.

beg you to allow me further to remark, ke mu simba edi dia

begat,
.,

BERIBERI (?), n., mpimbu, BERYL, n., beril, 2. BESEECH, v., wondelela.

vova ko. BEGET, he who

miuti).

muti, 3

(pi.

BESIDE, adv., see as well, App. BEST, do one's very, v., babanisa, vangalela he did his best in
;

building

it,

obabanisi

yo

BEGIN,

bandama, toza, bantama, dokama.

v.t.,

tunga.
BET,
.,

ntela,

2.

BET-BLU
BETRAY
into
difficulties, v.t
,

(728
sinda-

BITTERNESS, continued.
of speech or feeling,
.,

kesa, twalakesa,

huidumuna,
girl),

lunkuln,

10.

lulumuna.

BLACK,
only of the
see

a., -afio.

BETROTHED

n. (used
2.
v.i.,

be, grow,

v.z.,

fiota.
(2).
2.

nzitikila,
also vaza,
feel
it

be very, via e mpila

BETTER, become,

under voza,

BLACKNESS,
excessive,

.,
.,

ndombola,
nziu, 2
;

App.

fio (pi. 6).

much, v., mona e lo (6). would be better or best to..., see wete-fiole ( 2), or o wete-wete,
1

BLAME,
.,

v.,

semba.

or mpasi, App. (rather), deke, vezi.

BETWEEN, adv., kuna or muna or vana mposoko see also under

;

lusembo, 10. BLASPHEME, ^.,tiangnna (oNzambi). BLASPHEMER, ., ntianguni, i, 2,& 4. BLAZE, ., nkwimu, 4. v. kwima, lekoka.

BLEND

(combine),

v.t.,

lumba.
;

kati, App.

BEVERAGE,
zana.

n.,

ndua,

nua,

9.

BEWAIL, with

gesticulations,

v.i.,

za-

BLESS, v.t., sambula. (as God, not invoke a blessing), v. vana e nsambu (2) see saku;

BEWARE

inter}.,

makono

BLESSED,
(12

BEWILDER, v.t., ziezianisa. BEWILDERED, be, v., zayi

zenzela, zieziana
plexed, be, p. 158,
;

n-)

muna, App. be, v. sambuka. blessed one, nsambuki, (i) nsambu.

t

.,

i,

nkwa

see also per-

&

App.

BID
BIG,

(tell), v.t.,

samwina.
;

BLESSING, an invocation of a, n., lusambu, 10 lutaulwilu, 10 lukandwilu, 10 ^^kandwila,App.

; ;
;

(command), kanikina. a., -ambafu, -ankofo

invoke,
see

utter,

pronounce,
;

v.t.,

also

nkingwa &
BIGGER,
be, or

utiangi, App.
size, v.i.,

become, in tuntuka e ntela (2).

-atonga. -antongO. BIGNESS (corpulence), n., tonga, 6. BIRD, young, //., nswidi, 4 (Bako).
(stout, great),

sambula, taulwila. BLOCK, single, ;z., ebaya, 8 it is one single block only, ebaya dimosi kiau ekulu. BLOCK the view, v.t., kika o meso
(pl- 7).

(of pigs only], a.,

something which blocks the view,

up, see obstruct,

BIRTH

(a 8 ;

being born), n., ewutuka, from his birth, tuka 6WU-

nkakidiswa, 2. App.
in by, be, v.,

BLOCKED

bambamena.

tuka diandi.
(a

BLOW
;

(a fire) v.,

lemona, lemuna.

bringing forth), n., ewuta, 8 her first bearing, ewuta diandi diantete.
n.,

along, v.i. t vekomoka. (as the wind), v.i., vekomoka, beba.

out (distend),

v.t.,

tuva, tividika.
the wind),
v.t.,

BIRTHRIGHT,
BISHOP,
BIT,
n.,

efwafwa,
i

8.

over or
6.

down

(of

n.,

nkengi,
;

4.
;

vitumuna.
tente,
2.

vasina, 6
little, n.,

bela, 6

up

(as

gunpowder),

v.t.,

vubuna.
was

least

nsunungina,

(slice), n., sele, 6.

(with the breath), v.t., fula. the manner in which a blow

struck,
.,

BITE,

v.,

off

a large piece,
a.,

vwengo-

ewanda,

8.

mona, vwengona.
BITTER, excessively,
kiolo, adv. e kiokiolo, e
4.

BLUNT, a., -ambufu-bufu. BLUNTNESS, ;/., bufu-bufu, 12. BLUSTER (in speech), v., vulumukina.
rush and bluster (as the wind),
v.i.)

BITTERNESS,

.,

nlula,
2.

excessive, n., ukio,

pekomoka, vekomoka.

729

BOA-BRI
(of a tree only),
n.,

BOAST, n., lusanu, 10. BOASTING, habit of, n., esemba, 8. BODY, dead (of an animal), n., fwila, 6. BOGIE, n., kakiingu, 9 ngobodi, 2.
;

BRANCH

ta,

(Bako).
small, kola,
6.

BOIL,

v.,

fukusa (Bako), bila (Bako).

branch out a second time (i.e. to put out a branch from a branch), v.,
tekola.

to pieces, v.t.,
v.t.,

bombomona. bombomoka.
kabuka.
;

BOLD,

be, v.,

BRASS wire, thick, BRAVERY, to show,

BOLDLY

to tell or speak, v., kabula he went and told it boldly to

ka
BREAD,

(3)

mbienga, 2. songa o mwia kiakala (5).

.,

v.,

n.,

the chief,

wele dio kabula

kwa

BREAK

in two, v.t.,
.,

kwanga, 6. minguna.
nkakilwa, bangula e
fight), v.,
2.

mfumu.
BOLDNESS,
n.,

(check),

mu,
BOLT

12

unkabu, 12 nkabu, 2.

ungya-

a law,

.,

nkuwu

(2)

(bar), n.,

BOND

(covenant),

mbindi, 2. n., ekangu, 8

6.
;

out (of a free

:

[nkindu

(2)

nka-

ngu,
(tie), n.,

4.

kangwa,

dituka. pull and break in two, zuzuna.

i-]

v.t.,

duduna,

BONDAGE, n., wayi, 12 BOOTH, n., lembeka, 6.

uwayi,
bayi,
a.,

12.

a vow,
2

(snap) in two, kendona. v., fumba e ndofi

take, v.,

(2).

BORDER
BORED,

of a

cloth,

n.,

(P.

BREAKFAST,

mina

e ete (8)

bainha).
in

see ete,

App.

many
v.,

places,

-azoko-

zoko.
be (wearied),

BREAST-CLOTH, n., lenga, 6. BREAST-PLATE, n., nkikwa (2) a tulu

(6).

sukwa

moyo

(3)

tantwa

mpasi

(2 pi.).

BREATHE
(3)

into, v.t.,
v.,

fuhunwina.

BORERS, those which destroy wood

in brackish water, n.,

the last gasp,

kuma

mongo

mumbidi,

3 (Solongo).

by many, adv., e kambakamba, e kakamba. BORROW, v.t., see also sombola, App.
at interest,

BORNE

a fwa. softly (as one asleep or unconscious), v., tumbula, tundula.

BREATHING, painful, with ekomongo, 8.

difficulty, n.,

dima.
a.,

BORROWED, BOTTLE (for

-ansompa.
n.,

BREED (stock), n., kuna, 12. BREEDER of stock, n., ntwedi,

& 4.

water for travelling),

luamba, 10. BOULDER, n., ngengele (2) a etadi. nkeBOUNDARY, n., mwingilu, 3
;

BREEZE, strong, n., tembo, 6 (Bako). BRIBE (to secure judgment), .,

v.,

mbabu, 2. vana e mbabu.

a, a.,

ndelo, 2

nsilu, 4

luiku,

10.
2.

given as

-ambabula.

BOUNDS

of moderation,
v.t.,

;/.,

ngingu,

Bow

down,

yizika.
8
see

yizama. BOWELS, n., ekati,

v.i.,

K.-Eng. App.

BRIBERY, n., mbabula, 2. BRIDE, n., ndumba, 2. BRIDEGROOM, kiyowa-nkula, 5 (so-called from the custom of
.,

be regular as regards one's bowels, v., mona o mafula (8). BOWL, n., lumpinu, 10 kila, 5.
;

rubbing a cosmetic of powdered camwood all over the body on

the festal occasion).

BOY,

n.,

kiusi,

(Bako).

BRIDESMAID,
BRIEF,
a.,
;

;/.,

ndumbizi,

2.

BRACKISH, a., -akanga (Solongo). BRAIN, ., tomvi, pi. 10 (Bako), wo-

-a kolo kiakete. so to state things briefly,

that,
it

BRIEFLY

mbo

(Solongo).

was arranged

kana meugi,

BRI-BUT

730

BRIEFLY, continued. vuya aka, dikubamene vo; see also story, App.

BUNDLE, BURDEN,

BRIGHT

(dazzling), a., e sezi (adv.}.

a.,

(giving light),

-antemo.
8.

efunda, 8. enatn, 8 zitu, BURIAL, ., zikwa, 6. BURN, z/./., yisa (Bako). fiercely, z/./., lekoka.
.,
.,
;

6.

be very,
dazzling,

z/.z.,

kengomoka.
.,

up, to

ashes,

z/.,

bomona, fumfula,

BRIGHTNESS,
.,

elezi-lezi,

fumpula.
z/./'.,

sezi, pi. 6.
.,

bomoka, boma.
1

BRILLIANCE, BRILLIANT, a

elezi-lezi, 8.

(set fire to),

z/./ .,

-elezi-lezi.

up with a

roar,

z/./.,

vika. kitima.

BRIM

of a hat,
(2).

matu

(pi. 9)

ma mpu

BURNING

BRING up

to the surface or
z/.,

the dead,

up from tumbulula.
App.
to
affair), v.t., zio-

fiercely, a., -anyuyi. be burning to (anxious), z/., viangaIwa or zinwa o moyo (3) or ntima (4) moyo or ntima (u-)
;

to perfection, see perfect,

viangala or zina.
(longing)
(3)
;

up again (some old

tola, not iised

of or

one's

lakukwa z/., jr K.-Eng. App.

moyo
z/.z'.,

betters;
(foster),

yangumnna.

z/.,tongonona, kubulula. (rear), z/., kudisa.

calycinium,^., luyuki, 10 (Bako) ; luyukia-yukia, 10
to atoms, be,
.,

BRIOPHYLLUM
(Bako).

BURNT, be (consumed by fire), ya (Bako). up to ashes, be, z/.z'., bomoka, boma. nduzu, 4. BURROW,
.,

BUSH

(jungle),
to,
z/.,

.,

mfuta,

4.

relapse
z/.,

futa.
profession),
.,

BROKEN

wesomoka.
;

BUSINESS

(trade,
4.

BROKERAGE,

mbata, 2 mboko, 2. BROTHER (used by or of the opposite sex only), n., nsanga, 2.
.,

nkono,

see also mwana-ngudi, App. BROW, mbunzu, 2. BRUISE (& cause swelling), z/./., fungumuna. BRUSHWOOD, just outside a town, nganzu, 2 nkunku, 2 (Bako). BRUTE, brutal fellow, mbangadi,
.,
;

(something to be attended to), nkolo, 4. (work in one's profession), mfunu, 4 he brought them a good deal of business, mfunu wingi kabatwasidi.
;

pressure

of,

lunzumbulu,
busy,

nziezie, 4 10

nzieta, 4
I

am

very

.,

nziezie

&

wingi
;

ngina
K.-Eng.

mbangazi,
6.

&

wan.
one's
first,
.,

bangazi,

vaki, 6
4.

see

BUBBLE

slowly (of thick fluids),

12

z/.,

App.
pressure
of,
.,

bwadinga. BUILD, ., kanda,

nziezie,

they are both of

the same build, yau ewole kanda umosi the build of one who comes early to maturity, kanda wa mvudi (4) or wa
;

nknnda-ngongo, 2. BUSTLE (rush), ngungula-ngu.,

BUSTARD,

ngnla, 2. BUSY, be very, z/.z., zuwana.

BUSYBODY,
be
a,
z/./.,

vulu-vulu

(6).
.,

nyakami, yakama.
.,

&

4.

BUILDING
BULKY,
be,

material,

ntungu,

BUT,

wz/., o
see}.

nlongo (=mpasi, which

;

(sing. only}.
z/./.,

yilalala.

render,

BUMP

yididika. (protruding lump),

z/./.,

(bringing a strong contrast), kaka do not as you like, but as I like,

.,

fungu-

ke nuvangi luzolo lueno ko

dia, 6.

luame kaka (mine

only).

731

BUT-CAS
(in

BUT, continued.
(except), see but now, see

CAPITAL

trade),
6.

.,

lusalu,

10

evengwa, App. kasi OWU, App.

ntetedi,
4.

kuta,

in slaves, n.,

kuta,

6.
i

BUTCHER,
BUTTRESS,
Iwa,

n.,

n.,

mwekwa,
;

nsiku2.

(Bako)

nsiamu,
kutula.

CAPTIVE, .,mbakami, (i)ambaki. a., -ambaki.

& 4 muntu
;

BUY
up,

(a slave only], v.t.,

v.t.,

CARE
nkaa-

(anxiety),

;/.,

songololo,
10.

6.

kita.
jackal),

(business),

lunzumbulu,

BUZZARD, jackal (buteo

yi-nuni,
2.

white-breasted,

n.,

nkodi

(2)

(concern), n., sunga-sunga, 6. done without any attempt at a., -afwatiku -fwatiku.

care,

nkwata.

be
of,

full

of care,

v.i.,

zumbuluka.

BY

(day by day, &c.), see ke, App.

C.
CAGE,
n., see

kenga, keya. (look after something alive or movable), v., lunga-lun^a, yenga-yenga. CAREFUL (against), be very, v., kuv.,

take good,

nkulubu, App.
(the true),
.,

kenka
ngongo

[reft,

(muna)].

CALABAR bean
(2)

antela.

CALABASH, medium-sized,

., mfiba, 4. unripe or blighted, ebubulu, 8. CALCULATE, v.t,, dikula. CALCULATION, by, adv., muna ki-

CARELESS, a., -ankwalu. manner, in a, adv., nkwalu. which involves great loss, n., nsoki see K.-Eng. (4) a mbwanzi (2)
;

App.
(blundering), n., nsansansalu, 2 see sansala. CARGO, n., enatu, 8. CARPENTER, n., mbangu (2) a nti (4).
;

CARELESSNESS

mbalu. CALL, v.t., loka (Bako), loka

(2)

mbila

(Bako).

for (on the way), v., vitula.

CARRIED on
v.,

(something to bokelesa.

be

brought),

industriously, be, finiziana.

(as

v.i.,

CARRY away
c.),

flood,

crowd,

(name), v., yika. out (to a duty), v., suma. over (names, items, &c.), tangu-

v.,

twalakesa, kukumuna,
v.t.,

vitumuna.
(an infant) in a sling,

zembeka.

muna.
out loudly,
v.,

kaluluka.
v.t.,

upon upon

(a fetish), v., vovelela.

on industriously, v.t., finizieka. on the head without holding, nata e ntentela (2).

for help (beseech), ndelela.

wo-

safely through danger, v.,

wombesa.

upon,

make a
.,

(visit), v.,

kangadila.

something very heavy, v., kaba. take up and carry away at once, v.t.,
kikula.

CALM, be, v., vuvama. samo (Fr. chameau). CAMEL, CAMCENSIA maxima (hot.), n., mfundangavu,
4-

CARTE BLANCHE,
misa
have,
v.i.,
(reft.}.

allow,

v.t.,

kuta-

kutamina

(reft.}.

CAMP

(regular resting-place
vellers), n.,

for

tra-

CARVE
CASE
to

(sculpture), v.t.,

sema.

eboko,

8.

CANDLE, n., nkengwa, 2. CANNIBAL, n., mundia-wantu, 3. bwatu (Bako, pi. matu), 13. CANOE, CAPE (headland), n., nkonko, 2 (So.,

pwa-meso, 6. be judged, n., mfundu, 4.

or in case of
(lest), conj.,

in point, n.,

in case that,

-nkwa.
(if

perhaps),
;

unkwa, unkwa kala

longo),

ekunkwa,

8.

vo

see

-nkwa, App.

CAS-CHA

732

CASING, ., ngumbu, 2. permanent, of leather, &c., n., kasu, 6. CASSAVA leaves, and a dish prepared from them, ., nsaki, 2.
small
field of,
fistula,
;/.,
.,

ntembelela,
4.
v.t.,

2.

CASSIA

nsazu,

-ankwamu. CEASELESS, CEASELESSNESS, n., kwaminini, 6. CELL, ., see esangala, 8, App. CENSURE, z/., semba. ?/., lusembo, 10. CENTI- (metre, &c.)= x 100, senti.,

CAST

(into

an abyss),

one's self
lala.

upon one's
v.t.,

face, v.,

nengona. buka-

(meta,

etc.).
.,

CASTRATE, CAT-FISH

nwata

(Bako).

(siluroid),

long-headed
;

CENTIME, sentime, 2. mwalala, 3. CENTIPEDE, CENTRE, n., ndunda, 2 the centre of the town, ndunda a evata.
.,
;

species of, n., dwele, 6 broad-headed, ngola, 2.

dole,

6.

the very,
line
(of

n.,

ediongi,

8.

something long, as road,

plank,
3.
c.),

CATCH

(seize), v.t., yimba. and carry away, v., kukula. by cunning or treachery, z/./.,

river,

n.,

munga-

nga,
lo-

weJa.
the foot and stumble,
v.z.,

kankala-

CEREMONIOUS, a., -afuka. CEREMONY, fuka, 6. perform a, z/., vanga e fuka.

.,

catch hold
in

kana, konkalakana. of, v.t., kwata, dima. great numbers (of fish), z/., fu-

CERTAIN, be ko he
;

(not fail), z/., ke lembi is certain to go, kele-

mbi kwenda
it is

ko.

muna.
in

very certain, e
ludi.

diambu yamu
App.

the very act

(of),

z/.,

vumbula
(pi. 6).

(muna).
sight
of,

(evident), see also laya,

z/./.,mona e kelezi

a certain,

up

(of one following), v., bakana; at last the other one caught up,

-mosi, in the secondary form, and prefixed with the article of its class a certain
a.,
;

okalokala babakanini.

man, o
o

muntu
all

omosi.

up

in one's
(13).

speech,

yaka

zunu

CERTAINLY

(by

means), adv., kiau

tu nki.
kokeka.
(surely), see

(with a

CATTLE,

hook or snare), v.t., ?z.,twezi, 6 (Bako).

be, get,

mpandi & lembwa, App.

n.,

CERTAINTY,
baika
10.

ziku, 6

lusikidisu,
facts),

CAUGHT,

become,

z/.z.,

(Bako). of a trap which

(sure

knowledge of the
6.
.,

.,

somehow,
sprung,
v.,

has been caught and cannot be

e

visa,

CERTIFICATE,

visa, 6

lusikidisu,6.

fwa

fumbi,

6.

CERTIFY
e

(formally),

v.t.,

visa
4.

see

be caught sight
kelezi

of, z/.z.,

moneka
;

K.-Eng. App.

(pi. 6).
;

CHAFE
ebandu, 8
8.
z/.,

(soreness), n.,
n.,

nlamu,
;

CAUSE,

n.,

bila, 6
8
;

eya-

CHAFF,

kieya,
(Bako).

(Bako)

bietula,

ndu,

elonda,

pi. 5

kiaki (with the appl. form), e bila ye ebandu. (origin), n., ntondo, 2. CAUTIOUS, be very (against), v., kufor this, e bila

ta kieya or bietula (Bako), kiekielela.

(for prisoner),
5.,

CHAIN

kingoyongo,

kenka

[re/I.,

(muna)].
;

to connect a prisoner with his keeper,

n., kimpanga-nkanu, 5. CHALCEDONY, kalsedone, 2. CHALLENGE, v.t., loba, see tuta nlembo (4), App.
.,

CAVE, n., nzimba, 2 nduka, 4. CAVITY, n., see esangala, 8, App. great, kompodia, 6, wompodia, CEASE, z/., voza.

6.

733

CHA-CHU
(brake),
.,

CHALLENGE,
gun

continued.
.,

CHECK
(4)

nkakilwa,

2.

fired as,

nzongo
zumbi,

a su-

ngu (6). CHANCE (luck),

own.
(opportunity),
(2),

;/.,

6.
v.,

kakila, kakidila. CHECK, v.t., ningika, kindika. CHEEK, a swollen, eyititi, 8.

?/.,
.,

have a chance (means),

kala yo

CHEWED

refuse, n.,
little,

nkamvi,
.,

4.
;

CHICKEN,
kala
e

susubwila, 6
5.

ye ntangwa
e

baka
(2).

ntangwa, vwa

kinsusubwila, CHILD, //., lezi, 6.

little,

nzila
give
a,
z/.,

bala-bala, 6
5

(Bako)
;

ki-

sila e nzila (2).

rn wana-mwana,

kingyana-

CHANGE

8. ., ekitu, (alteration), bring about (of heart, not of outward

ngyana,

5.

form),

i/./.,

kitumuna.
soba-soba,
2.

undersized, dwele, 6. the firstborn to a man,

(i)

.,

mwana
;

(of appearance), n., (of food), n., (of a palaver or

6.

a toko

(6).

mbingu,

only begotten,
v.t.,

language only),

my

bindama.
e'smind,77.z'.,vilukwa o ntima(4). or opinion, &c., v,i vilula.
,

this is ., kialati, 5 only child, kialati kiame kiki these are the only two I children have had, eyayi
;

CHANGED, be

(for

the bad), in opinion,

heart,
-z/./.,

character,

&

biondo6.

yalati yame. (If there were others, but they are dead, this word cannot be used.}

yau ayole

moka,|bendomoka. CHANGEABLENESS, n., vilu-vilu, nkwala, 2. CHANNEL, CHAPEL, n., esambiln, 8.

.,
.,

CHAPTER (in a book), ekono, 8. CHARGE not to, to, v., kanikina.
(before judges),
v.,

CHILLINESS, ., ezizima, 8. CHILLY, ., -ezizima. CHIN, zevo, 6 (Bako). CHIP, ., vasina, 6. CHOICE, allow free, v., kutamisa.
.,

CHOOSE

(select), v.t,

dimbuna,

ta.

funda.

CHORD

(load), n., zitu, 6.

of,

of music, n., eleko, 8. The following are the names of the

of,

place in, v., sia e kiyekwa (5) kia. take (of an orphan or helpless person or something in no one's
care),
-z/.,

ivory horns set to the chord

mi luenze,
1

10.
6. 2.

do

sengele,

sol,

ngandu,
8.

konkolola.
/z.,

mi, evula,
2.

CHARM
CHASE
.,

(fetish),

mpandu,
.,

CHARMS

(beauty),

wete,
in

12.

do, koka-titi, 6. the sound of the key-note, ekanda,

n.,
8.

(those

fleeing

war),

kulana.
nkula, 4. CHASM caused by the subsidence of the earth, ., volo, 6 voloka, 6.
;

CHORUS

or

choral

answer

in

anti-

CHASTENING (discipline), n., elongi, 8. (punishment), tumbu, 6. j^ ziku, App. CHASTITY, nkwa (i) lungwedi CHATTERBOX, (10), lumbwambokoso, 10.
.,

phonal song, n., nyaku, 4. to sing, v., yakulula, yakula. CHRISTIAN, ., Nkristu, i. a., -ankristu.

.,

CHRISTIANITY, n., kikristu, 5. lusansu, 10. CHRONICLES, CHRYSALIS, ., kintekwa, 5 (Bako)

.,

kinketa,

(Bako).
krisolite,
.,

CHEAP,

be, v.,

CHEAT (overreach), ngu (2).

v.t.,

fwika (Bako), fika. v.t'., teka e nga-

CHRYSOLITE, ;/., CHRYSOPRASE,

2.

CHURCH

krisoprase, 2. (building), esambilu, 8

.,

tekela e ngangu.

nzo

(2)

a Nzambi.

CHU-CLO
CHURCH,
continued.
of

(734)
CLEAR,
or
4
the
(a
be,
z>.z'.,

kia.

(company Church

Christians

make,

z/./.,

kiesa.
v.t.,

universal), nsa,

be (as crystal),

yedima.

Kristu).

CHURLISHNESS, nkumfu,

.,

nkumfu, 4

lu-

be (manifest), v.t., senzama. make, v.t., senzeka.

off, v.i.,

10.

vula.

CINNAMON,
nelle).
.,

?/.,

kanele, 2 (Fr. can-

the road (to allow some one to pass), v., sila e nzila (2) why did you
;

zongolo, 6 nkongolozi, 2. CIRCLE, CIRCUITOUS, BE, z/.z., viongoloka, viotakana, viondoloka, kondoloka, zieta. CIRCUMCISE, v.t., yotesa.
;

not clear the road for

the throat,
it is

me ? adieyi
nzila.

olembele kunsidila e
v.,

kekomona.
ditomene

(transparent), a., -amoni. (&c.) very clear that,

CIRCUMCISED, be, v.i., yota. usewa, 12. CIRCUMCISION, CIRCUMSPECT, be, v., kukenka (reft.). CIVILIZATION, n., j^ ngwizani, 2,
.,

kusenga.
it

is

quite ludi.

clear,

diambu yamu

App.

CLAMOUR,
.,

.,

miangu.,
.,

biaula, pi. 5 (Bako) pi. 3 ;16koso, 10.

CLEARING, make a good wide, v.f., venzomona. CLEARLY, clearly evidenced, adv., e

pwa-meso
visible, adv., e
(in

(6).

ezimi, 8. CLAN, tietiekele, pi. 6. CLANG, CLANGING, a., -angenge. uzimi, 12. CLANSHIP, CLAP the hands before beginning
.,

kimona-meso.

a clear open space),

v.,

vana mpe-

to

mbe (2). CLENCH the teeth, meno (pi. 7).

CLEVER,
be,
v.i.,

kamika

speak,
(of the

v.,

totola.
n.,

luenga, luengoloka.
i

hands, showing surprise),

8.

efufu,
clap thus,

-anluengi. person, ., nluengi,

a.,
.,
;

&
;

4.
;

v.,

bunda
vuba
;

e efufu.

(for thanks, congratulation,

or sur-

prise),

i/.,

he clapped

lue, pi. 6 luenga, 9 CLEVERNESS, ndwenga, pi. 2 diela, 7. CLICK inter/., kwaka twe
!

his

hands with

surprise, OVUbi-

CLIMB,

v.t.,
.,

kuma,

tota.
8.

di o lukofi.

CLOD,

ebwengelekete,

CLAPPING (noise), n., toto, 6. CLASP the hands over the head, v., ta kintanda (Bako), zinga e kintanda (5). CLASS (of men or society), #.,nzangi, 2. luwumba, 10. CLAY, pottery,
.,

CLOSE

together, adv., e kimfini (5).

up (as a wound), v., vinduka. kimfinangani, 5 CLOSENESS, mfinangani, 2 mfini, 2. 2. ., ndukutila, (stuffiness), CLOTH, see also ndembi-nona, App.
.,
;

mixture of clay with palm-wine, see

of fine texture,

towa, Appendix. CLEAN, be, ?/., lengoka, lenguka.

make (white and kengomona.

(a child
v.t.,

shining),

v.t.,

., nlaya, 4. house or duster, n., evuya, 8. loin cloth, having a fringe on its lower edge, n., pamba, 6. old or rough to wear at one's work,
.,

which has made a mess), komba, kokanisa (Bako) kusuna.

;

koka,

6.

red,

.,

salazi, 2 (P. sarge).

striped, n., tuta, 6.

CLEANING
be

rag,

.,

(as crystal),
n.,

evuya, 8. v.i., yedima.

pi. 6.

velvet

brocade

(native

cloth)

as
.,

CLEANNESS,

tununu,

woven on the Upper Kasai, nsimba-lusangu, 2.

735

CLO-COM
continued.

CLOTH, continued.
white baft, ., mpanu, 2 (P. panno). worn over the breasts, ., lenga, 6.

COME,
(of

sunshine after dulness),

it

z/.,

CLOTHES-HORSE,
on,
.,

line to
8.

hang clothes

teka. out (of something in which

was

ezalu,

CLOTHING, n., vwatwa, 6. CLUL, (kill with a club), ZA/., bola. CLUMSY, a., -ansansansalu. CLUSTER (group), ekutu, 8 ekutukutu, 8 ekuti, 8 kuti-kuti,6. CLUTCH, ?/./., fiantikina. COALESCE, z/.z., vukana.
.,
; ; ;

encased or embedded), z/./., 80koka. to the point or to business, ?/., zi-

kula

diambu

(7).
z/.,

to the surface,
to one's senses

up again,

tongo-

moka, tumbuluka.
or self, z/., vungnka, vungukilwa, kumona, kuzaya.
surface of

COAT,

.,

ekutuwa,

8.
.,

to

the

the earth,

z/./.,

Coco yam (Taro, Colocasea ?), mvindi (4) a elanga (8), mvindi mia malanga).
COGITATE, z/., lamba, dikula. COIL (of ntaku wire), sasa,
.,

bangumuka.
together (of persons only),
z/.z'.,

(pi.

lu-

ngwa.
violently (of

wind or

rain),

z/./'.,

vi-

6. (6).

kuka.
well together (as in a good joint),
77.,

COINCIDE, z/.,kwenda e bambala

COLD
a.,

(chilliness),
pi. 6.

ezizima, 8

todi,

vinduka.

COMFORT

(peace of mind),
;

?/.,

lufi-

-ezizima.
degrees, little by little, wonzekela, wonzolola, to-

COLLECT by
z/.,

auku, TO after a good

nzengele,

fiauzi, 12.

meal,
2.

sense
of

of,

?/.,

tolola.

COMFORTER
.,
;

(restorer

peace

of

COLLECTION, ngonzekela, 2. COLONY, evanga, 8 evanga dia

.,

mind), n., mfiaulwisi, i & 4. COMING, reason for, n., ngizilu, 2.

nsi

(2).

COMMAND,
also

.,

nkanikhm,

4.

COLOUR,

n., see

nziu

&

lo,

App.

z/.,

kanikina.
yika, followed by its object, otherwise vova must be used instead.
z/./., toza, bantama, bandama, dokama.

lose, ZAZ.,

seboka, pukuka.
matter,
.,

(tell to),
pi. 6.

COLOURING

dima,

COLUMN
(pillar),

(of

cloud
5.

or
8.

smoke),

n.,

kintungila,
.,
.,

COMMENCE,

elunzi,

(row),

nlonga,

4TV./.,
;

COME

(an angry word), do not come into

rascal),

viangila my house (you kuviangila mu nzo

COMMENCEMENT (the mbandamu, 2

COMMEND,
z/./.,

first

thing),
2.

.,

ngyatiku,

sanisa.

to one's charge,

yekeka.
.,

ame

ko.

crowds, v.t., nietoka, niotoka. a great crowd, ZAZ'., buka.

ito one's

COMMISSION mbata,
ndana.
sense,
.,

(fee),
2.

mboko,
in,

COMMON, have or
ntona,
a.,

possess
2.

v., le-

mind or head, yimamuna ntima (4). ive come into one's head, yimwa

(ordinary),

kibeni

see also

nmna
ito
it

ntima.
seloka.
z/.,

mpasi, App.

view,
(of

z/.z.,

COMMOTION,
tomboloka.
z/./.,

.,

pita-pita,

pi. 6.

new

leaves),

be

in great,

z/./.,

pitakana, pitana,
.,

(of sun,

moon and
z/.,

stars),

se-

tembela.
(noise indicating a commotion),

loka.
(of the stars),

deka.

ndiki-diki,

2.

COM-CON
COMMUNION, COMMUNITY,
ntwadi,
5.

736)

CONCLUDE,
I

continued.
this
;

conclude with

see

under ye-

COMPANION,

n.,

mpwa,
.,

(Bako)
5
;

mboki, 2 (Kib). COMPANIONSHIP,

kama, App. CONCLUSION, bring to a, z/./., fula. (decision), come to a, './., solola.
(end),
.,

kinkwa,
5

nsilu,

4.

unkwa,
ntwadi,
(on the way),

kintwadi,

u-

12.

nkangalu, 4. COMPANY (large number of people), 8. ., evwangi,

joint stock,

CONCORD, z/., wawana. ngwawani, 2. CONDUCT, by force, z/./., ekunkwa, 8. CONE,

.,
., .,

filakesa.

as

a,

kibale, adv., e kibale.

.,

5.

CONFIDE, z/.., fiata (P. confiar). vuvu, 6 lufiatu, CONFIDENCE, see also nka10 (P. confiar)
;
;

(on the way),

n.,

nkangalu,
z/./.,

4.

nka, App.
baseless,

COMPARE

together,

tezanisa,

kiememe,
v.,

5.

fwaninika.

COMPARISON, standard
nonga,
nonga.
6.
z/.,

of,

nonga-

make a comparison,
COMPEL,
z/.,

sia e nonga-

bunda e vuvu (6). mutual, bundana e vuvu. nkitiCONFLAGRATION, a great, mu, 4place, impose,
.,

CONFORM
(6)

to,

z/.,

kala

fwani-fwani

nwengena.
to, v.t.,
.,

COMPLAIN
App.

COMPLAISANCY,

yidimina. see ngeniba,

z/.,

to
2,

new

ye. conditions,

minuka.
z/.,
z/.,

CONFOUND (perplex), CONFUSE (derange),

(Bako),

kindakesa.

vwalangasa
;

COMPLETE
v.t.,

(perfect), be,

kunkuka,

vangama.
kunkula.
(of term, quantity), n.,
4.

CONFUSION,
in,

vwangalakesa. evwanga, 8
.,
;

ntia-

COMPLETION

ngalakani, 2 a., -evwanga.

in,
z/.z'.,

mpioto,

2.

nlungu,

rush along
&c.), v.,

vindana.
;/..

COMPOSE

(a speech, poetry,

CONGO FREE STATE,

ngani.

Ekongo

dia-

yinda.

COMPOSED
bwa.

(calm), be,

ntima

(4,

u-)

COMPOUND, see -anatana, App. COMPREHEND, z/., vungula.

COMPRESS, z/., koneka. COMPRESSED, be, z/.z'., kona. COMPULSION, mfunka,
.,

CONGRATULATE, z/., lufiaulwisu, 10 vana o lukofi, 10. CONGRATULATION, n., lukofi, 10. CONJUNCTION (gram.}, kangilwa, 6. CONQUER, z/./., tufakesa. tufakana. CONQUERED, be,
;

.,

z/.z'.,

was

under compulsion,
yasilu.

ku mfunka

CONSCIENCE, ntona, pi. 2. CONSCIOUSNESS, recover, z/.,vunguka, vungukilwa, kumona, ku.,

CONCAVE,

to be,

z/.z'.,

kompoka, ko-

zaya.

foka,

vompoka.

CONSIDER

carefully,

z/.,

lamba,
other,

di-

make, z/./., kofola, kompola, vompola. CONCEALED, a., -akinswekamena,

asweki.

kula, vimpita.

CONSIDERATION, show each

yinduziana.

z/.,

CONCERN
nga, CONCISION,

(anxious),
6.
.,

.,

sunga-su-

CONSOLATION, n., luwondelelo, 10 (act.), luwondeleko, 10 (pass.).

(peace of mind),
.,

fiauzi, 12

lu-

luseoko,
fula.

10.

fiauku,

io.

CONCLUDE,

T/./.,

CONSOLE,

z/./.,

wondeleka.

737

CON-COR

CONSTANT,

a.,

-ankwamu.
(unremitting),
v.t.,

be constant in
finizieka.

CONVERSANT, be well, v., -via, via e mpila (2), biluka. CONVERSE with, v.i., yambila yo
(Bako).

CONSTANTLY,

be,
n.,

?/.,

sama, lakama.
2.

CONSTIPATION,

mfinga,

CONSTRUCT
CONSULT,
(sit

(of

many

materials),

v.t.,

tudika.
v.i.,

CONVERSION, //., luviluku ntima (4). CONVERT, ;/., mvilu, 2.

v.,

(10)

lua

vetama
together)
;

(lay

their

vilula o ntima.
be, v.,

heads

vumbuka
baveta-

CONVERTED,

vilnkwa o ntima.
yisa (Bako).
v.i.,

up again) together, and

they consulted
then,

COOK
be

sufficiently, v.t.,

COOKED,

be,

v.i.,

ya

(Bako).

mene bavumbukidi. CONTAIN, v. Kongos do not say what a thing contains, but rather where the things are, or what things are in it this case
\

COOKING, cleverness
dishes out of

well, but not burnt, in

little

boma. making tasty

nothings,
n.,

velezieka, 6. make such dishes,

v.,

velezieka.

contains

nails,

nkele yayi
;

nsonso zina mo.

CONTEMPT,

n.,

lutunu, 10 (Bako)
;

COPPER, n., ngambaka, 2. COPULATE, v., zoma. (of animals), v., vukula.
COPY,
v.t., tanginina, tangununa. produced, n., tanginina, 6. to be imitated, n., mbandu,

luvezo, 10

lutialu, 10.
.,

CONTENTMENT,
fiauzi, 12.

lufiauku,

10

CONTENTIOUS
a

fellow,
(2).

.,

nganga

(2)

mpaka

CONTINUALLY, to... (do, &c.), v., lakama, sama; olakamene o kwenda, he went continually.

tangininwa, 6. exact, n., nkutu-bandu, 2. COPY-BOOK, n., nkanda (4) a nkutubandu.

CORD,

n.,

mfumvu,
palm
8.

2.

CONTINUE
doggedly,

to follow,

v.t.,

landidila,

plaited (of

frondlets, &c.),

;/.,

lakama.
v.i.,

ebese,

dokalala, finizieka.

long at

(a place), v.i., zingila.

CORDIALITY, n., luyayidilu, 10. CORDIALLY, treat, v.t., yayidila.

CONTINUOUS, a., -ankwamu. CONTINUOUSNESS, n., kwaminini, 6. CONTRACT, w.,nkangu, 4 ekangu, 8.

;

CORE

(heart, centre), n.,

CORN, very

soft green, n.,

n.,

kingudi, 5. ntwenia, 4.
(pi.

(grain generally),

ma

6)

ya

v.t.,

kanga

ekangu.
o

(stipulation), ebika, 8, genly. plural.

mbwaza. CORNER, n., nzinga,

v.t.,

4.

CONTRADICT (deny), v.t., vakula nkalu (4). CONTRARY, be (of the wind), v.

vakika.
c.,

of a sheet,
[e

nsambu,

2.

CORPSE,

tembwa
act

(6) ki-]

tala.

deceased, App. dry a corpse, v.t., kavisa.

n., see

contrary to advice,

kuzuka

malongi (pi. 8). CONTRIBUTE, v., kuba. CONTRIBUTION, n., ekau, 8. CONTROL, beyond all, a., -atununu. be, v.i., tununuka.
proper, n., tivnu, 6 lutunu, 10. be well under, v., tuna.
;

CORPULENCE, n., tonga, 6. CORPULENT, a., -atonga. CORRECT, a., -akosi, -avia
to

mpila

correct speech, mambumakosi. pattern or gauge, a., -anonga-

nonga.

CORRECTNESS
CORRUGATION,

(in

manner,
n.,
.,

style,

speech, &c.),
a,

kosi,

6.

CONVALESCENCE, n., lo, 6. CONVALESCENT, be, v., mona

mungumbuti,;^.
v.,

e lo

(6).

CORRUPT (make evil),

bangumunU
3

COR-CRO
CORRUPT,
se

738

continued.
(4)
\

CRAFT,

n.,

ekondeka,
7.

ekoneka, 8

mbi

of persons or bi (12)
yivisa.
j

diela,

of things

CRAFTILY,

act, v.,

teka
n.,

ngangu
2.

(2).

CORRUPTIBLE

(perishing),^, -anwodi.

CRAFTSMAN, a good,
CRAG, a
beetling, n.,

mfuzi,

be, v., wolakana. CORRUPTION, n., uwolezia, 12. COST (altogether), v., kota muna;

lunengananu,
after
sitting
9.

10.

CRAMP and

stiffness
;/.,

a
in

long while,
a
forest, n.,
for, n.,

suka-suka,
4.

they cost 100 brass rods, zikotele muna loontaku.

CRASHING, made by a great beast

mfoto,

COUNCILLOR, the most

nemfilatu, i. COUNSEL, v.t., kubikila.

trusted,

n.,

CRAVING
mad,

v.,

kinzola-nzola, 5. he is mad for eketo, 8

;

COUNT
by

carelessly, v.t., lambakesa. turning up at one corner, v.,

water, eketo diau.

into

dia

maza kena
shapeless

CREATE (make something

some
n., n.,

samba.

form),

v.t.,
8.

sema.

COUNTENANCE,

n., zizi, 6.

CREATION,

esemo,

COUNTRY
far

(in

contradistinction to the

the whole,

town),
8.

n.,

evinza,
n.,

8.

away, foreign,
n.,

malongo,
;

pi.

(a

nsema, 4 see also lelelwa (pl.6) ya Nzambi, App. creating), nsema, 2.

;

CREDIT
;

on,

n.,

e kipodi,
6.

see

trust,

unkabu, 12 ungyamu, 12 nkabu, 2. COURAGEOUS, be, v., kabuka. COURT, before an open, adv., ova

COURAGE,

App.

CREED, CREEK,

n.,
n.,

kwikizi,

mwidila,

3 (Bako)

nsu-

lu,

4;

etenda-nkongolo.
(of a king),

open

a, see

App. mbazi a nkanu, App.

lelelwa,
6,
;

n., see

CREEPER, thorny, n., ewole, 8 ewele, 8. CRETONNE, any cloth of floral design
in

COURTEOUS, a., -afuka. COVENANT, n., ekangu, 8 nkangu,

CREW
4.

many colours, n., esungi, 8. of a ship, one of, n., mumpa2.

It is better to use the former for

the singular, and the latter in the plural, unless the singular

mbala, 3. CRICKET, mole, n., nzenze,

(small), n.,

kinzenze,

5.

CRIME, be
(4)-

guilty of, v.,

nata

nkanu

and
with

the plural are mentioned

close together, to

avoid confusion

capital, na.ta e

mpanda (2).

makangu (pi. 8), friends, and nkangu (4), a crowd,

make
COVER,
a,
v.,

a terrible crime which can never be atoned for, n., mungadu, 3 (P. ?

kanga
4.

ekangu,

peccado

?)

or o nkangu,
n.,

fukwa,

6.

very great, see ngungu, App. CRISP, be hard and, v.i., balalala.

imperfectly,

v., see

vunga, App.

make,

v.t.,

badidika.

COVERING,

outer, n.,

ngumbu,
!

2.

CRACK

CROOKED, be, v.i., bendomoka, benda,

viongoloka,

interj.,
!

balanganza

kwa-

ka twe

viotakana,

zu-

ngumuka.
mouth, ndu(as a road, fence, &c.), a.,
2.

in the corner of one's

ngununa,

make,
ringers or
(2).

in the lip, ;/., nsivu-sivu, 2. in the skin between the

-ampiolo. bendesa, bendomona, viongolola, viotakesa.

v.t.,
;

toes, n.,

nsingu

(2)

a nzi

CRACKING
the
"

of twigs by an animal in
bush,"
n., tie-tie, 6.

CROOKEDNESS (of disposition), n., nkumfu, 4 see also nya, App. CROP, n., nkumbu, 4.
CROSS
(lay athwart), v.t.,

kambika.

(739)
CROSS-EXAMINE, v., kunka. CROSS-EYED, make, v.t., vididika o
CRY, continued.

CRO-CUT

meso (pi. 7). be, meso (ma-) vilalala. CROSS-PIECE or line, n., nkayikwa, CROSS-WISE, adv., ku nkayikwa. CROW, v.i., kuba.

out aloud in song, v., yengoloka. (scream as an infant), yabala, ya-

2.

yakiana. n., kube, 2. CUBIC, a., -akube.

CUBE,

CROWD

(throng) zadila.

about

(one),

v.t.,

CULTIVATED country, n., evinza, 8. ekoCUNNING, n., ekondeka, 8

;

around

(of a great crowd),

v.i.,

fi-

neka, 8 (generally pl.) diela, 7. false, which fails entirely in its pur;

tama. around some one, v.t., fitamena. (come crowding), v.i., longomoka.
a great, n., bidi, 6
;

pose,

;/.,

ngangu

(2)

zezala

C8)

or zavululu.
wicked,
n.,

umpuka,

12.

ebidi,

8.

(group,

cluster,

mob), ekutu,
8
;

one distinguished for, kimpuka, 5. CUPBOARD, n., nswekelo, 4 mvaka,

;

ekutu-kutu,

ekuti, 8

kuti-

elundilu,

8.

kuti, 6; ntuti, 4. dense, see koka, App.

(things
into

something),

v.t.,

ko-

mangesa. CROWDING and treading upon one another, adv., o mandiatani

(pl. 7).

CURIOSITY, n., untongolozi, 12. CURIOUS, be (prying), v.t., tongolola. CURRENCY, n., nzimbu, 2. The oldest currency we can hear of was a mat of palm-fibre cloth,

lusambu (u & 2), 6xi inch, generally made up in bundles of

10.

together, go,

v.i.,

vindana.
;

They still

linger in use to the

kolowa, 2 (P. coroa) see also kiandu, App. CRUCIFIX, n., see under nketekwa, App. CRUEL, a., -anduvu, -alunkulu, -alufuma.

CROWN,

n.,

north of Matadi.

They were

re-

placed about 1830 by red glass olive beads, mbembe, 2, which gave way in about 1863 to a hexagonal blue pipe glass bead
-inch in diameter,

nzimbu,
prevail.
3.

2,

CRUELTY,
(in

nduvu, 4 lunkulu, 10 mfunia, 2 lufuma, 10.

.,
; ;

dinga,

6,

which
n.,

still

CURRENT,
CURSE,
n.,

strong,

mwahi,
;

beating only), bobobo,

;

6.
6.

CRUMB, n., nkesona, 2 CRUNCH, v., kukuta. CRUSH, v.t., tufakesa.

v.t.,

vesona,

nlaza, 4 (Bako) ndaza, 2 see sibu, 6, & kandu, 6, App.

against the side of the cooking pot,

iiieta (Bako), vota.

CURSED (infamous), a., -asungu. CURVATURE, amount of, #.,enunga, 8. CURVE (winding), n., mongola, 3. CUSHION to support the knee when
squatting,
n.,

and make a mess, v.t., tufuna. into pulp, v.t., nianzuna, niasuna.

nsikinwa,
elolo
(8)

ndezi, 2

mnngitunu,2
n.,

(Bako).

CRUSHED
with

to atoms, be, v.,

rubbing funta.

wesomoka. movement, v.t.,

n.,

CUSTARD

apple,

dia
4.

mputu. CUSTOM, established,

(habit), n.,

n.,

nkiku,
;

CRUX (chief difficulty),

CRY,
n.,

vaki,
(9).

6.

minu,
a.,

6.

boko,
to, v.,
v.t.,

6.

CUSTOMARY,

kibeni

customary
12.

begin

seloka o dila
loka.

style of writing, esoneka kibeni.

loudly,

CUSTOMS

^toll), n.,

vaku,
(with
v.t.,

(making a great

noise), v.i., vodiana,

CUT

at,

make a
fell),

sword

or

wodiana.
out loudly,
v.t.,

large knife),

saka.

kaluluka.

(hew,

viva.

CUT-DEA
CUT, continued,

740

DARK,

continued.

or small pieces (of cassava only), a., -awele-wele. make a small cut, venzona.
in short
off (a slice, piece), off (trim),

ku-] lakama or (ku-) bwitaor bwitalala bubalala. be in the dark about (a matter),
;

vasuna.
in

v. z'.,

yididilwa.

kumpa, kumpika.

the (concerning a matter),

oku

of

something hollow, vJ., bwa-

bubidi

(6).

nguna.
(surgically), v., see seola, App. (on the temples, made in the opera-

tion of cupping),

72.,

kioba,

5.

DARKEN, v.t., bwitidika. DARKENED, be, z/.z., bwitalala. DARKENING, a, n., ndombola, 2. DARKNESS (blackness), n., ndombola, 2.

round the margins of the

hair, v.,

deka

nsuki

(2).

(mental or actual),
(obscurity),
.,

.,

bubidi,
-

6.

a small piece (of something eatable), v. /., zuna. the throat, zenga e elaka (8).
(trim),

lumvungia

mvu-

ngia,

10.

DARLING,
a.,

kumpa, kumpika.

up up

(a carcase of meat), v.t., teta. to pieces (of grass, paper, leaves,

n. (very precious thing), lengezia, 6 diabonda, 7. -a nsi a ntima.

;

DASH

(bound)
v.f.,

at, v.f.,

vulumukina.
v.i.,

&c., kela.

against,
2.

wula muna.
be,

(wound),

.,

ndwadi,
;/.,

DASHED

against,
see

wulama

cuts (on cut glass),

se, 6.

CYCLONE, CYLINDER,

.,

nebidi,

2.
2.

muna. DAUGHTER, n.,

wuta, App.
.,

n.,

silinda,

daughter or son-in-law, (i) a longo (10).

mwana
2
;

DAWN,

^.,

mvunga-vunga,
;

nkie-

D.
DABBLE
(as

a duck

in the

mud),

v.t.,

wunzulula.

minkia, pi. 3. v.i. tendoka the day is going to dawn, o kuma se kutendoka. DAY, some or one, adv., oku kukwit

lelo, 2

DANCE, a pause and change in a, #., ekuma, 8. sumbu (Bako), 6 vonza, DANGER,
.,
;

ziwa.

star,.,ntetembwa(2)ankielelo(2). upon which there is no market,

lenga, 6

vangu,

6.

be

in, v.,

sumbuka (Bako), mona vonza or vangu or lenga.

a.,

DANGEROUS,

-ambengo-mbengo,

DARE

-avangu, -alenga, -avonza. to, v., kabuka (followed by the dares he to infinitive noun) enter in ? nga kabuka keka;

lumbu (6) kiansuwa. DAYLIGHT, minkia, pi. 3. e sezi (adv.). DAZZLING, selo, 6. DEACON, DEAD, be quite, v., fumbuka.
.,
., .,

cold and, vola.

(a

euphemism), budika.
from
all

raisefrom the, ?/./"., futumuna (Bako).

rise

buka
. . .

kota
to, v.,

not to dare
ko,
;

ke

vwa owu wa

DEAF,
to

the, v.i., futumuka (Bako). see also pupu, App.

.,

subj.

with the fut. conseq. he dared not move, ka;

to mention,

vwidi owu kanikuna ko. he ventured 77., kabula to go and tell it to the chief, wele dio kabula kwa mfumu.
grow, or
be, v.,

arguments, one who is, pukidi-matu, 6 pupulu, 6. DEALINGS with, have, v., kala kumosi ye.
;

DEATH,

the cause
.,

of,

.,

lufwa,
1

10.
;

sudden,

lufwa
4.

(to"

luakanku

DARK

[kuma

(9)

ntintu,

74i

DEA-IJI-.I'

DEATH,

continued.

DEFENCE,
6.

continued.

violent, n.,

sungu,

speech

in

defence

of,

;/.,

vovelo,

6.

.,mvunda,4result of over-feeding, mvunda a dia. dekaDECA- (metre, &c.) = x 10

DEBAUCH,

evil effects of,

DEFEND, v.t., kangula. DEFER, v.t., vengekela. theday(c.),lambulaelumbu(c.).

(meta, &c.).

DECANT, v.t., longolola. DECAYED, something, n., wolezia, 6. it is not proper to DECEASED, the,
.,

DEFILE,

v.t.,

safula, bolola.
.,
;

mention the name of one recently dead, and to avoid it the following are used: mpasi, 2 (the
trouble) ; ezina, 8 (the name), class nouns, \st treated as o mpasi, o ezina (o 'zina) also
;

DEFILEMENT, nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. DEFINE (explain), v.t., sasuna. DEFLOWER, v., tetela. DEFRAUD, v.t., tekela e ngangu (2). DEGRADE, v.t., see bolola, App.
ke -andwelo, ke vevi ko. DEJECTION of spirits, n., zowalala, 9. DELAY, v.t., kindika, ningika. ezi(tarrying), n., mazinga, pi. 8 ngu, 8. DELICATE, a thing which is very, n.,

DEGREE,

(of persons only), kunkula. in no small degree,

mfu

(Bako),

4.

DECEIT, n., luvunginiku, 10; luvuki, 10. DECEITFULLY, act, v.i., teka e nga-

ngu

(2).

DECEITFULNESS, n., umpuki, 12. DECEIVE, v.t., vukika, vunginika. DECEIVED, be, v., vukama, vunganana.

bekenge,

6.

DELIGHT, n., ekembo, 8. DELIGHTED, be (because of some

acquisition), v., pata.

great

DECEPTION
c.).

(feigning)

DECI- (metre,

.,kuvunina,9. l &c.)= T o desi-(meta,

>

DELIVER

DECIDE (come
ntima
(4).

to

a
o

decision),

v.,

yambukwa

moyo
"), v.t.,

(3)

or

(protect), z/., kankana. DELIVERER, n., kangi, 6. DELUDE, v., vukika, vunginika. DELUDED, be, z/., vukama, vunga-

nana.
solola.
a, v.,

a case in court (" find

DEMANDED

DECISION, prepare or come kubika.

in a

to

to have it, z/., was demanded of him by the chief, i kazolelwa

of

one,
it

zolelwa

law court,

n.,

nzengo,

2.

kwa mfumu.
App.

(judgment),

n., see

mpiku,

2,

DEMIJOHN,
.,

small,

n.,

nzanda,
v.,

4.

DECLARE

officially, v.,
a.,

teleka.

DECOMPOSING,

DECREASE
.,

(in size), v.L,

DECREASED, a., DEED, evangu, 8. DEFACE, v., bandula. DEFECT, twangu, 6. DEFENCE, make a (by concocting some excuse), v., vala o mabu.,

-anwodi. keva. -akeva.

DEMON, nkwiya, 4. DEMONSTRATE (prove),

leka
(pi. 5).

sia e ye-

DENY,
far

v.,

vakula o nkalu
v.i.,

(4).

DEPART (of many only}, v.i., wunguka.

away,

vekomoka.

DEPEND (upon), v., sia e fika (6) ye kamba (6) muna, sia or bunda e vuvu (6).
DEPENDABLE,
DEPOSE,
v.t.,
a.,

ngwa
prepare
a,

(pi. 8)

or e
o

mpiku

(2).

-afika ye

kamba,

lamba
(in

niabungwa or
v.,

-akwikizi, -avuvu, -aziku.

e mpiku. make a defence

e

kunkula.

a court),

yeleka

(pi. 5), lit. to

songa show the

DEPRESS (the spirits), v., zoweleka. DEPRESSED in spirits, be, v., zowalala.

true facts.

DEP-DlG
.,

742

DEPRESSION of spirits, zowalala, 9. DERANGE, z/., vwalangasa (Bako). DERANGEMENT, mpioto, 2 mpi.,
;

DETERMINED

(to),

be very,

z/.,

sia e

tiku-mpitiku, aku, 4.

ntiaku-nti2

ekami (8, dia). DETHRONE, v.t., kunkula. DEVASTATE, z/./., fwantakesa.

DEVIL,
.,

bilungi, 2 (Angola?); see

DESCENDANTS,
DESERVE,
DESIRE,
n.,
z/.z.,

n.,

mbongo,

also nkadi,

A pp.
see
v.t.,

DEVOTEDNESS,
fwanukina,
2.
z/.,

.,

nkanka, App.
piantula.

fwa-

DEVOUR

greedily,
.,

nukwa.
nzola,
earnestly, intensely,

lekokelwa

kolowa, 2 (P. coroa). DIADEM, nsienene, 2. DIARRHCEA, severe, v. (an euphemism used of DIE,
.,

0r lekukilwa 0r lengokelwa #r lengukilwa #r zinwa or

great people),

yekama

nima
ac-

a kiandu.
natural death (of one's
cord), not

lakukilwa o moyo; sia...e etima (8) fwila...e baba (6).

;

own
z/.,

by

violence,

ku-

(for

something, longing),
10
;

(after),

n., luema, evelema, 8. elemena, 8 (dia) intense,

.,
;

fwila.
slowly and without apparent cause,
z/.,

singa.
z/.,

eketo, 8 (dia)

nlekoko
;

(4)

suddenly,
the,

kankuka.
;

moyo

(3)

of one's heart,

.,

baba, 6. etima, 8

DIFFERENCE
nsi
(2)
.,

(between), the nature of luswaswanu, 10 they

to

a ntima
passionately,

(4).
v.t.,

carefully explained

me

the

ketokela
;

(8).

difference,

DESIRED

he desired unzolesele kenda. DESOLATION (of a deserted town), #.,

to, be,

zolesela

nga

batomene luswaswanu.

kunsois

him

to go,

(indefinite),nswaswani,2; there
difference,

nswaswani ina
z/.z'.,

ko.

uzumbu, 12 mfuta, 2. DESOLATE (bare), a., -angidinginza.

;

DIFFERENT, be
guage
;

(of a palaver

or lan;

only),

bindama
;

(solitary, of places only), a.,

-asombe a solitary town, evata diasombe.

their
e

language

is

different,

ndinga au ibindamene

the

DESPAIR, z/.z., moyo (3, u-) zeza. DESPISE, z'./., veza, bembola. DESTITUTE, a., -ansukami (pi. asukami). DESTROY, z/./., bunga, fwasa. (make an end of), z/., funka.
(spoil),
z>./.,

palaver takes a different form, assumes a different aspect, e

diambu
DIFFICULT
to

se

dibindama.
.,

(arduous),

-afuki.

(scatter about),

bwangalakesa. z/./., pangalakesa.

z/.,

comprehend or explain, a., -ampimpita. DIFFICULTY, lenga, pi. 6; vangu,

.,

pi.

DESTROYED

utterly, be,
.,

kufwila.
10.
z/./.,

DESTRUCTION, DETAIL (give a

lufwasu,

detailed account),

DIFFUSED bundumuka. DIG up (things close

z/.z'.,

vonza, pi. 6. (of an odour),

be,

ZAZ'.,

to the surface),

tetomona.
^give the details, items),
z/.,

funta.

tangu-

muna, DETECT in the very act (of), z/., vumbula (muna). DETERMINATION, have a strong, z/., kanama.
to

root and all together, z/./., sebola. DIGEST, z/., bululwisa. DIGESTED, be, z/.z'., bululuka. mbululuka, 2 lubuDIGESTION,
.,
;

lulwisu,
chefia).

10.
.,

DIGNIFIED bearing,
maintain,
z/.,

tifu,

(P.

do something bad^
nkasi,
2.

z/.,

sulama.

fierce, n.,

tifuka

(perf. -ini).

743

DlL-DlS
DISCOVER, continued.
one's self (leave a hiding-place),
z/.,

DILIGENCE,

n.,

kiakasa,

sungi-

didi, 6.

DinciENT

kuzika, siamisa, sia...e etima (8) or sungididi (6) or swiswi (6) or

v.,

about, be very,

kusenga.

DISCOVERED

with, be,

z/.,

soloka ye.

o luntati (10).

DISCREET, be very,z/.,kukenka (reft.}. Discuss point by point, v., balula.

together very obstinately or strongly,
TA,

DIMPLED, be, v.t., kompoka, koboka. DIP (as a morsel in the gravy), v.,
vungila. (with a quick movement),
v.t.,

zaba.

DISCUSSION, yaya.
v.t.,

bambana, zekana. be much under,

2/.z'.,

DIRECT
o

(of

some

part of the body),

DISENTANGLE (something
tandula.
v.j

hitched),

v.t., fila,

to place the legs, fila

(9 pi.)-

malu

direct path, a, ;/.,nzila (2) -abatu-

abatn.

DIRECTION,

n.,

nsongi, 2

in the direction of

my

gone town,kuna
is

he

DISESTEEM, nsavu, DISFIGURE, DISGRACE,

.,

savula, bembola.

4.
v.,
.,

bandula.

luvungu, 10;
10.

lutu-

mbuku,

in

nsongi a evata diame kele. which one's head lay when lying down, n., mfilu (2) a ntu (4). of the feet, ndambilu (2) a malu (9).
(tarnish, grimed), v.i.,

DISGUSTED, be, v., kenonoka. DISGUSTING (sickening), a., -aluenia.

DIRTY, become
vesoka.
a.,

vonda o ntima (4). DISHEARTEN, DISHEARTENED, be, z/.z., fuwa o ntima (4).
/.,

in, v.t.,

fwilwa...o ntima.
n.,

-eveso.
dirty

DISHONOUR,
and
spoil, v.t.,

nsavu, 4

lutumbu-

make

bandiila,

ku,

10.

bolola.

make foul, safula. DISAGREEABLE person,

nia,
3,

DISINTER, v., vundumuna. DISLIKE, for some fault or defect,

see

v.t.,

munga-

App.

DISANNUL a covenant, v., kangula e ekangu (8). DISAPPEAR, v.i., pumuka, vempoka,
lala.
slowly,
v.i.,

twanga. DISLIKED, be strongly (in consequence of wrong committed), v., sumukwa.

DISMAY

(fright,
9.

fear),.,kinkenda,

keza,

komoka.
be, v., tionga,

DISMISS, as of no further use,

z/./.,

DISAPPOINTED,

kafa-

tengola.

lala, ntima (4 u-) kafalala. DISAPPOINTMENT, n., lukonananu (10) lua ntima (4). DISARRANGE, v., tiangalakesa.

DISOBEDIENCE,
nganzi,
2.

.,

bukolo, 12 (Bako)

(regardlessness), nlandu, 4.

DISOBEDIENT
ndu.

(regardless),

.,

-anla-

DISCIPLE,

4. nlongoki, i v., longakesa. DISCIPLINE (chastening), n., elongi, 8. DISCLOSE, inadvertently, v.t., sundakesa, lutakesa. DISCONTINUE a habit which was once
;/.,

DISORDER

(derangement),
;

n.,

mpiti;

ku-mpitiku, 2 mpioto, 2 ntiaku-ntiaku, 4 evwanga, 8.

;

v.t.,

vwalangasa (Bako).
-evwanga.

in, a.,

frequent,

v.,

DISCOVER (find), mbula.

(invent),
v.t.,

kenga. v.t., dimbula,

zi-

semona, selomona,

n., ntumpa-ntumpa, 4. DISPARAGEMENT, n., nsavu, 4. DISPENSATION (regime), n., esansu, 8. DISPERSE (of crowds, clouds, &c.), z/.z.,

(anarchy),

solomona.

vula.

Dis-Dow
DISPERSE, continued.
in all directions, in disorder,
-z/./.,

744

sia

DIVIDE, by cutting right through, of something 'which is hollow, v.t.,

ntiaku-ntiaku
be, v.,

(4).

bwanguna.
(4);

DISPIRITED,

luwa

ntima

up something which

is

very small to
v.,

see also

kufianunga,

A pp.
of),

be divided among so many,

DISPLACE (by taking the place

v.t.,

lufa.

kankana. DIVIDED, be (in a

z/.,

state of division),

DISPLEASE, v.t., kafidika(o ntima, 4)DISPLEASED, be, z/., [ntima (4) u-]
kafalala.

bulana.
n.,

DIVISION (mathematical),
yanisu, 10
;

luka10.
2.

lukayilu,

DISPUTE, love
to start a,
z>.,

of, n.,

nzekani, leka e mpaka

2.

(2).

DIVISOR
12,

., mpambula, (a separation), in arithmetic, n., vaudi, 6.

(wrangle),

v.,

zekana, bambana.

DISREGARD,
App.

n., see

umpavuludia,
10, n.

Do,

DIZZINESS, n., nzieta, 4 v.t., sadika.

do... a
little,

nziezie,

4..

(contempt) lutialu,
(put up with)
utterly, v.t.,
z/./.,

vukula.
as

zengeneka. DISRESPECT, z/./., bembola, savula,

veza.

wait v. atix., vuna vuna dingama lift it up a trifle, vuna kio zangula. one likes with, v., see zanuna &
;

little,

zanu, App.
at once, v.t.,
clearly, v.t.,

nzengenga, 2. utterly, z/./., zengeneka. kuvunina, i. DISSEMBLER, DISSOLUTENESS, yingalu, pi. DISSUADE, z/., kulula.
utter, n.,
.,

vanga-vanga. tumbula.
;

.,

5.

do much, exceedingly, repeatedly, z/., he treated him vangulula repeatedly in manner which would destroy all kindly feeling,

DISTEND (blow

out),

z/./.,

tuva, tuvi-

umvangulwidioma
for

ma
if],

dika, tividika. DISTENDED, be, z/./., tuvalala.

nkatulu a unkanka. (have much to show

v.t.,

something,

.,

DISTENSION, DISTINCTLY, do,

.,

tuvala, 6. tuvalala,
z/./.,

totola.
v.t.,

9.

slowly, gently,

lelemba.
v.t.,

tumbula.

that which

is

bad only,
v.,
;

sula.

tumbula o vova (9) or e ndinga (2). write, v.t., tumbula o soneka (9). DISTORT (make crooked), z/./., viongospeak,
v.t.,

thoroughly well,

vangalela
oughly,

vangalala ye, do this work thor-

toma vangalala ye salu kiaki or toma vangalela

I

lola,

viotakesa, vioteka, zube,

z/./.,

e salu kiaki.
this is all that

ngumuna.
DISTORTED,
viongoloka, viotakana, viotama, zungu-

can do

for you, i

ndenda kuvangila aka DOCTRINE, n., nlongi, 4.

didi.

muka.
DISTRACT, z/., vukula. DISTRESS, to, v.t., zubana, kendalala, kandidika o ntima (4). (worry), v.t., funtuna.
kendalala, ntima (4, u-) kandalala. DISTRESSING, very, a., -alukendalalu.
very,
v.i.,

DODGE

about,

z/./.,

vezozioka.

DOER, n., see mumpanga, App. DOME, ngumba, 2. DONE, be, v.i., salama, saluka. ebuluku, 8 (P. burro). DONKEY,
.,
.,

DISTRESSED, be

DOUBLE up

(as

with

pain

in

the

DISTRICT,

n.,

zunga,6
(riot),

DISTURBANCE

.,

mvivu, 4. nsonsa (4)

fumbalala. DOUBT, no, adv., e kieleka kiau. DOWRY paid for a wife, n., nzimbu
stomach),
v.i.,

(pi.

2)

or
(4)

mbiya

(sing.

2)

or

yo niku-niku

(4).

nkanda

a longo.

745

DRA-EAR
the
(4)

DRAG

about,

v.i.,

tuluza.

DRUNKENNESS,
n.,
9.

after-effects

of,

heavily,

v.i.,

sindama.
;

mvunda
v.,

a nua.

DRAGON, n., ngobodi, 2 kakiingu, DRAPE, z/./., zembeleka. DRXUGHT (drunk), n., ndua, 2. (of air), mwalu (3) a kiozi (5).

DRY

(a corpse), v.t.,

kavisa.

be hard and,

koya. very, adv., e koyo. be (as paint, mud, gum, &c., of

films only},
v.,

DRAW

aside

(a

curtain,

c.),

v.t.,

babalala.
liquids), v.i.,

vungumuna.
away, off (in numbers), v.t., kokela. (\ bow), v.t., nanumuna, vuna.

become (of things not wuminina.

DUMBFOUNDED,
DUNG,
n.,

up into folds or puckers,

tidika.
z/./.,
.

v.t.,

ku-

be, v.i., zenganana, yenganana, kuzengeneka.

kutalala draw (water), something with which

to, n.,

of birds,

DUSTY
DUTY,

uyi, 12 wiyi, 12; yi, 12. n., nsasa, 2. state, in a very, adv., e bu;

tekwa,

6.

ndukutu.
under a native
one's
first,
;/.,
.,

DRAWER,
.,

n.

(a shelf

vaki,

6. 6.

bed),

DREAD, 5. DREAR, -angidinginza. DRIFT with the current, v.i., bebwa

.,

mvaka, 4. kiongomena,

DwELLiNG-place, DYE, n., dima, pi.

.,

kalu,

6.

(Osolongo).

DYNASTY, n., vumu, 6. makulu, pi. DYSENTERY, DYSPNCEA, ekomongo, 8.

.,

8.

DRILL, instruct in evolutions, vangisa e fuka (6). DRINK, a, n., nua, 9.

v.t.,

making a great noise v.t., bokomona.

in swallowing,

E.
EACH,
a., konso, konto (Bako) they came each man with his gun, bezidi konso muntu yo ta
;

DRIP

(of sticky, viscous

fluids),

v.,

zelomoka.

DRIVE

in

(cause to pierce),
v.t.,

v.t.,

su-

mika.
into a corner, drive out (a

wandi.
vakika. woman's word when
;

EAGERNESS
ngula,

(excitement),
5.

.,

kia-

I will angry), v.t. longomona drive the whole crowd of you

eagerness and yet

fear,

;/.,

nzala

(2)

out,

DRIVEN
DROVE,

about,

ikimulongomona. first here and then

nangia-nangia(2).
6.

there, adv., e
n.,

bemba,

a fiwonga. EAGLE, n., nkunku, 2 vungu, 6 kavungu, 9. EAR, kutu, 8 (pi. makutu), (Bako). ears ready to hear, wa (9) kwanzo; ;

.,

DRUM,

small, having two diaphragms, played during the wailing for the dead, n., duku, 6.

ko-zoko.

EARLIEST ages (when things were

EARNEST,
esemo, 8. ngyeleka, 2. about, be very, ., kuzika, siamisa. be (diligent), v.i., sungama, sia e sungididi (6) or swiswi (6)
created), n.,
n.,

DRUMMER,

DRUNK

kingoma, 5. and furious, become

n.,
.,

very,

v.i.,

wuyana.

DRUNKARD,
VU
(7)

kolwa

(6)

kia mala-

(pi. 8),

(Bako).

or hmtati

(10).

a wretched (a slave to drink),

bwe
12,

(intent) grow, be, v., vela-vela,

kia malavu
madness,

(pi. 8).

be (whole-hearted), sia e etima

(8).

DRUNKEN
man,
n.,

uwuya, nkwa nkolwa (2).

n.,

EARNESTLY (whole-heartedly), kuna nsi a ntima.

adv.)

EAR-END
EARNESTNESS
didi, 6
.,
;

746

(diligence),

.,

sungi10.

EGG, continued.
eggs spoken of, and stop layitig), vidiza, 8 (Kib.) evilanu, 8.
;

swiswi, 6

luntati,
(i o)

mavu, pi. 7. EARTH, ludedemo EARTHQUAKE,

.,

ntoto
ntoto.

(4),

nzakama
3.

lua a (2)

plant,

.,

lezo, 6.

the fruit of a variety of the, ki-

nsukulu,

EARWIG,

.,

mwelele,

ELBOW

one's way,

kindukulu, 5. z/., kulakasa, ku(2),

EAST, ., lunene, 10. EAT, v.t., puta. without having washed the hands, dia e kidia-una (5).

laka (re/I.). see nkuluntu ELDER,

.,

ELECT

(the

selected),

.,

App. ndimbuki,

up greedily, z/., piantula. EAVES, veve, 6.

.,

EBB

(of the tide),

.,

z/.,

kwenda,
preacher),

vola.
ki-

EBONY, sila, 6. ECCLESIASTES (the

i &4. ELEMENT, ezuku, 8. ELEMENTARY, a., -ezuku. ELEPHANTIASIS (of foot), ELEVATION of a gun, the
.,

.,

mbadi, 2.
n.
;

proper,

.,

see

zengo,

6,

App.

mpovela, 5. ECLIPSE (outdo), z/., vandalala, vatalala.

or, conj'.j ke mpela ko. ELSEWHERE, adv., e kikaka. EMACIATED, be, z/./., kamuka,

ELSE,

ka~\

ECONOMY,
EDGE,
.,

.,

j^ kinkani, App.
10.
4.
.,

a.,

-ankalati.
.,

z/.,

tombola.

EMACIATION,

nkalati,

2.

lunseka,

brink,

mfumfula,
;

EMBALM, z/.A, kavisa. EMBRACE, z/., bimbakana.

lunengananu,
4.
z/./.,

(of a precipice),

the

feet, etc.,

z/.,

kwenda

<?r

kwiza

10

mfumfula,

have a rough, untrimmed,

za-

nanana.
rough, of broken
.,

wood
6.

<?r

torn cloth,

zavuti,
.,

-a meno mole. EDGED, two, EDGING of a cloth, bayi, 2 (P. bainha).

to put

ngangala, yilama. see also e ntayi, App. EMERALD, emeraude, 2. EMIGRANT, ntangu, 2. EMIGRATE, ?/.'., tanguka. EMOTION, vengenene, 6. EMPHASIZE strongly, z/., kuzika.
.,
.,

.,

on an,

z/.,

bombola.

EDIBLE, a., -andia. EDIFICATION, (<w/.) luvangameso,

.,

EMPTY,
be

EMPTINESS, mpenza, 2 vela, a., -ampenza, -avela.

.,
;

6.

left, v.t.,
z/./.,

sadila.

10

(pass.)

EDIFY,

z/./.,

luvangamu, vangamesa.

10.

leave,

sadisa.
for drying
.,

ENCLOSURE
c.,

ground of
z/.,

nuts,

EDUCATE, v.t., sansa. EDUCATED, be well, z/./., lumbuluka. EDUCATION, .,lusansu, 10; nsansa,2.
(teaching), ndonga, 2. EEL, nsomvi, 4 nsonzi, 4. EFFECT, n., kumu, 6. EFFECTIVE, effectual, a., -akumu.
.,
;

saku,

6.

ENCUMBERED
mena.

by, to be,

bamba2,

END,
of,

.,nsilu,4

j^^/^nsukisilu,

App.

make an, z/., funka. (of a piece of cloth), .,

(to

nsambu,

2.

EFFEMINACY,
EFFICACY,
.,

.,

zeze, 12
6.

uzeze,

12.

ENDEAVOUR
one's
(re/I.).

do something beyond
z/./.,

kumu,
10.

power),

kuvaka

EFFULGENCE
lutemo,

(the shining forth),

.,

EGG,., diki (pi. meki), 7(Kib.) ;etadi, 8(word sometimes used for fowl's eggs, lest the hen should hear her

earnestly, z/.z., siamanana. to know or obtain, z/., longota.

ENDLESS,

#.,

ke -suki; endless
usuki.

life,

moyo ke

747

ENDn.,

I.VK

ENDURANCE,brave,
zizi, 6.

.,

viyidila, 9
5.

EPILEPSY,

nkisi

(4)

a teke (Bako)
all

nsansi, 4

(fits

of

kinds).

lack

of,

.,

kiangula,
z/./.,

(persistence), n., luzindalalu, 10.

ENDURE

(bear),

siamina.
z/.,

patiently,
zila,

bravely,

zozoka,

zi-

viyidila. (persist), z/.z'., zindalala.

(iast),

fit, to have, or be liable to, yela o nkisi (4) a teke (6). EPIPHYTIC plant growing on the nsafu, n., kinkundila, 5. EQUALLY (of division), adv., e bulaz/.,

EPILEPTIC

kati.

zingila.

ERECT,
z/.,

very long, zinguluka. ENEMA, administer by or an,

tuba.

& throwing the chest out, or bowed, be very, z/./'., manganana, minganana.
z/./.,

rmove
put out,

ENERGETIC, be very, z/.z., tumpatumpa. ENERGY, ;/., telamiana, 9 (ability to briskly) see also nkonzo, App. (go), n., sakala-sakala, pi. 6, ngungula-ngungula, 2. nkuma, 4 mfunka, 4. (potential),
;

ERODE

kuma. komoka. z/./., komona. vilwa, 12 ERROR, erratum,

(set up),

slowly,

z/.z'.,

.,

mpi-

lakeno, 2

mpilwa,

2.

ERUPTION

(on the ear),

2.

n.,

mpeke-

veke,

.,

v.,

sia e

mfunka
2.

(2).

(active), n.,

mfunka,

ESCAPE, allow to, or to have escape from one, z/., kutisa. allow to, z/., vukisa.
secretly,
(slip
z/./.,

ENGAGEMENT (occupation),
ENGLISH,
a.,

;z.,

vaki,6.

bubumuka.

-angelezo.

ENGLISHMAN, n., Ngelezo, 2. ENGINE, n., makina, 2 (P. machina). ENGRAVE, v.t., vosa. ENGROSSED in, be, z/., sia. .0 moyo (3). ENJOIN strictly, v.t., kanikina. ENLARGE, z/. (a thing which has been
.

SUnuka. ESPECIALLY, adv., musungula. ESSENCE, n., mwema, 3.

away),
z/./.,

already made, as a hole, house, &c.), vudisa; he has enlarged

his house,

ovudisi e nzo andi.

ESTABLISH securely, z/./., sidika. ESTEEM, n., ntondo, 4. ESTRANGED, be, z/.z., kuvava. ESTRANGEMENT, umpavuludia, -a koko yakuna, ETERNAL, mvu ya mvu, ke -suki. ETERNALLY, adv., yakwele mvu.
.,

2.

.,

-a

ENLARGED, be, z/.z. (as above), vula. ENLIGHTEN, v.t., temona.

ENORMOUS

(massive) thing, an,

5
;

n.,

kietree,

ngele,

an enormous kiengele kia nti.

be,
z/.z.,

EUNUCH, n., nzimba, 2. EUPHEMISM, n., senswa, 6. speak in, v., vova muna senswa. sunsumina. EVANESCENT, be,
z/.z'.,

^ VASION

'

ENOUGH,

lungila.

EVASIVENESS,

|
)

n.,

mavenga, P

l.

8.

not enough, adv., see under yavana,

App.

EVASIVE answers, give, v., ziezianisa. EVEN, adv., utu (Bako), ele, tu even
;

ENRAPTURED, be, sanguna. ENSNARE, v.t., kokeka. ENTANGLEMENT, n., mpioto,

we, oyeto tu.

even
2.
z/.,

ENTER

rudely or without leave,

e

if or when, conj., kana nkutu or vo, kana una, wau nkutu or vo, kufwila owu...ko, o

kuniunga (refl.}. ENTERTAIN a hope, z/., sia

ENTICE,
z/.,

vuvu (6).
(2).

vova ele vo, vova ele also o sia ele vo, App.
;

vo
i

see

muna
;

leba.
sia...e

wau
mbebe
5
;

nkutu... ndivo (emph.)

if

ENTRUST with, z/./., ENVIRONMENT, n.,

nguluka,
2.

even
even
if

you go, kufwila

ko.

owu
vo.

kinzieta,

nzi-

okwenda

(supposing),

kana una,

EvE-Exc
EVEN,
continued.
in

748

EXAMPLE,
that case, e

continued.
;

even then or

kana
nza-

sisa, 6

he made an example

nkutu. even number,

nza,
even,
2.

n.,

etoka, 8

of him, unsidi se elongi. EXCEED (have, do more), z/./., beta.

EXCEEDING
-etoka, -anzanza.
.,

(great),

.,

-ansita

ex-

a.,

even at the top,

-elalangoma.

ceedingly sweet, nsita.

zenza kwa-

EVENTUALLY,
(future}.

adv.,

oku kukwiziwa

EXCELLENCY,
App.

your, see lekela

&

eta,

EVER,

for,

adv.,

and tandu. EVERLASTING,

for ever

ever,

yakwele mvu. yamu tandu ke

.,

EXCEPT,

conj.,

nanga, nangi, nangu;

be excepted, below^
;

see also

ke

-suki, -a

mvu
;

evengwa, App. EXCEPTED, be, z/./., katuka

thing only excepted, e

this

ya mvu,

-a

koko ya kuna

lekwa
;

everlasting life, moyo ke usuki. EVERY, a., konto (Bako), konso. wadiwonso. EVERYTHING,
.,

(abstract),

wonso,
.,

12.

kiaki kaka kikatuka any one except Lutu and Ntoni, konso muntu, o Lutu yo Ntoii aka bakatuka.

EVIDENCE,
ing,

substantial

&
;

overwhelm-

EXCESS,
.,

.,

nsundidi,

nsavu, 4;

ntunguluzi, 2. EVIDENT, be, v.i. kia see also laya,

t

see also

see

tununu, App. -ansuwa, App.

in, a.,

App.
make, z/./., kiesa. EVIL, ., bubi, 12 (Bako). determine against, 7/./ kanama.
1

of one's due,

-evudidila.

money taken in nzimbu

.,

excess of one's due, (2) zevudidila.

.,

EXCESSIVE,
;

.,

-ansita, -ansuva.

one, person,
.,

.,

mbi,

4.

EXCESSIVENESS (exceeding greatness),

.,

EVIL-DOER, mumpanga-mayi, 3 munsula-mayi, 3. EVOLUTION, esemo, 8 nsema, 2.

.,
;

see nsita, pi. 2,

&

ebiki, 8

EXACT

(correct to pattern),

a.,

-ano-

App. EXCHANGE, in, ^z/., e nsobani (2). to give in, z/., vanae nsobani.
4,

&

mbiki,

nga-nonga.

EXACTLY
nga
EXALT, to, EXALTED,

the same,

in

exactly the
e

same way,
(6).
z/./.,

ativ.^

nonga-no-

mutual, z/./., toteka, vilangesa. EXCITED, be (with impatience, eagerness), v.,

make a

kala ye kiangula
z/./.,

(5).

be,

kundidika, tundidika. z/., kundalala, tundatenderly, or

be (with pleasure),

EXCITEMENT
ngula,

pialuzioka. (of impatience), ., kiaz/./.,

lala.

5.

EXAMINE,
iully,

gently,

care-

EXCOMMUNICATE,
(6)
;

dila e

kandu

something very painful or

z/.,

fragile,

wunza.
.,

EXAMINE, z/., sandulula, satulula. EXAMINATION, nsandulula, 2

;

kandu, App. EXCOMMUNICATED person, ;;.,mwana (i) a kandu (6).

see

EXCOMMUNICATION,
App.

.,

see

kandu,
;

6,

lusandululu, 10 nsatulula, 2 lusatululu, 10. EXAMPLE (instance), ., nona, 6. give an, z/., sia e nona.
;

EXCREMENT,
wiyi,

#.,

uyi,

12

yi,

12

12.

EXCUSE,
(see

.,

ebungwa,
8
8.

mpiku,

view),., pwa-meso, 6. (something to be copied), mbandu,2.

set an,
z/.,

(clear, in full

K.-Eng. App.)
(see

evunza;

vewa,
eveko,
(artifice),

evunza, App.)
10.

songesela.
pattern),
.,

(warning,

elongi,

8;

lumpeso,

749

EXC-FAI
continued.

EXCUSE, continued. make an, v., vala o

e

EXPOSURE,

mabungwa
o

or

(to view), n.,

mpenza,
?'./.,

2.

mpiku. irake up (concoct), lamba ngwa or e mpiku.

(unsatisfactory), n.,

EXPOUND
mabuEXTEND,

clearly,

senzeka.

v.t.,

nanumuna.
hingidisa.
10.
;/.,

(apply) to

all, v.t.,

viaku, 6. EXECRATE strongly, v.t., duka.

EXTENT
8.

(limit),

luiku,

EXECUTION, place

of,

;/.,

etetelo,

EXTINGUISH, v.t., patika. EXTOL, v.t., sensemeka.

EXECUTOR
I.x

of a will,

iORT, v., one another,

to

masilu, wondelela.
n., v.,

pi. 8.

EXTORT money

under pretence that

wonzaziana.
kuza.
10.

the taboo law has been violated, v., teka o nkanu (4).

no purpose,
.,

v.t.,

EXTRA,

.,

-ansuwa.

EXHORTATION, n., luwondelelo, EXODUS, luvaiku, 10. EXPAND, v.i., sanzana. EXPANSE, n., esanzamu, 8.

EXTRACT (as a tooth), v.t., kongona. EXTRAORDINARY, a., -avava. EXTREMITY (farthest point), n., nsilu,
4
;

nsukisihi,

2.

EXPATIATE, v.t., bwasumuna, tialumuna. EXPECT, v., tala.

great
things,
(2).

EXULT, v.t., sanguna. EXULTATION, nsangunia,

cry
of, n.,

4.

yaya,

6.

v.,

sia e

mpungu-

vuvu

EXPECTATION, great, n., mpunguvuvu, 2. EXPEDIENT, be, v., songa. EXPENSE, n., mfwilu, 4. EXPLAIN, v.t., sasuna. thoroughly (make plain), v.t., senzeka.
(state clearly), v.,
(6).

to utter such a cry, vana e yaya. EYEofneedle,7/.,ekozidiantumbu(2). EYE-SERVICE, n., nsala (2) a siwa

meso (pi. 7). EYELASH, n., ndabu,

2 (Bako).

F.
samuna
e

peka
FACE,
n.,

mbunzu, oku

2.

EXPLANATION,
baka,
full, n.,

n.,

nsansumuna,

of,

before the, prep.,

(10) lua,

oku

(&c.) luse
(2) a.

6.

(&c.)

ndose

as

mpitu (2) ye nsengo (4). to how something comes

nsengo,
4.

(countenance),
to
fall

n., zizi, 6.

upon
v.,

one's face (intentionally),

be,

bukalala.

explanation is further required, it is not sufficiently clear, e dia-

on

one's, adv., o

mambukama (pi.
(pi. 7).

7),

mambuka-buka

mbu
EXPLODE
EXPLORE
EXPOSE

diadi e

mbula ye mbasa
much

(proverb).

to one's, vana mpolo (2). face to face, adv., o mantalani (pi.

(in

7).

very slowly, and after

(spy), v.t.,

the

very presence), adv.,

(6).

fizzing (of gunpowder), v.,

yinda.

pwa-meso
tukuka.
v.t.,

senga.

FADE (lose colour), t/.,seboka,pukuka,

sebola, pukula.

(track out),

tongonona.

(lay bare), v.t.,

vununa.
facts, v., see

by clearly showing the

FAIL,
fail

venzomona, App. one's self to view, kusenga

to view, v.t.,

(re/I.).

senzeka.

he failed to do it, v., lakwa olakilu kio vanga. in rendering expected help in a crisis, v., sindakesa, filakesa,
;

EXPOSED, be, v.i., vunuka. EXPOSURE, mvenene, 4.

.,

lundumuna, lulumuna, twalakesa.

FAI-FEL

(7So)
z/.z.,

FAINT

(indistinct), be,
z/.z.,

vilalala.

(weak),

lewoka, leoka, leuka,

;

FASHION, continued. (kind), n., mvila, 4.

adopt or follow the fashion,
v.,

leboka.

kala

FAITH

kwikizi, 6 nkanka, App.

(creed), n.,
see

see also

fwani-fwani

(6)

ye.

keeping

in the fashion, n., see flye-

FAITHFUL,

(devoted),

nkwa luzolo, App. nkwa nkanka, a.,

kwi-

4, App. FAST, make thoroughly, v.t., siami-

nge-yenge,

-ankanka.
(reliable),

-akwikizi, -avuvu.
(reliability),
n.,

FAITHFULNESS
kizi, 12.

kina, siamitina. be made, siamanana. (go without food), z/., fionkononi.

FASTEN
nkanka,
2.
let, z/.z.,

(by tying),

v.t.,

pita.

(devotion),

n.,

exceedingly tightly, kwitika.

FALL by accident, be
let, v.t.,

sunuka.

loosely
(upon),
v.t.,

(tie, nail,

&c.), zeyeleka.
z/.z.,

sununa.

FASTENED

loosely, be,

zeyalala.

(accidental) fromatree,#.,lusunzi, 10. against or down upon, z/.z'., wulama.

v.t.,

ziatidila.

ziatidika.
z/.z.,

wudika. short of (the mark or aim), muna.

cause
to, v.t.,

(upon), be,
z/.z.,

ziatalala.

funga
;

FAT, a., -atonga. be very full of fat,

z/.z.,

siololoka.

at

or into,

v.t.,

fungila (muna)
it

FATHER
n.,

of the bride (at a wedding),

diafungila
upon,
v.t.,

muna maza,

fell

nkomba,

2.

short into the water,

bwidila (Bako).
face (intentionally),
z/.,

upon

one's

FAULT, find, v., semba, sia e tumbu (6). ,,tumbu, 6 twangu. (flaw, failing), FAULT-FINDING, n., manguna-wuna,
;

bukalala.

pl.7.

FALLOW,
10

lie, z/.z.,

futa.
;/.,

FAVOUR
;

of,

be
;

in

FALSEHOOD (falsity),
;

luvunginiku, luvukiku, 10 luvuki, 10

;

filakesa
favour, e

(of the wind), v., the wind was in our

tembwa kitufilakese.

vuni,

12.

FAMILY

(matriarchal, a sub-division of a clan), n., vumu, 6 ezimi, 8.

;

the head

of,

ngudi

(2)

or ntu

(4)

vumu.
(stock), n.,

kuna,

12.

FAVOURITE, n., ntambuki, i & 4. a., -antambuki. FEAR, n., boma, 12 (Bako) kiongomena, 5. (cowardly), n., unkuta, 12. z/., mona o unkuta.
;

of a good family or stock, -a

kuna

great,

n.,

swengenia, 6 (choking
z/.,

wambote. FANCY, z/., see also under zaya, App.

FANGS, poison

apprehension).
lose fear,
see

zanuna

&

zanu,

FAR

fangs, n., nsoso, 4. better, adv., o wete-fiole (12), o

App.

wete-wete

(12)

see

K.-Eng.

App., deke, vezi.

FEATHER (oars), v., tialumuna o maza muna nkafi. FEATHERING of an arrow, n., etita,
8
;

go or come (there
implied lakata.
at

is

a grumble
z/.,

vezo,

6.

the

distance),

FEE, doctor's,

n.,

kwezi,

6.

far-off lands, ., malongo, pi. S. far away, to a far country, adv., mala.

paid to a doctor when he undertakes a case or divination, .,natu, 4.

FAREWELL

(in

letter), interj.,

kia-

mbote ekio. bid each other, z/., kanana.

FASHION
(habit, nature),
.,

FEEDING-GROUND, n., madilu, pi. 8. FEELING (emotion), n., vengenene, 6. FEIGN, z/.z., kukita (re/I.). FELLOW, n., mpwa, 2 (Bako) see also
;

minu,

6.

under ya, App.

FEL-FIR
;/., kinkwa, 5 unkwa, kintwadi, 5 untwadi, 12.
; ;

12

FINISH, continued. off well, give a good

fienza,

finish

to, v.t.,

sex, the, n.,

kento,

6.

kwezika

(Bako).

kkvsHip, kela.
bundle, the

lycopodium, n., nzonzanga, 2. a\vay (in numbers), v.t., ko-

(thoroughly complete), kunkula.

(make an end App.

of), v., see

funka,

FETK, n., epele, 8. FETISH, n., mpandu,

FINISHED
2.

to have,

v.t'.,

(perfect), be, v., kunkuka. see koka, App.

5

powder

in, n.,

mfula,

2.

FIRE,
the

n.,

kioto,

(Zombo).

image, source of power, see nkinda,

first

shot, v.,

tuba
fire

e lole (6).

App. FETTERS, ., ku, 6

2,

point at which
;

nsuku, 4 (Bako). (any instrument for the fastening of a prisoner), n., kingoyongo, 5.

was applied in setting anything on fire or any

small burning patch,
n.,

680-

FETUS, ;/., ngyadi, 2. FICKLENESS, n., vilu-vilu, 6. FIERCE, a., -ayezi. FIERCENESS, n., kiezi, 5. FiGHT, to break out into a

nso, 8. rake out (an ember) from the,z/.,lava. set on, v., tumpa o tiya kuna.

FIREWOOD
free,
v.,

that burns very badly,

4.

n.,

mfwiba,

nkindu
the
first

(2 i-)

dituka.
e lole.
v.,

a great piece of, n., nkidibita, 4. piece of (more or less rotten),

.,

shot in

a, n., lole, 6.

ewombolo,
(twigs), n.,

8. 6.

to

fire, v.,

tuba

vululu,
n.,

(struggle together),

kankana.
;

FIREWORKS,
mba).
see

mbomba,

(P.

bo-

together,

v.,

bulana (Bako).
FIRM,
App.
lungila.

FILL,

v.t.,

dandisa, fulusa (Bako)

v.i.,

a.,

-aziku.
e

also zala,

be (secure),

(completely),

kala

siamanana, silama kekete (6).

v.i., v.t.,

up up

(a hole), v.t.,

(something)

langalakesa. which has been

v.,

make
stand,

thoroughly,

siamikina,

siamitina, sidika.

partly filled already,

zalu-

Iwisa. FILLED up, be (as a hole),

v.i.,

langa-

kindama. kwitama. FIRMLY, adv., e ngi (2), e ngwi

v.i.,

be (very

tight), v.t.,

(2),

lakana.

tele
;

(pi. 6),

e kekete.
6.

FILM, n., mbolo, 2 mbabala, 2. FILTHINESS, n., nsafu, 4 esafu, FILTHY, make, v.t., safula.
;

FIRMNESS,
8.

n.,

kekete,
first

FIRST,

at, in

the

place, adv.,

oku

kutukilu,kuna or vana ntete,

;

KALLY, the
(tor

adv., oku nsuka (4) also at last, p. 126.

rest), conj.,

see

e ntete-ntete. do, &c., v., j^tekelela, App. from the very first, adv., tuka

VO

maka.

kuna
(2)

FIND,

v.t.,

ziongola.
v.t.,

tuka
zimbula, selofruits,

(9).
;

out (discover),

mona, solomona.
FINE
(beautiful), a.,

-ankeko.
a.,

ntomo n., ntomoni, 2 a mbongo (2 sing.), eat, v.t., tomona.

be, v., vitidila.

very (of fibres, &c.),

-anlaya.

go or

>

handsome young man, n., mvoyongo (4) etoko (8). young woman, n., mvoyongo a ndu-

times (when things were created),

n., esemo, 8. from the very first times, tuka kuna esemo. to wish each other to go first, see

mba

(2).

FINISH,

v.t.,

fula

see also

under kala

mo, App.

singana.

Fis-Foo
FISH, small,
nlulu,
dead,
.,

752

kinsiedi,

4
5

(Bako)
;

(Bako) vadi, 6

FLOW,

continued.
z/.,

out slowly (as viscid fluids),

ze-

kimpadi,

&

floating

wadi, 6. on the water,

?),
.,

.,

etidi, 8. a siluroid (mud fish

see also cat-fish,

nzomoka, yenzomoka, moka. FLOWER, fulu, 6 (Bako).

.,

zelo-

nzombo

of one's age,

.,

App.

be

in the,

z/.,

zikuka, zikuka.

9.

FIT

(of

be,

nsansi, 4any kind), be made, be found, fwaneswa.

.,

make

a good,

T/./.,

vuwika.
T/./.,

FLUTTER, z/., papa. FLY, z/./., dumuka, pamuka. rapidly, z/./., vekomoka.

together (accurately),
well, v.i.,

toteka.

FOAM
FOG,

(as the sea),

.,

z/.,

fululuka.

vuwama.
.,

mbunge,

4.

FITNESS,

lufwanu,

10.

FOLD
z/.,

Fix

(appoint,

name a
;

day),

siki-

(often

of the loin cloth above girdle used as a pocket), .,

2.
z/./.,

nisa (Bako) sikana.

as

konkota, kuma,

mfokola,

FOLLOW after
the fashion,

eagerly,
z/.,

tatidila.

how

to arrange something, to be
z/.,

kwenda e
.,

elambi-la-

in a,

tukama.

mbi.
the habit of so doing,

(make
be

firm), v.t. t sidika.

elambi-la-

be, silama.
in a,
?/./.,

mbi,
next

8.

through,

z/./.,

tungama. bindamwa.

immediately after
to), v.t.,
.,

(at

once or be

landakana.
a.,

FIXED

very tightly, ?/./., kwitika. very tightly, be, v.t., kwitama. (by), ., -esika-sika (yo).
.,

FOLLOWER, landi, 6. FOLLOWING each other,

ndani.

-anda-

FLANGE,

nkakilwa,

2.

FOLLOWS,
sekima.

as, adv., o

sia vo, e kisa\

FLASH
FLAT,

(as lightning),
.,

z/.*.y

piece,

-elalangoma. 6. ., babu,

place, efongo, 8. place or thing, elalangoma, 8. FLAW, ., twangu, 6 tumbu, 6.

;

zaya vo or o sia vo or o vova vo or vo. FOMENTED, be, z/./., futwa. FOND of, be very, but have no chance
o

muna

of getting,

z/.,

lalwa.

FOOD,

see also

mbela-mbela, mbele-

FLAX,

.,

FLIMSY

lino, 2 (P. linho). thing, that goes to pieces at a

.,

kela.
8. (generally), food-stuffs, ., edia, a tasty stuff to eat with one's bread

touch, etampala, 8. FLINCH, z/./., sunsumuka. kuti-kuti, 6 ekuti, 8 FLOCK, ekutu, 8 ekutu-kutu, 8. FLOURISH, z/., sakumuka. c), v., tokomoka. (of plants,
.,
; ;

or kwanga,
;

.,

dilwa,

6.

stuff

wrapped
., .,

in a leaf for roasting,

8.
;

evumba,
;

FOOL,

ezengenene, 8

nzengele-

(to

be

in

excellent

condition), to-

mbana.

ezeze, 8. (an empty-headed, useless lout), ., dudu, 6 mama, 6 yidi, 6 ;

;

vwa, 4

FLOW

down,

?/./.,

voloma.
(a

from, z/.z'., buka muna. with (have flowing), v.t., buka. to have the water flow in through the walls during a storm, z/.,

dunga, 6 a foolish fellow, dudu kia muntu. ebugreat hulk of a fellow),

;

tunga, 6

.,

bulu, 8 ebobolo, 8. (who does not consider the result of

;

budikila.
out copiously (from a hole or wound),
z/./.,

his

actions),
;

.,

mvutwa,
i

edunia, 8
(slovenly),

fwamfumuka.

mvilwa, mvoni, 4,

&

4.

continued.
'useless fellow),
(witless),
:

'<-,

IKK,

z/.,

;/.,

mfwanti,

2.

child,

;/.,

tongonona, kubulula. ntongonona, 10; kubulu-

6VOSO,

8.

OOLISH
(of

(of things), a.,

-azowa.

FOUL,
z'.,

Iwa, 6. ., -ansafu, -esafu.

;/.,

(senseless),

a person), -ezowa. a -a UVOSO.

,

safula.

FOULNESS,

nsafu, 4

become, be, zeboka.

talk,
;/.,

FOUND
mazengele

(set firmly),
.,

z/./.,

esafu, sidika.

8.

mambu ma

FOUNDATION,
lay,
z/./.,

ngonde, mfwanti, 2. OOT from beside or at or from the

:

(base), #., nsilu, 2

nkubilwa, 4. nsidikwa,
;

2.

kuba.

feet

(of persons),

vana ekolo
vo

lines, to

mark
(10).

out,

z/./.,

sema

lufu-

(8) dia.
'"OR since,
"|

lu
con/.,

ORASMUCH

as,j

or kinana vo, r ORBEAR, v., veza or landula or vu-

wau kina wau vo.

(pi. 7).

FOUNDED,

be,

z/.z.,

silama.
(?),
.,

FOWLS, disease
10 (Bako.)

of
;

luwumi,

mata,
;/.,

4.

FRACTURE
2,

(of bones),

see ntoloki,

kula o

mambu
(the

FORBEARANCE
violence,

paying no heed to c.), n., annoyance,

;

nlandu, 4 mvuku, FORCE, v., nwengena.

creatures only),
v.t.,

4.

App. FRAGILE, a thing which is very, ., bekenge, 6. FRAGMENT, ebembele, 8 tente, 6. b3FRAIL, a thing which is very,
.,
;

.,

out, in, &c., with violence (of living

lulumuna,

lundumuna. (active), mfunka, 2. (potential), mfunka,

nervous,
.,

4.

kenge, 6. FRAILTY, ubekenge, 12. FRAMEWORK, vangala, 6. FRANC, ., frank, 2. FRANK, be perfectly (in conversation,
.,

.,

nkonzo,

2.

c.,

keeping nothing back),

.,

z/.,

FORCED, be (obliged), v., nwengwa. FOREFATHER, #., nkulu, i. nkuta FOREHEAD, middle of the,
.,

(2)

a luse
.,

(10).

FOREIGNER,
nsongi
lubuka.

ntangu,
in

2.

tenda o ntima (4). ntendo (4) a ntima. FRANKNESS, FREE, be (not under restrictions), z/., vevoka, vevokwa, vevokelwa. -amvevoki.
.,

FOREMOST man
(2)

caravan,
(2).

.,

FREEDOM,
from
all
.,

n.,

vevoka,

9.

a nzila
z/.,

obstruction and difficulties,

2.

FOREWARNED,

be,

luka, lukiswa,
.,

nkolomona,

FORGE, furnace hollow in, luvu, FORGET, v., vilwa. completely, v., zietakanwa.
for the

10.

present with one's freedom, z/., o nkanda (4) a basia (2).

vana

time being,
a.,

z/./.,

yididilwa.
.,

FORGETFUL,

-ampilakeno.

FREELY (generously), adv., kuna mvevo (4). FRENCH, a., -afwalansa. FRENCHMAN, n., Mfwalansa, 4.
FRENZY, be seized moka.
with,
z/.z'.,

FORM

(shape, appearance),

mpwa, 2.

zengoat),
z/.,

(likeness),

(reduce to

fwaniswa, 6. some form), z/./., sema.

.

FORTE
lack

(in

music),
,

FORTITUDE,
of,

^
//.,

.,

nzangu, 2. findu, 6, App.

z/.,

FREQUENT (be always found kumbama, kunda.

FREQUENT,
a.,

-ankwamu.
z/.,

kiangula, 5. FORTUNATE, be (blessed), ka.

FRET and
sambuFRICTION,
6.

snivel (as a child),

ke-

mona.
.,

FORTUNE, good,

zumbi,

FRIEND,

.,

efwenka, 8. kumatele, 9 sing.

FRI-GEN
FRIENDLINESS (as opposed
n.,

754

to enmity),

FURTHERANCE,
.

;/.,

lunungununu,
; ;

10

ungudi,

12.

(act.).

FRIGHTEN, v.t., sisisa. FRIGHTENED, be, v.t., sisa.

be exceedingly, v., mona keza (9) or e kinkenda (5). be, and run away, ?/./'., dikumuka.

FURY,
(of

ntema, 2 efuluta, 8 kiezi, nkenene, pi. 2. madness or drunkenness),

n.,
;

.,

uwuya, 12. FUTURE, in the, adv., oku

se ntu.

FRINGE,

zamba, 6. FROM, see also wa, App. commencing from, tuka vana.
n.,

which

is

from,

adj.)

-akwa kwa

G.
GAIN
GALL,
(that

from Diamoneka, o lukau lualu luakwa kwa

this present is

which
n.,

is

gained or
2.

ac-

Diamoneka. FRONT, in the, adv.) FRUIT, ;/., mbongo,

(generic),

quired),

mbaku,

ntu

(4).

.,

nsumba-ndudi,
round the house
kiala,
5.
;/.,

2 (Bako.).

2 (sing. only].

GARDEN
11.)

in

a townj

mpelo, 2. FRUITLESSLY, adv., e nkaya-kaya.

GARRULOSITY,

mpova

(2)

anzo-

FRUSTRATE, ?/./., budidisa. FRYING-PAN, n., kangilwa,

FULFIL,
e
v.t.,

6.

ko-zoko (4), vova nzoko-zoko.

(9)

kwa-

FULFILLED,

be, v.,

lunganisa. lungana,
4.

GASH,

n.)

ndwadi,

2.

kwenda

bambala (6). FULFILMENT, n., nlungu,

FULL,
be, v.i.,

GASP, breathe the last, mongo (3) a fwa.

v. t

kuma

danda.
see

GATE-KEEPER, n., nemavitu, i. GATHER, little by little, ?/., wonzakela,

;

grown, be, v.t., vangama. to overflowing, be or full of fat

large

under yengela, App.

.

wonzolola, totolola. fruit, ?/./., konga. together, ?/./., kutisa, kunga.

of people, of things,
7/.z.

quite, densely
(2)

full,

yo

mbwi

adv., e lldibwa see also (2)

;

v.t.)
.,

nda, App. FULNESS, n., luzalu, 10. FUN, ;/., kieya, 5 (Bake.).

GATHERING,
;

ekutu,
;

ekutu-

kutu,8 ekuti,8 kuti-kuti, 6. GAUGE (standard), ;/., nonga-nonga,

6
4.
;

make fun, v., ta kieya. FUNCTION, great public, n., nkungi,

;z.,

mbandu,
a, v.,

2.

set

as

sia

nonga-nonga.
(6)

FUNERAL (burial), zikwa, 6. FUNGUS mass, growing underground,

n.,

GAZE

at, v.,

tadikila.

fixedly,

v.t.,

tala e tonia
(6),

or

etondo,

8.

tungununu
tu.ku
|

sia

tuku-

ot

dry

FUR

rot, also that which destroys the palm-tree, n., bwakuku, 6. on the tongue in sickness, .,

(6).
;/.,

GENEALOGY, GENERAL, in
the

luwutuku,

10.
.,

general use,

kibeni

lenzi, 8 (Bako.); see elenzi, App.

FURIOUS,
be, v.)

a.,

-ayezi.
(8).
-\

general style mpwata kibeni.

of

dress,
2.

fuluta yo makasi
.,

GENERATION,
kia
(a making),

a,

;/.,

mbandu,
nguta,
2.
6. 2.

FURLONG,
FURNISH,
t/.,

mavwata

100,

(a bringing forth),

kilometa.
to or with,

mpanga,
tandu,
//.,

vambula. v., vambwila.

?/./.,

(epoch),

;/.,

GENEROSITY,
(prodigal),

FURTHER,

go,

ntmgunuka.

n.,

mvevo, 4. nlungu-lungu, 4;
dia kaya.

(ina discourse), conj.,ys diaka diaka.

esanzu

(8)

(755

GSNKROUS
(12)
;

person,
adv.,

//.,

nkwa

(i)

zayi
(4).

GIST
GIVE,
a

(of a matter),
v.t.,

;/.,

mfiku,

2.

.vtvzayi, AI]>.

va

(per/.,

venej, vanika.
scope,
v.,

GENEROUSLY,
GhXKsis,
;/.,

kuna mvevo
8.

chance,

opportunity,
e nzila (2).

etuku,
lue,

vana
ndwenga,
.mamoni,
2
pi. 8.

GINIUS,
natural,

//.,

6
;

a small quantity of what one has

in

(generally pi!)
;/.,

abundance
to, v.,

to another,

v.t.,

ntona, pi. 2. GENTILE, //., Nzenza, 2. GENTLE, be, v.i., lembalala. make, v.t., lembeleka. by gentle means, adv., klina

zeolola.

onq's self

kusia muna.
?/.,

up (hand
(never

over),
to.

yekola.
more),

..any

kenga

U-

they

have

given

up

killing

ngomba. GENTLENESS (of manner), mba, 12. unleka, n., lembama, 9

;

witches,
;/.,

bavwidi kenga kio

;

ungo-

fu kia vonda e ndoki he has given up telling lies, okengele ko o vuna kwandi.
as of no further use,
v.t.,

2.

lelemba. GENUINE (pure), a., see under ya, App. if I GET... more, v.t., batakesa get two more, ovo mbatakesa

GENTLY,

do,

v.t.,

(waste on one),
in

bunga complaint when

;

tengola. (used only a thing is

not given)

you did not give

zizole.

me

from
into

telama vana. a hammock, v.t., zembama muna wanda, 3.

(a seat), v.,
1

anything, nkutu ko.

kumbungidi ma

GLADLY, very (with much appreciation), yo moko kwalu.

out

of,

zeloka.
v.t.,

GLARE
vangama, kukolela
wizana.

fiercely

on

well,

muna

or angrily, v.t., vuluor tuvidika or tuvula

(refl.\

together,
up,
v.i.,

v.,

zangumuka.

up quickly, v., telamiana. every one getting what he can, a., -ambaiddi their portions were whatever each could get for
;

is very frail, n., belengenze, 6. GLEAM, v.i., sekima, yedima. GLEAMING, a., -elezi-lezi, -ansemi. GLITTER, v., niania.

o meso (pi. 7). GLASS ware, which

himself, kidi.

kunku yau yamba;

GLUTTON, //., dia-yurna, 6. GNAW, v., kesumuna, kesomona.

Go nkwa
ntela

GIANT, ;/.,ndiangula, 4 (4) anda.

(an angry word), v., viangila ; do not go into my house (you rascal),

kuviangila

mu

nzo ame

GIFT, n., ekabu, 8. given at betrothal or engagement of a labourer, ;/.,nzitikila, 2.

given in the
returns,
see also
full

ko.

expectation of ample
8.

evongo,
gift,

away, in a rage, v.i., bubumuka. away, never to return, v., langala. away unobserved, v., vialuka. backwards and forwards, v., kidibila.
crowding,
(energy),
v.,

give such a

sia e evongo.

longomoka

(an angry

mpongo, App. GIRD, v.t., see kamina, App. GIRDER (iron), ;/., mwangu,
GIRDLE,
GIRL, a
;/.,

word),
;/.,

sakala-sakala,
2.

pi.

3.

^vmbama & mbuti, App.

.,
;

ngungnla-ngungula,
about
ing
in all directions (as for something

one searchlost),
v.i.,

dumbalala, 6 kindumbalala, 5 (luotncrts words'] kindumba - ndumba, 5 dulittle,

:

zungana.

away
far

(of many only],

v.,

v.i.,

wunguka.

mbelele,

6.

away,

vekornoka.

GO-GRE
Go, continued. for a change of

756

GOVERN,
air,
z>.,

kiesa e ZU-

v., ludika. with a firm hand, v.t., boselela.

nga
in

(6).
-z/.z'.,

GOVERNMENT,
kokomoka.
tapu.,

established, see

nkunku-

a mass,
tuta,

into all the particulars (detail),

wu, 2, App. GOVERNOR, nyazi,

luntu,
(viceroy),
2. 2.

&

little

kumbulula. way from, v.i. vengomoka.

t

nkumbi,

off

accidentally

(of

gun),

v.i.,

GRACE,

bubumuka.
out quickly, v., vayizieka. over to the other side or party,
v.z.,

GRAFT

your, see lekela and eta, App. into (a tree), v.t., see dikila

and dika, App.

zungumuka, tekomoka.
go and return quickly, v.z., laka. round to the other side, v., zeloka.
(start), v.i.,

londola.

kamba. swama. up, v., tota, kuma. far away (into the moka, pumuka. GOAD, n.j mpalu, 2.
to meet, v. t to stool, v.,

GRAIN (generally), n., ma (pi. 6) ya mbwaza. nkiku (4) mia ndinga. GRAMMAR, GRAMMATICAL (correct), a., -akosi. GRAMME, grame, 2. GRANDCHILD born to one, have a, i\,
.,
.,

tekola.

sky),

v.i.,

pe-

GRANDPARENT, a ekunda
great-great,
.,

great,
(8).

.,

nkaka

(2)

GRASS
venda. dia mungwa
;

GOD

forbid, inter/., siba GOD-FATHER, n., see ese

(the

nkakuludia, 2. lunianga, 1 1 & 8. blades of which are covered

(generic),
.,

with a long,

soft,
8.

downy

hair),

or nzila a ezulu

and lemba,

efwatakala,
2 (Bako.).

App.

climbing (razor-edged), ;/., nkengezi,

2.

GODLY fear,;/., see umpumina-Nzambi.

GOING, the reason for,.,ngyendelo, GOOD, that which is good, mbote,
.,

2.

young sprouting, ku-tuku, 2.

variety
of,

;/.,

ndula, 2

ntu-

for

good, adv., kiamakulu (with the applied form} they have gone for good, bendele kiamakulu.
;

see

tender

kimbulu,
see

App.

GRAVE

of great hunter,
4,
.,

;/.,

nkalaApp.

menga,
temporary,

App.
see

(profit),

.,

luwete, 10

ke dikuit

ngunga,

2,

mvanga luwete
do him any good,
(sound),
a.,

ko,

will not

GRAVITY or weight
lar,

-avimpi.
one's
(possessions),
;

ing to fall as the weight of a ladder

of something tendfrom the perpendicu-

GOODS,

all

;/.,

being

placed in
6.

position,

.,

salangani, pi. 6 salanganu, fwalangani, pi. 6. pi. 6

;

vweto,

possessed,

n.,

lusalu,

10.

GREAT, .,-apoto (Osolongo),-ankofo, ankomfo, -ambafu, -atonga

see also huge,

GOODWILL, n., luyayidilu, 10. GORE, v.j tulangesa. GORGE, mvonzi, 4. GORGEOUS (bright), be, v., kengomoka.
.,

App.

(arduous),

a.,

-afuki.

(of birds only), -ambudangi. things made of (of trees

&

wood),

GORILLA,

.,

masika,

pi. 13.

-ambondo-ngolo,
ngolo.

-ambombot

GOSSIP, ., lalabu, 6. a woman who spends her time gossiping,

nkento

(i)

ne
8.

mumu

yamuna. GOURD, wild, n.,

esalala,

grow or be very or too, v.i. vanganana. how, see under wingi, App. make, vanginika, nenevesa (Kib.).

757

GREAT, continued.
one,

profound respect as chief of all), kinene, 5 kinene-a-nza, 5. c. (wana)], one [of children, cubs,
the
(a
title
;

of

GRUMBLING, n., nyidimu, na-wuna, pi. 7.

mangu-

GRUNT

(as a pig),

kwinga.
fululuka.
projection),
n.,

with vexation,

v.,

GUARD

(protecting

efwenka-fwenka, 8. Gr EATER, become (in wealth or dignity), 7'.*'., tunduka. GREED, kwilu, 9 (Bako.) evudilueba, 10 ukabu, 8. dila, 8
.,
; ; ;

nkakilwa, 2. (watch), n. mayingila, pi. 8. GUILTY, be (bear the guilt), v., nata
t

o masumu (8). of a capital offence, nata e

(2).
_

mpanda
nkanu
.,

GREEDY
GREEK,

person,
a.,

ekabu, -akingrekia.
;/.,

8.

of a criminal offence, nata o

language
kia,
5.
.,

customs,
yisu,
6.

n.,

kingre-

(4).

GREENNESS,

GUNPOWDER, a 2o-lb. barrel of, mbandu, 2 (Bako.) nkoyo,

;

2.

GREENS (vegetables), n., mviidi, 4. GREET with news, see under ekaya,

larger size,

;/.,

ngoma,

2 (Bako.).

GUSH

out, v.t.,

fwamfumuka.

A PP

GREETING,
(a

;/.,

ekaya, 8 emiangana,
;

8 (of women).
of), nkayiswa, 2 (active}; nkayiswa, 2 (passive) mbiangana, 2 (active, of women). GRIEF, ;/., see nkondo-nkondo, App.
;

manner

H.
HABIT
!

(nature),

;/.,

(Bako.)

wutukilwa, 6

butukulu, 6 wutu;

GRIEVE

kendeleka, kandidika o ntima, 4 zubanisa.

greatly,
v.t.,
;

kilu,

6.

GRIEVED,
or

be,

(4 TI-)

kendalala, ntima kandalala or yanduka

v.t.,
;

one who has the habit of, ;/., see under mwisi, App. HACK (cut with a blunt instrument),
v.,

timvuka ndunzi (2, i-) tiukwa; zubana, tiukwa o ntima (4). GRIME, nkuku, 2. GRIMED, a., e kuku (advl.).
.,

fuba.
the
chest,
.,

HAIR growing upon

nlenda,
4.

HALF

released, be (as the spring of a

trap which has caught on something), v., zonda. in half, adv., e bula-kati.

GRIND down,
(rub)

v.t.,

kwankuna.
fwenka.
v.,

hard on,
(as

?/./.,

GRIP,

v.t.,

fiantikina.

HALT,
fu-

v.i.,

kindama.

GROAN

one deeply moved),

nduluka.

GROPE about, v.t., bumbula. GROUND, low down near the,

HAMMER, n., nkonko, 2. HAMMOCK, be swung or supported in or get into a, zembama muna
wanda(i3).
get out of
a,

adv.,

omu mbetela
GROUP,
n.,
;

(2)

a nsi

(2).
;

zeioka.

ekutu, 8 ekutu-kutu, 8 kuti-kuti, 6. ekuti, 8 GROW, in size or length, v.t., vulu;

HAND,

v., see

under koko, App.

over, v.t., yekola. to hold up the hand for silence or to

muka.
higher (or in value),
v.t.,

tuntuluka.
see

cause to retire, babidila. remain long on hand, v., kunda.

GROWN

kala mo, App. GRUMBLE, v.i., yidima, vunguta, lola, funduluka.

up, be, also under

v.t.,

vangama;

HANDBOOK of,
(pi. 2)

.,
.

mpitu ye nsengo
.,

za

HANDLE,
of knife,

of a cup,
n.,

ekonge,

8.

nyini, 4 (Bako.).

HAN-HE A
HANDS,
the imposition
(2)
of,

758

n.,

ngya;

HARVEST,

continued.

mbika

moko

(9)

see

yambika, App.
lay on, impose,

time for arachis, nsungi a mpava, HASSOCK, //., see nsikinwa, 2, App.
ndezi,
2.

yambika
4.

moko.

HANDSOME,
person,
n.,

a.,

-ankeko.
ziatalala.
v.t.,

HASTE,

in great, adv., o nzalala.

fai^

nkenga,
7/.z.,

HANG

tightly, to,
flags,

be in too great haste about, and TA, tukika.

(curtains,

&c.),

zembe-

HASTY
.,

thoughtlessness,

;/.,

nkwalu,4.

leka.
7'.z'.,

-ankwalu.

zembalala.
(one's head),
v.t.,

adv., o

nkwalu.
v.t.,

down

boleka
v.i.,

(o
j

HATCH,

lalamena.

ntu, 4). down low (of the breast),

kola.

HATE
and

fiercely,

&

determine

evil, v.\. y

bo-

kanama.
plot against

one another
8.

down to the ground (of drapery), v.i., yulumuka. down (of branches), 7/.z., votalala. HAPPEN (take place), v., vaika see
;

kanana.

HATRED, bitter, n., ef wenka, HAUNT, ;/., nkunda, 2.

App. what has happened since, vinga since in the town ? nkia mambu mavingidi oko evata ? have happen to one, v., vaikilwa.
;

also under ya,

v., kunda, kumbama. HAVE, see tinder kala ye, App. in,
?/., -iniwa (passive have to (be obliged

tf/-ina).
to), v.,

to

nwealso

ngwa, fwanukwa;

see

HAPPINESS,
12.

n.,

lufiauku,

10

fiauzi,

under must, App. HAVOC of, make,?/./., fwantakesa.

HAZARD,
j

v.,

kaya.
man),

HAPPY, be (fortunate), v., sambuka. HARASSED, be, v.i., finangeswa,

finangana.

HEAD man
ntu,

(of a party, leading

4.

in a discourse, n.,
(2).

ekono,

8.

HARD,

a.,

-ankulungunzu

and warped, be, v.i., balalala. make, v.t., badidika. and dry, be, v., koya.
very, adv., e koyo.

HEADLAND, HEADLONG,
to

;/.,

ekunkwa,

8.

headforemost,

adv.,

kimfitu (5). fall, v., ta or bwa e kimfitu.

of a gang, &c.,
;

HEADMAN
,,

n.,

munsi-

and giving a ringing sound,

lati.

-aka-

nda, 3

ekota, 8

kapita, 2

(P. capitao).
a.,

to explain or understand,

-ampi-

HEADSHIP,

n.,

kuluntu,

12.
4.

mpita.
(of water),
a.,

-ansinzi.

HARDLY..., App.

v., see

under lendakesa,
2.

HEALING (act), n., nwuku, HEALTH, restored, n., lo, 6. HEALTHY, a., -avimpi.

HARDNESS,
of water,

n.,

nkulungunzu,
2.

HEAP
n.,

person, ;/., mvimpi, i & 4. of dust or rubbish, ntumba (4)

on, v.,

;/.,

nsinzi,
6.
v.i.,

which gives a ringing sound,

kalati,

a efuku (8). kundakesa.

a, v.t.,

put

all in
7'.,

fwatika,
to,
;/.,

fitika.

HARMONIZE,
v.t.,

totama.
;;.,

up, on,

vomona.

toteka.
(accord),

HEAR,

willingness

matu

(9)

HARMONY
be
in, v.,

ngwawani,

2.

manzoko-zoko.

wawana.

HEARING,

the sense

of,
?/.,

HARVEST, n., nsalu, 4. time, nsungi (2) a nsalu.

dull of hearing, be,

ngwilu, 2. vimpakaiia.
.,

be very,

v.,

bandama.

759

HKA-HK;
by the extreme end, zananana.
?'./.,

HEART, in the inmost or at the bottom of one's heart, kuna nsi or

HELD

be,

?'./.,

muna
hint heart

nsi-nsi a ntima.

back, be,

vakama, sirnbininwa,
pit).

(which soon abandons

tatama.
1
1

any
vo.
lose,

pursuit),

ntima
o

(4)

-ampesec also

i.i.i.,

;/.,

mbilu, 2 (bottomless
will

HELLISH (which

bring a

man

to

ntima, kufianunga, App.

7'./.,

fuwa

hell),
lli.i,!',

rt.,

-asungu.
App. up his load,
?'./.>

see also tender aid,

into

(any work, moyo (3) or

one's

c.),

put,

?>.,

sia

any one
n.,

to pick
10.

ntima
on,

(4).
7'.,

twikila.

set

heart

sia...e

luambu,

etima (8). spasm of the heart,

(supposed to be the result of being mentioned by some one far away),

slight

render, ?/./., in a crisis,

vana
fail

to,

lundumnna,
lakesa.

luambu. ?'./., lulumuna, twafilakesa,

ntima
see

(4,

u-)

dikumuka.
;

;/., etima, 8 K.-Eng. App. with the whole, kuna nsi a ntima (4).

(wholeheartedness),

in trouble, ?'., kankana. HELPLESS, see kintanta, App.

HEM

into a corner,

v.t.,

vakika.

HEAT,

;/.,

yo,

pi. 6.

HENCEFORTH, adv., oku se ntu. HERALD, n., mboki & 4) a nkoki (4)
(
i

ngaluka, 2. HEATHEN, ;/., muluzu,

white,
;/.,

3 (pi. miu-).

?'.,

nteleki, teleka.

&

4.

HEAVEN,

kayenge, 9, & kayengele, 9 (Bako.) kays, 9 kapemo, 9 kapeko, 9. HEAVILY burden ^rload, v./., bimuna.
highest,
n.,
; ;
;

HERBALIST, mbangi

(i

&

4)

HERD,

//.,bemba, 6

ekutu,

kutu,
kuti,
6.

ekuti,
i

a nti (4). ekutu8 kuti8

;

burdened, be,

?'./.,

bimuka.
;

HERE

and

there, adv.,

nko

nko.
adv.,

HEAVINESS,
2,

;/.,

nzu, 2

sec also nsinsi,

here,

App.
v.,

and everywhere, wa-ya-wa.

there
(schism),
v.,
;/.,

HEAVY

with sleep, be,

kala

nzu
7/./.,

HERESY

yo tulu (10). heavy to drag or move, sindama.

render,
v.f.,
;/.,

HESITATE,
be,

ntima

mpambani, 2. (4, u-) simpama

(Bako.) or

to (shrink from), v., SUSa,

kokoma or tintama. mona 6

;

sindika.
Ibri,
i.

nsusidi

(2).
.,

HEBREW,

HESITATION,

dingu-dingu, 6

ko-

customs, kiyibri, 5. HECTARE, ;/., ektare, 2 are, 100. HECTO- (metre, &c.)= x 100; ekto-

language

&

koma,
HICCUP,
v.t.,
.,

9.

sikula.

HIDDEN,
ki.

-akinswekamena, -aswe-

(meta, &c.).

HEDGE

of thick bushes,

n.,

kanka,

6.

be,

77. z.,

vilama.

HEEDLESS, be, ?>., veza, landula. HEIGHT, n., kungu, 6.

(of persons), ;/., mbandu, 2 (Bako.). of one plane surface above another

HIDE,

v.i.,

swama
?/./.,

(Bako.).

(put away),

velekela.
//.,

or of a horizontal beam above a given point (not the measure

HIDING-PLACE meno, 8. HIGH, be very

ngala.

(passive),

eswska;/.,

(of a

price),

ba-

of any tiling perpendicular}, ngengo, 2.

6,

?/.,

priced, a., -ambangadi. of the forehead, a -alundalala.

,

the proper, usual height, see zengo,

up, be or stand,

7'.,

tundalala, ku-

App.

ndalala.

HiG-Hou
HIGHEST,
.,

kayenge,
;

9,
;.

ka-

HOLE,

continued.

yengele, 9 (Bako.)

kaye, 9; the kapemo, 9 kapeko, 9 bird went far away up into the sky, e nuni yele muna kaye.
;

v.t., ziongola. very deep, ., mbilu, 2. HOLLOW, be (of the eye), z/./., vomjoka.
<?.,

make a round,

HIGHWAY,
HILL,
flat

.,

nkwala,
of,
.,

2.
8.

-akoboka, -avompoka.
the formalities, kneeling, ., &c., which have to be observed in approaching a great chief,

top

esela,

HOMAGE,

HINDERED from (something) by, be, v., bambamena. HINDRANCE, eveko, 8 ezingu, 8.
.,
;

(important business), vaki,

6.

HIRE

(labourers, &c.), (Bako.), soneka.

v. t

sumba

fuka, 6. perform such ceremonies, vanga e fuka. to kneel three times in approachir.g
to

(things),
.,

sompa.
to
.,

HIRED, -ansompa. HISTORY, lusansu, 10. HIT with something, ?/., bafa. HITCH (upon or over), v.f., vokeka or voteka (muna). HOE, large, broad, elanga, 8.
.,

mark a

the king, bwa e nzula (pi. 4)cross on the ground

(2).

it-

doing, 77., tenda e nsi to roll in the dust in abject

homage

lengomoka. HOME, nkunda,

.,

2.

remain, stay

at,

-z/.,

kunda.
;

strike with, v.,

up the

vaba. earth round a plant,

HONEY,
-z/./.,

.,

niosi, 2 (Bako.)

bwiti,

12 (Bako.).

HOIST

vundanena, vundena. (a sail or flag), v.f., vwika.

fast,
?/.,

HONOUR

(exalt),

v.f.,

kundidika,

tundidika.

HOLD

simbinina, tatidila.

HONOURED,
HOPE,
.,

be,

v.t.,

kundalala, tu-

firmly, tightly, fingitina.

ndalala, zita.
luflatu, 10 (P. confiar).
baseless,

on very
lala

firmly, T/.Z'., zitalala, ziatasee also persevere, App. ;

kiememe,
kiememe.
hope,|

5.

out from the body (as a fowl her wings on a very hot day), v.t.,
tiakidila. out resolutely, ?/./., bamba. take thorough, v.i. (as a disease),

foolishly,

without any basis,

v. t

sia e

HOPE

against
false,

^ wazi wa

HOPES,

nsi a vuvu.

koleka (Bako.), kukolela, kuluka.

upon the hands with great

lelela.

care, v.,

hopes of, v.t., lekelela. zietwela, 6. HORN, small of antelope, mfiba, 4

live in

HORIZON,

.,

fiba, 6.
(2

with the claws, vuta 6 nzala

&

1).

HORRIBLE
;z.,

(pain,
;

trouble,

suffering),
\

HOLE

(burrow), ., nduzu, 4. caused by the subsidence of the earth, ., volo, 6 voloka, 6.

;

te"ma, 6

horrible su fieri n

tema kia mpasi.

HORRID,
a.,

-ansisi, -angemi.
.,

(hollow), ., kimpolokoso, 5. in the bed of a river, ., zanga, 8

in

HORROR,
(4)
;

nkitimu
2.

(4)

a ntima

nsisi,

(Bako.) zinga, 6. the earth, /z., kobodia, 6

;

ko-

HOSTILE, a., -atantu. HOT, be very (of the

ka.

sun), v.,

sanu-

bonga,
wood,
.,

6.

large, in trunk of a tree or piece of

HOUR,
HOUSE,
house
in,

.,

ntangwa,
keep
6.
.,
.,

2.

esasa, 8. of large area, not necessarily deep,

;/.,

built to

fetish

or charm

vela,

evongona,

8.

cloth,

evuya,

8.

iOUSE, continued.
(family), ;/., vumu, 6. for shelter, //., nsampa, 4 (Bako.).

HURRY,
along

;/.,

esuta,
force,

8.
?'./.,

by

sindakesa,
lulu-

filakesa,

lundumuna,

without walls, //., nduka, 4. tie on the inner bamboo lining of

the
walls,
v.,

muna.
be
in
in, ?'., kala ku esuta. a great hurry, adv., nzalala
(4).

pela

(Bako),
8 [a

bimba.

many ?
are
each,

inter, pron.,
(#.)]
;

ekwa,
?

what number
left ?

how many

HUSBAND, n., see nkama, 4, App HUSH-MONEY, see evunza, App. HUT, ;/., sudi, 6.
HYPOCRISY, HYPOCRITE,
;/.,
.,

ekwa

disidi

ekwa-ekwa. very, see biza cS: mbote, App. (OWEVER, adv., see mpasi own oku mpe, App. [OYDEN, ;/., nkwa kindumba, 5.
[UGE, a., see also great, animal, ;z.,evwendengele
for its
n.,

kuvunina, 9. kuvunina, i.

&
I.
.

(8)

dia

ICHNEUMON (herpestes),
IDEA
(intention),
;z.,

.,

mfwenge,
8.

age (of children, cubs, &c.), efwenka-fwenka (8) dia

ekani,
2.

huge child, efwenka-fwenka dia mwana.

something
bodi,
thing,
(fear-inspiring), n.,
2.

(thought),

ngindu,
ntiti, 4.

(whim),

;/.,

ngo-

have an idea that

possessive
sing.
;

pron.

eki, with the in class 7

I

a, ;/., kiolo, 5 (a woman's word), kokosi, 6 mbofongo, 4 look at those huge tusks of ivory,
;

had an idea that

find
it,

should

eki
of,

diame,
.,

kokosi ya mpungi a huge snake, kiolo kia nioka. a., -ambofongo.

se tadi e
(of wood),
a.,

yasolola kio. IDENTIFICATION, means

ziki-

IDLE
IF
(in

ziki, 6. talk, see

see also

under nsumi, App.

;

mbombo-ngolo, -ambombo-ngolo.

4.

the event that), conj., vozevo

tUMAN, a., -awunt.u. [UMANITY (human nature),

;

&
n.,

under kana vo kala, ova, App.

conj.,

wu-

as

if,

conj.,
if,

ntu, 12 uwuntu, 12. IUMILITY, n., lulembamu, 10.

even
if
;/.,

ne banza vo. o vova ele vo or vova

ele vo.
not, conj.,
.,

[UNCHBACK, n., kingunda, 5. [UNGER, which seems insatiable,

dio-dio,
in
6.

ke mpela ko.
(8).
.,

perfect,

ebumbu dia ebnmbn

one suffering from, ndio-dio, 4. the morning, supposed to be caused by a new secretion of
saliva, n., ete (8)

IGNORANCE (darkness), bubidi, 6. in, adv., oku bubidi. IGNORANT about a matter, be, v.i.,
yididilwa.
person,
n.,

dia
(3,

ewawa.

mvilwa,

&

4. 3.

[UNGRY, be,

v.,

ma
(2),

moya
;

(Bako.)

u-) fwasee vilwa e nzala

IUNT,

rat, n.,

App. esaku,
;

one who is (uneducated), muluzu, I LL, be very, v., ke kala biza ko. ILLEGAL, a., -ansi (2) a nkuwu (2).
thing,
;/.,

8.

nlongo,

4.

LUNTING
[URL
far

skill (in stalking),

ekonde-

ka, 8

ekoneka,

8.

away, v., swanga. LURRICANE, ., nebidi, 2.

ILLUMINATING, n. (act.}, ntema, 2. ILLUMINATION, ;/., lutemo, 10. IMAGE, reflected, ;/., see tungununn, nkangazi, 4, App. 6,

IMA-IND
IMAGES, maker
or
of,

762

mvadi
?/.,

IMAGINE,

nsemi, (i & 4) a teke (6). kala diau what did he

n.,
(i

&

4)

imagine, adieyi kakedi diau. (think), see also under zaya, App.

IMITATE, v.t., tanginina, tangununa. IMITATED, be, v.i., tangunuka. IMITATING, habit of, n., tanginini, 6. IMITATION (copy), ?/., tanginina, 6. act of, n., ntanginina, 2.

IMPORTUNITY, ;/., ntala, pl. 2. IMPOSE hands, v., see yambik{ moko (9), App. IMPOSITION of hands, n., ngyambiia see yambika,. (2) a moko (9) App.
;

IMPOSSIBLE, be,

v.i.,

lembwa

le-

ndakana. IMPREGNATE, v.t., vidika.

IMPRESSION, give a
left

false, v.t.,

vungi2.

IMMATURE, be, v.i., ke yeboka ko. IMMEDIATELY, adv.) mu or vovo or vana fulu, vovo vau see aho
;

nika. by a seal,

n.,

nkutu-bandu,
5.

vivid, n., kienze,

under

mu

(i

mu), App.

also

expressed by the reduplicated verb, to take immediately,

bonga-bonga. (following a verb),

kilu.

adv., kikilu

died immediately,

he ofwidi ki;

IMPRINT, v., kweza, kwezeka. n., kwezo, 6. IMPROPRIETY, ;/., eyanga, 8 see als6 tununu, 6, App. commit an, v., bula e eyanga. ntiaIMPUDENCE, ., mfiandu, 2
;

IMMENSE
IMMERSE,

thing, n., kokosi, 6.

v.t.,

mvuna, 2. INADVERTENTLY,
wise

zaba.

do, say, disclose a matter, pass a place, or otheract, v.,

IMMODERATE, a., -atununu. be, v.i., tununuka. IMMODERATION, n., yingalu,

tununu, 6, App. IMMORTAL, be, v., lembi fwa.
see also

lutakana, sunda-

kana.
pi.
5
;

cause to act thus, sundakesa, lulet

takesa, lutisa. a matter slip thus, lutakesa e

IMMORTALITY (immortal nature), owu ulembi fwanga.

;/.,

diambu

(7).
2.

INCANDESCENCE,

(not to die), lembi (9) fwa; because of his immortality, muna dia-

n., ngaluka, INCENSE, n., ndumbu, 2. INCESSANT, a., -ankwamu.

mbu

dia

mfwa kelembi fwa.

v.i.,

INCITE,

v.t.,

yangumuna.

IMMOVABLE, be

tama
be, stand,

(very tight), see also firm,

kwi-

INCONTINENCE, n., yingalu, pl. 5. INCREASE, v.i., tuntuka, see also vaza,
App.
(add
to), v.t., yikula. (grow greater), v.i., saka.

v.i.,

kindama.

IMPART

was given to one, v.t., kawulula. IMPATIENCE, n., mpiaviana (2) a ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2 esuta,
part of something which
;

(in height,

value,

c.), v.i.,

tuntu-

8; kiangula,

5.

(in

IMPEDE,

v.t.,

IMPLY

that,

kindika. which would,

luka. wealth or dignity), ka.

v.i.,

tundu?>.,

conj.,

see
j

(swell out as rice, &c.. in water),

mpangu, App.
IMPORTANCE, great, ;/., luvanginiku, 10 luvangananu, 10. IMPORTANT, a., -abindama. grow, be, v.i., vanganana.
;

futuluka.

INCREASINGLY, go on,
vaza.

v.i.,

see

under

INDEED

(by

all

means), adv., kiau

the

tu nki, at
clause.

head of the

make,

v.t.,

vanginika.
be,
v.,

IMPORTUNATE,
(pl. 2).

sia e ntala

INDENT, v.t., kofola. INDENTED, a., -akofoka.

763

IND-INS
a.,

INDEPENDENCE
INDICATE,
?'.,

(holding
12.

aloof),

;/.,

INNOCENT,

ke -ina

mu kuma
;

(6)

umpavuludia,
specially, v., ta.

zikinisa.
ziki-ziki, 6.

ko, -alembwa e kuma innocent blood, menga ke inena

)iCATiox,
IDICATIVE,

;/.,

a.,

-aziki-ziki.

be,
7i.,

7'.,

^DIFFERENCE

(holding

aloof),

mu kuma ko or menga malembwa e kuma. ke kala mu kuma ko, lembwa e kuma (6).
about, after,
7'./.,

umpavuludia, 12. HFFERENT, be, ?'., kuvava (rcjl.}. (disregardful), be, ?'./'., kumvalala. (DISCREETLY, do, 7'., swatakesa. .DISCRETION, n., nswatakesa, 2.
JISTINCT,
be,
v.i.,

INQUIRE

INQUISITIVE about, be,

lola.

v.t.,

yandala. tongo;

person,

;/.,

ntongolozi, 2
i.

nembu-

mba-kalutwa,

vilalala,
i

fu-

fuka.

INDIVIDUAL,
na,

;/.,

mbana,

;pL amba-

INQUISITIVENESS, ., untongolozi, 12. habit of, luntongolozi, 10. INSATIABILITY, ;/., kinzola-nzola, 5. INSEPARABILITY (of two or more separate things),
;/.,

;/., kide-kide, 5. INDIVISIBLY, adv., e kide-kide.

INDIVISIBILITY,

kide-kide,

5.

)UCED, be,

v.,

kala ye evuku-

INSEPARABLY, adv., INSIGNIFICANT, see

ant.

e kide-kide.

small, unimport-

vuku. fDUCEMENT,
>ffer

.,

as an,

v.,

sia e

CVUkU-VUku, 8. evuku-vuku.
;

INSIST very strongly upon, siamisa.

TA,

kuzika,.

INDUSTRIOUS, be, finizieka. INEQUALITY, //., ntuka, 4 ntula, 4. INFAMOUS (cursed), a., -asungu. INFANCY, n., kiswa, 5. INFIRMITY, n., eyovoka, 8. INFLATE, v.t., tuva, tuvula, tividika.

INSOLENCE, ;?., lutiangu, 10 ntiangu, 2 nduvu, 4 ntiamvuna,

;

etingu, 8 (generally pi.}

10.

lutiu,

INSOLENTLY,
INSPECT,
INSPIRE,
?/./.,

treat, v.t., tiakidila.

INSPECTOR
sunzula
(e

(spy),

laya, senga. ., nsengi,

2.

INFORM,

v.,

diambu,

7).

^FORMATION as

to the sickness or death of a relative or some disaster which has befallen him,
;*.,

fulumwina, vumwina. INSTANCE, ;/., nona,6 pwa-meso, 6.

v.t.,
;

give an,

7/.,

sia e nona.
sec

for, con/.,

kasika.
adv.,

etamba,
be

8.

give the fullest, sia

[FORMED, luka

oku kukiele. lumbu?/., well,

via,

INSTANTLY, App.

immediately^
see-

INSTEAD
INSTINCT,

of,

conj.,

ke mu...ko;
pi. 2.

biluka,
(2).
7/.z.,

via

also

kaka, App.
;/.,

mpila
IHERIT,
7'.,

ntona,

TFURIATED, be,

vwa

zengomoka. efwafwa, 8
;

INSTRUCT,
see
(5)-

in art, mysteries of doctoring, V., tambika e kinganga

efwafwa, App.
(real property), v.,

vingila.
n.,

INSTRUCTED,
see

be,
v.t.,

?'./.,

IHERITANCE (birthright), efwafwa, 8, App.

thoroughly,

longoka. lumbulula, via.

6.

lumbu., via, fiTiATED, be well, luka. ;n IATIVE in, take the, n., tomona.
f

INSTRUCTION, thorough, ;/., visa, INSTRUCTIONS, give imperative,

kanikina.
(order), yika.

v. y

JUSTICE,

;/.,

vilwa,
pi. 6.

12.
;/.,

(wrongful violence),
IK,
;/.,

balu,

12.

dima,

INSTRUMENT, musical, ;/., sikwa, 6. INSUBORDINATE, be, v., see tununuka & zanu, App.

INT-JUD

764

NTEGRITY
n.,

(correctness of manner), nsongi, 2. kosi, 6

;

INVISIBLE, continued. be almost, v.t., vilalala.

INTELLECT,

n.,

nyindu, 4

diela,

7.

IRKSOME

(annoying),

n.,

-anangi.
(&),

INTELLIGENCE (some
perfect
thing),

small, very imintelligence of some5

IRRITATE, v.t., tutisa e ekudi zekanisa.

kiundu,

(scent

in

IRRITATION,

n. (active],

luseko, IQ

hunting).

INTENSE

(eager),

to grow,

v.t.,

vela-

(passive], n., nkafi, 4 (geny. sing.}. ITEM (point), n., ekono, 8 see also
;

vela.

under nkumbi
(of love
;

&

nkiinguhl,

INTENSITY

or longing),
;

n.,
;

App.

ebiki, 8

mbiki, 4

elusu, 8

IVORY horn, performer upon, kimpungi,

5-

esunga,

8.

INTENTION,
one

n.,

who

ekani, 8. has evil intentions,

n.,

J.
JACINTH, ;/., yasinte, 2. JACKET, ;/., ekutuwa, 8.
JAR, n., bungwa, 6. JASPER, n., yaspe, 2. JEALOUS (as regards one's husband
or wife),
a.,

nkani, 2. endeavour artfully

intentions

to find out the

of

another,

v.t.,

konda. INTERCOURSE,
zani,
2,

friendly, n., see

ngwi-

App.
(strong), n., see

with, have, v.,

INTERDICTION

kala kumosi yo. kandu,

all

person,

nganga

-ansongo. (2) a nsongo.

n.,

6, App. INTEREST, absorb nganana.

JEALOUSY
the,
v.t.,

(as above],

nsongo,

pi. 2.

va-

JERK
JEST,
v.,

off, v.t.,

zazuna.

deprive
lose

of, v.,

its, v.,

vonda o ntima tukumuka.

(4).
;/.,

(4).

., kieya, 5 (Bako.). ta kieya. JET, v., sianzuka.

lose one's,

v.,

tukumukwa, fuwa
mazuka,
v.,

ntima
(on

loan),

pi.

only.

INTERESTED

JEWEL, JEWELRY, //., nkembo, 2. JIGGER which has not penetrated, n., nkanza, 2. which has been in some time, ntunga, 2
JILT,
v.t.,
.,
;

in,
(3).

be much,
.,

sia...o

ntanda,

4.

moyo

tiala.

INTERIOR, the far,

)

ediongi,

8.

INTERJECTION, n., tatu, 6. INTERSPACE, ;/., mposoko, INTERVAL, mpwasila, 2. INTESTINE, ;/., ekati, 8, App. INTIMATE terms, be on the most,
\

v.,

ntiangu-ntiangu, 2. .. of, untiangu-ntiangu, 12. JOINT (in the limbs), n., mboko, 2. JOKE, n., kieya, 5 (Bako.). v., ta kieya.
JILTING, habit

see

yambana, App.

INTREAT, v., dodokela, wondelela. INVENT, v.t., semona, solomona, selomona. INVESTIGATE, v., longota. (trace out), v.t., tongonona. INVESTIGATION, //., ndongota, 2.
habit of careful,
10.
n.,

JOSTLE together ndana.

in

running,

v.i.,

vi-

JOURNEY
JOY,
n.,

about,

v.,

kiba(Bako.) "beba

(Bako.).

kienzi,

(Nkembo
heart.}

(Bako.); ekembo, 8. causes ekembo in the

luntongolozi,
2.

JUDGE, v.t., fundisa. i & 4. ., mftmdisi,

(determine a matter), v., kubika. (a matter in one's mind), lamba.

INVESTIGATOR,
INVISIBLE, be,

n.,

v.t.,

ndongoti, vilama.

765

JUD-LAC
11.,

JUDGE, continued.
to

KICK,
?'.,

kinkala,

(Bako.).
;

be a judge

(of),

zaya

mpan.,

v.,

mbula
Ji.ix ;.MI-.NT

(2) (a).

tua kinkala (Bako.) pala e kinsi (5).

bala or

[process of (active)],
10.

lu-

fundisu,
'active

anything along, pala. up or along, vubuna.

applied
10.

and

passive), lufu-

ndisilu,
jive, v.f.,

KILL in great numbers, v.f., fumuna. KILO- (metre, &c.) = x 1,000 kilo;

solola, sia e
;;.,

nzengo
2.

(2).

(meta, &c.).

(in

a law court),

nzengo,
2.

KILOMETRE,

n.,

kilometa,

ma-

(of a judge), n.,

mpiku,

vwata
a,
z>.,

546|.
2.

prepare or take counsel as to

KIND

action,
.,

lamba e mpiku. JUMP, v., yoma, doma, dumuka.

(start), v.i., kitumuka. JUNGLE (when spoken of generally, not of some part of the jungle),
n.,

(sort),

;/., ewete, 8. mvila, 4 mpwa,

;

to each other, be, z/., lembamiana. of any kind, of the kind, una -ina
I

did not see anything of the

in

kind
of

there,

kimwene mo
a.,

mfuta,
8.

4.

ma una kina ko.

unburnt,
//.,

great patch
left

left

ebeshel-

mbia, by the
ter to

many good ya miza.

n.,

kinds,

-a
10.
2.

miza

fires

and affording
>/.,

KINDLINESS,

luyayidilu,
.,

game,
2.

tumbu,

6.
;/.,

KINDLY

which was not burnt

last season,

feeling, KINDNESS, ;/., see

ngemba,
(2)

ungudi,

12,

App.

nkunku,
JUNIOR,
n., see

(motherly),
pi. 2,

ngemba
;

a
12.

ngudi

nsakila,

App.
i...aka,

(Bako.)

walakazi,
v.f.,
.,

JUST, adv., see under ozevo

KINDNESS, show,

yayidila.

App.
(proper), a., -akosi, -ansongi. just as if or like, adv. ; see

KING
under
vika,
in, v.,

(in cards), (in

elei, 8 (P. rei).

;/.,

KNAVE

cards),

ekonde, 8

(P.

conde).

vanga, and
to. ..just. ..only,

not,
v.

App.
\

aux.

see

KNEADING trough, elonga, 8. KNEEL down to, z/./., fukamena.

.,

App. JUXTAPOSITION, put together sila e mbadi kumosi.

KNEELING, adv., o mamfukama (pi. 7). KNIFE having a lateral curve for hollowing out
.,

rattles, &c.,

.,

lu-

kombo, 10. KNOCK, dodo, 6.

K.
KKKX edge, have KEEP on ...ing,
a, v.,
v.,

(anything) along, v.f., pala. over backwards, v.t., manguna,

mac.),

kuna.
vela-vela.

up

(a small piece of skin, bark,

v.f.,

sama, kwama, kwaminina, lakama. clear (of), kuvava (muna). on at, keep on trying, v., vanamiana,

kewona.
ekolo,
8,

KNOT,

n., see

App.

vampamiana.
(reserve, put aside), v., velekela. proudly to one's self, v.i., tintila.

L.
good condition

(maintain)

well, in

LABORIOUS (arduous), a., -afuki. mfuntu, 4. LABOUR, hard,

.,

and
KEY,
v.,

order, simbinina.
3 (Bako.).
;/.,

LACK
8.

something of which a part

.,

is

mwivi,

lacking,

and therefore useless

4.

note

(in

music),

ekanda,

ntuka,

LAD- LEG
LAD,
of
.,

766

lezi, 6

about
n.,

kiusi, 5 (Bako.). or 16 years of age, luntoko-toko, 10 luntoko;

LAY, continued.

15

down (something
dika.

great), v.,

buM-

ntoko,

10.

hold

of, 7A/.,

vwila.
?/.,

LADDER,

n.,

sikada, 2 (P. escada);

6. 2.

wash

&

lay out the dead,

.,

sunga,.

tombokelo, 6. LADY-BIRD, ?/., kumbi-kumbi, LAITY, one of the, ;/., nsonzolo,

(of the laity),

-ansonzolo.
5

LAMB,

.,

meme-meme,
;/.,

6.

waste, v.f., fwantakesa. LAYER, tenso, mbandu, 2 kunda, 6.

.,
;

LAME

person,

fwa-mboko,

6.
v.i.,

in layers, adv., e

mbandu-mbandu.
2.
., .

LAMENT, with
zana.

gesticulations,

za-

of thatch,

//.,

ntembe,
12.

LAYMAN

(uninitiated),

nsonzolo,

2.

nkengwa, 2. LANDSCAPE (fine view), ;;., tunda, 6. LANGUAGE, abusive, bad, ;/., luduLAMP,
;z.,

LAZINESS, ;/., uleza, LAZY, a., -eleza.

fellow, eleza, 8.

vuku,

10.

LEAD,
off,

LAP

(as a dog), v.t., leta. LARGE, a.; see great, App.

kiumbu, 5 (P. chumbo). away (bear away), ?/./., twala.,

kesa, filakesa.

LARYNX,

;/.,

lulaka, 10 (Bako.).
pi. 5.

by

fair

promises

#/-

excuses,

v.f.,

ko-

LASCIVIOUSNESS, n., yingalu, LASH, v.t., zwabula, vizula.

(stripe),
n.,

kela.

LEADER
;

of the refrain in antiphonai

;/.,

nzila,

mvibu, 4

singing,

ntozi,

2.

nsila,

4. 4.

LEADING man,

n.,

ntu,

4.

whip,

;/.,

nzila,

LEAK

out

fast, v.z.,

fwamfumuka.
?'.,

LASHED,
LAST,

be, or scarred with lashing,

v.L,
at,

vilumuka.
adv.,
;

LEATHERY, be, ?/., sinita. LEAVE (avoiding observation),

vava.
leave
(depart, of

ku-

oku nsuka, oku nsuka a ntu see also mbangi,

App.

many

only), v.t.,

wunguka.

(in the future),

kuna ntu kukwi'

(a thing)

not in the charge of any

i'.,

ziwa.
(remain),
v.t.,

one,
zingila.
4.

yambika.

one's

(very long), zinguluka. the (of persons), n., nsuka,

a time), sonsoka. constantly, sonsozioka.

(for
v.f.,

work

LEAVEN,
;/.,

funisa.

the last cup of wine in a calabash, ., nsi, 2, sing, (pi. 2, Bako.).

funa,

12.

LATITUDE, also a mbiku. 2.

parallel

of,

..

nka-

LEAVENED, be, v.z\, funa. LEAVINGS (left on one's plate

meal),
n.,

after a
2.

LAUGH

at, v.t.,

kiekielela.

z/.,yemba o makaka (pi. 8) tfrtusevo (pi. 10), diekomoka. LAUGHTER, roar with scornful, v.t.,
heartily,

LEE .(back, LEEWARD,

nswa-koko, sing., shelter), n., nima, 2.

to,

adv.,
(6).

ku ntala

(2)

tembwa
didila.

LEFT behind by

mistake, be,

?'./'.,

sa-

kumbulwila. LAW of nature, minu, 6 nkiku, 4. details of (statutes), n., mina, pi. 3. LAWLESSNESS, ;/., umpumbulu, 12. (utter disorder), tt., ntumpa-ntumpa, 4.
.,
;

out,

empty, be, v., sadila. be (of something which one wished to keep secret or hidden of things only), v.t., beleleka.
;

LAY

before (something in motion to stop it), 7/7., kakidila.

LEFT-HANDED person, ;/., monso, 3. LEGAL (properly constituted), a., -a

nsi a

nkuwu

(2).

767

I.I.N

LOA

LI:ND
i

at interest,
H, at, ad-'.,

?>./.,

dimisa.

LIKKX
LIKING
Li Mir,

to (compare),
(&c.).
(for),
.,

?./.,

tezanisa yo
(a),

oku

se

oku nsuka a ntu, ntu, oku kwakwiziwa.

in

nlaku
;

4;

ele-

irregular
T ;N TIL

length,

7'./.,

swa11

mena
//.,

(dia), 8.

ndana. bush and

S:

nsilu, 4

luiku,
//.,

10.

fruit,

//.,

wandu,

in height

or depth,

12.

LIMP, be,

?'./'.,

zengo, 6. lewoka, leoka, leuka,

LESS

-akeva. grow, be, 7'., keva. make, ?'./., kevesa.

(in size), a.,
;/.,

zewoka, tukuka.

LINE
8.

(row),

;/.,

mbangu,
place
in

nlolo,
line,

4.
?'.,

take
in

one's

LESSON (warning),
LET,
7>.,

elongi,

yika
a
leka.

mbangu.
kia-kia, e ndonge-

(imperative), see
off, free, 7'.,

yeka (Zombo). mbudi, App.

vukisa.
7'.,
;/.,

line, adv., e

arrange,

?/./.,

kialumuna.
in

out (rent),

sompeka.
nsindu,
of,
?/.,

up (be arranged

line), v.t.,

kia-

LKTHAUGY,
LIAHLE
for,

4. 6.

tumuka.
(cord) for clothes,
;/.,

LEVITICUS, book
be,

;/., Fuka, lama.

ezalu,

8.

LINEN,

n.,

lino, 2 (P. linho).

LIBERALITY,

ruinous,

giving

away

LIP,..//.,

everything possessed, esanzu (8) dia kaya, nlungu-lungu, 4. LIBERTY, be at, ?/., vevoka, vevokwa,

(of

koba, 6 (Bako.). an animal), befo, 6.

!

LISTEN

wete
?/.,

= wa + ete,

Bako.).

carefully,
.

teka or kelesa o matu

(Bako.),
to, v. y

vevokelwa.
LIE, T/./., vunginika. habit of telling anything
truth,
;/.,

(9).
v.t.,

to,

widikila

wila,

but the
to

vivila.

mpova

(2)

a ndambu.
7'.*.,

be troublesome
o

tekesa

face

upwards, on one's back,

matu

(9).

kayama.
face
(of

willingness to listen to each other,

n., ngwizani, 2. LITRE, ;/. (176 pints), lita, 2. LITTLE, take too, ?/., kusakidika do not take too little, (reft.}. take what you will, kwiyisa;

downwards, bukalala. something great), v.i.j bubalala.

;/.,

LIFE,

moya,

3 (Bako.).

n. (the living principle),

fulumunu,

6 (Bako.)
the length

umunu, 6 (Bako.); fulumwinu, 6 vumwinu, 6.

; ;

kidika ko, bonga konso eyi

ozolele.

of,

//.,

manner
LIFT

of, n.,

ezinga, kadilu, 6
7/./. >

8.
;

(one's

opponent

off the

nkala, 2. ground in

LIVE by (make a
kila.
luxuriously,
v.t.,

living by), v.

vulu-

wrestling),

sela.

pututa, vwama.
;

LIGAMENT, ;/., nsimbininu, 2. LIGHT (not the thing which causes

light,
.,

LIVE

stock,

;z.,

twelezi, 6

twezi, 6

(Bako.).

but the light resultant),

4.
2.

ntemo,
//.,

.(candle),

nkengwa,
7/.,
.,

LIVING by, make a, ?/., vulukila. means of getting a, ;/., mpulukilu, 2. LIZARD, //., ndiasala, 4 (Bako.) ndi;

give light

to,

temona.

ala, 4 (Bako.).

(not heavy),

shed, impart,
[of affliction

7'.z.,

-ampevo. tema.

LOAD

(burden),

//.,

zitu, 6

enatu,
5.

6.

(mpasi) only],rt., -ezala. -ampevo. LIKELY, be very, 7'., nanga he was

(not heavy),
;

LOAFER, ;/., nzengelevwa, 4. LOAN, n., zuka, 6 kindundu, LOATHING, nkenonoka, 2.

;

.,

very likely right,

onanga lunga.

of food after over-feeding, sec lenzi (App.). 8

;

;/.,

elenzi,

LoB-Lou
LOBSTER,
n.,
(4).

768

nkosa, 4

nkosa a

mbu

LOOK, continued. down, ?/., veteka o meso

(slily), v.,

(7).

LOCATE, v., kuma. LODGE, v.t., wunda. LODGING, n., 16ko, 6. LOG, 7z., j* mpombolo, App. LONE, a., j^ lonely. LONELINESS, n., kinzunga, 5 sombe, 6 lunzungulu, 10. LONELY, n. (of places only), -asombe,
;

ketoka.

fiercely,

angrily, v.,

tuvula or vu(6).

lumuna

fixedly, v.z\, for (seek), 77., sata.

meso (pi. 7). sia e tuku-tuku

o

forward

to, v.t.,
at,

lekelela.
v.,

longingly

lengokelwa or
or
yengola.. .0
!

lengukilwa

LONG

-akinzunga. ago (the remote

meso
past), n,

(pi. 7).

kaago,

out

inter/.,

makono

vengelele, 9. long long ago, ever so long adv., vana kavengelele.

up, v.t., sengola o meso (pi. well after, v.t., kenga, keya.

7).

well at,

v.t.,

tadidila.

be

(tarry), v.,

zinguluka.
;

LOOKED
v.,

at lovingly, lustfully by, be,

for, v.,

tantama
v.,

see also desire,

App.
(intensely),

lengokelwa or lengukilwa meso kwa.

.,

zinwa or laku(3)
;

LOOSE

(earth or sand),

see

efwese-

kwa
App.
(in

o
;

moyo

see

ketokela,
(8).

K.-Eng. fwila e

fwese dia

App.

LOOSELY,
be

tie, v.t.,

zeyeleka.
;

ebaba
leva.

tied, v.t.,

zeyalala.
.,

length), be,

become, grow,

v.i.,

LOQUACITY,

lumpintula, 10
v.t.,

lue-

tola, 10.

make,

v.t.,

levesa.
a.,

LORDSHIP
-antulela.

over, to exercise,

bose-

long range (of weapons), nta, -antwala.

LOSE
(in

so long as (while), adv., see yavana,

App.

energy or power to say or do, tionga. gambling, war, &c.), v.z., yela.
all v.,

&

thin,

a.,

-ansioni.

v.t.,

yelwa.

LONGER,
I

no,

will

ke...diaka ko; stand no longer, kitelaadv.,

(4)

the taste (for a thing),

nlaku

(4,

U-)

saka; he has

lost the taste for

ma
LONGING,
to
;

a moyo (3) evelema, 8 eluema, 8. be able to do something which one cannot or must not do, n.,
.,
;

diaka ko. nlekoko

malavu
Loss
(a losing),
suffer, v.,
of,

palm-wine, o nlaku usakidi.

andi
2.

(in trade), n.,

nkuluki,
2.

nkulukwa,

tiki-tiki, 6.
to

fwilwa. fwidilwa.

have such a longing,

tiki-tiki

v.,

sala e

LONGINGLY at, to look, v., lengokeIwa or yengola o meso (pi. 7). LONGITUDE, also a parallel of,
.,

be at a loss to know how to do or make something, v., yitakiana. LOST, be or get, v.i., vianda. be lost and wandering, v., vuvana.
(disappear), be,
v., lala.

ntongeka,

2.

LONG-SUFFERING

paying no heed to violence, annoyance, &c.), n., nlandu, 4 mvuku, 4. be, v., landula, lazula.
(the
;

hopelessly, be, v., langala. LOT, of a, mundu a (P. mundo, the

world).

what

lot,

see

biza

&

mbote,

LOOK

at, for, after, v.,

v.t.,

tadikila.

App.

blank,

tungama, monganana.

LOUD

(of the voice), a.,

-abakuka.

LOU-MAN
LOUDLY,
LOVE,
z/.,

to speak,
(2).

z/.,

bakula

e ndi-

MAKE,
little

continued.
cuts

nga

(build, style), n.,

in,
z/.,

see

tonda, App.

kanda, nwata.
;/.,

12.

rotherly, tmglldi, 12.

(manner of making),
one's self out
a.,

(mutual), n., nzolani, 2. D, best (the favourite),

to

be,

z/./.,

ebangu, 8. kukita
to stand

-anta-

(refl.\

kikltula
I

(re/I.).

mbuki.
)\v

out the total of an

at,

amount

down, near the ground, adv., omu mbetela (2) a nsi (2).

balula

rods,

make it 10,000 mbalwidi kiazi kia

;

and flat, a., -elalangoma. and spreading, be, v., batalala.

ntaku.
quickly, ?/., vangizieka. up one's mind, z/., yambukwa
v.,

LOWER

a price,

v.f.,

bufa.

LOWERING, be

(of the weather),

ntima
[(2)

(4)

or

moyo
z/.,

(3).

[kuma

(9)

LUBRICATE, */., LUBRICATED, be, ma.

ku-] yitalala. lelemesa, lelomona.

v.,

a way (through),

teta e nzila
to pass),

lelomoka, lele-

way

(to

allow

muna]. some one

(2).

z/.,

sila e nzila

LUCK
LUMP,
left

(good),
.,

6. ., zumbi, ebungela, 8 ebwengele;

MALE, a, -abakala (Bako.),-ambakala

(Bako.).
plant,
sex,
.,

kete,
in

8.

nlomba,
kiakala,

4.
;

something imperfectly ground or crushed, eluSU, 8 vanzi.,

;

5 lungisa e kento ye kiakala, assemble

.,

kwa,
(mass),
n.,
.,

(which protrudes),

dindusu, 7 (Bako.). n., fungudia, 6.

4.

all

the

population

(lit.,

all

mbumba,
.,

womankind and mankind). MALICE, n., efwenka, 8 lutonge;

LUNCH, mbela-mbela, 2. LUPUS exedens, matamba, LURE, v., volela.

.,

neko,
pi. 8.

10.
z/./.,
.,

bear against,

tongeneka.
8
;

volela,
.,

6.

LUST,
after,

z/./.,

eketo, 8. ketokela.
z/.,

MALIGNITY, efwenka, ngeneko, 10. MALLET, nkonko, 2.

.,

luto-

MAN,

see also

mbana, App.
n.,

(any one),
(10).

mwena...o longo
z/.,

of importance or position,
ngi,
3-

mwi-

LUXURY,

live

in,

vwama, pu-

tuta.

MANAGE, z/., ludika. MANE, nsamba-samba,

.,

2.

MANGROVE
ngo).

tree, n.,

mwema,

3 (Solo-

M.
[ACHINE,
n.,

MANHOOD

(that which constitutes a wuman, a human being),

.,
;

makina,

(P.

ma-

ntu, 12 uwuntn, 12. MANIOC, a very soft, immature root

of,

china).

MADE,

be, v.L,
real),

up (not

salama. a., -ansoka.

;

MANNER,
(style)

nsiau, 4. same, adv., kumosi. of carrying or speaking,

.,

in the

MAGISTRATE, n., mungwizi, 3. MAIDEN, young, ., dumbelele, 6 w* 0/j0 mwenze, App. MAINTAIN in good condition, v.t., simbinina.

ndata,

2.

MANTIS,

.,

lunkunza-mbuku,
; ;

10

(Kib.)

lunkunza-nkonzo, 10 (Bako.) lunsunga-nkombo, 10

(Makuta).
(vegetable),
.,

MAKE,

v.t.,

sadika.

MANURE

mvuku,

2.

3D

MAN-MEN
MANY
or too many, take,
ndelesa.
have, kwendelelwa.
v.,

77o)

kwe-

MEAN,

continued.

that, conj., see

mpangu, App.
2.

MEANING,

.,

nsosa,

because (there were) so many, see wingi, App. very many, see e ke ye kingi, App.

MEANS

(ability),

ndenda,
to

2 his

every

one according

means,

konso muntu
andi.
(of obtaining),
.,

muna ndenda
mpwilu,
2
;

MAR, i/., bandula. MARK, v., vianga. made on the road

mona, make a,
nzila
2.

"ba-

to

show the route

.,

kilu,

6.

taken by a caravan,
v.,

nkoloe

by

all

means, adv., kiau tu nki.

MEANWHILE,
kolomona, tenda

adv., wau (during); the sentence being reconstructed to

(2).

MARRIAGE, n., nsompani, 2. MARRIED, be, v.i., sompoka

MEASLES
(of

admit of the use of during. in pork, a cyst of, n., yinga,

8 (Bako.)
;

wo-

disa,

7.

men only). MARSH, ntabala, 4. MARVEL at, v., kunmna.

.,

MEASURE
8.

(a stick, &c., cut

or marked

to the exact length), n., ezengo,

(to utter

a cry of surprise),

v.i.,

ku4
;

with overflowing measure, adv.,

luluka.
(wonderful thing),
.,

mabetomona
nkumbi,
thus, to, v., sia o
4.

(pi. 8).

nkungulu,

MASH, MASK,

z/./.,
.,

vota.
;

ngobodi, 2 from ngobodi, something which inspires awe, on account of its size.
.,

MEDIATE, v., MEDIATOR, nzonzi, 2 (Bako.) nkambakani, i & 4. MEDICINAL bark and roots, to search
.,

mabetomona. kambakana.

for, collect, v.,

banga.
.,

MASS

(lump),

mbumba,
.,
;

4.
;

one who
ebidi,
8.
;

collects,

mbangi,
kaya. nkayi,
i

&
4.

4.

(great number),

bidi, 6

leaves, to collect, v.,

5 ngengele, 2 huge mass of rock, a boulder, kiengele kia etadi (8) see also under nkingu, App. MASSIVENESS, n., silu, pi. 6.

huge, kiengele,

one who

collects,

.,

&

MEDICINE, bundle of
nda, 8
;

(fetish), n.,

ebu-

see also

MEDITATE,
kula.

.,

mfula, App. vimpita, lamba, di-

MASTER

(of his profession), nku, 2 ; i salu kia

.,

nku-

MEEK,

be, v.,
.,

lembalala.

nkunku

person,

nlembami,
v.,

&

nlealso

kiki, this

is

the

work of a
as
8.

ka,

4-

master-hand.

MEET, go
same make
v.i.,

to,

kamba;

see

MAT,

circular, of the

batidila, App.

the native baskets, n., etanda,

MEETING,

.,

or be matted together,

tunga-

MELT

down,

-v.t.,

lukutakanu, 10. zelomona.

zelola, zunza.
6.

MATTER

lakana, tungalakiana. (to talk about), n., lusangu,

10.
n., see

(metals),
v.i.,

v.t.,

zeloka, zunzuka. MEMBER of the body, n., kikwa,

most important,

under nku-

MEMORIAL,

n.,

lubanzilu,

10.

mbi nkungula, App. MATURE, be, v.i., yeboka, kola. MATURITY (puberty), n., etuluka, MBADI cloth, twelve sheets of,
mbondo,
2.
.,

MEMORY,
8.
.,

10. ., lubanzu, something indelible from the

mem-

ory,

MEAN

MEND, v., MENSTRUATE, v.t., nokwa (a euphemism).

kienze, 5. see lusoka, App.

.,

person,

mbaba,

4.

77i

Ml N -MOR

MENTION,

suma

tola(Bako.) zangata, ziotola (with respect} (not used of or to one's betters}.

?/./.,
;
;

Miss the

object,

?'./.,

tikumuka.

very much, ?>., mona o or ntuka (4).

nzuwa

(4)

unintentionally,

?/./.,

sundakesa,

lutakesa.
item by item,
?/./.,

tangumuna.
v.,

ntumwa, 2. mbunge, 4. MISTAKE, vilwa, 12 mpilwa,

MISSIONARY,
., .,
.,

MIST,
zeba.

Mi

-s (play

with one's food),

2

mpilakeno,

2.

MESSAGE, ;/., lutumu, 10. MESSENGER, ntumwa,

.,

make
;

a, v.i. t

tundangana, vilwa.
t

nekwe-

be put
put,

in by,
v.t.,
z/./.,

nda,
send
a,
?'.,

(sing.).

v.i'. kwendelela. kwendelesa.

(respected),
Mi.i'AL, a

sia e

mbaku, 4. ntumwa.
tin,

MISUSE,

pitakesa.
?/./.,

Mix up

together (cornbin.e)>
in

lu-

hard, bright, such as alloys of tin, ;/., kinzazi, 5.

.,

mba.

MIXED

with,,

be,

z/.,

lumbana
;

METAMORPHOSIS, METRE, .,meta, 2. METRIC system,

metre)
are,
;

ekitu,

8.

muna.

MiXTURE

.,

nsangu, 4
v.i.,
.,

see

also

kimeta, 5 (Fr. j^ meta, lita, stere,

.,

nswangu, 4 r App.

&

mill-,

senti-,

desi-,

MODERATE, be, MODERATION,

10.

tuna. tunu, 6

lutunu,

deka-, ekto-, kilo-, miria, &c. MICA, tiny scales of, ., ekwa (8) dia nzazi (2).

exercise, -z/.z'., tuna, lose all, v.i., tununuka.

in,

MIDDAY, nlungu (4) a ntangwa elunga (8) dia ntangwa. MIDDLE (centre), ndunda, 2.
.,

(2),

adv., e

ngingu
.,

kole.
6.

(self-control),

volo,

MILLI-

(metre,

&c.)

exercise, v., vololoka.

T o\>o>
4.

mili-

MOLE

(the animal), n.,

(meta, &c.).

MOMENT,
nyindu,

at the very, adv.,

mbumbulu, 2. vana or
;?.,

MIND
bear

(intellect),

;z.,

vovo fulu, vovo vau.

(intelligence), n., diela, 7.

in,
z/.z.,

MONEY
sia

lent

on

interest,
.,

zuka,

6.

sungamena,

oku

a piece of money,

mpanza,

&
n..

ntima

(4).

n.

have one's mind at rest, v., (4, u-) bwa or kuluka. set, v.t., bwisa or kulula o (3) or mbundu (2).

moyo
moyo

MONSTER

of a (of animals only),

(8)
;

evwendengele dia
also huge,
pig,

see

App.

a monster of a

make up
(4).

one's

mind

(decide), v.,

evwendengele dia ngulu. MONTH, The following are the names

of the 13
in

kubika,

yambukwa

ntima
n.,

make up

one's

sia e

mind to (earnestly), etima (8) dia.

strong,
for
8.
?/.,

2,

"moons" in the year, Mbula-mazi r, Mbula-mazi-mbu (plenty ot

Luangu:
this
;

fish

month)

MINDED, be

kuzolela.
;z.,

difole

4,

3, Nkombe Mambunyi-mambu;

MINUTE

(point

discussion),

nyi;
;

5,

Kufulu (budding);
(small rainsj
;

6,

ekono,

Minoka
v.,

7,

Nto;

MISERABLE,
(4

be,

kafalala,

ntima

u-)

kafalala,

bobalala

(Bako.).

Nuni-ntombo mbo 8, 9, Mwanga-masangu 10, Mwanda 12, Mawala 1, Ndolo

;

condition,

MISERY,

,,

lukendeleko, 10, nkangu (4) a ntima

.,
,,

(4).

MISFORTUNE,
(Bako.).

ndaza,

nlaza, 4

Mbangala. MOON, ngonda, 2 (Bako.). MORE and more, to..., ZA, tuntulula
13,
.,

(the

object

being the

action],

MOR-MUS
MORE, continued. nungunuka
;

772

MUCH
;

more,

much

less,

see

OZ6VO
v.,

see

also

vaza,

App. they loved him more and more, batlintulwidi kunzola; it became more and

weyi, App. give, do, take, do too much,

kisa.

sa-

the habit of

making much ado about

n.,

more heavy, kinungunukini

ezitu.

a slight ailment or accident,

mfwidi-mfwidi
v.t.,

(I

am
4.

dead).

beta, sunda, suva, he was stronger than his companion, oyandi obetele o nkwa andi e ngolo. put, v.t., kundikila, kudikila. than, adv., ke mu...ko. MORNING star, /*., ntetembwa (2) a

have, do,

MUDDY

place, n., ntabala,

luta

MULTIPLIER, n., fokwelwa, 6. MULTIPLY, v., fokola. the number of times multiplied, n., mfoko, 2 6 times 20, mfoko 6 za20.
;

MULTITUDE (great number), ?z.,wingi,

12
;

nkielelo

(2).

ebidi, 8

bidi, 6.
n.,
12.

an the morning,
ing,

when it was mornadv., oku leka mene-mene.

tente,
2.

MURDEROUS
MUD-FISH,

nature,
.,

umpondi, ngola-maza, 2.

MORSEL

(bit), n.,

6.

MURMUR,
MUSACEA

v.t.,

vunguta;
.,

see

also

(fragrant),

nkesona,

mutter, App.
strelitzia (hot.),
;

MORTAL (causing death), a., -amfwila. MORTAR hollowed out in the side of
a log instead of at the end, su (6) kiandamba (Bako.).
n.,

zeke, 6

zieke, 6

see

K.-Eng. App.
.,

MUSCULAR
pad

fellow,
7.

kingundu,

5 a

dingundu,
(P.

MORTUARY,

n.,

ngamela,
.

(as at the

base of the thumb, on

camera).

the heel, &c.),

MOTHER-IN-LAW, of wife, ngudi (2) a longo

of husband, ko, 13.

MUSHROOM,
(10).

.,

mfunda, pi. 2. j^ evamba, 8, App.

.,

a cluster of a small white variety, nzau, 2 sazi, 6 (Bako.).

;

MOTHERLY love,
;

.,

ngemba a

ngudi,

MUST,
I

77.

MOULD

2 (Bako.) walakazi, 12. into some form, v.t., sema.

(projection), n.,
3.

kamika

kala ye ekami (8) see kamika, App. must go, ekami ngina diau
aux.,
; ;

MOULDING, a
mbuti,

mungungu10.

dia kwenda.
see also

under kaka, mbula, fwa-

of pottery, the

manner
of,

of, n.,

nukwa, mpandi, & lembwa,

App.
the narrative tense (or a form identical with if) may also be used

mba,

2.

the operation

luwumbilu,

MOUND,

slight,

raised

by a certain

species of white ant, n.,

kimpa-

nda-ngongo,

5.

MOUSTACHE,

n.,

esunia,

8.

MOUTH

of a bell, trumpet, funnel or any enlargement at the end of

n.,

of future events; in such case it is very emphatic must, have to when it is used there can be no question or hesitation; I must go, yakwenda 1 must
; ;

a cylinder,

MOUTHFUL,

nsanza, nkanzika, 4.
n.,
v.i.,

2.

give

it

to

him,

yakumvana

kio

you

will

MOVE (of fetus

in utero), v.i.,

dukula.

wanua tu

have to drink it, I must run, kio

;

slowly and heavily, (stir), v.i., sonsola.

kokomoka.

yalundumuka. The negative must be formed by means of

the
not...

up and down (as grass, &c., when a rat is making its way under it, v., tunduka.

auxiliary verb, lembi, you must not sell

;

to
it,

walembi kio teka.

773

MUT-NlC
(aside), adv.,

MUTE

(grammatical),

a,

ku mfundu
;

NEAR

kuna mpenza
(5).

(2).

very near, adv., e kimfini

MUTILATION,

.,

luseoko, 10 (pass.}
v.i.,

NEARLY,

very, fianzie

nga

the plate

luseolo, 10 (act.). MUTTER to one's self,

la.

vunguta
fundulu-

(Bako.), yidima,lola,

was nearly broken, fianzie nga elonga diwudikidi. NEARNESS, n., kimfinangani, 5 ki;

mfini,
.,

5.

MUTTERING, nyidimu, 4. MYRIA- (metre, &c.) = multiply

NEATNESS, done without any attempt

10,000,
at, a.,

-afwatiku-fwatiku.
n.,

miria- (meta, &c.). MVRRH, n., mor, 2 (Heb. mor). MYSTERY, ;/., mfundu, 2 kimpindi, 5 kimbinda, 5 (something " locked up "). the explanation of a mystery, n.,
;
;

NECESSITY,

nkondwa,
2
;

2,

NECK,

n.,

nsingu,
n.,

nkingu,
4-

(Bako.).

NECKLACE,

nsanga,

NEED

(of beads), n., dita, 6 ; of, be in great, v.,

diongo,

fx

mona

o nzu-

diambu
long, a,
fl.j

(7) dia kinsamuna. -akinsamuna.

wa (4) or ntuka (4). NEEDY, a., -ansukami (pi. asukami). mvivu, 4 zuNEIGHBOURHOOD,
.,
;

N.
NAKED,
in
a.,

nga,
nzo,

6.

NERVE, nervous
2,

energy, n,

see

nko-

App,

a naked state, adv.,

-ankulungunzu. nkulungu8
;

of a tooth,

n.,

nsunungu,

2.

nerve in suffering, lack

of,

n.,

kia-

nzu (4). NAKEDNESS, n., evene,

nzu,
4.

nkulungu;

NAME

(mention), v., tola (Bako.) zangata, suma. a price, -z/., sia e ntalu (2) or esu-

ngula, 5. NERVOUS, be (impatient), v., kala ye kiangula, 5. NERVOUSNESS, ., kiangula, 5. NEST of twigs, ;/., kialwa, 5. NETTLE, n., vidi, 6 dinsiensia, 7.
;

mbu
after
v.t.,

(8).

NEVER

(not

for

ever), adv.^ ke...ko

any one, give a family name?

luka.
.,

family,
(fix), v.,

nluku,

4.

named

sikinisa (Bako.), sikana. (by), a., -esika-sika (yo).

what are their names, nani yo nani

yakwele mvu. NEVERTHELESS, conjee kana nkutu, nkaya-kaya. NEW,.#., -amona, (strange), a., -ampimpita, kinsamu, 5. NEWS,
.,

who & who). NARROWNESS, n., kimfinangani,

(///.

(report),
5.

nsangu,
n.,

2 sing,

second-hand,

nsangu

(2)

za-

NATION,

n., see

NATURAL
(to

(as

vula, 6 zula, 6, App. a human being), a. y

;

nkambwa.
concerning the sickness or death of or some disaster which has befallen a relative, etamba, 8. wonderful, n., diambu (7) dia ki.,

-awuntu, -akiwuntu.
a tree or plant),
a.,

-a

mumbene-

na

(3).

NATURE

(inborn),
;

(Bako.)

butukulu. 6 n., wutukilu, 6 wutu;

nsamuna,

the explanation

of

kilwa.
(normal
state), n.,

a mystery, something which was never heard of before.

NAVEL, protruding,

minu, 6. ekumba,
.,

NEXT
8.

to, be, v.t.,

v.,

landakana.

NIBBLE,
n.
;

kela.
;/.,

NDEMBO
see

mystery, language
kizengi,
5,

of,

NICKNAME,
kela.

nkumbu

(2)

anso-

App.

NlG-NUR
NIGHT,
be or
in

774
the middle of the, adv.

NOT, continued.

see -ediki,
sit

App.
night,
v.,

mpangi diau adimosi ne ki

kielwa.

up

all

No, inter pe. j., no little, no small,

a.,

NOBLE
NOISE
at

(exalted), be,

ke -andwelo. kundalala, tu-

eno ko do not carry if it were not heavy, kunati e nkele ne banza vo ke izita ko.
;

mfumu

the box as

ndalala.
(bustle,

NOTE
rush),
n.,

especially, v., ta.

v.t.,

ngungula4.

take note of (mentally),

sil e

ngungula, 2. an incantation,
n.,

dimbu
n.,

(6),

tonekena.
2
;

nsangu,
;

NOTHING,
pi.

n.,

mpesa,
2
;

mpena,

clamour,

lokoSO, 10

biaula,

nkatu,
bring

vela,

6.

5 (Bako.). expressive of wonder,

to, v.t.,

n.,

ekumbu,
eyokosa,

8. 8,

come

to, v.i.,

vondesela. kufwila.

a great noise,

n.

see

for nothing, a.,

-angovo.
ngofwila.
v.t.

App.
(loud), of

(utterly wasted), adv., e

some commotion, ndiki2.

NOTICE
NOTION,

of,

take no, (put up with),

ntiti, 4.
conj.,

diki,

vukula.
the

made when
or
at

new moon appears

n.,

the birth of a child or decision of a tribunal, lozi, 10.

NOTWITHSTANDING,
conj., i

kana

nkutu, nkaya-kaya.

make make

the above noise, v., ta lozi. a noise as of a free fight, v.,

muna wau nkutu... ndivo.

watu.
v.t.,
.,

(in protesting), conj.,

dituka.

make a thundering, dudula, tutula. of something moving, n., nsonsa, 4. make such, v., sia o nsonsa.
NOISED abroad, be, v.i., kumba, yaya. NONSENSE, n., ungolokoso, 12 u;

NOUN, nkumbu, 2. NOURISH (of food only),

finuna.

fikuna,

NOURISHMENT
parts), n.,

(that

which food im-

ngongolokoso, 12
pl. 8.

mavamba,

mfiku, 2. Now see (what has become of it), see now, conj. see kasi OWU, App. indeed or at length, conj., wau i
;

NOR,

con/.,

musungula, ngatu (with

;

bosi.
that, conj.,

the verb in the infinite affirmative] I neither bought nor even

vo,

wau kina vo wau kadi.

n.,
n., mungizi, ezuku, 8.

or kinana

saw

it,

kisumbidi kio ko ngatu

kio.
2, n.

NSAFU

kernel,

3.

moua
NORTH,
of,

NUCLEUS,
(P. norte).

n.,

note,

NUDGE

(anyone, unobserved, to call

NOSE, swelling (hyperasmic) of

.,

inside

his attention), v., takula, via-

nsute,

2.
;

ngula.
see also

NOT,

adv., ka...ko (Bako.)

NUISANCE (danger and annoyance),

n., vangu, 6. NULLIFY, v.t., bwangalakesa, pangalakesa.

under sa, App. was or is. ..he (&c.) not; see biza & mbote, App. not a few, a., ke -andwelo. when /wo negative sentences are
joined by as though, just as if, as if, the second particle of negation appears only once, and that at the end of the combined sentences; do not treat me as if I were not your chief, ku-

NUMBER,
6
;

a great,
ntuti, 4
a.,
;

.,

ebidi, 8

bidi,

see also e

ke ye

kingi, App.

NUMEROUS,
NURSING

-ankangu.

be, v., tuta,

bwembena, besama.
a, v.,

sling, n., luayi, 10.

be borne on

zembama muna

luayi

(10).

775

NUR-OMI
it.,

NURSING,

continued.

OBSTRUCT,

kakidika.
n.,

take out of or set

lola.

down from
kasu,
6.

a,

ze-

(be an obstruction), kakalala.

OBSTRUCTION,
n.,

NUT

(for

a bolt),

freedom from
...in,

all,

kaku, 6. nkolbmona,
.,

2.

place

as

an,

kakidika...

O.
OATH, take
ndofi
an,
(2),

muna. OBTAIN further or

kesa.

beside,

v.t.,

bata6.

v.,

bindumuka
2.
;

bindumuka.
ngwilu,

OCCUPATION, pressing, (trade), n., nkono, 4.

;/.,

vaki,

OBEDIENCE, OBLIGED to,

n.,

OCCUR
see

(happen),
v.,

v.,

vaika.
;

be, v.i.,

fwanukwa

to

one,
it

yima muna ntima

to

also must,

App.

occurred

him

to

see

OBSCENE, a., -ansafu. OBSCENITY, n., nsafu, 4. OBEY, v.t., widikila (Bako.), wila
command], OBJECT, the chief, n., etima, 8. OBLIGATION. n., ekami, 8. be under great, v., bindakana.

(M<? object being' the person, not the

whether the thing was there, diyimini muna ntima andi edi dia tala vo e lekwa kikedi ko.

OCEAN,

n.,

muwu,
n.,

(pi.

miuwn).
\

ODD
a.,

number,

ntula, 4
use),

ntuka,

4.

-antula, -antuka, -answangani.

(of

no particular

a.,

-ansuwa.
of,
n.,

ODDS and
di,

evens, the
;

game

OBLIGATORY,

be,

v.t.,

kamama.

mpweso, 4
App.
;

OBLIGED

to

do something, be, zoledesired, required to);

mpinzi, nsibigames, p. 493.

see

Iwa

(be

because
ntaku,
e
e

we had

to

give

the o

ODOUR, emit a delightful, v., tombana. give out an, v., vumbana.

kuma
to,

twazolelo
v.,

OF

vana
be or
I

ntaku.

(such and such a town, class, &c.), -akwa; Nsafu of Kimbanda,

feel

obliged

kamika,
5

kala ye ekami

(8),

nwengwa

Nsafu akwa Kimbanda; the chiefs of Ewombe, a mfumu

am

obliged to go,

ngina ye

zakwa Ewombe.
(before

dia kwenda, ndwengeno or nkamikini o kwenda.

be much,
v.,

ekami

a pers. pron.\

ceded by a locative], App.

also

see -ina (presee ;

mwa,
.,

App.
im-

OBLONG, see OBSERVE, v., tadikila.

(carefully), tadidila.

bindakana. under oval, App.

OFFENCE (something wrong or

proper),

commit
take, v.,

an,

v.,

eyanga. bula e eyanga.

in a,

OBSTINACY,
App.

lufutu,
4
;

10

(Bako.),

baka e efwema (8). OFFENSIVE (stinking) condition,

adv., e

nkumfu,

see also

kinkani,

bokoto
.,

(pi. 6).

OFFSPRING,
i

wutwa,

nwutuki,

(of children), sebe, 6.

&

4.

(persistence), n., luzindalalu, 10. which will only yield in the last ex-

OH

(of regret), inter j.,

ekwe,
v.i.,

OLD &

tough or useless, be,

n.,

kuva.

treme, and perhaps not then,

n.,

person,

nenunu,
4.

4.

findu,

6.

OBSTINATE heedlessness
and warning,
(indifferent to
n.,
all), v.i.,

to

advice
6.

(very), nkosa, OLIVE, also the

tree, n., olive, 2

ze-

tibingi,

kumvalala.

tona, 2 zethan).

(P.

azeitona;

Heb.

OBSTINATELY, hold on
V.,

(perseveringly),

OMISSION,

n.,

zindalala.

OMITTED,

see

evengwa, 8. evengwa, App.

ON-OWN
ON,
see also

776

mwa, App.
the emph.
I

ORATOR,
or kaka, dem. pron. ;
for
all,

n.,

ngwelele-ngwenze,
?)

2.

ONCE

for all, adv., i...aka

ORCHID

(var.

n.,

mwenzi

(3)

with

amputu.

rt/.svkiamakuluw//'^ the applied

ORDER

to go,

v.t.,

tuma.
4.

form;
i

tell

you once

nsamwina aka yiyi mwini or ivovesele wo

mil
;

isa-

(command), n., nkanikinu, v., kanikina.

of rank ^precedence,
2.

kia-

(give instructions to), yika.

n.,

makulu.
at once, adv.) i

ndandani,
order,

also expressed by the reduplicated verb.

have been once, but not now, v., see -adi, v. defective, App. ONE above the other, a., -ankundakito

done without any attempt at a., -afwatiku-fwatiku.

ORDINANCES
pi.

(regulations), n.,

mina,

ani,

-ankundieka, -ambandi-

siwa, 6. ORDINARY, a., kibeni

3
;

ordinary dress,

eka.
adv.) e

mpwata

kibeni.
of iron,

e
after

adv.,

nkundakiani, e mbandieka, nkundieka. the other, a., -andandani. e ndandani.

nlongo (=mpasi,
p. 354).

ORE, hard piece

which

pre-

sents the appearance of furnace

ORIGIN,

slag, n., ekongwankela, 8. n., see ezuku, 8, App.

ONLY,
a.,

conj.,

(cause), n.)

ntondo,

2.

-ampivi.
.,

child,

kialati, 5.

ORIGINATE, v.t., solomona, selomona, semona.

-a miasi.

ONYX,
OPEN,
(in

n.)
a.)

onis, 2. -a mwasi

(3), pi.

ORNAMENT, n., nkembo, 2. ORNAMENTAL, a., -ankeko.

OSTENTATIOUS, be provokingly,
ta kimpadi
(5,
v.t.,

an open

state), adv.)

mwasi.

(the mouth), v.,

yasuna.
(7)

Bako.)

ta e

wide (a door), bengomona. OPINION, edi or e diambu

diail
;

-ina

this

is

my

opinion, i
;

diau didi ngina diau what is his opinion ? nkia diambu kena diau ? our opinion is different, edi tuna diau diakaka. (judgment of the mind),w.,nzengo,2. OPINIONATED, be very, v., bamba. OPPORTUNITY, give an, v., vana or sila e nzila (2). have an, v., baka e ntangwa (2) vwa e nzila (2).

mpadi (2). -ankaka (Bako.). OTHER, OTHERWISE, conj., ke mpela ko; come at once otherwise it will
.,

late, wizidila, ke mpela ko e ntangwa isaka. OTTER, as large as a water rat, white

be too

belly, flat tail, n., la, 10.

lungola-ngo-

OUGHT,
OVAL,
be,
v.)

see

an,

n.,

nga, App. nswatata,

4.

OPPOSE,

v.t.)

see

palana, App.
v.,

the wishes

of (another),
(5).

sia e

swatumuka, sungumuka. make, v., sungumuna, swatumuna. OVERHAUL, v.t., satulula, sandulula, OVERREACH, v.t., sunda, sundidila,
luta, lutidila.

kintanta
OPPOSITE,
be,

v.t.,

singalakana, ta-

lana.

OPPOSITION, place in, v.t., kakidila. OPPRESS,^./., futuna(Bako.),funtuna. OR, or else, conj., ke mpela ko.

OVERSHADOW, v.t., yitalela. OVERWHELMED, be, v.i., finangeswa. OWN, of one's, a., -akuvwila he has a knife of his own, wina ye
;

ORANGE

tree, n.,

nlalanza, 4 (P. la-

OWNER,

mbele akuvwila. the owner of the n., vwa, i

;

ranja).

house, o vwa-nzo.

777

PAC-I'AT

PART, continued.

P.
PACIFY,
t/./.,

(allotted), n.,

(integral), n., see

(slice),
.,

kwa, 6. kikwa,
z/./.,

6,

App.

sele, 6.

wondeleka.
bandila.

PARTAKE
(2)

of (eat),

dia.
e

PACK

closely, v.t.,
.,

(have a share

in),

kala

ntwadi

mfwadu, 4 (P. fardo). mundemba-wana, P^DOBAPTIST, see lemba o mwana, App. 3 PAGE, where a passage may be found,
r\i>DiNG,
.,
;

muna.

(take or receive a portion), bonga or tambula e kunku (6).

PARTIAL, be

(in

judgment),

z/.,

kusia

.,

ezikila, 8
.,

evika,

8.

PAIN

mviangalu (4) a ntima (4), tema (6) kia mpasi. PAINED in the heart, be, z/., tiukwa ntima (4).
(terrible),

PAINS, take, z/., songola. PAIR (of animals or birds

mate),
n.,

vana esambu dimosi. PARTISAN, kamba, 6. PARTITION, yaka (6) kiansungi, ngumbu, 2. PARTNER, mbale, 2. PARTNERSHIP of women, kindu.,
.,
.,

.,

which
in,

mbi,
adv.,

kindumbizi,

5.

kialwa,

5.

kindumbi,

kindu-

PALAVER-PLACE, in a town, ., eboko, 8 ntanda-ndembo, 4 mbazi (2) a ekongo.

;

mbizi.
enter into,

vanga
z/.,

in trapping only,

PALE, become, z/./., seboka, pukuka. PALENESS, n., seswa, 6. PALM, fruit of mpusu, etombe, & date palm, n., nkulu, 2. midrib of leaf, keke, 6.
.,

enter into,

kindumbi, &c. bunda, 6. leka e bunda.

e
.,

PASS, allow to, z/., sila e nzila (2). by or round something (carefully

of leaflet,
nsiele,

.,

siensiele, 6

lusie1 1

1 1

&

lusiensie,

avoiding it through fear, respect or disgust), v.t., kengoloka. over (an obstacle) or across (a space),
z/.,

&2.
large, of
oil,
.,

sumbuka.

Raphia

vinifera,

ebanga,
;

8.

nzeta, 2 (P. azeite

see ze-

tona, App.).
wine, old sour, ., dikaya, 7. wine, which is not more than
12

over a wrong or breach of discipline until it should be again repeated ; see zinga e ebu (8),

App.
through safely or unhurt or without being interfered with, z/., ku-

hours old,

malavu

(pi. 8)

ma-

nswa.
PANT,
z/.*.,

womba

(re/I.).
.,

lakala, sakasa.

PASSAGE money,

nzambu,

2.

PARAGRAPH, n., ekono, 8. PARALLAX, zumbulu, 6. PARALLEL, be, singamena kumosi. of latitude, nkambiku, 2.
.,

pay, z/., zaniba. a clear passage (a long, open road-

way),

.,

mumpumpu,
v.
;

3.

.,

PASSES, make,

see
8.

mika, App.
(sing.

of longitude,

ntongeka,
.,

2. 6.

PASSION,

.,

eketo,
.,

PARALLELOGRAM,
PARALYSE,
z/.A,
.,

ba,
8.

(emotion),

vengenene, 6

vola.

PARALYSIS, PARALYTIC,

evola,

.,

mbevo
.,

(2)

a evola.
;

PARAMOUR,
PARCHMENT,
PART,
.,

nkembi, 4

mwa-

mbizi, 3 (Mbamba).
.,

ngungu,

2.

bela,

6.

n., efwenka, 8. nduta, 2. PAST,, the remote, n., kavengelele, 9 ngodia-ngodia, 2. PASTURAGE, ., madilu, pi. 8. PAT playfully, z/./., wanda o ntayi (4).

overmastering,
n.,

PASSOVER,

PAT-PER PATCH
PATH,
of cultivated ground, small,
6.

778

v.,

PEG upon which

lua,
n.,

nzia-zia,
path,

4.

a direct

nzila

(2)

-abatuor nkuor moyo

5.

to hang things, nketekwa, 2. PENAL, a., see -ansi a nkuwu (2), App. PENDULOUS, be (of the breast), v.i.,
.,

abatu.

bokola,
.,

PATIENCE, luku
(3).

(4)

nlekoko a ntima
.,

(4)
(4)

in suffering, lack of,

kiangula,

PEOPLE, great number of, n. see zelele, 6, App. PERDITION, lufwasu, 10. PERFECT, bring to perfection (ofplans,
;

.,

(perseverance),

.,

luzindalalu, 10.

studies, hopes,

c.), z/./.,

zikula.

PATIENT

(long suffering), be, v. t landula, lazula.

disposition,

make, kunkula. be (complete), v.t., vangama, ku-

plodding
-azizi.

ntima
i.
;

(4)

nkuka.
(in prime),

zikuka.
style), a.,
.,

PATRIARCH, PATTERN,
ndu,
(gauge),

n.,
.,

nkulu,

(in

idiom or

-akosi.
;

pwa-meso, 6
.,

mba;

PERFECTION,
App.
be
at,
-z/./.,

eziku, 8

see

zikuka,

2.

(design, figure),
.,

(make),
(style),

n.,
.,

kimpa, 5 nonga-nonga, 6. kanda, 12.

2.

pa,

6.

zikuka, kunkuka.
in

bring

to, see perfect.

PERFORATED

many

places
a,

.,

mpwa,

-azoko-zoko.

PAUSE,
.,

v., kuma, kindama. nkuminu, 2.

.,

PERFUME, something

emitting

z/.,

PAW,

buba,
6.

6.
.,

PAY

of a blacksmith 0r doctor,

dinsunga-nsunga, 7. PERHAPS, used verbally, to... perhaps, nanga...ye (c.) I may buy it
;

kwezi,
a passing

visit

0r call,

z/.,

vitamena.

perhaps to-morrow, ndanga kio sumba yo mbazi he was per;

for a service 0r a ferry or passage

money,
., .,

v.,

zamba.
;

nzambu, 2. efuta, 8 nsendo, 4. PAYMENT, (the manner of paying), mfuta, 2.

PEACE,
n.,

onanga lunga. possible to be, v., nanga kala vo, generally impersonal, dinanga
haps
right,

kala VO
perhaps
vo,
it
;

it is

perhaps possible

that, also

dinanga lungana vo.

ungudi,

12 (j**

K.-Eng.

App.).

conj.

see

may be that, if perhaps, unkwa, unkwa kala

make peace
make,
v.t.,

again, vutula ungudi. sia e ngemba (pi. 2) sia

; ;

&

(kala)

owu
pi.

diakalanga,
;

ke vete ko, App.

PERIL,
n.,

see also nwika o o ungudi nsangalavwa (4), App. (nsa-). of mind, n., fiauzi, 12 nkuluku or
;

lenga,
;

vonza, 6
(Bako.).

vangu, 6
be
in,

sumbu, 6

nlekoko a moyo (3). (safety), n., luvuvamu, 10.

sue
for, n.,

v., mona e vonza, mbuka (Bako.).

&c., su-

lomba

o luve (10).
.,

-ambengo-mbengo, PERILOUS, a., -avangu, -alenga, -avonza.

PEAK

(of
10.

mountain),

lusangidika,

PERIOD
PERISH,

(epoch),
v.i.,

n.,

sungi,

6.

kufwila.
.,

PEARL, n., perle, 2. PEDIGREE, ., mvila,

2.

PERITONEUM, PERJURE one's

(2).

luvungu,

10.

self, v.,

fumba

e ndofi

PEEP

out of a hole or door, just the

head appearing,

v.i.,

lumbalala.
v.t.,

PERMANENT,
PERMISSION,

be,
v.,

v.i.,

zingila.
2
;

PEER

(into,

over,

under, &c.),

ngyambu,

kia-

dionga.

mbu,

5.

779

PER-PLA
n.,

PERMISSION, continued.
give,
T/.,

1'i.KYKRsiTY,

lufutu, 10 (Bako.);

vana
v.,

lukaya lua kanga

o wiki.

PKRPLEX,

kindakesa, finangesa,
be,
v.i.,

nkumfu, 4. PERVERT, T'./., biondomona, bendomona.

PESTER, T/./., lakama. PETITION, n., mvingu,
2. 4.

yitakesa.

PERPLEXED,
I'I.RSKCUTE,

kindakana,
(Bako.), fu-

finangeswa, yitakiana.
v.t.,

also the thing asked for,

ndomba,

futuna
be,

ntuna, banganisa.

futuka (Bako ), funtuka, bangama. PERSECUTOR, n., ntantabadi, 2 suPERSECUTED,

v.i.,
;

ngubadi,

6.

PHILOSOPHER, n., ndongoti, 2. nkinda, 2. PHYLACTERY, PICK out (select), v., ta, dimbuna. out (maize), TA, bwenia. PIECE of cloth of double or extra
.,

PERSEVERANCE,
ngididi,
6.

n.,
;

fululu, 6

luzi;

length, see su,

(bit,

ndalalu, 10

swiswi, 6

su-

small),

.,

App. nkesona,

vasina,

6
(slice),

(continuance), n., kwaminini, 6. PERSEVERE, TV./., zindalaia, dokalala, sungama, finizieka, sia e ntala
(2)

tente, sele, 6

6.
;

lumemo,
;

10.

entire,

was of one piece throughout, baya kimosi kiau

baya, 6
it

or fulula

(6),

zitalala, va-

ekulu.
(entire, of cloth, braid,

namiana, vampamiana. PERSEVERING in, be, finizieka, zinda-

&c.),

n.,

mfofeka,
PIECES, in or
it is

4.

sungamena; lela, dokalela, we will persevere in our work,

tufinizieka e salu kieto. PERSIST, v., sia e ntala (2), dokalala. foolishly in a request, folokosa.
i

(part), n., bela,

to,

ebembele,

8.
;

adv., e bela-bela

torn to pieces, kibakilu e bela-bela.

PIERCE
with,

(into),
v.t.,

T/.Z'.,

sumama

(nmna).
2
;

n v
,

i.

kwamanana.
lakama.
v.,

sumika, someka.

in following, T/./.,landidila,
in (a

PIGEON

statement or idea),
n., 10.

selo-

moka.
PERSISTENCE,
PERSISTENT,
in one's

(green), ;/., nkutuluzia, ntunguluzia, 2. PILE, in one place, v.t., fitika.

ntala,

pi. 2

luzi-

ndalalu,

PILLAR

on, T/., kundakesa. of cloud, n., etuti (8) dia ki5.

be, v., see persevere,

own opinion, to be very, v.i., bamba. PERSON, n., mbana, i (pi. ambana).
young person whose name you forget or do not wish others to
hear, n., netoko,
i.

ntungila (5), kintungila, PILLOW, n., lukuba, 1 1 & 2.

(carved

wooden),

.,

nkindi,

(Bako.).
to sit on, n.,

mfwadu,

4 (P. fardo).

PINAFORE, n., lenga, 6. PIPE (tube), n., mvuvu,

4.

PERSPIRATION, PERSUADE, try kuza.

;z.,

ndukutila,

2.
v.t.,

ineffectually

to,

PERSUADED,

be,

v.,

kwikidisa.

PERSUASIVE, a., -anlebo. PERSUASIVENESS, n., nlebo, 4. PERTINACITY, n., see kinkani, App. PERVADE, T/.Z., see zala, App. PERVERSION (act), n., lubiondomono,
10
;

PITCH, highest or lowest, ., see zengo, 6, App. (slope) of a roof, c., n., nknnka, 4. PITIABLENESS, ., lukendeleko, 10. PLACE, v.t., kuma, sikidika. apart, separate, n., beko, 6. in a separate, vabeko.
before, v.t., tumbika. by the roadside where food
is

of-

lubendomono,

10.

fered for sale,

n., lain., 6.

PLA-POK
PLACE, continued. the end or point
thing),
v.t.,

PLATEAU, long
(some8.

stretch of, n.,

ekombe,

against tutika.

good, n., kiudi, 5 (Bako.). a heavy weight upon, v.t., nieteka.

in full view, v.t., senzeka. in a town where a daily

PLATEN, of a press, n., koni, 6. see sakesa, 6, App. PLAYTHING, PLEASE, if you, do, dodokolo di- (aku,
.,

&c.).

market

is

PLEASURE,

n.,

ekombo,

ewete

held, n.,

eboko,
6.
6.

8.

(generally used in
4.

the plural

level, n.,
.,

nlela-nlela,
leko,

(seat),

fongo,
/?.,

sleeping-,

take,

z/.z.,

^ vinga, App.
handy
position,

mawete), 8. PLENTIFUL, a., -avomo. be, 77.z.,bwembwena, besama, tuta. PLENTY, vomo, 6.
.,

(things) in a

where

PLOD

any one can

v.t.,

easily

get them,

on, v.i., zindalala, dokalala, sia e fululu (6) or sungididi

(6).

bembeka.
v.t.,

together,

fitika.
is

PLODDING,
to
;

patient
(4) azizi.
8.

disposition,

;/.,

where anything or anyone

surely found,
.,

be

ntima
PLOT,
n.,

ezikila, 8

evi-

ekani,
v.,

ka, 8

know where he always

against,

sia e ekani.

is, nzeye dio evika diandi. where highway robbery was committed, fumbi, 6.

against one another, v., kanana. of ground, n., efwe, 8. PLUCK, n., nkabu, 2 unkabu, 12.
;

places, in various (but not

1

all),

adv.,

close

nko
.,

nko.
4.
8.

by ngona.

off

the

stalk,

v.t.,

ko-

PLAIN,

nlela-nlela,

(large fruit),

v.t.,

alluvial,

ebwila,
v.t.,

(small things),

konga. kongona, zonzona,

;

(clear), be, v.i., kia.

zotona.

make,

kiesa.
v.t.,

PLAIT
a

loosely,

laba.

PLUMED tuft, n., yondo, 6 bondo, 6. PLUNGE the head into water, v.t., bo2.

PLANT, aromatic,
cane-like

n.,

ndumbn,
in

teka.

plant used
.

native

PLURAL,
(2).

in the, adv., e

nkundikwa

medicine,
4,

see

nsangalavwa,

App.

PLUSH,
2.

n.,

mbumbulu,
cut

2.

epiphytic growing on the nsafu tree,

n.,

POINT to anything,
(headland),
longo)
(highest),
;

a, v.t.,

sonsona.
2

nkunda-nkunda,
-

farthest, n., nsilu, 4.

n.,

non

fruit

sterility

bearing on account of or sex, n., nlomba, 4.

nkonko,
8.

(So-

ekunkwa,

(planted), n.,

self-sown,

n.,

nkuna, 2, n. ekunda, 8.
transplanting),
n.,

n.,

lusangidika,
at, v.,
;

10.

of importance, arrive

zikula.

a single,

n., zo, 6.

most important point

see

under
8.

(seedlings

for

nkumbi & nkungulu, App.

(item) in a discussion, ., ekono, out specially, v.t., zikinisa.

mpuza, 2, sing. only. PLANTAIN, the last hand on a bunch, n., zangama, 6. PLANTAIN EATER, the blue, n., ntoyo,
2 mundanda, 3. PLANTATION prepared, but
;

(of punctuation), n., ekuminu, 8. POINTED, be, v.i., sonsoka. POISON of a snake, &c., n., manga,
for fish, n.,

4.

not yet
(P.

bumi,

12 (Bako.).
v.t.,

planted,

n.,

nsaya,
.,

2.

POKE

out (protrude),

zonzomoka.
v.,

PLATE

(slab or sheet),

baya, 6

taboa).

with the end of something long, tukika, tutika.

POL-PRE
POLE,
n.,

ezita, 8

see

K.-Eng. App.

POUR,

continued.

north pole, ezita dia note, south pole, ezita dia sud.

out (decant), z/./., longolola. out (of much only), z/./'., vongoka.

POLICEMAN, nkawu, POLLUTE, ?'., safula. POLLUTION, ;/., nsafu, 4 POLYPUS, n., mbadi, 2.
.,

2.

v t., vongola. POVERTY, ;/., umputu,

esafu,
8.

2.

POWER

(physical), n.,

(potential),
(active),

nkuma, mfunka, 4.

4.

POOL

by the fall of a river, ., zanga, 8 (Bako.) zinga, 6 eziya,8.

left
;

mfunka, 2. command, n., olodi(P. ordem), 2. POWERFUL (man or nation), a., -ato

POOR,

a.,

-a

nsukami
see

(pi.

asukami),
under

-amputu.
(commiserating),
also

nkavi. man, nkavi,

.,

2.

PRACTICE
PRAISE,
10
;

of,

make

a, z/.,

tatila.

mbadi, nkenda, podi, App.

PORT,
;/.,

n.,

lusanisu,

esenselo,
(allotted),
.,

8.
//.,

lukembeso, 10

lusanisinu, lusense;

PORTION

kwa,

6.
8.

(birthright),
(integral), n.,

efwafwa, kikwa, 6.

v.t.,

meko, io. sensemeka.

.,

ekau, 8. see also under part. POSITION (definite place or

(share), n.,

(thanks), ntondo, 4. PRAISED, be by all, z/.z., saniswa.

post), #.,

esiku,

8,

POSSESS,
in

7A,

wa
.,

(Bako.).

common,

z/.,

lendana.

PREACH, z/., teleka. & 4. PREACHER, nteleki, PREACHING, nteleko, 4 nteleka, 2. PRECIOUS thing, very, //., lengezia, 6. PRECIPICE (having sides slightly slop.,

.,

POSSESSIONS, lusalu, 10. in slaves, kuta, 6. all one's, ., salangani, pi. 6 langanu, pi. 6. POSSIBLE, be, z/.z'., lendakana.

sa-

lunenge-nenge, lunengananu, io. PRECIPITANCY, nzalala, 4.

ing, n.,

io.

edge, of

.,

PREFACE (to a book), baka, 6. PREGNANCY, to be far advanced

.,

in,

POST

to serve as

a buttress,

n.,

nsi-

z/.,

vumu

(6)

kianunguka.
z/./.,

kulwa,
(position),

2 (Bako.);
.,

mwekwa,3.
4.

esiku, 8. main posts of house, n., nkubilwa,

PREGNANT, be, become, kokama. by, vidikwa kwa.

PREJUDICED,
be,
T/.,

vidika,

POSTPONE,
the day,

z/./.,

vengekela.
e

kuzengela.

POT, ., cooking pot

.,

lambula bungwa, 6.
z/.,

lumbu

(6).

PREMATURE, be, z/./., ke yeboka ko. PREPARE (arrange), z/., kumpa, ludika.
for the reception of a guest,

(large, of

mottled ware),

luwandu, 10. POT-HOLE, wompodia, 6

.,

kubi-

kompon.,

kila o zitu

(12).
z/.,

dia,

6. is

(make) quickly,
very
frail,

POTTERY, which

be-

PREPARED,

be,

z/./.,

vangizieka. lulama.

POUNCE

lengenze, 6. upon, z/./., bwidila (Bako.),

(made) quickly, z/./., vangaziana. PREPOSITION, ., va-ku-mu, 14.

yimba.

POUND

same time tar (of two or more bandana.

at the
77.

in

one morv.t.,

PRESENT, z/./., bemba. kibwanga, 5.

.,

people),

made

for

purpose of insulting,
2.
z/.,

.,

mpadi,
(for

POUR down,
forth, v.t.,

z.,

voloma.

to give such,

sia e

mpadi.
give
a,
z/.

bungula.
z>.z'.,

service rendered),

(gush) forth,

fwamfumuka.

zamba.

P RE-PRO
PRESENTLY,
adv.,

782

oku

se ntu.
v.t.,

kankana. safely through danger, wombesa. PRESS (compress), v., koneka.

danger,
n.,

PRESERVE from

PRICE, continued. at an absurdly low price, adv., o

mfiku

(4).

eniemo,

8.

for printing, n., for squeezing,

kwezi,
.,

6. 6.

buy thus, v., sumba o mfiku. have a thing sold to one thus, tekelwa o mfiku.
PRIDE,
.,

kaminwa,
v.t.,

mvwania,
with,

2.

kuza. under heavy weight, v.t., nieteka.

(urge) ineffectually,

PRESSED thus, be, v.i., nietama. PRESSURE (dynamic or moral),

koni,
6.
;

n., lungumvingumvi, 10. PRIME of life, n., zikuka, 9 eziku,

;

intoxication

n.,

8.

be

in, n.,
v.t.,

zikuka.
6.

of business, nzieta, 4 nziezie, 4. PRESUMPTION (the idea that one can

do anything that he sees another do), .,nyenge-nyenge, 4. PRETENCE of, make, v., sia e ezu (8)
dia.

kweza, kwezeka. n., kwezo, PRINTER, n., nkwezi, i & 4.

PRINT,
(something printed),
n.,

PRISON,

pelezo, 2 (P. prisao or

prezo).

PRIVATE,
v.,

a.,

-abeko.
adv., e
(2),

PRETEND,

kuviinginika, kuvuki(refl.\

in (aside),

kineenga

(5),

ka, kukita

mpenga
PRIVATELY,
;

PRETENDER, n., kuvunina, i. PRETENTIOUSNESS, n., kuvaka, 9 kumvalala, 9. PRETEXT, n., lumpeso, 10. PREVARICATE, v.t., kwenkona. PREVENT, v. t., kutula; he prevented my going, unkutwidi o kwenda yadi kwenda. (by standing in front to stop any
one) from going somewhere, kesela.
v.,

adv.,

kuna beko (6). kuna kinsweki (5),

(6).

kuna beko

PROCLAIM, v.t., teleka. PROCLAMATION, n., nteleko, 4

leka,
2.

nte-

PROCRASTINATE, v.t., sia e lele (6). PROCURABLE, be, v., bongakana ("getable
able
"),

able"),
").

bakakana (" catchsumbakana (" purchasebanga-

(of medicinal herbs only),

PREVENTED, be
(muna).

(by something],

v.i.,

kana.

takama (muna), bambamena

PREVIOUS
to, adv., e nkete preceding the predicate ; previous to sitting down, tie the goat, e nkete

wafonga, okanga e nkombo. PREVIOUSLY, adv., see also ekulu, p.

268.

PRICE agreed upon,

nzengo,
2.

contract price

n.,

kayakana. nlungu-lungu, 4. PROFANE, v.t., zengeneka. a., -anzengenga. PROFANITY, n., nzengenga, 2. PROFESSION (boast), ., lusanu, 10. (trade), n., nkono, 4. PROFESSIONAL man, n., mfuzi, 2. PROFICIENT, be thoroughly, v.i., lu(leaves only),
n.,

PRODIGALITY,

bargain over the price

of, v.,

ta or

mbuluka, kunkuka. PROFIT (advantage), n., luwete,

(in

10.
;/.,

vuna
at

esumbu
v.,

(8),

loaning

or

investments),
only,
2
;

any or a high,
n.,

kula.

mazuka,
(in trade), n.,

8, pi.

buying,

esumbu, 8. name, v>, sia e esumbu.

v.,

ndandu,
a.,

ebunda-

be of a high,
lU
(2).

bangala.

vumu, 8. PROGNATHOUS,
e

-aduka.

raise excessively,

bangidika

nta-

PROHIBITION,

n.,

nkandu,

nka-

ndikilwa,

2.

783

PRO-PUU
be,
v.i.,

PROMINENT. OMINENT,

be, v.i.,

lundalala, tu-

PROTRUDED,
spathe,

from

hole

or
see

ndalala, zundalala. make, v.t., lundidika, &c. PROMISE (of good or bad),

longomoka,

.,

nka-

PROTRUDING,

K.-Eng. App. a., -alundalala.

a.,

nikinu,
mise,
.,

4.

(of the ears),

-apakalala.
(of

PROMISER, one who has made a promasila,

pi. 8.

PROTUBERANT, be
&c.), v.,

forehead,

lips,

bumvalala.
v.i.,

PROMONTORY, n., nkonko, ngo) ekunkwa, 8. PRONOUN, n., nkumbi, 2. PRONOUNCE, v., fokola. PRONUNCIATION, n., mfoko. manner of, mfokola, 2.
;

(Solo-

PROUD &

reserved, be,

fumana,
e

funiina, tintila. PROUDLY, walk or go,

v.,

kwenda

vunia-vunia
2.

(pi. 6).

PROVE

(demonstrate),

v.,

sia e yeleka

(pl. 5)-

PROOF,

n.,

ntonto, 2

ntonta (prov-

PROVIDE

for one's self, v.,

kuvavila

ing), 2.

(refl.}.

circumstantial, n., ntunguluzi, 2. clear & unmistakeable, mona-meso

(6).

(furnish), n.,
to,

vambula. vambwila.
.,

prove to be true, v., ludika. , ROFER, be, s/.z., songa.

(correct), a., -avimpila, -akosi. make, #r of proper length, by cutting off a piece, v., kumpika,

PROVOCATION (active), luseko, 10. PROVOKE, v.t., tutisa e ekudi (8). PROVOKED much, be, v.i., ntima (4, u-) or moyo (3, u-) kangama, kangamwa o ntima or moyo. PRYING disposition, untongolozi,
.,

kumpa.
(right), a.,

12.

PROPERTY,
in

-ansongi. 10. ., lusalu, slaves, n., kuta, 6.

1

PSALM, the book of Psalms,

.,

Sa-

mbu, PUBERTY,
pi.

6.
.,

etuluka,

8.

all one's, n.,

salangani,

sala-

nganu, pi. 6. PROPHESY, v.t., sakula. PROPITIATE a fetish for breaking some restriction, v.t., see fulllla,
App. PROPITIATION (means ka,6.
of), n.,

PUBLIC property, to be used by any one, a., -evwanga. PUBLICITY, mpenza, 2 evwangi, 8 mvenene, 4.
.,
; ;

PUBLICLY, adv., e or ku (&c.) mpenza see also ova etenda, App.

;

lembe-

PROPRIETY
.,

(correctness of manner),
6.
.,

kosi,

(rectitude),

nsongi,

2.

PROSCRIBED, a., j^ -ansi a nkuwu (2) App. PROSPER, v.t., vangama. PROSTITUTE, n., mputa, 2 (P. puta). PROTECT, z/., kankana. PROTECTION of, to assume the, v.,
konkolola.

v.t., sanzanisa. kutidika. v.i., kutalala. PULL down, from a high position (persons only), v.t., kunkula. out (something which has stuck in),

PUBLISH PUCKER,

widely,
v.t.,

v.t.,

sumuna.
into,
v.t.,

PULP,

crush

nianzuna,

niasuna.

PUMP, n., mpola, 2. PUMPKIN, a small variety

dia,
2.

of,

.,

nsu-

PROTECTOR, n., kangi, 6. PROTRUDE, v.t., lundalala, tundalala, zundalala, duka. (of a point), v.i., zonzomoka,
(of the eyes only),

PUPIL,

n.,

of eye,

n.,

nlongoki, i & 4. ngengele, 2 (Bako.).

a.,

PURE

(genuine),

see

under ya,
2.

App.

lanzuka.

PURPLE

(the colour),

.,

mpilu,

PUR-QUI
PURPOSE
nu,
(reason),

784

(determination),

n.,

ekani,
8
;

8.

PUT, continued.
the legs,
together,
v., fila
v.t.,

(raison d'etre), n.,

4-

evangu,
;

mfu;

malu

(pi. 9).

fitika, tota.

., ebandu, 8 bila, 6 eyandu, 8 elonda, 8. for what purpose, e elonda, e eyandu, e ebandu. some great thing given or done for
;

(of many parts), z/./., tudika. in good order, v.t., lumpika.

be,

v.i.,

lumpama.

without any attempt at arrangement or order, z/., fwatika-

a purpose,

n.,

mpongo,

see

K.-Eng. App.

PURPOSELESS
fwila.

(for nothing), a.,

-ango-

fwatika. up with (an inconvenience, &c.), v.t., vukula. upon a man's shoulder (the load he
is

PURSLAIN,
lu.

.,

madia

(pi. 9)

ma

nguv.t.,

to carry),

v.t.,
.,

twikila. wolezia,
6.

PUTRID, something,
(of things
in

PUSH on

motion),

vitumuna.
on well with,
v.t.,

PUZZLED at, be, v., yitakiana, ndakana, finangana.

ki-

to tola.
v.t.,

PUT

aside, to keep,
n.,

velekela.
6.

something,

velekela,

aside, out of the

(of

something which one has), v.t., vengeka. something which comes in one's way or is apart from one), v.t.,
(of

way

QUAKE,

v.,

dedema.
n.,

vengomona.
back again
v.t.,

an earthquake, ntoto (4).

.,

ludedemo lua

(the earth into a hole),

langa.

be,

v.t.,

langama.

down

(of

many

things only),

z/./.,

ludedemo, 10. QUAKING, QUALIFY (gram.\ v., yikula. QUANTITY, a great, n., ebidi, 8 bidi, 6 vomo, 6 see ndibwa, 2,
; ; ;

vindakesa.
(of something great).z/.,bubidika.

App.

QUARRELSOMENESS
ya,
T2.

(great), n.,

uwu2 (P.

further apart, in a position,

in a in

z/./.,

tavula.

v.,

sikidika.
z/.,

QUEEN
v.t.,

(in

cards),

.,

mputa,

handy
nzeka.

position,

bembeka.
se-

puta, harlot).

a prominent position,
fire), v.,

into (the

off the day, v.,

(6).

fumpa. lambula

QUESTION, beyond all, see also laya, App. QUICK in making or preparing, be, v.,

lumbu

vangamiana

(ye)

be

quick

on the

top, v.,

bandika.

with your work, ye salu kiaku.

vangamiana

out (extinguish), v., patika. out strength or energy, v., sia e

temper,

ntima
;

(4)

a kimfi kia nso(nso-

mvi
QUICKLY,

see

K.-Eng. App.

mfunka
only),

(2).

mvi).
adv., e

with violence (of living creatures

v.t.,

ntinu yo nswalu,
(ye),

lulumuna, lundu-

muna.
plenty,
v.t.,

kipalu. do or prepare,
do, go, &c.,

tudidika.

v., vangizieka wala, wala-wala.

in plenty, be, v.t., tulalala. have plenty put down to or

v.,

vika (aux.
;

v).

see

on
go

soon, Eng.-K.
out, v.,
v.t.,

also vika,

App.

(of

some

one, tulalala ye. part of body),

vayizieka.

z/./.,

fila.

work,

salamiana.

785

OUI-RKA
continued.
(in

continual.
to

RANGE,

do a thing quickly is also expressed by a reduplication of

the
verb.

long range

guns),

a.,

-antunta,

-antwala.

Cut
!

it

quickly

zenga-zenga kio

RANK, //., esiku, 8. RAP (knock),'?/., tota.

RARE, a., -ampava. RARELY, adv., tutu
ngani.
(6)

IKKNKSS
zadi,

(in
6.
(still),

acquirement), zadi?'./.,

kiatunda;

tncKLY,
down,
7'./.,

UIET, be

kindama, ngama, dingama.

lembelela. lembalala.
7'./.,

ni-

RASCAL,

n.,

baza, 6

tuzu, 6

te-

ma,

6.

unscrupulous,

RASCALITY,

//.,

ntwanga, 2. untwanga, 12.

.,

RASHLY,
do,
z/.,

adv., e nswalala. swatakesa.

n.,

RASHNESS,

nswatakani,
2.

nswa-

takesa,

RACK

(breed).

;/.,

kuna,

12.

RAT
n.
;

hunting,

//.,

esaku,

8.

(descendants of one parent stock),

;/.,

RATHER,

nzimbakani,
race,

2,

the

adv., vezi. (instead), see also

kaka & mpasi,

whole human, ni a wuntn.

nzimbaka;

App.
than, adv., ke mu...ko. RAVAGE, v., fwantakesa. RAVINE, ;/., mvonzi, 4. RAW, without previously cooking, e use (2), e mbisu (2).
condition, yisu, 6
;

RAGE,

nkenene, pi. 2 nlula, 4 ntema, 2 efuluta, 8.

//.,

kiezi,
;

in a, adv.,

o nlula.

adv.,

RAGS,

rags nlanzi.
for slaves,

in

&

tatters,

-anlanzi-

nse,

2.

RAID

v.t.,

bunda.
2.

RAIDER, ., mfunia, RAILROAD, >/.,nzila

RAIN,
fine,
pi. 7
.,

READ & write, know how masona (pi. 8).

(12).

to, v.,

via

(2)

a tadi

over or from a

list, ?'./.,

tangumuna.
;

mamwanga-mwanga,
;

READINESS,
,

//.,

lululamu, 10
.,

luku2.

(Bako.)
pi.

manyanga-nya;

bamu,
to

10.

nga,

7 (Bako.)

mfwefo, 4

do a kind
be,

action,

ngemba,

(Bako.).
to be constantly threatening to rain
i

READY,
\

v.i.,

lulama.

(willing), be, 7/..vevola o

ntima

(4).

again clearing up a little, v.z. [ezulu (8, di-) or kuma (9, ku-)]

&

ready

to,

be, v.,

vevolwela o nti-

yinda.
very heavy,
.,

mvumbi,

4.

RAINING, cease, ?/./., kauka. RAISE a price excessively, v., bangidika e ntalu (2).

he was ready to go for me, wavevolwela o kungendela o ntima. willingness, //., mvevo (4) a ntima

ma;

(4).

REAR

(bring up),

v.,

tongonona, ku-

bakula or zangula or siamisa e ndinga (2). up upon some support, v., kundiv.,

the voice,

bulula.

REASON,

n.,

bila, 6
8
;

eyandu,
;

eba-

kila.

RAM

(things into something),

v.t..

ko-

mangesa.
tightly, v., diatidila.

elonda, 8 ebungu, 8. for this,e bila kiaki, eyandu diadi, elonda diadi, e bila ye ebandu. for what, wa eyandu, &c.

ndu,

&
sunsa,
2
;

explanation,

;/.,

mpitu
2.

(2)

ye

RANGE

(of a throw),

//.,

6.

nsengo
2

(4).
;/.,

of a weapon, ntunta,

ntwala,

for

coming,

ngizilu,

REA-REL
-REASON, continued. forgoing, ngyendelo,
for what,

786

REFERENCE
2.

to, in, see

-ina
5

omu, App.
(Bako.)
;

wa

edi.
is

REFLECTION, //., kita, nkangazi, 4.

the real reason

that,

ina

ntangwa

it

kina or kinana vo. cannot have happened without

;

REFRESHED in body, be, v., nitu (2 i-) sakumuka; moyo (3, u-) vutula.
after thirst,
in

some reason see diambu, App. REASONING, the power of, nyindu,
.,

nitu
(3,

(2, i-)

vola.

mind,

moyo

u-)

4*

REBEL

against,
v.t.,

v.t.,

telama.

REFUSE, v., vakula o REGRETFULLY, adv.,

sakumuka. nkalu (4). kuna nkenda

;

RKBUKK,

yika, sungula.
badila.
doctor, v.,
(5).

(witIt (ippl.forni).

(strongly), RECEIVE instruction as a

v.t.,

REGULAR,

a.,

kibeni

the

regular

route, e nzila kibeni.

tambula
RECKLESSNESS,
takesa,
2

kinganga

REGULATIONS,

.,

mina,

pi. 3. full

respectfully, see

under koko, App.

REHEARSE

a matter with

detail

thoughtless,
;

nswanswatakani, 2.
n.,

RECKON,
RECLAIM,

v.t.,

dikula.

from the beginning to the end, kumbulula, tapututa. RELATIONS, to have the most intimate, see yambana, App. RELATIONSHIP, n., see also tinder ndia (4) mosi, & wutukiana.

v.t.,

vukulula.

RECOLLECTION,
very distinct,

a, n.,

lubanzu,
5.

10.

;;.,

kienze,

RECOMMEND
RECOMPENSE,
ndo,
4.

(counsel),
;/.,

v.t., kubikila. nsevutudi, 6

;

yo, App. RELATIVE, n., yutu, 6. by marriage, n., nkwezi,

one's 9\vn,
ndi). RELAX one's
;/.,

2.

kiandi,

(pi.

akiao

RECONCILE, v.t., bakanisa. RECONCILED, be, v.i., bakana. RECONCILIATION, ;/., lubakanisu, 10 (act.} lubakanu, 10 (pass'}.
;

severity, v.i.,

buwa

ntima (4). RELAXATION, take, v., volesa o ntima (if mental) or e to (6) or
e nitu (2)
(if

RECOVER
7'.,

(from a

fit

of drunkenness),

physical),
(2,
i-)

vungumuna
(pi. 8).
v.i.,

o nzieta

(4)

have

some,
///.

v.,

malavu
(get well),

to cool

nitu down.

vola,

vuka

(Bako.), vatu-

RELEASE

muka.
(revive), v.i.,

RELIABLE,

(abandon), v.t., tengola. a., afika ye kamba, -azi-

vatunmka.
v.i.,

ku, -akwikizi, -avuvu.

person,
;
I

RED, be or

turn,

biluluka.

//.,

nkwa

(i)

ziku.
;

REDEMPTION

(active], n.,

lukulu, 10

2 nkulwa, 2 nkuka, 2 kulwa, 9. REDNESS, brilliant, n., lo, pi. 6. RKED, small round, n., nsaku-saku,
;

nkula, 2. (passive], nkulu,

;

RELIABILITY, ;/., ziku, 6 kwikizi, RELIGION, n., kwikizi, 6. 10. (faith), lukwikilu, (religious principle), unkwikizi,

12.

12.

RELINQUISHMENT,
10
;

>/.,

luyambulu,
10.

luvunzanisu,

&

1 1

ndebela,

&

1 1

nsie-

sie, 2

&

n.

weaver's (the stick which takes the place of this in native looms),

RELUCTANCE, n., kiongomena, 5. RELUCTANT, be, v., kala ye or sia e kiongomena (5).
to
;

move,

c.,

be, v.i.,
v.,

sindama.
(6)

mbota, 2. REFER to, item by

//.,

RELY

(upon),

sia e fika

ye
e

item,

v.t,,

tangu-

kamba
vuvu

(6)

(muna)

bunda

rmma.

(6).

787

RKM-RET
i:.

KM A IN long
7'.,

(at

a place also

last),

RESEM r.i.ANi
exact,
//.,

continued.
6.
8.

zingila.
di-

nonga-nonga,
;/.,

kindama, ningama, ngama. (stay for while), v.i., wunda. :i MAIXDKR, //., nsadidila, 2.
still,
7'.,
Li.

RESERVE

(proud),
a,
?'.,

etinti,

maintain

tintila,

funiana,

fumina.
;/.,

MARK

(upon something
2
;

said),

ndandu, make such a,

see reply,

App.
10.
v.i.,

v.,

landa.
.,

RESIDE (for a time), ?'., wunda. RES C,N, 7'./., yekola. RESIGNATION (of mind), /?., nkululu (4) or nlekoko (4; a moyo (3).
i

RIM ARKS, scornful, lutiangu, REMEMBER (recall to mind), bambukwa o moyo (3).
(recognise),

RESIN, a very inflammable, //., elengo, 8. RESIST (an attack, &c.), v./., kakidila.
]\KS( )i,u'i'ELY, to hold out, v.i., bamba. RESOLUTION (intention), ;/., ekani, 8. to make a very strong, ?'., sia e ekami (8). RESPECT of persons, ;/., mandangi,

v.t., tona, tonena. (something forgotten), v.t., bakula. cause to, v., bakulwisa. REMIND, ?'./., bambula o moyo (3). RKMNANT (few or a little remaining),

n.,

nsodiodio,
;/.,

2.

pl.710.
v.t.,

REMORSE,

lubanzu,

RESPECTED,
ta(exalted), lala.

be,
v.i.,

v.i.,

zita.

REMOVE

soft,

sticky stuff,

kundalala, tundaa.,

mpula.

RENEWED, be, va (12).

v.i.,

nungunukina
v.t.,

RESPECTFUL
see

(courteous),
to

-afuka.
receive,

RESPECTFULLY,
sompeka.

hand or

KENT

(let

out on hire),

(hire), v.t.,

sompa.
v.t.,

REPEAT
(e

(an instruction),

kunka

under koko, App. RESPONSIBLE for, be or undertake to be, v., lama,

diambu,

7).

make,
v.,

for,

sia e

kiyekwa

(5)

kia;

over

&

over again,

landulula.

sia e

mbebe.
.,

REPENT, v.i., vilukwa o ntima (4). REPETITION, n., nkumbuluka, 2. he could REPLY, ;/., ndandu, 2 make no reply to what I said to him, kavwidi dio ndandu ko edi imvovese.
;

RESPONSIBILITY,
(charge),

n., mbebe, kiyekwa, 5.

2.

habit of throwing responsibility up-

on
REST,

others,

mavenga,
vo
i

pi. 8.

for the (finally), RESTING-PLACE for

maka.
;/.,

travellers,

in antiphonal song, v.t.,

n.,

yakulula.

eboko, .8.

leave no

zengeneka, yengeneka, tungika.

v.t.,

nyaku, 4. room for,

to,
7'./.,

REPORT

samwina.
#.,

mpiaviana (2) a ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2. RESTORED to health & vigour, be, ?'./"., sakumuka.
RESTLESSNESS,
.,

(reputation), evil,
10.

lutunibuku,
10.
.,

RESTRAIN,

v.t.,

kindika,

ningika,

dingika.

good, ;/., iusanisinu, a man of good,

RESURRECTION

nkwa
.,

(i)

(passive], lufutumuki, 10 (Bako.) lufuluku, 10.

;

ezina

(8)

diambote.

RETAIL

(dry measure goods), adv., e

(2).

nkutu(copy), bandu, 2. REPUDIATE, ?/./., vakula o nkalu (4). REQUIRE, ?/., zolesela. RESCUED, be, v.i., vuka (Bako.). RESEMBLANCE, fwani-fwani, 6.
.,

REPRODUCTION

nzongela
sell, v.,

zongela.

(liquids), adv., e
sell, v.,

mbukwila
(2).

(2).

bukwila.

(flesh), adv., e
sell, v.,

mbakila

bakila.

RET-ROL
RETAIL, continued. by linear or superficial measurement, adv., e ntendela (2).
sell, v.,

738

RIGHT, continued.
all right,
it

adv., e vie

(pi. 6). (pi. 8).

will

be or is, kia matondo

right, v.,

tendela.
possession ("stick to"),
ezita,
8.
a.,

be in the
(correct,

nunga
a.,

(Bako.).

RETAIN

in

proper),

-ansongi,

v.t.,

tatidila.
.,

RETAINING fee, RETREATING (of

-akofoka.

the

forehead),
6.

-akosi, -avimpila. hand side of anything, ;/., nene, 12 ; to the right hand side of, kima

lunene lua, kuna nene wa.

a.,

RETURN,
v.i.,

a,

//.,

vutudi,

-alunene, -anene.

kala (Bako.). go and return quickly,

nkuluki.

v.i.,

laka.

RETURNING some
the

other day, adv., e

on the, adv., kuna lunene. and proper, to do what is, v., tomesa. a right to, n., nsongi, 2 (with the
verb in the applied forni) you have no right to enter my house,
;

same day, e mputllki. REVEAL, v.t., sengomona, selola. REVELATION, n. (act.), lusengonumo,
10.

kuna ya nsongi a kotela muna nzo ame ko.

RIGHTEOUSNESS
(in actions),
;;.,

nso-

(pass.),

lusengomoko,
adv.,

10.

ngi,
10.

2.
1

REVENGEFUL
REVERSED,

feelings, n.,

lutima,

the principle
(legal),
i

lunima-nima.

of, unsongi, ndungidi, 2.

2.

good and bad are the opposites of each other, yo wete yo bi lunima-nima. REVIVE (restore to vigour and life),
v.t.,

RIGID, a., -antintibidi. RIGIDITY, ., ntintibidi, 4. RING (as a bell), v., kuba.
(circle),
.,

zongolo,6 nkongolozi, 2.
;

sakumuna.
v.i.,

(recover),

vuka

(Bako.), vatu| 1

muka.
(some old question),
ziotola
betters.
;

v.,

yangumuna,

not used of or to one's

rapid,
v.i.,

ndambi, 2. ornamental, metal, ngondo, 2. RIPE, be, v., yeboka, kola. RISE (as leavened dough), v.i., funa. from (a seat), v., telama vana.
(finger,
c.),
.,

REVOLUTION, be in mu zuwana.

kala

(of the stars), v., deka. to the surface, v., tongomoka, tu-

mbuluka.
zuwana.
v.i.,

REVOLVE
(in

rapidly,

v.i.,

(of the tide),?/./., zala.

a perpendicular position),

RISK,

v.,

kaya.
.,

nimba.
(in opposite directions as wheels in

contact,
v.i.,

endless

bands, &c.),

volozioka.
.,

mvulela, 4. ROAD, a broad, to make a mark on the ground to show the road taken (to help stragglers), v., tenda e nzila (2).
point where
2

REWARD,
v.,

nsendo,

4.

roads
6.

branch,

n.,

senda.

bunda-mpambu,
vutudi,
6.

(return), n.,

ROAM

(prowl),

?/.,

lasa, verna.
8.

RIBS, skeleton of the (complete

position), n.,

&

(wander), vuvuta, bembela.

volongonzo, 6
10. 12.

ROAR,

n.,

ekumbu,

RICHES,

n.,

lusalu,

(as the fire

or blast furnace),

v.i.,

(richness), n.,

umvwama,

RIDICULE (laugh at), v.t., kiekielela. RIDICULOUS, become, be, v.i., tumpalala.
1

yidima. ROAST, v.t., babula. ROCK (not detached rocks),

nzele,
4.

;/.,

nse-

RIGHT,

be,

v.i.,

songa.

ROLL,

any parcel or packet

done

ROL-RUS
>LL, continued.

up in shape as a roll, n., mungonga, 5>F, ;/., mwanzu, 3 (Mboma). LOOT (origin, base), n. see ezuku, 8, App. up or out (by handfuls), v., yaba.
;

RUDELY, to RUDENESS,

enter, v.,
see
//.,

kuniunga
6,

(refl.\

tununu,
ezuku,

App.
&c.),
.,

RUDIMEN

8.

RULE, general (grammar,'

nkiku,
4.

(regulations),

mina,
i

pi. 3.

with a firm hand,

v.t.,

boselela.

ROI-E,

;/.,

mfumvu,

2.

RULER,
v.,

;/.,

nyazi,

&

4.

ROT and swarm

komoka. ROTATION (turn),

with maggots,
tete,
//.,

(one in authority),

;/.,

mungwizi,

3.

RUMMAGE
;;.,

(search),

v.t.,

satulula,

6.

sandulula.

KOI TEN, something,

n.,

wolezia, 6. thing that goes to pieces at a touch,

12.

RUN,
at

v.,

kwaka, toteka.
utmost
speed,
v.,

one's

vani-

etampala, 8. ROTTENNESS, ;/., uwolezia, ROTTIXG, a., -anwodi.

ngina. away, v.t., kungumuka.

(escape secretly),
?/./.,

bubumuka.

ROUND (around), adv., e kinzieta, muna nzinguluka (2). about, prep., muna nzinguluka a.
about,
be,
v.,

down
(of

(of liquids),

v.i.,

voloma.

something great), v.i., dikita. (tack, in sewing), v.t., sumpa.

fast, v.,

viongoloka, viota-

very

kwakidila.
adv.,
e

kana.
zongolo, 6. make a, v., ziongola. the trunk (of a true), ku
hole,
;/.,

RUNNING

(quickly),

lunda-

vumu

(6)

measure round the trunk, teza

ROUSE,
up,
(stir

ku vumu. v.t., katumuna (Bako.). v.i., katumuka (Bako.).

up as
dust,

lunda(6). power, n., nlaka (4) a ntinu they raced together, i.e., tried their running powers, batezanini nlaka a ntinu.
;

RUSE,

.,

mana,

RUSH,
v.,

v.t.,

pi. 7 lumpeso, lundangana.

;

10.

passion,

c.),

about (be very active),

v.,

tumpa-

yangumuna. with a start, v.t., dikumuna. v.i., dikumuka.

ROUT, v.t., tufakesa. ROUTE, n., mwalu, 3.

tumpa.
in all directions, v.,

along,

v.i.,

tumpa. zikumuka.
z/./.,

rush and bluster (as the wind),

ROUTED
Row,
to
n.,

utterly, be, v.i.,

tufakana.
4.

pekomoka, vekomoka. start up and rush at, v.t., vulumukina.

v.,

mbangu,

nlolo,

take one's place in a row, yika o mbangu.

all in

put

a row, adv., e kia-kia. all in a row, v., kialumuna,

kiatumuna. ROWDY, n., wuya, 6.

ngungula-ngungula, 2. wind or rain, v.t., vikuka. RUSTLE (as the jungle when a man or large animal forces his way
(flow),
;/.,

violently, of

through

it), v.,

fofota.
v.i.,

RUB

a part of the body (as

itches),
77.,

when

it

(as leaves in the wind),

puku-

finta.

hard on

(grind), v.t.,
(foolish

fwenka.
;/.,

RUBBISH
nti,
talk, v.,

talk),

mambu

ma mazengele
2.

ngonde, mfwa-

tiswa, pukuta. and sway about as the branches of a tree (when animals are moving about in them), v.i., vwa-

mvwana.
see

folokosa.
v.t.,

RUDE,

be,

tununuka, App.

SAD-SCO

79o)

SARDONYX,
SATAN,

.,

sardonis,

2.

n. (the adversary),

Mbeni,

2,

s.
SAD, be or look, tama.
v.i.,

Satan.

SATISFACTION
kafalala, koof, n.,

after a

good meal, sense

2.

nzengele,
v.t.,

make,
be

v.t.,

kafidika, koteka.
futalala.
I

SATISFIED, be, sanana.

sunanana, da-

(distressing), very, rt.,-alukendalalu.

(dull, pensive), v.i.,
v.t.,

SATISFY, v.t., suninika, dasidika. SATYRIASIS, //., lonzo, 10.

make,

futidika.
adv., e nkiti-nkiti

SAFE and sound,

be,
a.,
v.i.,

nsangu-nsangu.

vuka

(Bako.),

vodoka.

SAVAGE, a., -ayezi (pi. 5). SAVIOUR, kangi, 6. SAWDUST, ;/., vesona ya nti, pi. 6. SAY, v., ta (Bako.), totola (a woman's
.,

afika ye kamba, SAFETY (from danger),

10.

word)
n.,

ziotola, not used of or

luvuvamu,

to one's betters.

says, said (he, &c.),

;/.,

i...wau

for,

(security),

fika

(6)

ye

kamba

(6).

said

Nlemvo,
;

will

come, okala

SAG, ?'., fumbalala. cause to, make, fumbidika. SAID, it is, see wa ele nkutu.

nkwiza
v.t.,

vo kadi, i Nlemvo wau, kwiza said he, i yandi wau.

to say for one's
self,

have nothing

SAIL

(start), v.i.,

nengoka.

SAILOR, n., mumpambala, 3. SALT, be (of salt), v.i., j^ tua, App. without, rt., -atompodia. emiaSALUTATION, ;*., ekaya, 8 ngana, 8 (of women). SALUTE with a blessing, v.t., sambula.
;

tungama, yenganana, nganana.

into (one's) ear, v., longesela

ze-

muna

kutu

(9).

over and over again, ?'./., ziotolola, not used of or to ones betters.
that
is

to say,

sia vo,

sia o

zaya

SALVATION
SAME,
see

(act),

n.,

luvukusu, 10

vo.

(Bako.).

not to say that,

under -inosi

&

okumosi,

to,

v.t.,

vovesa,
;

ke sia ko vo. samwina,

;

zi-

also a-, App.

(of things compared), diau adimosi. time, at the, adv., Oku mpe.

while. ..at the

same

time, wan...

ngwila. SCAMP, ., baza, 6 tuzu, 6 t6ma, 6. SCARCE, a., -ampava. SCARCELY... to, v.t., see under lendakesa, App.

oku mpe.
In the

just

same way, just the same, okumosi, e de (6). the same with (ya, ye or)

adv.,

SCARECROW,
SCATTER,
nisa.

.,

sisa, 6.

in all directions, v.t.,

tenda-

yo...

Una nkutu
under una.

see

K.-Eng. App.

of shot, -v.i., "baza.

SCATTERED
;

SAMPLE, ;/., pwa-meso, 6. SAND, n., kinyengese, 5 (Bako.)

nyenge,
5

mwangu
kifar

condition, in a, adv., o (4), o mwangani (4).

in great

and wide
v.,

numbers, be,

(Bako.).
.,

sanzana.

SAND-MARTIN, volo, 6. SANDSTONE, n., etadi (8) dia esenge. SAPPHIRE, n., safire, 2. SARCASTIC manner, .,nsendomona, 2. to speak in a, v., vova e nsendomona (2), sendomona. SARD, ;/., sardi, 2.

in all directions, be. v.i.,

tendana.

SCENT

(hunting term),

n.,

kiundu,

5.

(natural to

SCHISM, n., SCOLD, v.t.,

human beings), mvuku, mpambula, 2.

2.

boma

(Bako.), baza,
v.,

(speak angrily, loudly),

see also

badila

vovesa, App.

791

s<

o SEI
6.
//.,

SCOLDING,
.,

10. //., lubalumukinu, SCOPE to, give, ?'., sila e nzila (2). lutunu, 10 (Bako.). SCORN, 7-.A, tuna (Bako.), vweza (Bako.),

bubidi, //., mfundu, 2 SECRET (something kept secret), mfundu, 2.

SECRECY,

rt.,

yeza. SCORNFUL remarks,

//.,

ntiangu,

2.

-akinswekaiucna, -akinsweki, -ambumba. keep (a matter), ?'./., volokela (c

-amfundu,

SCOUNDREL, ;/., sec rascal. SCOURGE, v.t., zwabula, vizula. Scou T, v.t., senga, laya.
//.,

diambu, 7). SECRETLY, adv., ku mfundu

bubidi
SECT,
(6),

12

ku
';),

ku kins we ki
(6).

nsengi,

2.

kuna beko
e

ScRAPE,7'./.,kwempa(Kib. = vempa). off (something which has adhered), v.t., kona. SCRATCH, v.t., kuluta.
with

SCOWL, with

a, adv.,

koyo

(pi. 6).

vaudi, 6. SECTION (of anything

>/.,

built t>r

made

kikwa, 5. SECURE, be, stand, v.t., kindama. be very, ?'./., silama, kuzama.
;/.,

in sections),

claws or nails,
nzala).

kwatika
(Bako.).

(e

make, <v.t., sidika, kuzika, siamisa, siamikina, siamitma, kindika.

(the surface),

kwanza
6.

(mark),

n.,

kwalati,

SECURELY,
;

SCREEN, n., ngumbu, 2 kubu, 6 nkakidiswa, 2. from, 7/./., kika (o meso, pi. 7). SCREAM, v.i., yabala, yayakiana,

(2)

adv., e ngi (2) e tele (pi. 6).

into court
is
2.

ngwi
\\

SECURITY, paid
decision

before

given,

//.,

ntela,

nkiedi,
(sureness),
(6).

SCRUPULOUSLY

to

avoid

anything

//.,

fika

(6)

ye

kamba

dirty, v., tintila.

SCRUTINIZE, v.t., ziongola. SCULPTOR, ;/., nsemi, i & 4.

SEDATE,

be,

v.i.,

fumina, fumana.
//.,

SEDIMENT
(muddy),

(of wine, &c.),

n.,

ebo,

15.

SCUM, ebo, SCURRILOUS,

.,

8.
.,

mvunzu,

2.

see

-esutu

& -a usutu.

SEA,

.,

muwu,
far

(pi.

miuwu).
in all directions,

SEARCH,
(for

and wide

SEDUCE, v.t., biondomona, bendomona, biangumuna. away a man's wife as a set off
v., pela under pela, A pp. SEDUCTION, ;/., lubiondomono, 10

v.i.,

veyana.
?'./.,

against a debt he owes,

a road or track),

tota.

see

(overhaul, examine), bo) sata.

v.,

sanda (Zom-

lubiangumunu,

10.

(rummage),
lula.

v.t.,

satulula, sandu-

SEE

(find), v.t.,

ziongola.
e

plainly, v.,
a,
;/.,

mona

mpenza

(2).

EARCHING,
EASON,
;/.,

see

mpava, 2. SUngi, 6, A pp.

;/.,

SEED, n., mbongo, 2 (sing. only). husk unbroken but empty through
2.

(for certain things),

mbingu,
5

atrophy,

;/.,

ebefele,

8.
//.,

early rainy,
time).
for

//.,

kianzu,
close,

(sowing-

SEEDLINGS
SEEING,

(for

transplanting),

mpuza,
//.,

2 (sing. only}.

game, &c., a
10.

lukandu,

hot,

nsungi

(2)
.,

a kala

(6).
4.

unhealthy,
(of

nlanda,

a condiment), v.t., tua muna. ., fongo, 6. SECOND, ., sekonde, 2. (a proposal), v., yikesa.

SEAT,

that, conj., wau kina vo, wau kinana vo. SEEK, v.t., sanda (Zombo), sata. SEGMENT, of anything made up of segments, n., kikwa, 6. SEIZE, v.t., yimba. by force, with violence, v.t., bumba. upon, v.t., bwidila (Bako.).

SEL-SHA
SELDOM,
adv.,

792

tutu

(6)

kiatunda-

ngani.

SET, continued. in a position,

be,
v.t.,

v.t.,

sikidika.

SELECT, v.t., dimbuna, ta. SELF-CONTROL, n., volo, 6.

cause, help to exercise,
exercise, vololoka.
v.,

sikalala.

up,

v.t.,

sikidika.
sikalala, dongalala.
v.,

vololola.

be,

v.i.,

SETTLE
pi. 5.

(fix),

konkota, kuma,

si-

lack

of,

;/.,

yingalu,
a.,

kana.
(a matter), v., lekola.

SELF-SOWN,
nena.

-amakunda, -akimbe-

SETTLED, be
v.i.,

well (long established^

SELFISHNESS, n., mvula, 4SELL, at a low (price), v.t., bufa. SELVEDGE, #., bayi (2) a kindele. SENATOR, ., j<?<? nkuluntu (2), App.

koba.
-esika-sika.

(fixed), a.,

SEVERE, be, towards, v., ziatalala. become very (of a disease), ?'./.,
[e

SEND

after 0r behind, ?/., landesa. alone (of a person), v.t., tuma. in charge of some one, i>.t., twika.
v.,

kimbevo
;

(5

ki-)]
10.

koleka.

(Bako.)

kukolela, kuluka.

a messenger,

sia e

ntumwa

(2).

up very

(things), v., fidisa. far away, v.t.,

SEVERITY, n., luziatalalu, SEX, female, n., kento, 6. male, kiyakala, 5.

pemona, pu(2),
12.
2.

SEXUAL

intercourse

together,

have>
is

muna.
SENIOR, n., SENIORITY,
j<?<?

nkuluntu
kuluntu,

App.

vukana. SHACKLE (by which a prisoner

v.i.,

fas-

.,

tened to his keeper),

diela,
7.

.,

kimpaki5

SENSE (meaning), n., nsosa, (wits), n., mamoni, pi. 8

;

nga-nkanu, 5. SHADE, n., kimpozi,

(Bako.),

SENSELESS, a., -azengi, -a uvoso. SENSELESSNESS, n., uzengi, 12 uvo;

mpewa,
(Bako.).

(Bako.),

kita,

so, 12.

SENTENCE,
give,
?'.,

.,

nlolo,

4.
2.

make a (as a spreading tree), v.i.) vwandangana, vwandangiana.

(of a judge), n.,

nzengo,

sia e nzengo.

SHADOW,
SHAGGY,
muna).

n., see

shade, App.

SEPARATE,
be,
put,
v.t.,

a.,

-akikaka.

(from), adv., e

vaudi

(6,

SHAKE

be, v.i., sapalala. (tremble), v., titila.

v.,

vauka (muna).
v.t.,

(with fear or cold),

to

(6,

ki-)

or

make,

vaula (muna).
kikaka.

position, in a, adv., e

ntima (4, u-) kitima. down closely (of a basket

&c.), v. t-, bandila.

of grain,

SEPARATED

portion, n., vaudi, 6. SEPARATELY, adv., vabeko, e kikaka.

SHAKING,
lela,

;/.,

ezakamu,

ntembe-

each, e kikaka-kikaka, -mosi-mosi

2.

(kimosi-kimosi, &c.).

SHAME,

n.,

SEPARATION, n., mpambula, 2. SERVANT, ntaudi, 2 lezi, 6. SET (before others), v-.t., tumbika.
.,
;

with, adv.,

lunsoni-nsoni, 10. kuna lunsoni-nsoni.

(disgrace), n.,

luvungu,
8. 2.

10.

SHAMEFULLY
SHANK,
SHAPE,
.,

treat, v.t.,

tiakidila.

be, v. mid.,
(construct),

tumbama.
v.t.,

ekolo,

tudika.

;/.,

mpwa,

firmly, v.t., sidika.

SHARE

(allotted), n.,

kwa,

6.
v.t.,

be,

v.t.,

silama.

(impart) out with another,

ka-

(food) before, v.t., tumbikila. one's heart upon, see desire, p. 55. in order (arrange), v., kumpika,

wulula.

SHARP,

kumpa, lumpika, ludika.

;/., ekau, -ameno. make, v.t., twisa

(portion),
a.,

8.

see tua,

App.

793

SHA-SIL.
continued.
to

SHATTERED
inoka.

to atoms, be,

v.,

weso-

SHREDS,

torn

shreds,

kibakilu

SHAVE

the head entirely (not the whiskers or beard), tenda o luva2

bela-bela.

nda (ic). Sn KI>, //., nsampa,

saba,
forth,
?'./.,

SHRINE SHRINK

(heathen),

;/.,

vela,' 6.

from,
(2).

?'.,

susa,
be,

mona

nsu-

(Bako.); sudi, 6

sidi

6.

SHRUNKEN

in,

?'./.,

kompoka,
(4,

bungula. SHI. !,!, //., kianga, 5. SIIKI.TER (of boughs or grass), ;/ lembeka, 6. (screen), ;/., nkakidiswa, 2. SHERIFF, one whose duty it is to demand the execution of a mur,

kofoka, vompoka, wotoka. SHUDDER, v., to (6, ki-) or ntima

n-) kitima,
(2), titila.

kankamwa

nitu

n.,
i

ewawa,
in

8.
?'.,

SHUT

or up by, be,
;

bambamena.
;/.,

SHUTTLE-STICK, weaver's,
2

HdoDga,
//.,

derer,

;/.,

mbamba,
of

mpu-

mundngo,

(Zombo).
!),

nga,

2.

SHYNESS on
out

the part of children,

(refractoriness
12.

SHIFT

way, ?/./., vengomona (something en(somecountered), vengeka thing which one has).
aside,

the

umbiu
,

SICK of (a thing), be, v.t\, tukumukwa. SIDE, on every, adv., anizie, anazie.
SIFT,
the other, ;z., mpiluka, v./., tika.
2.

T'./.,

vengama, vengomoka.

SHIN, ;/., ekolo, 8. SHINE, as a spark or as a small point of light, 7'., deka.
[be bright, of the daylight (kuma)],
7/.,

SIGH, as the wind

of trees,

among the branches

pukuta.

7/./.,
//.,

SIGHT

(seeing),

mbweno,

2.

tendoka.

catch sight
(pi. 6).

of, 7/./.,

mona

e kelezi
e kelezi,

brightly, 7'./., yedima, semenena. forth (after dulness), ?/., teka.

(glitter),
?'./.,

be caught,
a great,
;;.,

7/.z.,

moneka
;

niania.
splendour,

mona-meso, 6 kimona5.

SHINING with
lezi.

a, elezi-

meso,
in sight of

each other, adv., o

(pi. 7).

ma-

SHIVER,

?/.,

titila.
v.,

mbonani
e

SHOOT

(spring up),
a,
7'.,

send up

wuta

vasumuka. nsanga (2).

cassava

SHORT, cut
only,

in short pieces, of
.,

(spectacle), see nkungi, App. SIGNS (by which dumb persons make themselves understood), mfu-

-awele-wele.

make

short

work of

(a thing),

v.?'.,

ndu, 2. SILENCE, v.t., butika o nua

a dead,
.,

(4).

fudila muna kufi (12). nkwa (i) sunsa SHOT, a good, .,

(6)
;

malangula
see

(pi. 9).

SHOULD
SHOUT,
;/.,

(if),

under kana vo kala,

eyidingingi, 8. put to (leave without a reply), ?/./., tungika, mongeneka. SILENT, be perfectly, v.i., dikalala.
be,
v.t\,

App.
7/./.,

tungama, monganana.

loka.

boko,

6.

observe a sullen, funakana. be (stop talking, &c.), v.i., kindama,

at derisively, v.t.,

kumbulwila.

SHOW

ningama.
make, v.f., kindika, ningika. remain (unable or unwilling to speak
or reply),

how,

make
up,

songesela. a good show, have plenty to

7'.,

show
v.t.,

for

it, i>.t.,

totola.

monganana, tungapalata,
2 (P.

see
to,

venzomona, App.
adv., e bela-bela;
it

ma.
is

SHREDS,

SILVER

coin,

.,

prata).

SIM-SMI
SIMPLETON,
SIN,
.,

794

.,

mvudi-a-ngungu,

4.

esoki, S^nsoki, which

see,

P- 392-

SKIN, folds of (in emaciated people), n., nketa, 4. disease, a contagious, see kinsa-

against,
(guilt),

?'.,

sumuka.
8.
;/.,

;/.,

esumu,

mpala, App. SKULL, n., valanganza,

6.
;

(unpardonable
(P.

sin),

mungadu,
kadi,

peccado?).
that), conj.,

SINCE (now
that

wau

(forasmuch as, seeing that), conj., diadi dina vo, wau kina
vo,

wau kinana
//.,

vo.

SLAB, ;/., baya, 6 (P. taboa) babu, 6. SLAG, piece of furnace, n., ekongwankela, 8. SLAKED, to have one's thirst, ?'., ntima (4 u-) bwita. SLAVE, //., muwayi, i see also ntau;

ntendo (4) a ntima (4). SlNG a chorus or in ami phonal song,

SINCERITY,
7/./.,

di.

see

yakulula

a psalm or

SLAVERY, ;/., wayi, 12 uwayi, 12. SLEEP heavily, fall into a heavy sleep,
;

at a grave of a great man, yinda, App. loudly, ?/., yengoloka. to the music of some instrument, v., vovelela e esikilu (8).

ode

v.,

wondoka

or

wonanana yo
?'./.,

sec

tulU (pi. 10). throw into a dead, tulu (10).

sleep thus,
'

vonda

SINGLE, a., a- prefixed to the secondhe carried ary form ofmosi all in a single day, onete yawonso muna lumbu akimosi.
;

sickness,
I

fwa o tulu. makwende, manimba, pi. 9.

;/.,
.,

pi.

(in

negative

sentences

only\

a.,

SLEEPER, railway, nzadilwa, 4. SLEEPING-PLACE, ;/., leko, 6. SLEEPLESS, be, ?/., kayiwa or kawa
o

wonso

he did not say a single

meso
.,

(pi. 7).
.,

word, yandi kavovi

diambu
5.

SLEEPLESSNESS,
SLICE,

nkawa-meso,

4.

wonso.

SINGULAR

in the, adv., e

(number), ., kimosi, kimosi.

SLING,

sele, 6. netted, in
;;.,

which a calabash
4.

is

carried,

SINK

(strange), a., -ampimpita. to the ground under a load,

?'.,

fwankalakana.
utterly (overwhelmed), ?>./., sinka. SIP up (last drops left in a vessel), v.i.,

SLIP away, v.i., SLOPE of a roof, &c., n., nkunka, 4. a steep dangerous, ;/., ngengo, 2.

nselwa, sunuka.

wunzulula. SISTER (used by or of tJie opposite sex only], n,, nsanga, 2. SIT carelessly so as to expose one's self, v.i., venanana, vananana.
in council, v.,

SLOW, a., -akomboka. SLOWLY, go, v., komboka. wear away, ?/./., komoka. -abuzie (Bako.). SMALL,
.,

be, grow, ?/., keva. cut in small pieces,

a.,

of cassava only -awele-wele.

vwanda

mfulu

(2).

(on eggs),

7A/.,

up all night, up late, v.i., yididilwa, tongamena. SITUATION, fine, ;/., kiudi, 5 (Bako.). SKEWER, nsomo, 2.
.,

lalamena. v., kielwa.

SMASHED up, </.*., tufakana. SMEAR on thickly, ?/./., leba.

thinly,

SMELL,

vianga. nukuta. of the steam of hot food,

z/./.,
?/./.,

;/.,

muftt, 3

SKILL,

;/.,

ndwenga,
>/.,

2 (generally pi.}.
12. at,
//.,

miufu). the sense of, //., ndukana,

(pi.

ndu-

in one's craft, fuzi, 12.

kuta,

2.

(professional),

umfuzi,

SMITE with something

sickness,
strike,
7/.,

done

without any attempt

buma;

great or with see also

-afwatiku-fwatiku.

App.

795

SMI- Sou
(only), a.,

SMITH v,
10.

//.,

luvu, 10 (Baku.)
a,
?'./.,

lunga,
o

SOLE

ampivi.
(of
5
;

SOLITARINESS
fita, fita

places

only),
6.

n.,

SMOKK, make

kinzunga,

sombe,
it.,

mwisi (3). SNACK of food

time,
//.,

SOLITARY
eaten before
2.

(of places only),

-asombe,

meal-

-akinzunga.
(drear), a., -angidi-nginza,.

mbela-mbela,

SNAP
(of

twe, balanganza. something small), v.t., twengona.

inter/.,

in two, v.t.,

kendona.

SOME, sec wonso, App. day or time or other, adv., e tandn mvu wonso, oku kukwiziwa. one whose name one docs not care
to
//.,

the

finger

&

thumb,
(5,
(5).

?'.,

ndokela kinsansa
in two,
7'./.,

Bako.),

sika kisika e
:

mention
netoko,

(if
i.

a young man),
6.

thing as above, salamesa,

minguna.
in

SON,

see also

wuta, App.

pull

& snap zuzuna.

two,

duduna,
v.,

SOON

after (after a while), adv., oku se ntu; soon after he went,

SNATCH away muna.

SNIFF,
v.,

with violence,

vuzu...,

oku
to,

7'.,

swena, sweta.
be,

go,

wele kwandi. we shall soon tusa kwenda.

se ntu,
sa,
7'.

ait.v.

(when disgusted with a nasty smell), v.t., vunguzioka. SNORE, v., sa ngozi (Bako.). SNORING, //., ngozi, 2 (Bako.). SNUFF, v., sweta, swena. So, to be, v., -ina una, kala una are
;

come, go, do, =vika).

(a child),

v.,

vuka

(Bako.

SOONER SOOTHE

(rather), adv., vezi.

v.t.,

bonda
(i

(Bako.),

you so
so or
is
it

foolish

nga

uzowa
;

wondeleka. mvandi SORCERER, ndu.

.,

& 4) a mpa-

weno wina una ?

so that, edi
it,

SORCERY,

.,

kamba vo
?

practise,

?'.,

mpandu, 2. vanda e mpandu.

2.
i>.i.,

so you bought

did you

edi

SORE,

n.,

mbenza,
.,

kamba vo osumbidi kio ? long as..., see yavana, A pp.

(if only), see

be (of the throat),

SORGHUM,
.,

masa
2.

(pi. 7)

kwayala. ma mbala,

only,

if.

mbala,
wingi,
|

much, hard, App.

well, that, sec

that, conj. yavana; see also ingi, to say or speak, i vova vo.

SORROW, nienge, 4. SORROWFULLY, adv., kuna nkendankenda-(7^'//^ applied form of

the verl)].

SOFT, be (as of lelema.

fine

textures),

v.,

SORT, SOUL,

//.,
.,

mpwa,

2.
;

and green

(of corn), a.,

stiff), v.,

-antwenia.

fulumunu, 6 (Bako.) wumunUjG (Bako.) fulumwinu,

;

be (limp, not
thing,
;/.,

tukuka.

vumwinu,

6.

(tender, fragile),

-etwenga. etwenga.
a.,

SOUND
v.i.,

(that
.,

which our ears perceive),

2.

mpuku-vuku,
,

be in a soft

&

sticky condition,
in

tampwa. SOFTEN by placing

vundika.
by rubbing kuna.
SOIL, rich,
.,
.,

water,

v.t.,

a great, see eyokosa, App. (healthy, good), a -avimpi. of something moving, ;;., nsonsa,

4.

make
the hands,
7'.,

such,

v.,

sia o nsonsa.
tiantisa.

in

tu-

(a trumpet),
?/.*'.,

?/./.,

tianta.
(giving a ringing sound),

ntoto

(4)

andia.
8.

SOUNDING
a.,

SOLDIER,

ebamba-ngolo,

-angenge.

Sou-Spo

796
;/.,

SOURCE

(basis),
;/.,

see

ezuku,
2.

8,

App.

SPENT

in vain, a.,

-angofwila.

(cause),

ntondo,

SOURNESS, 7/.,nsa, 2(Bako.); ngani, 2. SOUTH, 77., sud, 2 (Fr. sud). Sow. self-sown, a., -amakunda, -akimbenena.

SPHERE, n., bulungunzu, 6. SPHERICAL, a., -abulungunzu. SPIKE made of sharpened pieces of mbasa buried in the ground,
point upwards, to
pierce
the
feet of trespassers in

gardens,

SPARE

(save), v.t.,

vukisa.
SPILL,

c.,

.,

esomba,

8, n.

(protect),

kankana.

v.t.,

vongomona, vongola,

SPARKLE, ;/., niania. SPEAK; v., to tola (a woman's word),

against...,
if.,

pongola.

SPIN

loosely, v.t., laba.

;

sia...e

diambu

(7).

(angrily), v.i., balata. to, v.t., badila ; see also

SPIRIT, w.,fulumunu, 6 (Bako.) wumunu, 6 (Bako.) vumwinu,

;

vovesa,

App.
highly
of, v.t.,

6 fulumwinu, 6. SPIRITUAL nature, n., umwanda,

;

12.

sensemeka.
v.t.,

&
a.,

characteristics,
5-

.,

kimwanda,
-a.

insolently

about,

tiala, tia-

nguna.
in very low tones, v.,
of, v.t.,

-amwanda, -akimwanda,

of or about,

tola (Bako.). v., ziotola (not used of

betters}.

vunguta. suma, zangata.

umwanda.
SPIRITUALLY, adv., e kimwanda SPIRT, v.t.j tialumuna. SPIT upon, v.t., vuma o mete
8).
(5).

or to ontfs
over

(pi.

&

over again, ziotolola, as

above.
privately, secretly, in a whisper
v.t.,

SPITE,

n.,

lutongeneko,

10.

to,

longesela.
v.i.,

sarcastically,

sendomona, vova
(2).

against, have, v.t., tongeneka. in spite of all, adv., e nkaya-kaya. in spite of the fact that , conj.,

nsendomona

kufwila owu.

.ko.

scornfully, v.t., tianguna. to (a fetish), v., vovelela.

SPLASH about

(as

water when carried),

(unadvisedly, what you afterwards

wish

had been
(e

left

unsaid),

v., dukinga, dukunga. SPLASHING sound, make, z/., dikinga. SPLENDOUR, ;/., elezi-lezi, 8.

lutisa or lutakesa or sunda-

SPOIL

kesa
without
out),

diambu,

7).

(destroy), sela.
v.,

v.t.,

fwasa, vonde-

care

&

propriety

(blurt

(mar),

bandula.

tempa.
ngwelele-ngwe2.
;

SPEAKER,
nze,

great, n.,
2.

SPECIES,

;/.,

mpwa,

kiSPECTACLE, ;/., mona-meso, 6 mona-meso, 5. great public, n., see nkungi, 4, App.

v.t., pangalakesa, bwangalakesa. SPOILED, become (tarnished), v.i. 9 vesoka. be (so that it cannot come to com-

(nullify),

pletion tfrperfection),
\

v.,

funga.

SPEECH

in defence of, n., vovelo, 6.

SPONGE, SPOON,
SPOT,
n.,

;/.,
.,

sipanzi, 2 (Eng.). zawulu, 6 (Bako. =zalu).

2.

hasty, careless,
elegant,

mambu mankwalu.
mae

(of metal),

proper, grammatical,

., ngutu, ekeya, 8.

mbu makosi.
SPEECHLESS (dumbfounded),
adv.,

(place), fulu, 6.

on

the, adv.,

vana or vovo
vau.

fulu,

mome
be, v.,

(6).

vovo
pututa.

(&c.)

fwa

mome.
v.t.,

where anything
found,
.,

may
8.

be surely

SPEND

lavishly,

ezikila,

797

SPR-STA
in,
8.
;/.,

SPREAD

about, be

(scattered),

v.i.,

tendangiana. abroad, v.t., sanzanisa. ?'./., sanzana. from one to the other,

STALKING, skill ekoneka,

ekondeka,

STAMMKR,
STAND,
v.i.,
.,

?'.,

kokoma.
6.

zangikilwa,

yala-

aside (to allow

?/.,

some one

to pass),

ngana.
out in great numbers,
v.,

sila e nzila (2).

sanzana.
v.i.,

(occupy
cause

much
to, v.t.,

space),

yala-

head downwards or upon the head, v.i., bolama.

?'./.,

ngana.
yalangesa. (of things which had been heaped together), ?'./., bungula.
widely,
v.t.,

boleka.

high up,
the

/./., zundalala, tundalala, knndalala.

point
long),

balumuna.
a.,

?'./.,

against (of tutika.

something

SPREADING
be,
7/.,

(of a tree),

-anyevi.

still,

7/./'.,

kindama, ningama.
kindika, ningika.
loss (because of),

yeva. SPRING suddenly kina.

cause
at,
v.t.,

to, v.t.,

vulumu-

be at a

takama

up
in

(as

seedlings),

v.,

tomboloka,

&

teka.

(muna), vakama (muna). wonder, the right hand under chin or on the side of the face,

abundance, vasumuka.
frizzle

SPUTTER &
siosia.

in

cooking,

v.,

attitude of perplexity, fumana. in frightened perplexity appre-

&

hension,

v.i.,

zumbalala.

SPY,
n.,

./., laya, senga. nsengi, 2.

up suddenly, adv., kankuka.

(place), v.t., sikidika.

SQUANDER, v., fumba, pututa. SQUANDERING ways, //., nlungulungu,

4-

v.L, sikalala.

STANDARD
ndu,

(of comparison),
2
;

;/.,

mba-

nonga-nonga,
u.,
v.i.,

6.

SQUARE, the great, of a town, ntanda-ndembo, 4 mbazi

;

#.,

(2}

STANDING (position), START (begin to go),

App.

esiku, 8. see londola,

a ekongo, eboko,
.,

8.

a.,

kare, 2 (Fr. carre). -akare. ba-

(begin to do), toteka.

a dispute,
v.i. (of
v.,

v.,

leka e
v.t.,

mpaka

(2).

SQUASH, v.t., tufuna. SQUAT, be (low spreading),

talala.

many

people),

vombola.
solo-

(originate),

selomona,

mona, soka.
kienga.
(of

SQUEAK SQUEAL

(as a mouse), v.t.,

(as

a ship, &c.),

v.i.,

nengoka.

pig),

v.i.,

kwinga,
v.t.,

up and rush

off, v.i.,

dikumuka.
v.i.,

winga.

(with pain, fright, shock),

kitu-

SQUEEZE through
fiunununa.

a small hole,

muka.
STARTLE,
v.t.,

dikumuna.
v.i.,

SQUIRREL,
SQUIRT,
STAB,
?/.,

n., 8.

ebala, 8

ngondo,

STARTLED &
STARVE,
v.i.,

run, be,

ekasa,
v.t.,

zika ye nzala

dikumuka. (2), vilwa

songa or ///. show

tialumuna. suka e mbele (2).

furlong),

e nzala.

STATE a

case (in court),

v.,

STADIUM (Greek
100,
A.

mavwata,

kia kilometa.

sia e yeleka the true facts,

(pi. 5),

STAGNANT, be, v.i., dikalala. STAIN (colouring matter), .,dima, pl.6.

STAIRCASE, sikada, 2 (P. escada); tombokelo, 6 tombokelwa, 6.
.,
;

clearly, plainly, v.t., kiesa.

STATIONARY, be, v.i., kindama. STATURE, >/., utiangi, 1 2. STATUTES, n., mina, pi. 3.

STA-STR
S-TAY,
(for
v.i.,

793

kindama.

STILL, continued.

a long time), ?'., zinguluka. for a while, v.i., wunda.

n.,

maza
keep,
v.t.,

others

are

still

alive,

akaka bakini yo moyo.

kindika.

nangu,
;/.,

4.

(support),

nsimbininu,
(Bako.).

2.

STEAL,

v.t.,

yemba

STEALTHILY go, move, v., komboka. STEERING (of a ship), the, n., ebindiku,
8.
of,

kindama. STING, n., nswa, 4 (Bako.) ba, 6 nanga, 4 (Bako.) (Bako.)

v.i.,
;

nsoso,

4.

STINGINESS,
;

manner

STEP, ;/., STEPS, n., sikada, 2

; ;

mbindika, 2. tenso, 6 kunda,

(P.

6.

escada); to-

mbokelo, 6 tombokelwa, 6. STERE, //., stere, 2 meta mosi akube. STERILE, see nzimba & nlomba, App. STICK, far out, and only be held by the extreme end, v.i., zananana. in (cause to pierce), v.t., sumika, someka. (one's head a little way out of a door or hole), v.t., lumbidika.
out (protrude),
v.i.,
JY'<?

n., bwimi, 12 (Bako.). STINGY person, ., mbaba, 4. STINKING condition, in a, adv., e bokoto (pi. 6). STIR (move), v.i., sonsola.

ziungasa (Bako.). up (rouse), v., yangumuna. STIRRED, be, v.i., ziungana (Bako.).
(a pot), v.t.,

STITCH

of basting,
(breed), u.,

STOCK

., esumpu, kuna, 12.

8.

parent or
all

common

stock from which

n.,

have sprung,

nzimba-

protrude,

kani, 2. remain long in stock,

v.,

kunda.
;

App.
to (retain),
v.t.,

STOCKS,
tatidila.
6.

n.,

nsuku,
or

(Bako.)

ku,

(persist), v.,

lakama, landidila;
v.t.,

STOMACH
STONE,
v.,

(of rat
8.

nsizi), n., efingi-

sec also persevere, persist.

dikiti,
selo-

(a statement or idea),

zuka o matadi

(pi. 8).

mokena.
upon a
stick or spike, by sticking the spike into the object, v.t.,

matadi. to death, vondela used for crushing pepper, &c, on another stone, ;/., nsindulu, 2
(Bako.);

muna

soineka, sumika. STIFF,

a.,

-antintibidi.
to
6,

STOP,
n., see

v.i.,

nikinwa, 6 nsindu, 2. kindama, ningama.

;

STIFFENKR
padi,

a parcel,

padi4-

cause

to, v.t.,

kindika, ningika.

App.
;/.,

STIFFNESS
STILE,
n.,

(rigidity),

ntintibidi,

(cease), v.i., voza. for a while, v.i., wunda.

sumbuka,

6.
;

see STILL, adv., yangimi, yakinu also yet, p. 243 & App. (however), adv., see mpasi OWll &

oku mpe, App.

(in protesting), conj.,

watu,
in the

(of punctuation), n., ekuminu, 8. STOPPING without, adv., o ntusu (4). STORM, n., tembo, 6 (Bako.). STORY, n., lusansu, 10. to make a long story short (proverb), o mwana a kinsamuna kaka-

(there

was no change

circum-

la

mpasi ko.

kaka; still there was nothing alive, ke vakedi kaka ma kiamoyo una kina ko he was still in the house, wakedi kaka muna nzo.
stances), adv.,
;

STOUT,

be, grow, v.,

STOW

-atonga. yeva. closely, v.t., bandila.

a.,

(yet) to be, v.,

kini

v.

defective,

perf. only ; some are still at the water, akaka bakini kuna

STRAIGHT, a., -ansingingi, -ansinini. be, v.i., singanana. make, v.t., singinika. down into the earth, adv., e kimbonga-nsi dig straight clown into
;

799

STR-SUB
;/.

STRAIGHT, continued.
the
earth,

a short narrow
jungle,

strip

of

nutima

kimbo(4).

grass

nga-nsi.
on, over, &c., adv., o

which has remained untouched after a great

nsingamu

bush-fire,

swa, 6

sWanga,

6.

(of trees, shafts, &c.), #-, -ansioni.

out of the straight, adv.,

(4).
a.,

nzungu

long ditto, nlanga, 4. (coloured strip sewn on the end of a

cloth),
off,
?'./.,
//.,

babatu,
;

2.

-anzungu.
the
sides of a
pit,
-z'.,

vuzumuna
his

they stripped

SIRAIGHTKX
sonsa.

him of

cloth,

bamvuzu4.

mwini
(of a course),**.,

o nlele.
;

STRAIGHTFORWARD
-ankolomona.
S IUAIGHTNESS,
nini,
4.
.,

STRIFE,

.,

mvibu, 4

nzila,

STRIVE
;

one's utmost,
7/./.,

?'.,

seneta.

nsingmgi, 4

nsi-

hard,
to

do

(of trees, shafts, &c.), nsioni, 4.

siamanana, vama. beyond one's power), ?'./., kuvaka.

(something
in

STRANGE,

a.,

-ampimpita

a strange

together

hot

discussion,
6.

?'.,

affair,

diambu diampimpita.

bambana, zekana.

Jiow strange indeed, kadi tu, se di-

akaka.
this is

STROKE STROLL

(mark),
about,

//.,

kwalati,

very or

it is

very, se

diakaka.

STRANGER, ;/., see ntangu, App. STRANGLE, ?/./., fiontona. STRATAGEM, ?/., mana, pi. 7.
(artifice),

beba (Bako.), kiba (Bako.), bembela. STRONG, be, ?>./., siamanana, vama.
?'.,

(earnest), grow,

?'./.,

vela-vela,
8
;

man, a

very,

;/.,

ekabu,

vavi, 6

by, tufa.,

lumpeso, 10. kuna lumpeso.

;/.,

mpami,
ekoneka,

2.

(of the voice), a.,

-abakuka.
?'./.,

(careful circumventing),;/., 8 (generally pi.}.

STRUGGLE

together,
?/.,

kankana.
?'.,

STRATUM,
STRAY,
?'.,

;/.,

kunda, vuvuta.
//.

6.

seneta. (with some great task or burden),

(violently),

vanama
mfunka,
;

(ye\ zekana

(ye).

STRENGTH,
(physical),

(active),
4.

2.

nkuma,

("potential),

mfunka, 4

see

K.-Eng.

STUBBORNNESS, /;., lufutu, 10 (Bako.), nkumfu, 4. STUMBLING-BLOCK, ;/., sakuba, 6.

STUPID,
be,

App.
(essence of meat, herbs, &c.),

become,

?'./.,

bobalala

mwe-

ma, 3. STRETCH, ?'./., nanumuna. STRICT (carefully correct),

(Bako.), tumpalala. be, either through drink or severe

sickness, ?'./'., dungiana. the condition or one who
affected, n.,
is

.,

-ano-

so

nga-nonga. STRIKE, ;/., nzekani, 2. STRIKE, ?'./., kafa. (as a clock), ?'., kuba. a blow with ?'./., zuba, venza,
,

one who
.

is

&

a.,

see

ndungianu, 4. utterly, ;/., efweke, 8. c., App. fool,

STUTTER,
STYLE,
(of
;/.,

?'./.,

kokoma.
4.

mvila,

vama.
a hoe, vaba. a heavy blow, ?/./., tiama. with (a stick or blunt instrument),

(build),

kanda, 12. make), ;/., ebangu,

;/., ;/.,

8. 8.

of writing,

SUBJECT,

start

esoneka, or refer to
(7).

a,

nikuna e

bufuna, bufa. something great, buma.

(pat), playfully, v. t
(4).

diambu
SUBJECTION
o ntayi
10.

(lowliness),

lusakalalu,

wanda

be absolutely

in, v.,

bosalala.

SUB-SUR
SUBJECTS
sing.

800

(of a king), the, n., nsa, 4,

SUPPORT (aid), luambu, v., vana o luambu.

.,

10.

SUBMISSION, a goat presented in token of, ;/., nkombo (2) a maboko

(pi. 8)
;

give one's support to a matter, v.t., nunguna o mvungu (4), yi-

see -eboko,

App.
e

kesa.

SUBMIT

(treat for peace),

vana

nko-

upon the hands with great

lelela.

care,

?'.,

mbo a maboko.
SUBSEQUENT, see nsukinina, App. SUBSIDE (of earth when it caves in), i/./., wotomoka. SUBSTANCE, //., see mfiku, App. SUBTERFUGE, n., ebungwa, 8 mpi;

SUPPORTERS
SUPPOSE,
v.,

(of

a king),

.,

lelelwa,6.
;

(if)

kala or -ina diau what did he suppose ? adieyi kakedi diau? conj.y kana vo kala, with the
subj.

kU,2.

mood
(S

make
to

(to

concoct some story in

Past

in reference to the indicative mood for the

excuse),

lamba
of,
v.i.,

mabungwa.

future.

make

use

vala o mabungwa.

SUCCESSFUL,

be,

vangama.
(I,

SUCCOUR,
render,

n.,

?>.,

luambu, 10. vana o luambu.

;

Suppose I had gone, would he have seen me ? kana vo kala ngyenda, nga mona kadi kumbona e ?

SUCH,
in

see

-ina una, App.

such a

&c.), suppose, sec also mpangu,

owu diakalanga;
App.
;

sup-

thing, e

ma

kina una.

pose

that

he

is

going,

owu

such a way, adv., sec under -ingi wingi, App.

n.,

diakalanga kwenda kekwenda.

SUCKLING,

SUDDEN
SUE

death,

ngyemo, 2. n., lufwa

SURE
(10)

(dependable),

.,

-aziku, -afika

luaka(to

ye kamba.
be believed, trusted),
kizi.
to,
?/.,

nku.
for peace, v., lomba o luve (10). SUFFICE for all, v.i., lungila.
.,

a.,

-akwi-

be sure

ke lembi ko.
e

lufwanu, SUFFICIENCY, SUFFICIENTLY, not, adv., yavana, App.

10.

make
under
n.,

very,

?'./.,

see

SURELY,

adv.,

kuzika, siamisa. kieleka kiau; see

only, n.,

also

lembwa & mpandi, App.

nkanda-

SUGAR-CANE, a soft, immature, efubu (8) dia munse (3).

SURFACE, of water kanda, 4.

(of water, ground,
&*<:., is

SUGGEST

(a matter),

v.t.,

selomona,

c.).

The water,
to

solomona.

mentioned,

vanantandu

S ULK SULLEN, be, SULPHUR,

I
3
.,

v.i.,

funakana.
App.

a being sometimes prefaced

it,

sec elengo,

but the simple mention of the water, ground, &*<:., is gener-

SULPHURETTED hydrogen, ;/.,biandungula,

;/.,

ally sufficient.

The

surface of

6.
5.

SUM
up

(total),

(add), v.,

;/., kimbangumuna, bangumuna, tota.

the ground was wet is expressed by saying that the ground itself

was
SO-

wet,

ntoto

ukedi e

(the point in a debate),

v.t.,

mvutu.

SUMMIT,

ngola. ., lusangidika,

make
10.

a smooth

level, v.t.,

kumba.

scratch the

surface of the ground

?/.,

SUNKEN

in, be, v., vompoka, kofoka. SUPERABUNDANCE,)

3

with a hoe,

buka.
10;

SUPERFLUITY,

SURLINESS, mfu,

.,

lunkumfu,

nku-

4.
v.i.,

SUPPLY
to,

(furnish), v.,

vambula.

SURPASS

(outdo, eclipse),

vanda-

vambwila.

lala, vatalala.

(8oi S u R PA SS, continued.

exceedingly,
dila.
v.t.,

SUR-TAL
(appropriate),
v.t.,

TAKE
sundidila, lutibeta.
10.

lamuna.

by

force, v.t.,

bumba.
v.,

care of (a living creature or somev.t.,

(have,

do more),
of,

thing

moveable),

lungaair or

SURPRISE (blank), ;z.,luzengeneko,

utter cries

lunga.
in things put into the

?/.,kululuka,
;/.,

kumba.
;

sun to

SuRRorxPixc; country, mvivu, 4.

I

zunga, 6

warm, yanuna.
a large piece
(of

something),
v.t.,

v.t.,

SURROUNDINGS

(environment),
;

n.,
5.

yengomona.
very
little

nzinguluka, 2 kinzieta, SURVEY, v.t., laya, senga.

with one gulp or whole, kiubula, kiutula. SWALLOWED up, be, v.i., sinka.

at

a time,

debola,

dekola.
v.t.,

SWALLOW

much, plenty, too much, v.t., wnnga, tuta, duda, vudidila, puta, pututa.
the habit or act of taking too
off

SWAMP (muddy SWAY (about as

?'.,

place),

//., ntabala, 4. water when carried),

much

dukinga, dukunga.
.,

SWAYING,

ntembelela,

2.

SWKAR (an oath), v., bindumuka, bindumuka e ndofi (2).

at, v.t.,

or very much, n., vudidi, 6. outer casing, upper part of a pile or heap or one's outer garments or anything tensama, v., tensola.

duka.

falsely, v.,

fumba

e ndofi

(2).

off the surface, v.t., see lalula, App. out (of something in which it was

SWEET,

be, v.i., see tua,

App.
7
;

encased
sokola.

or

embedded),
at

v.t.,

(as sugar), a., -anzenzo.

SWEETHEART,
zia, 6.

n.,

diabonda,
4.

lenge-

up and carry away

remark,
v.t.,

once without

SWEETNESS,

;/.,

nzenzo,

SWELL up

somewhich has been well soaked), v.i., funduluka.

to its original size (as

thing dried,

kikula. up & carry on or through some enterprise or take up some refrain or song, yakulula. one who does so, n., ngyakll, 2
;

SWERVE, v.i., tikumuka. SWIM, v.i., loba. (as a fish), v., beba (Bako.), kiba
(Bako.).

nyakuludi, i & 4. up by the end, v.t., zaninika. (something which is very long, as a rope, snake, &c.), v.t.,

SYLLABLE, n., kibale, 5. in or by syllables, adv., e kibale.

langnmuna.
up with, v., kusia muna. upon oneself, v.i., yakama.

SYMPATHISE mpasi
App.

with,
(2)
;

v.t.,

tantilwa...e

see also

yambana,

TALENT,
pi
2.

.,

lue,

pi.

6;

ndwenga,
talanta,

SYMPATHY, n., see under ngyambani & yambana, App. SYNAGOGUE, ;*., esambilu, 8 (dia
Ayuda).

TALENT

(biblical weight),';/.,

(ezitu dia

vimpa ya

tadi).

TALENTED, be. v., luengoloka. TALK, constantly, v.i., kwaya.

empty, senseless
talk, n.,

malaza,
pi. 8.

T.
TABLET,
.,

pi.

mawulumuna,
of, v.t.,

favourably

sanisa.

babu,

6.

TACK
TAIL

sewing), v.t., sumpa. feathers of a bird set up as a trophy or tail of a fish, ;z., vezo, 6.

(in

on endlessly, v.t., tialumuna.

rubbish or uselessly,

bwasumuna,
v.,

folokosa.
a.,

TALKATIVE

(full

of chatter),

-ampi-

3 F

TAL-THE
TALKATIVE, continued.

802

ntudi, -ampintuludi, -ambiodi.

be, pintula, pintulula, biola.

mpintudi, i & 4 mpii & 4 mbiodi, i & 4. TALKATIVENESS, n., nzoko-zoko, 4. TALKED of, be much, v.i., kumba, yaya.
child,
.,
;

TEASE, v.t., tuntanisa. TELL, to, v.t., samwina, ta (Bako.). all the details minutely, v.t., tapututa, kumbulula. off to a duty, v., suma.

ntuludi,

TEMPERANCE, n., volo, 6 tunu, 6. TEMPERATE, be, v., vololoka, tuna. TEMPT, v., tambidila see nkanu, p.
;

380.

TALL

person,

n.,

etiangi,
tall,

8.

straight tree, or

thin

man,

n.,

ndiokololo,

4.

thin, a., -ansioni.

fruit, n., nsakabadi, 2. nsakabadi, 4. TAME, be, v., lembalala. TAN leather, ?/., tovola o nkanda (4).

TEMPTED, be (to do something which one knows to be wrong), v.i., vungidilwa see K. App. TENDER, soft, a., -etwenga.
;

TAMARIND
tree,

thing,

n.,

etwenga,

8.

TANTALIZATION, ., nsondi, 2 (Bako.). TANTALIZE, v., ta nsondi (Bako.)

tekela e ngengo
(2).

(2) a ngudi, 2 walakazi, 12. TENDERLY, touch, handle (when examining something very fragile

mercy,

;/.,

ngemba
;

(Bako.)

TAP,

.,

kakilwa,
;

6.
.,

or painful), v., wunza. TENSE, be, v.i., nanama. TERMINATION, ;/., nsilu, 4.

TARNISHED
8

appearance,
pi. 6.

evesoka,

TERMS

of peace,

n.,

mpanga

(2)

kuku,
v.,

ungudi
with, v.,

(12).

become,
a.,

vesoka.
(colocasia
(8).

be on good (agree
?),

-eveso.

well), v., bakana. kala kumosi ye.

TARO, coco yam

(4)

mvindi

TERRIBLE,

a.,

-ansisi.

a elanga

TARRY

(be long),

?'.,

zinguluka.

something, n., tema, 6. what a terrible thing

!

interj.,

nki!

wunda. TARTNESS, .,nsa, 2

(stay),

(Bako.); ngani,2.
laborious, ,?/., le-

a ntima (4) kikilu nkitimisu (4) a ntima kikilu

timu

(4)

TASK, have a very

TERROR,
TEST,
n.,

n., nsisi, 2.

ngana
TASTE
(for),
.,

(ye).
5.

ntonto, 2

ntonta
n.,

(a test-

(appetite), n., kinzola-nzola,

ing), 2.

nlaku, 4
.,

(a).
2.

TESTAMENT
8
(will),
;

(covenant),
4.

ekangu,

delicious,

ngwenzo,

nkangu,

(a tasting),

ngyeleka,
(too

2.

a very

little, v.t.,

leveta.
watery),
;/.,

TESTIS,

nkanda (4) a efwa. n., mbanga, 2.

than, adv.,
8

TASTELESSNESS

THAN,

mbuyu-buyu, 4. TATTER, n., nlanzi, 4.

in rags

& tatters, a., -anlanzi-nlanzi.

well, be, v., via.

rather than, more ke mu...ko. THANKS, n., matondo, pi.

4-

ntondo,

TAUGHT
TAX,
.,

with many, adv.,

kuna matondo.

vaku,

12.

THAT,

TEACH

well, v.t., visa.

THAT

seg
is

to say,

mp angU

or

sia

TEACHABLE, be, v., longakana. TEACHING, nlongi, 4. TEAR, v., kaza.

.,

or

samuna

or -ina vo, App.

(saying that), pron., e kisamuna o zaya vo or o sia vo or o vovo

off

a piece,

v.,

zazuna.
fill

vo o r vo
!

o sia vo.
that), conj.,

TEARS, have tears kinsanga (5,

one's eyes,

z/.,

THEN

(next,

after

mba
;

ki-)

yengela.

(Bako.),

mbangi

(Bako.)

So 3

Tin.
bala.

THK

THEN,

continued.

THINK,

v.,

mbangi
after

mbengi

see also za,

App. an interrogation,
;

see vo,

App.

(impatient), utu (Bako.), tu, VUtu, wenda ele vele, ele go then
!

about (puzzle over), v., vimpita. (have an idea that), v., eki, with the POSS. pron. in class 7 sing. thought that I should rind it,, eki diame, yasolola kio.
;

(as (so), see

wendele).
i,

(suppose,

then it (in those days), adv., na lumbu ina. then too, conj.
,

nga, App. is or was that, adv., see

diau
App.

luaka mu-

kala or -ina. do you think ? adieyi wina diau ? he thought that they were here, edi kakedi diau vo kwaku ina.
believe),
;

what

diaka mpe.

over,

v.t.,

dikula.

then, well then, conj., buni (Bako.), ozevo se let us go then, ozevo
;

too

little of... to

se

twenda kweto.
,

make such a present or to render such a service or do such a kindness, v., fumbila.
of (a thing) to dispose of
so), v.,
it

THERE

adv.

In initiating impertJie

too

much

sonal clauses, prefix

locative

(to so

fumba.
n.,

to the verb, ivitJi or -witJiont the

THINNESS
THIRST,

(emaciation),

addition of ya, ye or yo after it; see also itnder i, App.; there

n.,

kodi-kodi,

nkalati, 2. 6 (Bako.),

laka-laka, 6
burning,
;/.,

are

at

kwina
THEREFORE,
(

or on, &c., vena or or mwina ye (ya, yo).

elemena

(8)

dia

maza
nui-

(pl. 7).

conj., dianu vo, diau vo. The appl. form is not required when diau & dianu are thus combined ivitJi vo.) e bila kiaki (with the appliedform\

which
to

seems
5.

insatiable,

n.,

nui,
(4,

Have slaked
U-)

one's, v.i., ntima bwita he is no longer thirsty, o ntima andi ubwitidi.

;

THlCKj something very or

;/.,

singularly,

mbomongo,

4.

THISTLE, growing in the woods, nkeka (2) a mfinda (2).

.,

a.,

-ambomongo.
thickly,
v.t.,

THONGS

of skin
n.,

or leather twisted
nkasi,
2.

smear on a thick coat or

leba.

together,

THOROUGH
do

(perfect), a., -akosi.

THIGH, ;/., ebunda (8) dia kulu (9). THIMBLE, ;/., mpu (2) a nlembo (4). THIN, a., -akasa (Bako.), -ankalati.
be or become,
pala.
v.t.,

THOROUGHLY(clearly),d7/z/.,epeka(6).
(well), v., toma (aux. v.}. but not too much, adv., e ngingu kole.
conj.,

kava, kamuka,
kavisa, kathinly,
v.t.,

THOUGH,
padisa,

kufwila owu...ko, o

make,

v.t.,

sia ele vo,

kana

vo,

kana una
;

muna.
smear on a thin coat or
vianga.
thin stick of a thing, mbiengele, 2 oh, what thin sticks of legs
;
!

VO

see also ndivo,

App. though

you go, kufwila

ko. as though, conj.,

owu okwenda

ne banza vo.
n.,

THOUGHT

(purpose),

ekani,

8.
.,

kunakwa mbiengele za malu

THING

(material), n., leko, 6 (Bako.). very precious, n., lengezia, 6. THINGS of no use, n., mfwantakani, 2.

the

many

things (one saw or has to attend to), o mambu, nkama

see THOUGHTLESSNESS, utter, under ntu ukula, &c., App. THOUSAND, efunda, 8. THREAT, n., nkanikinu, 4. THREATEN, v.t., sisisa. THRESHOLD, n., mfietoto, 4 (Bako.)
., ;

ya nsambu a mbumba.

nsiekolo, 4 (Bako.).

THR-TOO
THRILL,
.,

804

ewawa,

8.
5.

TIME, continued.
then,
(//'/.,

THRONE, THRONG,
.,

n., v.,

kiandu,

zadila, fitama.

adv., o leka after sleeping

temona

&

waking),

ntuti,

4.

THROW,

v.t.,

laka.

down (something heavy), 77., yuva. down (on the ground or into water),
?/.,

(epoch), ., snngi, 6. time spent in being, kalu, 6. in staying temporarily or visiting,

enangu,

8.
pi. 8.
;

lakika.
v.t.,

spent in delay, mazinga,

far away,

&

miss, /./., out the chest,

swanga. tikumuna.
v.i.,

manganana.

nsumbiTIMIDITY, ., nsumbi, 2 nsumbi, 2. TIRE of a wheel, ;/., nkunkula, 4.

TIRED,

something large (into the water), v.t., kuvula, kuvumuna. up (mpanza & catch them before casting), v., yaka. (in wrestling), v.t., nongona.

grow
o

(of

something),

v.,

sukwa
;

mpasi(pl.

moyo (3), tantwa e 2), tukumukwa, ba-

THROWN,

be, otherwise
v.t.,

than was

in-

nduka I am tired of teaching him, yabanduka o kunlonganga aka.

TOAD,
large species,
n.,

tended,

tikumuka.

sote, 6.

THRUST

in

by force or something not

TODDLE

about,

v.,

kankata.
(5),

THUNDER

intended to enter, v.t., tumpa. or make a thundering

noise, diina.
v.i.,

TOGETHER,
(all

adv., e kibale

sa-

dudula, tutula,

di-

ngi (12). at one time), adv.,

mankoka-

THUS,

conj., e

sia vo or o
sia vo.

kisamuna o zaya or vova vo or vo

;

o o

ngo. all put together, adv., e bundll, 6. TOIL, v., futuka (Bako.), funtuka.

TICK, jungle.

n.,
2.

kasa, 8 (Bako.)
6.

nkuba,
TIE,
tu.t.,
.,

kangwa,
v.t.,

mfuntu, 4. funtuka or lengana (ye), sia e mfunka [(2) muna]. TOLL (customs), n., vaku, 12,
n.,
(at), v.t.,

kuta.

(of a bell), v.i.,

kuba.
river,

firmly,

kwitika, pita, bamba,

girdle, v.,

for

passing over a bridge or

n.,

volola.

round one as a

kanga

pay,

nzambu, 2. V., zamba.

of

mbuti

(4).

Too, expressed generally by recasting

zeyeleka.
;

loosely, to, v.t.,

the sentence, so that instead

TIED

loosely, be, v.i., zeyalala.

saying,
white,

up, adv., o
up,

nkangu he sent it tied otwikidi kio o nkangu.

;

too white, say very thus because it is too

it

is

white

= kadi pemba kwingi.

:

TIER,

.,

tenso, 6

kunda,

6.

TIGHTEN (make
zika.
the

firm,

sure), v.,

kuv.,

There are a few verbal adjectives implying too

too
little,

small, -luelo, -ke.

girding

(of

one's

cloth),

kamina. TIGHTLY, adv.,

e tele

too long, high, deep, -la. too short, -kufi.

ngi

(2),

ngwi
.,

(2),

too new, -va. too old, -kulu. too little, few, short, to be,

(pi. 6).

TIME
(in

or number of times,

nku2
;

v.,

fwa fwa
App.

mbuluka,
times 20,
after

2.

multiplication),

mfoko,
20.

mfoko 6 za

ke (12). too much, large, many, o nene (12).

be, v.,

some

time,

some time

elapsed,

(as well), adv., see also as well,

'OOTH, front (incisor), n., dinu diansevi. which protrudes beyond the lips,

(7)

;/.,

TRADITION, n., esansu, 8. TRAIN up (a child), v.t., kubuhila, tongonona.

esunia, 8. a second row of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw, //., ntudi, 2
(IJako.).

TRAJECTORY

of a bullet,
v.t.,
.,

;/.,

zengo,

6.

TRAMPLE

upon,

funta.

TOP of

hill, flat, n.,

esela,

8.

TRANQUILLITY, luvuvamu, 10. TRANSFIGURATION, ekitu, 8. TRANSFORMED, be, v.i., see somoka,
.,

on the top

of,

prep.,

vana or ktma

App.

mbata

(sing. 2) a.

TRANSGRESS,

v.,

kuzuka

[e

elongi
8.
i

on the, adv., vana or kuna mbata. one on the top of the other, adv., e

(8), &c.].

nkundieka (2), e nkundakiani (2), e mbandakiani (2), e mbandieka (2).

TOPAZ,
.,

TRANSGRESSION, //., ekuzuka, TRANSGRESSOR, n., nkuzuki,

&

4.

TRANSMITTED from one

to another,
to one,

topaze,

2.

:ORMENT, //., lubangalu, 10. v.t., bangidika, bangika, banganisa.

be or have transmitted v.i., sambukila. TRANSPARENT, a., -amoni.

be, v., mona. TRANSPLANTING,
za,
2.

plants

for, n.,

mpu-

be

in, v.t.,

bangala, bangalala.
;

TORMENTOR,

n., muntantabadi, 3 sungubadi, 6. TORRENT, bed (very rocky), ., yasa,

6.

TRAP.

.,

see

mpombolo, eniemo, App.

in
8.
y

good fortune etambu,

catching with,

n.,

the touch or trigger of a trap, n

a.,

TORTUOUS,
be, v.,

-ampiolo.

viotakana.
v.t.,

ntetebeswa, TRAVAIL with, be

2.

in,

.,

songokwa

make,
7)

viotakesa.

kwa.

TORTURE,
;

v.t.,

landa o
in
all

mambu
App.

(pi.

TRAVEL

about,

v.,

beba(Bako.), kiba

see also torment,

(Bako.).

TOSSED about
v.i.,

directions, be,

tumpana.

TRAVELLER, nkangazi, 4. TREACHEROUSLY, to act, v.t., takula.

.,

TOTAL,

.,

kimbangumuna,

nto-

TREAD
TREAT

upon,

v.t.,

funta.
10.

ta, TOUCH of

2.

TREASURE,
(2)

n.,

lusalu,

a trap, ., ntetebeswa, 2. some one in order to call him aside

without attracting the attention of others, v.t., viangula, takula.

for peace, v.,

vana
fool,

nkombo
kitula Q

a niaboko. inhumanly or as a
yidi, sangila.

TOUGH,

be,

z/.,

sinita.

and almost unfit to be kuva. TOWER, n., nzo (2) ezulu.

eaten,

v.i.,

TREE, huge, red wood

nuni,

.,

tree,
4.

ngengele (2) a nti (4). good timber, ndia-

yielding a very inflammable resin,

TOWN, TRACE

n.,

bwala, 13 (Nsundi). to its source, v.t., tongonona.

.,

elengo,

8.

the barest (vestige),

(2).

nsunungina
.,

TRACK

(of a great beast),

vwa,
(path),
.,
.,

mvwamvwamvwila, 4.
4. 4.

TREELESS (bare), a., -angidinginza. TREMBLING, luzakamu, 10; eznkamu, 8. (of delight or fear), n., epupupu, P. TRESPASS (transgression), ;/., ekuzu.,

nzia-zia,

ka,

8.

TRADE,

nkono,

TRIAL,

n.,

ntonto,

ntonta,

(try-

(business transactions),

mfunu,

4.

ing).

'TRI-TYR

806

TRIANGLE, TRIBUTE,

;/.,
.,

TRIGGER
2.

(of

konko-tatu, 6. vaku, 12. a trap), //., ntetebeswa,

TRUSTWORTHY, one who

(i)

is,

.,

nkwa

ziku

(6).

(devoted), nkwa nkanka nature, kwikizi, 12.

(2).

TRIM,

?/./.,

kumpa.
//.,

TRY
4.

(a case),

v.t.,

fundisa.
leveta.

(a lamp), v.t., kolela.

the flavour hard,

z/.,

of,

z/./.,

TRIUMPH,
App.

nsangunia,
lines
of,

nwana.

TROPICS, the

see

zengo,

6,

to

do something, well knowing it to be hopeless, v.i., kufianunga,

fianungina.
i.e.,

TROUBLE

(danger & difficulty), ;/., lenga, pi. 6 vangu, pi. 6. have a great deal of, v.t., futuka
;

to grasp or kill too soon,

before

getting sufficiently near,

(perf.

tuwa

(Bako.),
give, */./.,

funtuka.

tUWldi).

futuna(Bako.),funtuna, tokeka, tuntanisa.

v.i.,

in vain to, ?/., see p. 696.

lembi or lembelo;

be
get

in (as a mourner),

zingidiex-

induce,

z>..

kuza.
difficult),
a.,

Iwa.
into (a
derisive,
v.t.,

TRYING (dangerous &

scornful

-alenga, -avangu.

pression),

kiema, laka.

TROUBLED, be (sad), v.i., kendalala, tiukwa o ntima (4).

be (worried), v.t'., finangeswa. in mind, be, v., zanginika o ntima
(4)
;

TUCK up one's cloth, v.t., vena. TUFT (of hair), n., yondo, 6 bondo,
;

6.

TUMOR,

;/.,

kingengele,
.,

5.

ntima
;

(u-)

zanganana or
o

kangama
ntima
make,
v.t.,

zangananwa

(4).

TUNE with, be in, v.i., wawana. TURKEY (bird), mpilu, 2. TURN aside, v.i., tikumuka see also vitakana & vitakesa, App.
;

zanginika o ntima.
a.,

TROUBLESOME,
-avangu.
(annoying),
.,

-ampasi, -alenga,

the face or proper side round, vilukila.

v.i. y

a.,

-anangi.

over in one's mind, kula.

v.,

laniba, di-

TROWEL, ngutu, 2. TRULY, adv., e kieleka kiau.

(it is

puzzle over, 7'., vimpita. over the surface of the

soil,

v.t.,

indeed true

that), diele e kie-

funta.
(in rotation), n., tete, 6.

leka vo.

TRUMPET,

long, straight, without

n.,

any

round,

v.t.,

yulula (Bako.)=vilula
?/.,

nkoko, 4. mouth of a, nsanza, 2. TRUNK (of tree), evimbu, 8. TRUST, n., vuvu, 6 lufiatu, 10 (P. confiar) see also nkanka, App. v. bunda e vuvu (6), nata (P.
bend,
., .,
; ;

see p. 448.

TURNS
TWIG,

(in

a task), take,
6.

tambu-

lula.
;/.,

vuya,
(of

TWINKLING

an

eye),

T/.Z.,

meso

(8)

confiar).
(entrusted),
.,

mbebe,
;

2.

-layiswa; in the twinkling of an eye, meso tulayiswa. TWIST aside, be twisted, v.i., zungu-

mutually,

v. t

bundana e vuvu.

to take anyon, adv., e kipodi, 5 thing e kipodi implies that a

muka. TYRANT, tyrannical

ngadi,
i

person,
;

.,

mbai

&4

mbangazi,

& 4.

date
fixed,

of

settlement has

been

& if the amount is paid before then no usury will be

charged.

8o 7

UDD-UPR

u.
UDDER,
yeni, 6. r.xAiui.TKRATKi),
//.,

UNFRUITFULNKSS, ;/., unlomba, 12. UNGRUDGINGLY, adv., kuna mvevo

(4)-

UNHAPPY,
u)

a.,

jtv?

itndcr ya,

be, v., kafalala, ntima (4, kafalala. UNHEARD of (strange), a., -ampi-

App.

mpita.
;/.,

UGLY

person,
n.,

mi,

4.
2.

UI.U.R,

mbenza,
.,

very large,
rodent,

evongOlia, 8. which destroys the

;/.,

nose

UNINITIATED person, ;/., nsonzolo, 2. who has not been initiated into some mystery or rite, vinga, 6. UNINTENTIONALLY, adv., e nswalala
(2).

(lupus exedens),
pi. 8.

matamba,

UNITEDLY
(12).

(together), adv., o

sangi
12.

to

assume a
v.i.,

healthy appearance, zituka.

cord,
,

UNITY

(all

intermixed),
see lelelwa,
.,

n.,

sangi,
i

UMBILICAL

//.,

luayi,
v.i.,
I

10.

UNIVERSE,

App.

UNABLE to be, lembakana

to go,

bindamwa,
be unable

UNJUST
a.,

person,
long,

mvilwa,

&

4.

shall

-avilwa.
a.,

mbindamwa
.,

UNBELIEVER,
la,3-

o kwenda. mundembi-kwiki-

UNKNOWN,
UNLAWFUL,

sec -ansi

-akinsamuna. a nkuwu (2),

;

UNBENDING (rigid), a., -antintibidi. UNCARED for (not in charge of any one), adv., nyambi (4). UNCERTAIN (untrustworthy), a., ke -bundwanga vuvu ko.
UNCLEAN,
render,
a.,

App. UNLESS, conj., nanga, nangi, nangu see also under kala, p. 287.

UNOBSERVED, slip away, v.i., vialuka.

UNOBSTRUCTED

(of

course),

a.,

-ankolomona.

-ansafu,-alembi velela.
;

?/.,

safula.

UNCLEANNESS, ;*., nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. UNCONCERN, ;/., umpavuludia, 12. UNCONSCIOUS, be, become, v., fwa e ngambu, 2. UNCONSCIOUSNESS, ;/., ngambu, 2. UNCONTROLLABLE, a., -atunimu. be, v.i., tunumika. UNCORK, v.t., kavula, saniuna. UNDENIABLE, to be, v., ke vanakana nkalu ko, ke kalakana ko.

UNPRINCIPLED person, n., mvilwa, i &4. UNRIPE (of plantain & bananas &
fruit

ing), a.,
fruit, n.,

which reddens on ripen-amfuba.

efuba.

UNSCRUPULOUS
i

person, //., mvilwa, ntwanga, 2. UNSCRUPULOUSNESS, ;/., untwanga,

&4

12.

UNDERSTAND
tonena.
(have
it

(recognise),

v.t.,

tona,

UNSOLD, remain, v.i., funta. UNTIL, adv., yasumbate; see sualso under yavana, mbate
;

App.
one),
v.t.,

dawn upon
/./.,

vu-

ngula.

lama. UNDERTAKE to do, UNDO work which had been accomv.t., pangalakesa, bwangalakesa. UNFAIR, rt.,ke -ansongi ko, -alembwa

UNTRUSTWORTHY, a., ke -bundwanga vuvu ko. UNUSUAL (extraordinary), a., -avava. UNWELL, be, v., yela.
be very, ke kala biza ko yo yela I was very unwell that day, e lumbu kina kikedi biza ko yo
;

plished,

nsongi.
plant or tree,
.,

yela. nlo-

UNFRUITFUL
mba,
4.

UPRIGHTNESS,

n.,

nsongi,

2.

(correctness), kosi, 6.

URG-VIR

(808

URGE

one not

ineffectually, v.t., kuza. to carry out his intention,

VAULT

for temporary or special intersee also ment, v., ngunga, 2

;

kulula. strongly, v.t., wondelela.

v.t.,

etekola,
4-

8,

App.

VEGETABLES (edible leaves), n., mvudi,

(garden produce),
2.

unpleasantly, v., sindikila. URINATE, v., susa.

mpati

(sing. 2)

USE, something of no,

(advantage),
n.,

n.,

ngofwila,
2.

nsengo.

ndandu,
v., see
v.t.,

be of no further,
for the first time,

funga, App. sambula.

VELVET, ;/., see mbumbulu, VERB, n., mpanga, 2.

2,

App.

funka. it was of no use, conj., nkaya-kaya. USED to, to be or become, v.i., yukwa; he was well used to French, oyukilu kikilu e kifwalansa.
up,
v.t.,

of a precipice, n., lunengananu, 10. VERSE in which some passage occurs,

n.,

VERGE

ezikila,

8.
;

USEFUL,
USELESS,
it is

.,

-amfunu.
see -a

VERTIGO, n., nzieta, 4 nziezie, 4. ) VERY, be, biza & mbot A VERY, how, i much (in no small degree), adv., ke
vevi ko.

a.,

Nzambi, App.

perfectly useless, adv., velekela.

v.t.,

fwasa, bwangalakesa, pangalakesa. useless (with age), tough or hard

render,
be, v.i.,

VESTIBULE, VEXATION,
sing.}.

n.,
.,

mvita,
nkafi,

4.

(generally

kuva.
dress,

VICEROY, VICTORY,
get the,

n.,
;/.,

nkumbi,

2.
2.

nsundidi,

-angofwila. USUAL, a., kibeni ; usual mpwata kibeni.

a.,

(waste),

v.,

lunga [be

in the right
;

might is conquer, App.

(since

right)]

see also

VIEW
to

of,

block the,
(2).

v.,

kika.

have an unobstructed,

mona

v.
VACCINATE, VACILLATE,
v.t.,

mpenza
VIGOUR,
n.,

telamiana, 9
briskly),

(ability to

v.,

nwata. ntima (4, u-) tintama

move

or simpama ( B ako. )

rkokoma
9.

reassume, v., sakumuka. VILIFY, v., yivisa.

kokomesa
VACILLATION,
n.,

o ntima.

kokoma,
6.

VACUUM,

n.,

vela,

VILLAGE, ;/., bwala, mpata-vata, 2. VILLAIN, unscrupulous,

2.

13 (Nsundi)

n.,

ntwanga,

VAGINA, n., nkenza, 2 (Bako.). VAIN, a., -avela. fellow, n., mfwanti, 2. all was in vain (in spite of all), conj.,
in (all to

VILLANY,

n.,

untwanga,
;/.,

12.
12.

VIOLENCE

(force),

balu,
2.

man

of, n.,

mfunia,

nkaya-kaya. no purpose),
flat, n.,

adv., e ngo8.

fwila.

VALLEY, broad

evoka,
a.,

VALUABLE

(of high value),

-amba-

ngadi.

by unwarranted, adv., ye nkumbi yo lulendo. VIOLENTLY, come, go, rush, of wind or rain, v.i., vikuka. VIRGIN, n., mwenze, 3 ndumba a mwenze (pi. -a mienze) see
;

VALUE, n., kimbalu, 5. VANISH, v.i., vempoka.

mwenze, App.
a.,

VAPOUR
VASE,
;/.,

bath,

n.,

futwa,
6.

6.

VIRGINITY,
5-

-amwenze. ;/., kinduinba amwenze,

bungwa,

(8o9
VISCID mass,
wonderful,
//.,

Vls-\Vi-:\

edimbu,

8. 2.
;

WANT,

continued.

VISION, seeing,

;/.,

mbweno,

mona-meso, 6 kimona-meso, 5. in a vision, adv.) e kimona-meso.

;/.,

badly (miss), 7'., mona 0r ntuka (4).

nzuwa

(4)

very much, ?'./., ziotola. but not have any chance of obtaining,
(seek),
7/./.,
7'.,

VISIT, pay a visit to,

kiyila.
(paid),
.,

v.,

kangadila,

lalwa.

sanda (Xombo).

nkangalu,
(received),

4.
.,

WARM,
nkanga-

VISITATION
VOID,
//.,

lala

dilu, 4a., -avela.

6.
.,

be (of persons), ?'., yangaused also of warm, fine weather in the rainy jww>/;.v
;

[kuma
fine

(9)

vela,

to-day,

ku-] o

it is

warm and
o

unu

kuma

VOLLEY, vumbi, 6. VOLUNTARILY, adv., kuna Vow, ., nkanikinu, 4.

zolela.

kuyangalele. WARN, v.t., tumbulwila, lubula. WARNED, be, v., lubuka.

7'., kanikina. break a, 7'., fumba e ndofi.

WARNING
(2).

teach)

(example), ., elongi, 8 (to sisa, 6 (cause fear).

;

VOYAGE

(by ship),

.,

nsauka,

2.

WARPED,
WAS,

to be, v., kandalala. were, under to be ; see also adi,

App.

w.
WAD,
.,

WASH

very thoroughly,

?/./.,

venza.

mbusia,
away,

2 (P.
v.t.,

buxa).

and lay out the dead, 7/., sunga. WASP, mason, ., mbulu-ntente, 2. WASTE away (as in sickness), v.t.
pala.
lay,
77.,

WAFT

up,

pemona, pu-

muna.
WAC.KR, ., ntela, 2. WAIL (making a great diana, wodiana.
noise),
?/.,

funka.

vo-

(squander), v.f., a sheer waste,

fumba.
.,

WASTED,
(Bako.).

wasteful,
at),

a.,

ngofwila, 2. -angofwila.
tadikila.
pi. 8.

WAKEN,
WALE,

v.f. t
.,

katumuna
;

WATCH

(look
n.,

z/.,

nzila, 4
v.,

WALK

about,
(Bako.),

mvibu, 4. beba (Bako.), kiba

(Bako.)
;

(guard),

mayingila,
v.f.,

(with evil intent),

kondelela.
2.

vema
of

be-

mbela.
catching
la.

WATCHER, watchman, ;/., nkawu, WATER- LILY, elanga, 8.

.,

hold

everything one
T./.Z'.,

weed,

.,

maladi,
12.

pi.

(Bako.)

passes, as a baby,
noiselessly,

tamba-

langi,

WATER-MARK,
7/.z'.,

high or low,

.,

j^

nianza, nienza.
walk,
;

be unable
(12,

to

Bako.)
n. t
(6).

WALL-PLATE,

v., fwa busa fwa e ekoka (8). mfumfula (4) a

yaka

zengo, 6, App. WAY of approach, mwalu, 3. to have one's way, T/., kutamina. a long way off, adv., mu vala. leave or make a way for, 7'., sila e
.,

WANDER
(prowl),

about,

t/.,

vuvuta.

nzila

(2).
?/.,

vema,
.,

lasa.

make, force a way (through),

.,

WANDERER, WANDERING,
12.

ntungianu, 4. aimless, tungianu,

9
;

teta e nzila (2) (muna). what a way to, kuna kwa mpila a what a remarkable way they
built
it

WANT,
want

;*.,

kondwa,

nkondwa,

2.

too

kuna kwa mpila

to lay

v. t

an egg or to go vilwa.

to stool,

a tunga batungidi yo.

WEAK,

a.,

-atontolo.

WEA-WHI
WEAK,
continued.

be, v., tova,

WEAK persons WEAKLING,

3
;

yova, lewoka, leuka, leoka, zewoka, lebangana.

thing,

I 3
6.
;

bel

WHAT, continued. kuna kwa nzo or kadi kuna kwa nzo inter, pron., nabwe (Bako.).
!

tu,

tontolo,
n.,

WEAKNESS,
6
;

utontolo, 12
8.

yoyelo,

WHATEVER,/^;/., kana. thing, kana lekwa. WHEEL, ;/., lungungu, 10.

tire

eyovoka,
nzila, 4
;

of a wheel

also the surface to

tire
is

WEAL,

mvibu, 4. WEAR slowly away, v.i., komoka. WEARIED, be, v.i., lewoka, leoka, leuka, zewoka, tova, yova.
;/.,

which the

applied,

;/.,

WEARISOME, be, v., tukumuka. WEARY, grow (of something), v., lukwa o moyo (3) tantwa e mpasi (pi. 2) tukumukwa. WEATHER, hot, ;/., kala, 6.
; ;

nkunkula, 4. WHEEZE, ?/./., twengenia, swengenia. WHEN... (///*) had passed, adv., baka muna...i bosi when three days had passed they
;

found him, o baka muna lumbu tatu, i bosi bansolwele.

(while), adv.,

wau.

WEEP

bitterly, v.i,

bokomoka, bokovongola

WHENEVER
you

(you, he, &c.) like, adv..

moka

ye dilu.

kiekiele
like,

profusely, v.i., vosona or e kinsanga (5).

kaka come whenever kiekiele kaka wiza.

;

WHEREFORE,
(2).

WEIGH,

v.t.,

mika.
v.,

an anchor,

vola e
2.

mbwa

(a matter), v.,

lamba, mika.
n., silu, pi. 6.

conj., diau vo, dianu VO (no appliedform needed), vo mona owu. WHETHER... or, conj., okala vo.-.ovo.

WEIGHT,

n.,

nzu,

(massiveness),

dead weight,

n., see

nsinsi,

2,
n.,

WELCOME
gladly,

of or
8.

by women,

App. emi-

kana una, kana una kana nkutu. WHILE, adv., una, wau, wau kieven, conj.,
vo,

angana,
v.t.,

men
for

while the (kolo understood) wantu. slept, wau kilele

;

sakidila.

a while

(at first), adv.,

oku ku-

WELL

(receive well), toma tambula. as possible, do as, v., babahe built it as nisa ye (&c.)
;

tukila. a little while

is expressed by the diminutive form of tlic eleventh

well as he possibly could, obabanisi yo tunga. do well (act properly), v.i., tomesa. found, be, v.i., koba.

derivative noun
the
predicate,

thus

formed from when :

little

they had been sitting a

while,
for

done wawete!
!

see

-awete, K.-Eng.,

una bafongele kimfonga-mfonga they went to eat

;

App. now, conj.,

then, con/.,

see

mpangu, App.
kansi.
10.
is,

we

a few minutes, bele dia kiN.B. No article ndia-ndia. is used before the diminutive.

WEST,

.,

lumonso,
c.)

WHAT

(I,

muna

ki

WHIM, ;/., WHIRL,

ntiti, 4.
;

see

kimona, kivova, kilembi, kiwa, kimbalu, muna ki-,

App.
(wonder, scorn or ridicule
implied),

nzieta, 4 rapidly in the air

;/.,

nziezie, 4.
(of

something
5

great),

v.i.,
//.,

vikuka.
kinziongololo,

WHIRLPOOL,
(Bako.).
;

a
tu,

kuna kwa see kuna kwa

;

kadi
!

WHIRLWIND,
WHISPERING,
viziku,

;/.,

kimbonga,

5.

also nki-

the sound
pi. 6.

of, n.,

viziku-

ngu, App.

oh,

what a house

Sir

WHI-WON
v.i.,

WHISTLE,
to whistle,

.,

v.,

miozi, pi. 3 (Bako.). ta miozi (Bako.), sika

WILTKR,

tukuka.

e miozi.

WIN (in gambling), v.i., vola. WIND the loose end of one's loin-cloth
round the waist, or vinda o nlele
about,
strong,
v.i.,
;/.,

wind among the branches of pukuta. wooden, ., nsiya, 2. WHOLE, the, invimba, following
(as
trees), v.i.,
.,

v.t.,

kainina

(4).

binduzioka. tembo, 6 (Bako.).

-ainpiolo.

the noun, but without article or

WINDING,
be,
v.i.,

.,

prefix;

will

buy the whole

piece, e tini kio.

mvimba nsumba
n., see

viongoloka, vioteka. make, v.t., viotakesa.

WHOLEHKARTKDNESS,
App.

etima,

WINDINGS about, ;/., mbinduzioka, 2. WINDMILL (toy made of feathers on

a spindle),
n.,

etita,
2.

8.

(diligence), sungididi, 6.

WINDOW,
(4).
(6).
5.

;/.,

mbonani,

(readiness),

mvevo
adv., e
n.,

(4)

a ntirna

WHOLESALE,

bundu

WHOOPING

cough,

kivunda,
is
!

WHY?
that

edi? inter/., anki; why, here he olueke

inter. pron.,
!

wa

WINE-PRESS, //., ekaminu nyo (2). WIRE, n., nzwenge, 2. WISH, nzola, 2.
.,

(8)

dia vi-

anki

(craving, taste),

.,

kilizola-nzola,

5.

is why, adv., e llkete nki or e bila kiaki (with the appl.

WISHFUL, be very, v., viangalwa or zinwa o moyo (3) or ntima (4) moyo or ntima (u-) viangala
or zina; see also desire

form}.

&

App.

WIDEN,
WIFE,
the

v.i.,

sanzana.

WITCH-DOCTOR, be
App.
#.,

instructed in the
of, v.t.,

2, see
first

nkama,

4,

art

and mystery
from
(re/I.}.

yilwa.

man

marries,

nkaza

WITHDRAW
ngesa

society, v.,

kuke-

(i)

a toko

(6).

demand a wife in who has died,

give a wife,

the place of one

v.t.,

unobserved,

tomesa. as above, v.t., toma.

-ayezi.
5.

WITHER,

v.i.,

v., kuvava. tukuka.

WILD WILE

(fierce), a.,
>/.,

WILDNESS,

kiezi,
;/.,

& dry up, v.i., wuminina. WITHOUT, see ya, App. WITS, mamoni, pi. 8.
.,

(pretext),

lumpeso,
pi. 7.

10.

(stratagem), rnana,
.,

WILFULNESS, nyenge-nyenge, obstinacy, nkumfu, 4.

4.

WILL

(all in

due course), future, aux.

kuzolela,
.,

have one's wits about one, v., yanza (Bako.), luenga. keep your wits about you, velesavelesa e ngangu zeno; see velesa, App.

v.,

singa.
n.,

strong,

9.

WOE, ;/., WOMAN,

(4)

tatu,

6.
//.,
(
i

a young,

(testament),
(one's

nkanda
;

efwa

(8).

mwana

nkento-nkento, a nkento.
;

own inclination, way), kiakankamba, 5 they have left him entirely to his own will, bavwidi kunyambwila e kiakankamba. WILLED, be strong, v., kuzolela.
WILLING, be
(ready),
(4).
,

WOMANKIND,

;/., kento, 6 womankind and mankind (the whole population) were assembled, e

kento ye kiakala balungwa

kwau.

WONDER,
v.,

a,

;/.,

nkumbi,

nku-

v.,

vevola

ntima
ntima.

willing be, to

v.,

vevolwela o

ngulu, 4. lembi-o sivika; I wonder much that you went, ndembi yo sivika e ngyenda wele.

WON-YOK
WONDER,
at, v.,

812

continued.

WOULD
v.i.,

that

conj.,

kumiina.
cry
see
of,

kala or kele vo
kululuka,
to

kele vo, kadi with subj.

kadi,

to utter a

fut. indef.

kumba.
what

God
.,

inter/.,

Nzambi

vuvana, App. whether, v., badika vo kana; he wondered whether he will come, obadikidi vo kana okwiza; we wonder whether he is alive, tubadikanga vo kana wina The simple ejaculation Tina.
,

v.t.,

under mbula, App. WOUND, ndwadi, 2 (cut). WOVEN entire throughout, -ankuhave
to, see

also

.,

ba.

WRANGLE,

v. t

zekana, bambana.

WRECK (destroy), v.t., bwangalakesa^

(devastate),

in the first person is expressed kana ; by the interjection

pangalakesa. fwantakesa.
man),
6.
.,

wa

WRETCH (bad
6
;

baza, 6

tuzu y

wonder
him,

whether

we

shall

tema,

catch

wa kana
of
8
;

tuku-

mbaka.

WOOD,

felled, n., see

nsola, App.

WRETCHED, become, v.i., boloka. WRETCHEDNESS, nkangu (4) ntima (4)

.,

a,

decayed

piece

woodwork,

n.,

WRIGGLE

(as eels), v.t.,

votana.
niongota,.

ewombolo,
house,
.,

this is a rotten

crawl (as maggots),

v.t. t

ewombolo dianzo diadi. mbobo (2) a nti (4). WOODPECKER, \VOOF, n., nkayikwa, 2.

niunguta (Bako.). WRINKLE, n., nswiku, 4. WRITE, v., vianga.

distinctly, v.t.,

WORK,
hard,

v.t.,

sadika.
4.

tumbula
v.i.,
.,

n.,

mfuntu,

WRITHE

(as eels),
style of,

o soneka, votana.
8.

hard and as well as possible at, v., vangalela. have a great deal of hard, v.i., futuka (Bako.), funtuka. quickly, briskly, v.t., salamiana. have the trouble of work in the
sun,
v.,

WRITING,

esoneka,

WRONG, n., vilwa, 12. WRONGFUL, a., -avilwa;

see

also-

-asungu, App. (for nothing), a., -ankatu. WRONGFULLY should be used adjecto suffer wrongfully, tivally e mpasi zankatu.
:

wuinwa

mwini

(3).

mona.

WORKING
be,
v.i.,

order, set in,

v.t.,

lumpika.
mfuzi,

lumpama.
skilled, clever, n.,

WORKMAN,
2,

App.
be,
v.t'.,

Y.
tuntana, tokama.

WORRIED,
be,
v.i.,

through having

many

duties,

zumbuluka.
tuntanisa, tokeka.

WORRY,

v.t.,

(of business), n.,

lunzumbulu,

10.

(care), n., songololo, 6. WORSE, become, v.t., see

under voza
8.

YEAST, ., ebo, 8. YELL, v.i., kaluluka, yabala. YET, to be, v., kini, v. defective, perf. only they have not yet come, ke bakini kwiza ko they are yet in the house, bakini kuna
;

also vaza,

App.
of, n.,

nzo.

WORSHIP,

place

esambilu,
5.

WORTH,

;/.,

kimbalu,

consider worth while, o moyo (3).

v.,

vevokwa

adv., yanginu, yakinu; see oku mpe, App. not yet, adv., yakinu ke...ko; ka... ete ko (Bako.).
(still),

WORTHY,
of, v. t

be, v., fwanuka. fwanukina.

(in protesting), conj.,

watu.
vene).

be, v., see

fwanwa, App.

YIELD YOKE,

(fruit), v.t.,

va
6.

(perf.

n.,

vangu,

YOU-ZEA
:'OUNG man,
fine,

handsome,

n.,

mvoZEAL,

yongo (4) a etoko. woman, mvoyongo a ndumba.

XCI.ST, the,
;/.,

z.
//., sungididi, 6 swi-swi, 6.
;

fululu, 6

see

nsakila,

pi. 2,

(passion), eketo,

8.

App.
(child), a.,

-ansuka.

(wholeheartedness), etima, 8. ZEALOUS, be, ?'., sia e sungididi or

YOUTH

(youthfulness), ;/., toko, 6. of about 15 or 16 years of age,

fululu; sungama, vela-vela, sia e etima.

for, be,
z/.,

luntoko-toko,

10.

sia...e

etima

(8).

ADVANTAGE, ndandu, BULK, evimbu, 8.

.,
.,

2.

FACE
FLESH

to

face,

adv.,

mambonani
nitu,
. .

(pl. 7).

CATCH, v., see also batidila, App. CHAMPION, ebamba-ngolo, 8. CHASM, //., ngengengo, 2. CHEAT, ?/./., vunina.
.,

(of the body),

.to.
. .

.,

2.
. .

FROM

. .

prep.,

yamu.
;

ya.

(with

future time only] from age to age (for ever) yamu invu ya

COMMENCE,
DECIMAL,
;/.,

?/./.,

toteka.
2.

mvu.

desima,

LACK

of energy or diligence in one's

work or duty, ;/., lele, 6. display such luck, v. t sia e lele.

APPENDIX
TO

KONGO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
N.B.

The

sign

indicates that the

word already appears

in the Dictionary, but that

it.

which

follows

is

a further sense or usage of

A.
-a,

a-, continiced.

mamosi
ndi,
it is

the

diau adimosi kwasame muna mvu

;

bearing the prefixes of scries applied to secondary adjectives is used to introduce a noun in
It is really the a apposition. which introduces the adjectival
clause, see pp. 561-2, the

mian amimosi,

during those very'same years. The forms are

given in the table at the foot of

P> 573-

Adi -Km impersonal

noun

in apposition thus appearing as an adjectival clause : o Nlemvo wa ese andi (w* es' andi) a

defective verbal particle, predicating a condition which once existed but does so

no longer.
personality
the
tion
is

When

thus used

expressed before

Kikudi, Nlemvo, the father of

Kikudi; e diambu diadi diainbote kikilu, dia ngiza andi, it is a very good thing, his coming
;

noun indicating the condiby the pronominal paradi

PI.
i

ticles following

Sing.

ona tunina

o lukulu, lua

Person

I.

tu

luloloko lua

by

whom we

masumu meto, have redemption,

II.

nu

The yd pers. sing, and pi. require

110

the forgiveness of our sins.

a- prefaced or prefixed to the secondary numerals in the singular,

one and the same, a single when expressing surprise, nmna

;

lumbu akimosi,

in the
;

same

day or a single day muna nzo ayimosi, in one single house. in the sing, or pi., and in that case
preceded by -au, the same, idenThis tical, those very same.
is

a more correct spelling than that given on p. 247 ; man amamosi rather than mawa

i fwa, I adi u muntu ambote, you were once a good man adi mpofo, he was once blind adi tu akwa umvwama, we were once rich adi nu mfumu za nsi, you were once the chiefs of the country adi abue ndu, they were once slaves nzila eyina adi nzila a Mboma, that used to be the road to Mboma e nsi zau ezole adi nsi zimosi, those two countries were once one (united).

such particle; adi

;

was dead

ADI-BAD
adi

816

becomes a defective verb by receiving the same prefixes of the first class as a verb in the

Ana,

continued.

lumbu
" er
"
"

the town

ana, when we reached " " er we went

past

tense, and so serves as an alternative of the verb " to be " in predicating a condition once

"er"
er.'
:

to the chief's

compound

Anazie, adv.,

see anizie,
I

App.

existing but no longer so; was,

Anga,

were once have, been but not now.

;

has,

had

only used in interrogative sentences.

fl?/(/.=nga
it is
;

The pre-

fixes of classes 2-15 are seldom so applied, the impersonal form

is used instead ; kolo king! kiavioka twadi makangu, a

Anizie, adv., all round, on all sides bezidi kunzieta anizie, they surrounded him on every side.

Anki, inter j., why when used as an interj.; anki, olueke why here
!

long while ago (but not now).

-adi
is

we were

friends

he
Are,
2,

is

11.,

an

used also as a defective aux. verb in speaking of some event which will surely come about,

-awa mosi,

are, 100 sq. metres. see a-, App.

aWO WO, dem. and rel. pron., cl. i,pl., 2nd pos. emph., those, those
who, who, they.

and

is
;

translated by

would

ozeye

wo kwandi

should, se
that

wadi bakama, he knew

he would be caught, adi thus used indicates certainty ; where

there is -uncertain fyT&.'w&would
be used
;

B.
Ba,
6, n.,

before

vava -adi, while not, vava kadi fwa, before

he died.

a parallelogram, any pattern of that shape, the pieces in a

quilt.

Aka,

adv., see

kaka, App.
Ba,
to

patchwork
6, n. (Bako.),

-aka, see under K. App.

sting.

-akwa,

of,

when referring
locality.

a town

ba-, subj.

&> obj.pronom.,
i,
;

pref., 3 fers.

or

Jizu akwa Nazaret, Jesus of Nazareth aleke akwa Kindinga, the Kindinga
;

pi., cl.

they see also the 3rd table on p. 578 of the Grammar.

6, n.,

nkento akwa Ngombe, the Ngombe woman.

children
;

an intense desire. to be intensely desirous. Babanisa, v., to do well, to do one's

Baba,

fwa e baba,

amethyst. Ametiste, 2, Ana, a particle used where there

.,

very best
is

toma babanisa
well.
?),

VOVa, speak

real or " " er ; affected, as in English it is used also at the end of

hesitation

in

speech,

Babatu,

2,

(P.

colour

strips cloth.

sewn on the end of

to

clauses or sentences as

a shapely

Babidika,

v.t.,

cause to dry
for

finish off; indeed, some speakers at San Salvador will em-

mud, gum, c.). Babidila, v., to hold up the hand

paint,

ploy

every 5 or 6 words. No meaning can be attacJied to it; it is merely to fill the hiatus of
it

cause people to abstain from approaching. Babu, 6, n., a flat piece, a slab, a
tablet.

silence or to

posity,

pommore than a bad habit. Una tulueke ana kun' evat' ana, twele ana ku
affected

hesitancy, or

an

and

is little

BaTmla,

v.t.,

to roast.
,

Badika vo kana
whether
;

v.,

to

wonder

obadikidi vo

I'.AI.

MAN

Badika vo kana, continued. kana wele, he wondered whether he was gone.

Badila, v.t., to scold, speak angrily rebuke strongly.
to,

Baltlla, continual.

ekwa obalwidi? how much you make it ?

Balumuna, v.t., Bamba, v., to
to be

do-

to spread out. hold out resolutely,,

Baika,

v.i. (Bako.), to be, get, become This "verb serves as caught. a middle voice 0/~baka,to catch

very persistent in one's opinion, be very opinionated.

Bambamena,

(as

taika does of teka, to

sell).

E nkombo ame ibaikidi kwa ngo, my goat has been caught

by a leopard. baika maketo, to get angry, baika nkole, to get captured. Baka e ntangwa (2), v., to have an
opportunity.
o

v.t., to be encumbered, hindered (from something), to be shut in or up, blocked, prevented by something or some

circumstance.

Bambana,

v.

recip.,

to

discuss

to-

gether very obstinately, strongly, to strive together in hot discussion.

baka muna...

bosi, adv., when...

after,

Bambisisisa,

v.t.,

cans,

of

bambato
re-

had passed,

munalumbu

on baka tatu i bosi ba;

mena.

Bambukwa
Bambula
Banda,
o

moyo

(3),

v.,

nsolwele, after found him.

days

they

member.

moyo

(3), v.t., to

remind.

explanation, sense, preface (to a book). Bakana, v., to get on, agree well to6,
;*.,

Baka,

v.t.

(Bako.)=wanda.
v./.+to be very hard of
to begin, commence. to be added further,

Bandama,
Bandama, Bandama,
Bandana,

hearing.
v.t.,
v.i.,

gether, to live in a state of har-

mony, concord and peace, be on good terms. Bakana, v., to catch up the other (when one is following to catch okalokala baup someone)
;

put on the top.

v. recip., to

beat or pound
in

at the

same time
only

(spoken
people],

of

one mortar or more

top,
to-

bakanini, at length the other one caught up.

Bakila, Bakilu,
v.t.,

to sell (flesh) retail.

Bandika, v.t., to put on the add further.

6, n.,

skill,

a means of obtaining, ease, in getting or catching.

(2),

Bandila, v.t., to stow, pack closely, shake down closely.

-abakuka,^.,strong,loud (of the voice).

Bakula

ndinga

v.,

to

speak

with a long, strong voice, to raise the voice.

Bakwila,
Bala,
v.t.,

v.t.,

to sell (flesh) retail. to kick.

bando, gang], estate, e bandu a toko i kena, he is what you would style a young man. Banduka, v.i., to be tired of yaba(P.

Bandu,

2, n.

condition

to think.
v.t.,

nduka
I

kunlonganga
house

aka,,

Bala

e kinsi (5),
6,
!
.

am
6,

tired of teaching him.

//.

Bala-bala,

(Bako.), a child.

Banga,
!

Balanganza
Balu,

inter}.,

snap

crack

walls

(as of a trigger).
12, n., violence, force,

having the ribs of Raphiavinifera(ebanga). Trad-

+a

made

of the

mid

kuna
Balllla,

balu, adv., by violence, force.

v.t.,

ing factories are often so constructed hence banga came to

;

by

to reason, discuss point point ; also to bring out a

be the name for plank houses on the coast, or any attempt at

imitation of them by the natives.

total of, to

make an amount

of;

BAN-BES
Bangala,
v.i.,

818

to

be excessively high
to

Baya, continued.
piece (not of wood, which would

(of a price).

Bangala, Bangalala,
hell).

v.i.,

be tormented,
tortured

in
(in

torment,

Banganisa,
Bangazi,
6,

v.t.,

to persecute, torment,

torture.
;/.,

a tyrannical, brutal

fellow, a tyrant. Bangidika, v.t., to torment, torture.

be ebaya, 8). (P. bainha), n., the border, edging on a cloth. bayi a kindele, the selvedge. Baza, v.i., to scatter (of shot). Baza, v.t., to scold. Baza, 6, ;/., a very bad person, a scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,
Bayi,
2, n.

Bangidika
Bangika,

ntalu
to

(2), v.,

to raise

brute.

price excessively.
v.t.,

Beba
torture,

torment,

(Bako.), v.i., to walk about, stroll, travel about, journey, swim (as

persecute.

a fish), blow (as the wind).

to

Bangumuka,

v.i.,

come

to the sur-

Bebwa,
Befo,
6,

face of the earth.

v.i. (Solongo), to drift with the current.

;/.,

Bangumuka, Bangumuna,

v.i.,

to be added up. v.t.+\.o bring about a

a
6,

lip.

Bekenge,

n.,

radical, utter, change (in a man). As this may be for good or bad,
it

fragile,

easily very delicate.

6,
n.,

anything very frail, torn or broken,

is

unless
clear.

necessary to state which, the context makes it

se

Beko,

a separate, more private,

adv., privately, secretly.

safe, place.

kuna beko,
mbi
(4),

"bangumuna
or bi

of persons,

(12),

of tilings, to corrupt,
(3)

va"beko, aside, separately, -abeko, adj., apart, private, secret,

safe.

make bad. "bangumuna se mote

or muntu i ( ) ambote, ofpersons, or lekwa kiambote, of a thing, to bring about a great change for the
good, greatly improve.
v.t.,

Bela, 6, n., a part, piece. e bela-bela (6), adv., in pieces, to kibakilu e pieces, to shreds
;

bela-bela,

it is

Bangumuna,
sum.
J3anza,
v.

to

add

up, take the

Belengenze, 6, ;/., tery ware or glass which is very fragile, too slightly made.

torn to pieces. something of pot-

ne banza vo, as though, as

though
(it)

if,

as

Bemba, 6, Bembeka,

//.-f-a
v.t.,

herd, drove.
to place in a

handy

were.
;/.

Basia

(P. basia), 2,

position, where things are well to hand, hence where any one

vana

a basia, to present with one's freedom.

o
(4)
v.t.,

nkanda

BenVbela,

can get at or take them. v.t., walk or stroll about.

v.t.,

Batakesa,

to obtain further, get

Bembola,

to despise, disesteem,

...more.

disrespect.

Batakesa, v.t., to get, acquire, procure some more. Batalala, t/.+to be low and spreading, to

Bendomoka,

to be crooked, v.i., turned aside, perverted, changed for bad.

v.t., to make crooked, turn aside, pervert, change for the bad, seduce, lead wrong.
2, n.,

Batidila,

be squat. to go at the proper time and catch or meet (not at any chance time).
v.t.,

Bendomona,

Beril,

Baya,

6, n. (P.

taboa),aplate, slab (not very large), a solid or entire

Besama,

v.i.,

beryl. to be in great

numbers,
plentiful.

abound, be numerous,

Beseka, v.t., to cause to abound. Beta, ?'./., to exceed, surpass, do more (in giving, working, &c.), have more.
Betela, i betela kiki, it is befitting, becoming, this accords.

Bindakana (kwa),
obliged, to

continued.

(to), be much have some matter or business which 'one feels under obligation to give prior

great obligations

attention.

-abindama,
ible.

a.,

important, indispensto change, alter,

Biandungula,
hydrogen,

6,

;/.,

sulphuretted
offensive

very
to

Bindama, +?'./.,
different,

be

eructation.

Biangumuna,
away,
Biaula,//.
row.
5,

?'./.,

induce
;/.

seduce, draw another man's

&c., of a palaver or e ndinga au language only ibindamene, their language is

;

wife to leave him.

different,
;

i.e.,

is

locked up, ob-

(Bako.), noise, clamor,

scure e diambu se dibindama, the palaver takes a different

form, assumes a different aspect.

an abundance, a great //., crowd, quantity, number, mass. Bidikita, inter]., the noise of gallopBidi,
6,

Bindamwa,

ing buffaloes,

c.,

or tramping

men.
Bietula,//.
5,
.

through have incurred responsibilities which it

v.i.,
,

to

be

in fix
,

to be unable to

to

(Bako.), chaff, banter.

|

is

impossible to perform.
>

Bila, 6, n., reason, cause, purpose. e bila, con/., because, for, so that.

Bmdumuka, Bindumuka e
Binduzioka,

v.,

to

take
oath,

ndofi
to

(2),

an

e bila kiaki (with applied form\ therefore, that is why, for this

to swear.
v.i.,

wind about.

reason.
e bila

ye ebandu, because,

for this

reason.

Biondomoka, ?'./.= bendomoka, App. Biondomona, 7/./.=bendomona, App. Bita, 2, 11. (P. bento, holy}, a mark of
of a cross.

ke bila ye ebandu ko, not without

cause or reason.
Bila, v.i. (Bako.), to boil. "2JL 1 ^&f\ Bilama, v. (mid. i>. of bidika), to abound, be abundant. Biluka, v.i., to be well conversant or

Biza,

ke biza ko, what a lot there was, &c. e nti, ke biza ko, what
!

ye or

informed.*?;- acquainted (with yo), to know well how

;

(to=yo), be well up (in=yo) obilukidi ye Kifwalansa, he was well up in French. Biluluka, v.t., to be or turn red.
Bilungi,
2, n.

a lot of trees there are. ke kala or -ina biza ko yo (&c.), followed by an infinitive or abstract noun, how very was ke kikedi biza ko ...not
,

yo nene, how very big

it

was,

(Angola), the devil.

v.,

Bimba

to tie closely together horizontal bamboo laths

(e nzo),

what a great thing it was. ke kala or -ina biza ko yo yela, to be very ill or unwell kakedi biza ko yo yela, he was very far from well how ill he was.
;

on the inner part of the walls

of a house.

Bobalala,

v.i.

(Bako.)=zowalala.
only).

Bimbakana, v., to embrace. Bimuka, v.i., to be heavily laden or

burdened.

bobo (Bako.)=wowo. Bobobo, 6, n., cruelty (in beating

Bokelesa, v.t., to call for (something to be brought, or people, &c.,

to come).

Bimuna, v.t., to load heavily. Bindakana (kwa), z/./.+to be under

Boko,

6, n.,

cry, shout.

BOK-BUK
Bokola,
v.i. t

820)
Bu, continued.
his house on the understanding that he would do the same for

to

be pendulous, hang
(of the breasts).
v.i.)

down low

Bokomoka ye
terly.

dilu,

to

weep

bit-

me.
a very offenbu-, prefix applied by the

bokoto

(pi. 6), adv.) in

sive, stinking condition.

nouns
sing*

&

Bakongo
pi.

to

concording words of

Bolama, v.i., to stand upon its or one's head or hang head downwards, hang down. Boleka, v.t., to stand (a thing) head downwards or upon its head. Boloka, T/./.+ to become filthy, abject,
wretched.
Bolola, 7/./.+defile, degrade.

classes 12 sing,

and

&* 13

bu

(Bako.) = OWU or
v.i.

wau.
lie

Buba,

(Bako.)=bufa (App.)
v.i.,

Bubalala,

to

(of

something

great).

Bubalala,

v.i.,

to be dark, benighted,

ignorant.

Boma, Boma, Boma,

12, n. (Bako.), fear.

v.t.

(Bako.)--bama. also v.i., to burn, be burnt to be well cooked, not burnt or underdone. Bombola, v.t., to put on an edging. Bomona, v.t., to burn up, burn to
;

Bubi, 12, n. (Bako.)=bi, wiyi, Bubidi, 6, n., darkness (mental),

norance, secrecy.

ig-

Oku bubidi,

adv., in the dark (con-

cerning a matter), without knowledge, in secrecy, secretly, covertly.

ashes.

Bonda

soothe (a child). a plumed tuft. Bosalala, v.i.) to be absolutely in subjection, be governed with a firm
v. (Bako.), to
6,
.,

Bondo,

Bubidika, v.t., to put or lay down (of something great). Bubidika, v.t., to darken, render dark,

hand.
Boselela,
v.t.

Bubika, v.t., one in

benighted, ignorant. to curve (the legs) beside

sitting on the ground. v.i., to escape secretly,

(root,

bosa, to crush],

Bubumuka,
to run

to exercise lordship over,

have dominion over, exercise the supreme power over, govern or

rule with a firm hand.
;

away without letting any one know of one's intentions so

as to avoid

some

evil.

Bosi, adv., just

i

bosi kakwiza, he has just come. bosi S6, now at length, now at last.
v.t.)

Budidisa, Budikila,

v.t.,
v.i.,

to frustrate.

to be about to

do or

accomplish, but have something, come to prevent it, be frustrated

(I
;

Boteka,

to plunge the

head

into

mvovo
to

ubudikidi,

water.

Botoka, v.t. (Mboma) =katuka, p. 290. Bu, 6, n.) a service rendered which is to be repaid in kind thus if a friend helps a woman to hoe an acre of ground, she owes a debt
;

say so, but) something occurred to prevent

the expression.

was going

of service until she has helped her helper to hoe another acre
of hers

nza vati e bu kiame unu, come and do a bit of

;

Budikila, v.i., to have the water flow in through the walls during a storm e nzo ame ibudikidi,the water is coming into my house. Bufa, v.t., to lower (a price), to sell at a low (price).
;

Bufu-bufu,

12, n.,

bluntness.

hoeing in
will

my

field

to-day,

Buka,

v.t.,

to have... flowing, to flow

;

do the same
;

other day

andi

e.

for you anngyele fuka e nzo bu, I went and roofed

with

e disti

diandi dibukidi
flowing,

menga, blood was

from his eye.

BUK-BUW
ta

muna,
v.i.,

v.i.,

to flow from.
in

Buka, Buka,

to

come

a great crowd.

Bunda-mpambu, continued. vana bunda - mpambu twele

kunkika, we went to meet him where the road branches. Bundamena, v.t., to mass together
for,

v.t.,

to scratch the surface of

the ground with a hoe. talala, v.i., to cast oneself upon one's face, to fall on one's face
(intentionally),

be turned face
c.)

for,

against, to club together unite for (some purpose),

e

or mouth (of a jug, wards.

ilala,
i>. t.

down-

attack in force.

Bundana
e

vuvu

(6),

i>.,

to

have mu-

(Bako.), to make use of obscene execrations.

v.t.,

tual confidence, trust.

(6), adv., all together, all put together, in bulk, wholesale. Bundukina, v.i., to be a slave of, to,

bundu

Bukamena,

to envelop,

enshroud

bukamena
Bukidika,

(as darkness, ignorance, &c.). e futwa (6), to take

a
e

or through,

steam, vapour bath.

v.t.,

bundukutu,
state.

adv., in a very dusty

to

to put

down

face or
(a

mouth downwards, put

bler, Scc.)

tum-

Bundumuka,

v.i.,

be diffused
v.,

(of

Bukolo,

12, n.,

upside down. (Bako.), disobedience.

an odour).

Bundumuna e nsunga (2),

an odour
.

to cause

Bukwila, v.i., to sell (liquids) retail. Bula e eyanga (8), v., commit an
offence.

to diffuse

itself.

bula-kati, adv., equally (of division),

in half.

Bunga, v.t.+ destroy. Bunga, 12, (Bako.)=nya, App. Bunga, v.t. (Bako.), to give, bestow,
used only in a complaint that

Bulana,

be divided, in a state of division, be divided into parv.i.,

to

a thing is not given kumbungidi ma nkutu ko, you did

;

ties.

Bululula,

v.t.,

to divide

up again.
;

Buma,

smite or strike with T/./., to something great or sickness umbumini o yela, he smote

me anything (waste a thing on me). Bungu, 8, ;/. (Bako.), reason, motive=:

not give

ebungwa, App.
nkia bungu
reason.
(Bako.), why, for

what
shed

him with

sickness.

Bumba,

Bu.mbu.la,

or seize by force. grope about (in the dark or as a blind man).

v.t.,

to take

Bungula,

f./.

+ to

pour

forth,

v.i.,

to

forth.

Bumi,

12,

n.

(Bako.), fish
to

poison=
(of

wimi.

Bungwa, 6, n., a vase, jar, pot. Buni (Bako.), conj., then, well buni twenda kweto, let
then.

then

us go

Bumvalala,

v.i.,

be protuberant

the forehead, lips, &c.).

Bunkuta
Busa,

12,

;/.

(Bako.), fear.

Bunda, 6,

a partnership in trapping. leka e bunda (yo), v., to enter into such a partnership (with). Bunda, v.t., to make a slave raid, to
//.,

raid for slaves.

Bunda

vuvu

(6), v.,

to

impose con-

walk or use one's legs at all. fwa busa, to be unable to walk, to be very backward in walking. Butika nua (4), v., to be silenced. Butukulu, 6, n., a sphere, anything
12, n. (Bako.), inability to

fidence, trust.

spherical.

ke -bundwanga vuvu ko, p., uncertain,

Butukulu,

untrustworthy.
6,
n.,

6, (Bako.), the nature, natural condition or habit.

.

Bunda - mpambu,

the point
off
;

Buwa

ntima

(4), v.i.,

to relax one's

where two roads branch

hardness,

quarrelsomeness,

Buw-DiA-

<

822

Buwa

o ntima, continued.
sternness,
severity,

become

Dasidika, v.t., to satisfy. e de (6), adv., just the same=dedede,

p. 259.

agreeable.

Buzie,

(Bako.), littleness, the being too small. -abuzie, a. (Bako.), small, too small.
12,
11.

Debola,

v.t.,

to take a very little at a to be jerked. to jerk.

time.

Bwakuku,

the fungus of dry rot, also that which destroys the

6, n.,
11.

Dedangana, v.i., Dedangesa, v.t.,

ment
Deka,
v.i.,

Deka-, ioof the standards of measure(e.g.

palm-tree.

dekameta= deca-

Bwala,

(Nsundi), town, village. Bwanduka, r/.z'.=banduka. Bwangalakesa, v.t., to destroy, ren13,

meter = 10 metres).
out, rise, of the a spark, sparkle used only of small points of

to

come

stars, shine as

der useless,

nullify, spoil,

wreck.
di-

Bwanguna,

v.t.,

to cut off

a piece,

light.

vide by cutting right through, seldom used of anything 'which

is

Dekola,

?/. + to take a very anything) at a time.

little

(of

not hollow.
v.t.,

Dekozioka,

v.i.,

to

be

constantly

Bwasumuna,
Bwazi,
12, n.

to talk

on endlessly,
o

nibbled.

expatiate.

main

(Bako.)=wazi. Bwe, 6, n.. one who falls. bwe kia malavu (8^/.), a wretched
drunkard, a slave to drink.

se dekozioka, the feeling of cramp, weakness, &c., in the legs after a long sickness is

thus expressed

the legs are

being nibbled.
Desi-, the tenth part of the standards of measurement (e.g., desimeta.

Bwembwena,
bers,

v.i.,

to

abound,

be in great numbe numerous,

fall

plentiful.

= decimetre = Y(,
2, n.,

of a metre/.

Bwidila, v.t. (Bako.), to pounce, seize upon.

upon,

Desima,
di-, see

a decimal.

note at

commencement

of E,

Bwimi,
Bwita,

12,

n.

(Bako.),

meanness,
-fa.-,

App.
formative prefix of the reflexive

stinginess.
v.i.

form
have one's
o

in all tenses.

ntima

n-) bwita, to thirst slaked.

(4,

Nzambi wadikalanga kuna ezulu, God is in heaven.

;

Bwitalala, v.i., to be darkened, become, made dark. Bwiti, 12, n. (Bako.), honey. Bwitidika, v.t., to darken, make dark. Bwitidilwa, v.i., to be benighted, belated.

-adi, v., defective

see tinder
is

A.

edi -ina diau, this (I) think that.

edi

(my) opinion,
think then
c.
;

una diau ? do you

edi-...VO, prcf. applied to pers. pro-

nouns, ediame, ediau,

I,

Bwivi,

12,

;/.

(Bako.)=wivi.

they, &c., thought that

edieto

vo bakama
thought
caught.
that

tubakama, we we should be
didi,

D.
Danda, v.i., to be full. Dandisa, v.t., to fill. Dasanana, v.i., to be
ated.

edi

ndenda kuvangila aka

this is all that
I

can do for you.

Diabonda, 7, n., sweetheart. Diadi dina VO, conj., since, forasmuch

as.

satisfied,

sati-

ediaka mpe, conj., then too. ye diaka diaka, conj., again

(in

diaka mpe, continued.

discourse),
in

Dikalala,

v.i.,

to

be

in

the next place,

fect silence

&

stillness,

a state of perbe stag-

secondly,

& further. When

and
?

used
lies

nant.

suspiciously
tively,

interroga-

what then
all this ?

what

Dikaya, 7, //., old & sour palm wine. Diki (pi. meki), 7, ;/. (Kib.),an egg.
Dikila,
v.t., to graft a scion into a tree (the object of the verb is see the tree, not the scion
;

behind

Diambu, 7, //., -(-opinion. e diambu -ina diau,

i

this is

(my)

opinion. diambu didi

ngina dian,
ludi,
it

this is

dika, App.). Dikita, v.i., to run

great).

(of

something

my
e

opinion.
is

diambu yamu
clear,
it is

quite

Dikula,

deed
true.

it

very certain, true inwas, it was only too

to reckon, calculate, v.t., think over, put all the facts together, give full consideration.
v.t.,

Dikulula,

to feed over again, to

;

walekela, a respectful preamble for the commencement of an address. landa o mambu (pi. 7), v. to tort

omu diambu oko

see dika, App. graft in again Dikumuka, v.i., to start up or off,

run rush away, be frightened away, be aroused or awake with

ture.

start,
(4,

be

startled.

mambu, nkama ya nsambu a mbumba, the countless things. kosi, kutatu ova kati e diambu
o
;

ntima

spasm

u-) dikumuka, a slight of the heart (supposed to

dina ko (proverb), there must be some reason for all this ///. one & three, but there is
;

something between.

Dianu

VO, conj., therefore.

The ap-

pliedform is not required when dianu or diau is thus combined with vo.)
Diatidila,
v.,

be the result of being mentioned by some one far away). Dikumuna, v.t., to startle & cause to run, waken with a start. Dilwa, 6, n., tasty stuff to eat with one's bread or kwanga, whether meat or vegetable.

Dima,

to

ram

tightly (by

any

pi. 6, n., stain, dye, colouring matter, ink. Dima, v.t., to catch hold of.

means).

Diau vo= dianu vo, App.

Diawa

dimosi, see -a, App. Dia-yuma, 6, n., a great eater, a glutton.

Dima, v.t., borrow at interest. Dimbu, 6, sia e dimbu, v., to take note
.

of

(mentally). Dimbuna, v.t., to choose, select.

Diba,

6, n.

(Bako.)=diya.

Dimisa,

v.t.,

lend at interest.
(5) (Kib.), v., to kill

Didima, v.i., to thunder, make a thundering noise. Diekomoka, v.i., to laugh heartily.
Diela,
7,
.,
;

Dimuna kintodi

pour the blood of a victim over a corpse.

human
in farin-

cunning,
intelligence,

cleverness,

Dindusu,
Dingika,

7,;/.

(Bako.),
to

lumps

sense
of

mind.

aceous food.
v.t.,

Diele (pres. pcrf. of kwenda+^ri/:

cl.

restrain,

keep

still,

7 sing.).

delay, check, impede, stop.

diele e kieleka vo, of a truth, truly, it is indeed true that.

Dingundu,

7,

;/.,

a muscular

fellow,

also a species of hornet which

Dika,

v.t.,

to ingraft (the object

is

of the
;

does not sting

Dinsiensia,
7,

(?)

verb

the scion, not the tree

n.

(P.

licenga),

per-

see dikila,

App.

mission, excuse

me

DIN-EBO
Dinsunga-nsunga,
oil, occ.

824

7, //., something having a perfume, a perfumed

E.
C-,

Dio-dio,

6,

;/.,

hunger which seems

to
c.).

in-

the

Bakongo

&

others often drop

;

satiable.

the prefix e from nouns in e

Dionga,
Dionso,

?'./.,

peer

(into,

over,

between Matadi

&

Lukunga
;

it

under,
7,
;/.,

the least particle, bit, the least or faintest trace kana

;

is often replaced by dievata, vata, divata. Ebala, 8, n., a large squirrel having a

dionso nkutu ke bezidi diau

ko, they did not bring the least particle of it
;

striped back, eyes large, tail slightly bushy, white belly.

Ebamba-ngolo,

8,

.,

a brave, a cham-

ke bena ya dionso dia wonga ko, they have no fear at all.

Ditllka,
7Az'.,

pion, a warrior.

Ebanda,

8,

;z.,

reason, cause, purpose.

to

make a

noise as of a

free fight.

(Seldom used] see bila & eyandu. Eyandu is a far more

nkindu

(2, i-)

dituka, to break out

!

common form.
Ebanga,
8,

into a free fight.

#.,

Do

interj.,

pray you

please
if

beseech you.

raphia boo."

a large mid vinifera palm,

rib

of

"bam-

Dodokolo
Dokalala,

di-

(-aku, &c.),
to

(you)
in, to

Ebangu,

8,

.,

a way or style of mak-

please.
?'./.,

ing things.

be persistent

Ebantiku,

continue doggedly.

Dokama,
Dole,
e
6,

-z/./.,
.

to begin, commence. (Makuta)^dwele (App.).

8, ?*., the point from which something was commenced. Ebefele, 8, ., a seed husk, unbroken

dudulu

(6),

adv., with a fat belly, of

living creatures only.

Ebembele, Ebembia,
Ebese,
Ebidi,
8,

but empty through atrophy. a piece, fragment. 8, .,

8,
.,

Duduna, ^./., to pull & snap in two. Duka, v.t., to be exceedingly abusive,
execrate strongly, swear
at.

jungle
.,

left

a great unburnt.

patch

of

a plaited cord (of palm

c.).

frondlets,
8,
.,

Duka,

7/.z.,

to protrude, stick out.

nua
Duku,

(4)

aduka,
.,

.,

a prognathous

jaw.
6,

an abundance, a great crowd, quantity, number, mass, the many, the greater part.
8,
;z.,

diaphragm
the dead.

a small drum having a on each end, &

Ebiki,

ceeding
for),

earnestness, keenness, exgreatness (of desire

played during the wailing for

intensity (of longing or love), the radical idea being a

Dukula,

TAZ.,

to

move
a

(of the fetus in

utero).

Dumbalala, Dumbelele,

6, #.,

girl,

young mai-

sense of the exceeding greatness of something, hence intense desire for it muna
:

den.
to
fly,

ebiki dia nzola andi, through

Dumuka,

?/./.,

jump.

Dungiana,

to be in a stupid condition, either through drink or severe sickness.

v.t.,

Ebindika,

the greatness of his love. the manner of locking 8, .,

or steering.
., locking, steering; Ebindiku, 8, ebindiku dia nzaza ke diambu diandwelo ko, the steering of a ship is no small matter.

Duvula, v.t., to abuse foully. Owele, 6, //., a siluroid fish

muddy lakelets
an undersized

swamps

living in also ;

child.

Ebo,

8,

;/.,

sediment, floating scum,

S25

EBO-EFW

Ebo, continued.
cream, yeast. Ebobolo, 8, //. = ebululu, App. Eboko, 8, ;/., a camp, a regular resting-place for travellers, a place in a town where a daily market is held the town square or " palaver place." -eboko, a. (from bokola, see p. 254).
;

Edia, continued. edia dia nsi eto diakaka, the food of our country is different. -edienga, a., acceptable, much to be
desired.
e ediki*/z/.(/>w// dikalala), still, quiet.

-ediki,

a., still,

quiet.
in

fuku

(13)

wediki,

the

still

nkombo

(2) a maboko, the goat presented in token of submis-

hush of night, when all are hushed very late at night, in the middle of the night.
;

sion.

tombe
?/.,

(6)

kiediki,

still,

hushed,

vana
Ebolo,

nkombo a maboko,

to

darkness.
8, it. (generally pi.}, a feeding ground, a place where people or animals feed. Edimbu, 8, //.+a viscid mass (as of

treat for peace.

8, #.,

Edilu,

the uncircumcised organ.

Ebu,

8, n.
?'., to pass over some breach of discipline or wrong, in hope that it will not be again committed, with the intention that should it recur, this previous case should be punished.

zinga e ebu,

half melted glue, metal, glass,

&c.).

Ediongi,

8,

//.,

the very centre, the far

interior.
8, ;/., a stupid fellow, a fool. Efingidikiti, 8, ;/., the stomach of a nsizi or rat.

Ebu

(Bako.) = owu.

Edunia,

Ebubulu,

an unripe or blighted 8, ., calabash, a stupid fellow, a fool, a great hulk of a fellow,

a.,
;/.

Efongo, 8, Efuba, 8,

;/.,
.,

flat place.

-ebubulu,

Eburnba,

8,

Ebumbu
Ebunda,

(8)

App. dia ebumbu, ., perfect

= ebunda,

foolish, stupid.

the green fruit of a tree, the fruit of which reddens when

ripe, tree.

an
dia

unripe

fruit

of such

ignorance.
8,
;/.,

Efubu
a bundle of "medi;

(8)

munse

(3)

.,

a soft

immature sugar cane.

Efula,
8, n.

cine " (fetish)

see

mfula, App.

Ebunda (8) dia kulu (9),;*., the thigh. Ebunda-vumu, 8, ;/., profit in trade. Ebungwa, 8, excuse, subterfuge,
.,

mona
Efuluta,

mafula,
8,
?/.,
;/.

v.,

to be regular as

regards one's bowels.

fury, rage.

something to say for oneself (generally untrue or a. mis-statement also reason, cause, used
;

Efunda,

a bundle, hence a bundle of 1,000 ; a thousand. Efuta, 8, ;/., the payment, the sum or
8,

-f

as

kuma

(6).

vala o mabungwa,
excuse, to
in excuse,

make an concoct some story to make a defence.

v.,

to

Efwafwa,

price paid. that which ., 8,

comes

to

one by

birthright, inheritance,

portion (not necessarily coming

Ebwe (Bako.)=aweyi.
Ebwengelekete,
8,
.,

through the death of another).

clod,

lump,

crystal (of salt), grain (of sand).

Ebwese,

8, ;/-,

one of 3 or 4 rows of

laths

in the finishing lines of

vwa e efwafwa, z/., to inherit. a species of grass, Efwatakala, 8, the blades of which are covered with a long, soft down.
.,

the wall of a house.

Ebwila,
Edia,
8,

8,
.,

.,

an

alluvial plain.
stuff,

Efwe, 8, Efweke,

;/.,

a plot of ground.
;/.,

8,

one who

is

utterly

food

food generally.

stupid.

826

Efwema,

8,

;/.

(Bako.), offence (taken),

Ekasa,
Ekati,

8, ;/

a squirrel.

annoyance, anger.

baka efwema, v. to take offence, be offended, become angry. Efwenka, 8, ;/., friction, intense irritat

the inward parts, the interior of the whole body, intes8,

.,

tines, bowels.

Ekau,

tion,

an overmastering passion,

8, ?/., a portion, share, an allotment, portion contributed, con-

malignity, malice, bitter hate, sia e efwenka, 7'., to be in a state of friction, to feel maliciously

tribution.

towards, hate, abandon one'sself to passion about.

Ekaya, 8, ?/., a greeting, salutation, ekaya -kika dia..., to greet with the news that... ekaya ba;

nkikidi

Efwenka-fwenka,

8,

?/.,

a monster, a

andi OVUtukidi, they greeted him

dia

mwana

very large specimen (of children, cubs, &c.).

with the news that his boy had

returned.

Efwese-fwese

(8)

dia

.,

loose

Ekembo,

8,

.,

pleasure, the sense of

;

(earth or sand).

efwese-fwese diadi dia esenge ke

nkembo pleasure, joy, delight is the experience, ekembo is

the condition

disimakananga

tungwa ya

which makes

it

nzo ko, you cannot set the uprights of a house in this loose
sand.

possible (see ewete, App.). Eketo, 8, n., an intense desire after, a

mad
pres. indef. indie,

-eka

i'.

def.,

only

zeal

(Bako.), to be.

craving after, lust, passion, eketo dia maza kena diau, he is mad for water.
;

kuna

nsi etu ka, bubi

are

mambu mengi mebweka kaka,

there

Ekitu,

8,

;/.,

metamorphosis, change,

altered appearance, transfiguration.

many

palavers in our dis-

trict,

Ekabu, Ekabu,

8,

always wickedness. ;/., a free gift.

a greedy, avaricious per-

Ekobe,

8,

;/.,

man
Ekoka,

a very powerfully-built or carnivorous animal.

to

8, n.,

8, n.

son.

fwa
?/.,

e ekoka,

v.,

be unable to
in learning

Ekabu,

8,

man

of

immense
Ekolo,

strength.
8, ?/., a very large dog or any carnivorous animal. Ekami, 8, n., an obligation to, a ne-

walk, very to walk.

8, n.,

backward

Ekalamanga,

the shank or shin, hence,

dia,

vana ekolo
or
at

from beside, from

the feet of (of persons

cessity

ekami ngina diau

I

only).

dia kwenda,

must
?/.,

go,

am

obliged to go. sia e ekami (dia),

to

be very
very

a knot [a register of ., Ekolo, 8, time (kolo), being often marked by knots].

determined

(to),

make a

Ekombe,

strong resolution (to). Ekaminu, 8, >/., a pressing place,

stretch of pla., a long 8, teau or ridge.

8,
n.,

EkomongO,
Ekonde,
8,

dyspnoea, painful
the knave

ekaminu dia vinyo,

Ekanda, EkangU,
Ekani,
sia
e
8, 8,
/;.,

8, n.,

a wine press. the key-note in music. a covenant, agreement,

breathing.
;/.

(P. conde),

(in cards).

bond.
;/.,

intention, purpose, resoto

lution, idea, thought, plot.

ekani,

v.,

plot,

devise

against.

Ekondeka, ) 8, n. (generally pi. cunEkoneka, ) ning, craft, stratagem. Ekonge, 8, ;/., the handle of a cup, mug, &c. Ekongo diangani, 8, >/., the Congo
,),

827

KKO-KI.K
8, n.,

Ekongo diangani,
Free
State,

continued.

Elambi-lambi,

the unreasoninx

Atat Indepcndant

du Congo.

imitation of others, the habit of following the fashion or ex-

mwisi Ekongo diangani, an inhabitant of the Congo Free

State.

example
like

of

others,

following

kwenda
8,
;;.,

sheep through a gap. e elambi-lambi, to follow

see

Ekongwankela,

a piece of fur-

nace slag or hard pieces of iron ore which present the appearance of furnace slag. Ekono, 8, //., a point reached in a discussion, one item out of many to be touched upon, a head in a discourse or debate, a chapter in a book, a paragraph.

the fashion, do what we others do, whether good,

bad

or indifferent

to

follow like

sheep through a gap. Elambu, 8, n., a feast. Elanga, 8, /*., a large, broad hoe.

Elalangoma,
place.

8,

.,

flat

thing or

Ekova, 8, ;/. (Mpa.), the navel. EktO- (Fr. hecto), 100 of the standards of measurement (e.g. ektometa = hectometre, = 100
metres). Ekulu, 8, ;/., the most ancient times, the earliest ages.

-elalangoma, a., flat, even at the top. Elaza, 8, //. malaza,^/. only, empty talk, senseless rubbish.

Ele = tu (the App.

particle),

see p. 433

&

-ele, per/, of kwenda, to go. Elei, 3, n. (P. rei), the king (in cards).

Ekumba, Ekumbu,

8,
8,

;/.,
.,

a protruding navel.
noise, roar, roaring of

Eleko,

8,

n.,

a chord of music.

The
of the

following are the

names

waves.

ivory horns set to the

.,

common

Ekuminu,
Ekunda,

8,

a stop, a point of

chord

punctuation. a self-sown plant. 8, .,

8,;/.,

mi do

,
1

luenze,
sengele,

10.
6.
2.

Ekunkwa,

cone, something conical, a conical stool of earthenware ; hence) a point, Jieadland,

cape, promontory.
n., 8,

sol,

ngandu,
8.

mi, evula,

do, koka-titi, 6. the sound of the key-note,

8.

ekanda,

Ekuti,

-\

a group, gathercluster,
flock,

Ekutu, Ekutu-kutu,

I J
.,

ing,

Elemba,

8,

.,

the

charm

referred to

herd, crowd.

Ekutuwa, 8, Ekuzuka, 8,

a coat, jacket.
a transgression.

;/.,

Ekwa,

8, #.,

how many? what num:

under lemba, App. ese dia elemba, the man who 5s to be regarded as the father of one who has been initiated into

ber (treated as a noun as follows)

nganga

ndembo. (2) a elemba,

elemba.

the doctor of

ekwa

disidi,

how many
inter,

are

left ?

ekwa-ekwa,

pron.^

how

many each ?

Ekwa
Ekwe,

(8)

dia nzazi

(2),

.,

tiny scales

Elembe, 8,.. About or. until the years 1860-1865, elembe was a word which filled
all

of mica.

oh oh that (regret] ekwe kala vo nsumbidi kio, oh that I had bought it;
interj.)
! !
!

cry of

who heard it with fear. The "elembe edio" would

stop a caravan of traders,

&
It

make them submit

suggested,

to

capture

Ekwende, 8, makwende,.//.,
.

or death without a struggle.

sleep-sickness.

some

indefinable

ELE-ENI
Elembe, continued.

828

horror, such as witchcraft, which

no one understands & every one believes in so the cry of

;

Elongi, continued. been bereaved, after some 4 or 5 days have elapsed, the
friends

meet

to

console

him,

elembe paralysed the

is

hearers, prevented all resistance. It difficult to understand why

effect,

vana

e elongi. They render thanks that he has so far re-

covered from

his

grief as

to

the word had such an

so notorious
is
it

but

come

out of his house to receive

;

that the time

when it became the means of much wrong &; abuse is spoken of as the tandu kia elembe.
Such crazes are not uncommon
see
;

them he then returns thanks to them for bringing wine, & coming to fetch him out of the
house

&

away from

his grief,

kiyoka, kinyambi, App.

8,
//.,

kwame owu nuvangidi yeno, kitondele wo

adding, ntondele

Elemena,
or

a great desire, liking

taste.

ko own kavangidi o mbeni, wa Nkadi-ampemba, I am

thankful to you for what you have done, but not for what the

elemena diamaza, a burning thirst. elemena dia nsafu, a great liking

for nsafu.

Elengo,

8,

w.-f-the resinous sap of the

ElongO,
"

adversary, the devil, has done. the place in the 8,

.

elengo or lengo-lengo tree, used " craw-craw." as medicine for It has a very powerful smell

where a " mystery " or "rite" is performed, which the

bush

"

natives affirm

is like

or identi-

when

burnt,

hence as an

fiercely ; equivalent for sul-

burns

cal with circumcision.

phur, brimstone. Elenzi, 8, ., the loathing of food after

Elu (Bako.) = olu. Eluema, 8, ;/., desire, longing. mid-day, arrival Ehinga, 8,
.,

at the

over-feeding
also lenzi,

(see

lenza)

see

zenith.

App.

Elusa,

Eleza,

8,

.,

a lazy fellow.
lazy.
.,

-eleza,

.,

8, #., a great appreciation of something, hence an earnestness of endeavour to obtain it, zeal,

Elezi-lezi,

8,

brilliance, brightness,

so greediness.

splendour.
-elezi-lezi, a., gleaming, shining with

Elusu,

the larger pieces which ., 8, are imperfectly crushed, ground

splendour, brilliant.

Elolo

dia mputu, sweet apple.

(8)
8,
;/.,

.,

custard or

Ema

or pounded in such processes. (Bako.)=oma.

.,

Elonda,

reason, purpose, cause.

for

e elonda,

why ?

what reason or

Emeraude, 2, n., emerald. a welcome, greetEmiangana, 8, " ing of or by women, tumiangana."

purpose ? because, for the reason that.

i

elonda didi(auM appl.form\ is why, this is the reason,

is

this this

Emoni, 8, mamoni,
head.

//.,

wits,

sense,

genius,

how
8,
;/.,

it is.

Emu
;

(Bako.)=omu.
8,
.,

Elongi,

a lesson, example, warn"baing, discipline, chastening nsidi se elongi, they made an example of him.
e

Enangu,
Enatll,

length of time spent in

staying.
8,
;;.,

a burden, load, some-

vana

elongi,

v.,

to

comfort,

console.

When

any one has

thing carried, cargo. Endu (Bako.) = oyu. Eniemo, 8, ., a trap, in which a log

ENI-ESI
Eniemo, con finned. of wood falls athwart the animal also a press. Enunga, 8, ;/., the amount to which a
;

Ese, continued.
is preceded by & or an apostrophe ; the final e is elided beit

fore a

<fr

e.
;

Kw'
s'

es

ame,

to

spring

is

bent or of a curve.
trembling (of delight

my

father

eto, our father.

Epele,

8,

.,

fete.
;/.,

Epiipupu,
or

8,

fear).

// is nearly always a \st class ; see also note on p. 271. e tata father

noun

Esaf.ll, 8, n.,

uncleanness, foulness, deunclean, foul, hunting.

polluted,

filement, pollution, obscenity,

-esafu,

a.,

disgusting, obscene.

ame, my father. son. yo se yo mwana, father se wabula, the father is dead, wele kwa tata, he is gone to
o
s'

Esaku,

8, n., rat 8,
.,

father.

a wild gourd. Esambilu, 8, ;/., a place of worship, church, chapel, synagogue. Esangala, 8, ;/., a place or hollow or thing which contains the idea
Esalala,
;

When

ese

is

followed by an
,

adj.

or

adjectival clause it is treated as a noun of the 8//t class; ese

diambote, a good
ese dia elemba, n.

father,

When
his

a person
initiation

being that
terior,

inside,

something exleaving a hollow cavity an encompassing body,

it

is

has

completed

cell.
;/.,

into the ndembo mystery, the doctor appoints some man to be considered his father, who is

Esansu, 8

tradition,

matter handed
to another.

called

ese dia

elemba (god-

down or from one

Esansu,

condition of things dur8, ., ing a certain period, a dispensation, period of administration,

all

lemba, App. ese dia nzila a ezulu, ese dia mungwa, es' andi a mungwa, n., a god-father or mother see
;

father ?); see

that concerns a period.

.,

mungwa, lemba
App.
Esela,
8,
;/.,

mwana,

an expanse. Esanzamu, 8, Esanzu (8) dia kaya, a liberality which ruins, by giving away
.,

the
.,

Esasa,

everything possessed. 8, n., a large hole in the interior.

8, n.

Esemba, Esemo,

8,

flat top of a hill. the habit of boasting.

8, ., making, creation, a bringing into shape or being,

first

Esasala,

generation, evolution, the

light (not

kala e esasala, to be
heavy).

times,

when things were

cre-

ated, the beginning, the earliest

Ese,

8, n.

is

the

The usage of ese tata, same as father & papa

;

ages, times or days,

tuka kuna esemo, from

first

the very

in

English i.e., where it would be proper to use papa, tata is used papa & tata are used in addressing, not with possessive pronouns (my father, not my papa), they are used in speak;

times, ever since the world

began. Esenselo, 8, //., a port. Esewa, 8, n., the circumcised organ. -esika-sika (yo, c.), appointed, fixed,

named
Esikilu,
8,

(by).
n.,

ing of the father (papa

ing).

comEse must be used where

is

drum

of globular
at

father

&

son are contrasted.

(cavalry), played funerals state occasions.

shape

Kongo slave speaks of his master as his father very often.

The
initial e is dropped, unless

Esiku,

8, n., a sure place, an established position, a standing, position, post, rank.

ESO-ETE
Esoki,
8,

830

.=nsoki[(4),

p. 392.

Esomba, 8, n., a. sharpened piece of mbasa buried in the ground

point upwards, so as to pierce the feet of trespassers in gardens, &c.

Etamba. matamba, pi.

8, #., lupus exedens, a rodent ulcer which destroys the nose, &c.

Etamba,

Esoneka,

8,

w.,

a style or manner of

8, ;/., information as to the sickness or death of a relative or some disaster which has be-

writing.

fallen him.

Esonso, 8, ;/., the point at which fire was applied in setting anything on fire also a small patch of .fire, as when jungle is burning each little straggling patch of fire is an 6SOI1SO.
;

Etambu,

8, "., good fortune in catchsnares. ing with traps

a flimsy, rotten thing 8, ., that g.oes to pieces at a touch. Etanda, 8, ., circular mats of the

Etampala,

same make as the

kets.

native bas-

Esumbu,
sia e

8,

.,

the price,
?/.,

esumbu,

to

name a
7/.,

price,

Ete,

8,

;/.,

the saliva.

ta or

vuna
for.
;/.,
.,
.,

esumbu,

to bar-

mina

gain

e ete, v., to take breakfast, break the fast (/>., swallow the
saliva,

Esumpu,
Esunga, Esungi,

8,

a stitch of basting.
see elusa,

which has
the

for

8,
8,

App. cretonne & any

been
like

only thing

so long in the

mouth).

cloth of floral design printed in

many
Esunia,
8,
;/.,

colours

on a

coloured

ground.
a tooth which protrudes
lips,

beyond the
tache.

also

mous-

minu-ete, 6, ., breakfast, ete dia ewawa, hunger in the morning, supposed to be caused by a new secretion of saliva. Ete, an imperative particle giving emphasis to a command; wenda
ete, go then. a vault. When the ., Etekola, 8, grave is dug for a man of some position, it is customary to dig a vault or recess in the side at Into this the body the bottom. is placed, to avoid its sinking

Esuta, kala

8,

.,

a hurry.

kuna

ku
Esutu,

esuta, to be in a hurry, esuta kena, he is in a hurry.

the uncircumcised organ, 8, ., -esutu, uncircumcised (of the organ, not individuals) ; also very bad

indeed (a most indignant & abusive term), scurrilous, utterly abominable & useless. a place of hiding. Eswekameno, 8, Eta, intcrj., a particle implying great
.,

into the floor of the grave, when the earth sinks in after filling
It is imagined that this is up. due to the sinking of the floor

respect,

majesty
are

your honour, excellency, tufiaukidi eta, we

;

of the grave

itself.

much

obliged

(to

your

Etekwa, ovinda e nkome oku mpiaza o masanza nki wasala

if you (proverb\ O bracken send up your new frond (like a closed fist) in the season when the jungle is burnt, what will be
!

grace). eta enters into

the composition of
eta,
i.e.

ingeta=inga
lord.

so,

my

Etadi,

8,

+a

name used for an

stone, also a secret egg, to prevent

left for
is
(it

the

first

rains

*>.,

it

too late to urge

that

now

a fowl from understanding that her eggs were being talked of. etadi (8) dia esenge, ., sandstone.

has been burnt up by the

8,
.,

fire).

Etenda,

in advl. clause only.

ETE-EVO
Etenda, continued. Ova etenda, in the sight of

all,

in

Evamba, continued. made homage &

roll in

the dust,
is

ova

public place (see tendoka). etenda-nkongolo, before

open
Etetelo,
8,

court,

an before an assembled

as to a great chief. It a great find, that this

is

such

homage
again.

to induce
8,
//.,

it

to
)

come

multitude.
//.,

Evanga,

a co]
is

Etiangi,

8,

//.,

the place of execution. a tall fellow.

Evanga
Evangu,

dia nsi
8,
//.,

(2), {

that which
action.

done or

Etima,

8,

//.,

the great

aim or

object,

made, a deed,

the thing most desired, the desire of one's heart, the subject

Evangu,
Eveko,

of intense feelings, hence even

purpose, raison dctrc. a hindrance, delay, excuse, reason for not doing some8,
.,

8, n.,

of revengeful feelings

zeal,

thing.

nkwa

etima, one who has set or sets his heart on something, one who is much in earnest,
(
i

Evela,

8,

.+a
8, n.,

small bare place (on

c.).

the ground,

Evelema,

desire, longing.

zealous, fervent in spirit.

Evendwa,
etima,
error.

8,

;/.

(Solongo), mistake,

sia e etima dia.

7'.,
. . .

or sia.

.e

to set one's heart on, to make the great object (of endeavour,

Evene,

8,

.,

nakedness.
n.,

Evengwa,

8,

an omission, some;

&c.),

to

be

much

in earnest,

thing or

some person omitted

zealous, assiduous, industrious

in doing, getting, one's mind to ,
c.,

make up
do

seek or

most

diligently.

Etingu, 8 (generally pl.\ ;*., insolence. Etinti, 8, proud reserve. Etita, 8, ;/., the feathering of an arrow, a feather toy windmill, a wind.,

or to be omitted or excepted aleke awonso, o Bukusu evengwa, all the boys but or except Bukusu. ) 8, 11., a dull, dirty, tarnished Eveso,

Evesoka, 3 appearance. Evika, 8, n., a place where any one

01
;

mill.

Etoka,

8,

11.,

an even number,
even.

-etoka,

a.,

Etompolo, 8, n. = etampala, App. Etondo, 8, ;/., a fungus mass growing under the ground. Etu (Bako.) = otu & etO. Etuku, 8, ;/. + the book of Genesis. Etuluka, 8, ;/., maturity, puberty,

anything is to be surely found nzeye dio evika diandi, I know where he is always. Evilanu, 8, ., bird's egg, & somctimes used of fowl's eggs, lest the fowl should hear her eggs
-

spoken of, & stop laying. Evilukilu (8) dia ntima (4), n., oppor-

Evimbu,
Evinza,

Etwenga,

marriageable age (of either sex). 8, ;/., a soft, tender thing which is not yet properly hard or mature,

tunity for repentance. .+the body, the trunk (ot 8, a tree), bulk.
8,
.,

part

where

cultivated country, a there are farms,

i.e.,

hence

the country,

away

-etwenga, a., soft, tender. Eva (Bako)=ova.

from the towns. Evoka, 8, ;/., a broad,

Evola,
Evolo,
8,
.,

flat valley.

Evamba, 8, mavamba, pi., nonsense. Evamba, 8, n., a small edible mush.

paralysis.

mbevo a
8, n.

evola, a paralytic.
adv.,
;

room, growing in great abundance, which the people never venture to pluck until they have

mavolo,

in

peace,
o

safely,

quietly

unu

mwana

olele

mavolo, to-day the

child slept

Evo-Evi
EvolO, continued.
quietly
;

832

Ewanda,
in

8,

;/.,
;/.,

the

wenda mavolo, go

manner of striking.
thrill,

Ewawa,
Ewete

8,

a shudder,

peace.

ete dia

EvongO, 8, ;/., something given, expended or employed in the full expectation of ample returns. Evongona, 8, n., a hole of large area,
not necessarily deep a very large ulcer. EvOSO, 8, n., a foolish, witless fellow.
;

see ete, App. (generally -used in tJie

ewawa,

pi.

mawete), 8, n., pleasure, that which is the source of wete. Wete is the experience, ewete the condition which makes it
Ewole,
possible; see ekembo, App. 8, 11., a thorny creeper.
8,
n.,

Evudidila, 8, ?/., greed, avarice, that which makes a man exact more than is his due. nzhnbu zevudidila, money taken
in excess of one's due.

Ewombolo,
piece

a decayed, rotten
house,
;

of

wood-work,

Evuku-vuku,
duced.

8, n.,

inducement.
v., to

canoe or piece of fire-wood ewombolo dia nzo diadi, this is a rotten house. Ewonzo, 8, n., medicine enclosed in a

kala ye evuku-vuku,
Evula,
8, n.,

be

in-

Ewu
an ivory horn giving the

piece of palm (Bako.)=owu.

8,
.

frondlet.

Ewulumuna,

note of

"mi"

(the 3rd) in the

set.

mawulumuna
Ewuta,
8,
;/.,
;

(pi.},

endless

talk,

chord to which they are

gossip, twaddle, chatter.

Evuinba,
in

8,

.,

food stuff wrapped up

leaf, &c., for roasting.

Evunza-,

ivith a noun suffixed, an excuse or something to prevent

is

what

expressed by the noun

!

a bearing, a bringing mwana andi, e ewuta diantete, she brought forth her child, her first bearing (i.e., the first she ever bore).
forth

owutidi o

suffixed.

Ewutuka,

evunza-salu, something which prevents or impedes work, an encumbrance. evunza-vewa, an excuse for not
giving.

8, n., the birth, the being born tuka ewutuka diandi, from his birth.
;

Eyandu,
see

8, n.,

reason, cause, purpose

ebandu, App.

eyandu diadi (with applied fonn\

evunza-vova, something given to hush up a matter, hush-money.

wa eyandu? why?
son?

for this reason, that is why. fur what rea-

Evuya,

8, n.,

a cleaning rag, houseconfusion, disorder. in confusion, disorder.

to

cloth, duster.

Eyanga,

8, /;.,

Evwanga,

8,

;/.,

thing which
sive,

an impropriety, someis wrong or offen-

-evwanga, a., -evwanga, a., public property, taken & used by any one.

contrary to proper customs,

be

an

offence.

mbula
Eyangidi,

eyanga,
8,
;/.

.,

to

commit
sweet

Evwangi,

8,

;/.,

publicity, the presence

such an offence.

of a crowd, an unwelcome crowd or company.

(Mboma),

potato.

-evwangi, many.

a.,

in great

numbers, too

Eyatiku,

8,

;/.,

the point at which a

is

beginning
8,
;/.,

made.
matter
in

Evwendengele,
only).

a monster, a very large specimen (of animals

Eyaya,

8, n.,

the topic of general con-

versation, a one's mouth.

every

evwendengele dia ngulu, a monster of a pig.

;

Eyidi, n. (Solongo), a barnacle.

Eyidingingi,

8,

;/.,

a dead silence.

833
swollen check. 8, n., a great sound eyokosa dia mazu, a
;i
,

Kvi-Kn>
Ezita, continued.

Eyititi,

8,

//.,

Eyokosa dia
of
;

end round which a native basket

is

made

in its

eyokosa dia dilu, great noise a great sound of wailing.

;

point

from

which

manufacture, the the long

Eyovoka,

8, n.,
8,
;/.,

a weakness, infirmity.
shaking, trembling. not severe (of afflic-

Ezakamu,
-ezala,
n.
t

light,

tion only).

whorl of grass of which it is made eccentrates, an axle, axis, the pole of any spherical body, the top & bottom points of an egg, c., the north or south pole
(of the earth), the point on the back part of the top of the head from which the hair also a reseems to radiate
;

ngangu
its

(2)

zezala, a false, foolish

fails entirely in

cunning, which

Ezalu,

purpose. near the ;/., a line or string wall-plate of a house a little

8,

way

out

from the
to

wall,

upon
a

taining fee, a fee which, being paid, secures the first refusal or

which

hang
.,

clothes,

prevents something from being

offered for sale, &c.,
until

clothes-horse.

Ezengenene,

8,

fool.

opportunity

for

treating

an has

Ezeng'O, 8, n. t a stick or something cut or marked to the exact

length, as a measure.
8, n., an effeminate, useless, helpless fellow, a fool. Eziezie, 8, n. (gen. pi.}, bewilder-

been given.
Eziya,
8, n.,

pool

left

river, hole in the

by the fall of a bed of a river.

chilli-

Ezeze,

Ezizima,

8, n.,

coldness, cold,
cold, chilly.

ness,

-ezizima,

a.,

ment, distraction. -a maziezie, muddled, bewildered, distracted, irrational, wrong.

Ezikila,
8, n.,

Ezu,

8, n.
,

sia e ezu dia tence of

v.,

to

make a

pre-

the definite spot where

anything
the

may be surely found, particular page, verse or stanza to which reference is

the

mazuka,//.
Eziiku,
8,
n.,

only, interest, profit.

nucleus,

elementary

made or where may be found.

Eziku,
8, n.,

passage

principle, rudiment, root, source, origin, basis, base.

the prime of life, perfecarrival at perfection, maturity ; see zikuka, App.

tion,
8, n., 8, n.,

Ezimi, Ezina,

a clan

see zimi,

App.

P.
Fianungina,
v.t.,

nkwa

name, ezina diambote, a

report,

man
a

of

to

try,

make an

good name.
ezina,

having

good
Fiata,

attempt to do something well knowing it to be hopeless.

v.i.

the deceased, thus i, n., avoiding the mention of the name; see deceased, App. Ezinga, 8, ., the length of (a man's)
life.

(P. confiar),

to confide,

trust.

Fiaulwisa,
Fiauzi, 12,

v., n.,

to congratulate.

mazinga,
Ezingu,
Ezita,

pi. only, delay, continu-

ness, consolation.

peace of mind, happicontentment, comfort,

ance, time spent or lost. 8, n,, delay, hindrance.

8, ;z.-fa

Fiba,

6,

n.,

the horn of a gazelloid

to

antelope.

knot, hence the knot or

Fidisa,

v.t.,

send

(things).

3H

FlE-FUK
Fienza,
v.t.,

834

to finish off
finish.

well,

add a

Finta,

good
Fika,
v.i.,

v.t., to rub a part of the body (not to anoint or wipe, but as to

to

be cheap.

rub the nose or ear when they

n.,

Fika

(6)

ye

kamba
kamba,

(6),

sureness,

itch).

security, safety,

Finuna,
a.,

v.t.,

to nourish (of food only).

-afika ye

dependable,

Finzula,
Fio, pi.

v.t.

(Bako.)=funzula.
blackness,
to fast, to

sure, safe.

6, n.,

sia e fika ye
to

kamba

(6)

(nmna),

v.,

-afio, a., black.

depend (upon).
v.i.,

Fionkonona,
Fiontona,
Fiota,
Fita,
v.i.,

v.t.,

go with-

Fikuna,
Fila,
v.t.,

to nourish (of food only). to turn or direct (of some

out food.
v.t., to

strangle.

part of the body). fila o main (9 />/.), to put, place the

legs.

to be,

grow

black.

v.i.
(8, di-) fita,

elaka
to

Filakesa,

hurry along, to conduct by force, to bear along, be in favour of or favourable (of the
v.t.,

ing,

to have a burnchoking sensation in the

throat, as

when strong

liquor

is

.wind), to "blow"
;

from the stern, be with to fail to help, withhold assistance in a crisis, to hang back & let others bear the brunt of a struggle e ternbwa
;

drunk or some nicotine is swallowed or when very angry.

Fita,

\v.

to

Fita

mwisi
v.i.,

(3), \

make

smoke, a smoke.

Fitarna,

to throng,

crowd around crowd round

kibafilakese, the wind was in

their favour.

(of a great crowd). Fitamena, v.t., to throng,

(some one).
wine.
diligently or reto

Filavu,

15,

11.,

little

Fitika,

Fim.pu.lula,

v.t.,

to

v.t., to put, heap, place together, pile in one place.

v.t.,

peatedly investigate.

Fiunununa,
Fofota,
v.i.,

to squeeze

through

Finangana, Finangeswa, i whelmed,

\

v.i.,

be troubled,

a small hole.
to

sorely pressed, overstraitened, perplexed,

jungle
it.

make a sound as the when a man or large

Findll,

harassed, burdened. 6, ;/., reluctance to move, obey, yield, exert oneself or to aban-

animal forces his way through

Fokola,

-z/.

+ to
6,

multiply, also to put

don an enterprise
lutely

until

abso-

letters together

and pronounce*

forced,

perhaps

not

Fokwelwa,
.

.,

the multiplier.

even then, dogged obstinacy, a combination of scorn of authority, force or danger, & pure
courage.
to hold sev., Fingitina, curely, firm. Fingituna(Bako.), f Finiziana, v.i., to be assiduously plied, to be industriously carried on, be persevered in. Finizieka, v., to be assiduous, con^

Folokosa, v., to talk rubbish, to no purpose or uselessly, persist

Fonga
.

foolishly in a request. e mfulu (2), v., to sit in council.

Fongo,

6,

TZ.,

a seat, place.
to

Fotomoka,
Frank, Fudila
2,

v.i.,
.,

ascend (as smoke).

(12),
v.,

a franc.
kufi
to

muna

make

short

work of a

thing.

stant, industrious, persevering in (i.e., leave no long intervals),

-afuka, a., respectful, courteous, ceremonious, with due ceremony.

not work by fits & starts tufie salu kieto, we will persevere in our work.
;

Faka,

v.i.,

to

come
fail,
,

to

nizieka

hausted, cluded.

an end, be exbe finished, con-

835

FOK-FUN
continued.

Fuka,

9,

//.,

exhaustion (of supplies),

Fumana,

failure (of resources), finality. Fukamena, v.t., to kneel down to, so

hand under the chin or on the

side of the face, the attitude of

to intreat, beseech. Fukusa, ?'./. (Bako.), to boil.

perplexity. Fumba, v.t., to think too

much
away

Fukwa,

?'.,

inid.pass., to lose

by death,

thing) to give
so).

it

(to

of (a so

Fukwa,
Fula, Fula,

be bereaved of. a cover. ., 6,

to

Fumba,

v.t.,

to waste, squander, be
to

blow (with the breath). ?/./. + to finish, bring to an end,

v.t.,

prodigal of. fumba e ndofi

falsely,

(2),

v.,

conclude.

perjure oneself,

swear break

Fulu, Fulu,

6,

(Bako.), a flower.

a vow.
v.t., to double up (as with pain in the stomach), to sag. Fumbi, 6, n., the place where highway robbery or murder was

a place, spot. mu fulu, \ adv., .on the spot, at vana fulu, > once, instantly, im6, ;/.-)-

Fumbalala,

the VOVO fulu, ) mediately, at very moment, in the very act.

committed

also

an ambuscade

Fulula, v.t. fulula o nkisi

fetish for

(4),

to propitiate

fwa

some broken
is

restric-

or reinstate it. strewn on the ground, the fetish image or bundle is held over it, a few
tion

(konko)

Gunpowder

be caught (of a caught in some it cannot be sprung, or of a noose which is caught .and cannot draw tight & catch that for which it is set).
trap which way so that
is
v.t.,

for the purpose. e fumbi, v. t to

words are spoken, the powder is then fired, and as the smoke
clears
off,

Fumbila,
to

to think too

little

of...

the whistle
fetish
is

(mbablown.
. .

(him) such a present or< to render such a service or

make

mbi) of the

This is supposed to restore the broken charm by propitiation, forgiveness being obtained from
the

do such a kindness. Fumina, ^.-^fumana, App.

Fumuna,

v.t.,

to kill (game, &c.) in

(of fish).

great

numbers or catch

charm-principle

without

gunpowder no kimenga or anything would avail.

Fululu,
6,
;/.,

Funa, v.t. + to leaven, be leavened. Funa, 12, n., leaven. Funakana, v.t., to be sullen, to sulk,
to observe a sullen silence.

perseverance,

steady

plodding.
to grunt with vexation. v.t., to foam (as the sea). Fulumunu, 6, n. (Bako.), see fulu-

Funda,

v.t.,

to accuse, charge (before

;

Fululuka, Fululuka,

v.t.,

judges)
theft,

bamfundidi edi dia wivi, they charged him with

v.t.,

mwinu
Fulumwina,
into.

(App).
v.t.,

Fundisa,

to inspire, breathe

Funduluka,

.umwinu,

6,

;/.,

the

spirit, soul,

the
to

to judge, try (a case). to groan (as one deeply moved in spirit). Funduluka, v.i., to swell up to its v.L,

living principle, that

which

lives

within us
the body.

and imparts
fill.

life

original size (as something dried which has been well soaked).

Fundulukila,

v.t.,

to

grumble and

Fulusa,

v.t.

(Bako.), to
to

make a
re;

fuss about.

Fumana,

v.t'.,

be proud and

served, grave, sedate

also to
right

Fundulula, v.t., to mutter to oneself or others, but not to the person

concerned.

stand

still

and wonder, the

FUN-FWA
Funga,

836

v.t., to be or become abortive, not to arrive at perfection or

Futumuka,
Futwa, Futwa,
T/./.,

v.i.

(Bako.), to rise from,

the dead.
to

full

to fall short (of the

pletion, to further use

attainment or completion, mark or aim),

be fomented.

6,

;/.,

a vapour bath.
t

be abandoned, not worth com-

bukamena
Fuzi,
12,
.,

be spoiled, of no to be neither one thing nor the other, hence be spoiled as of under-cooked plantain, S;c., which cannot afterwards have the cooking com;

e futwa, v. to take a vapour or steam bath.

skill in one's craft.

Fwa, v.i. fwa e "baba,

desirous.

(6) v.i., to

be intensely
v.,

fwa

mu
ke

meso

(pi.

7),

to

pleted.

Fungudia,

6,

;/.,

a bump, lump which

come actually seen, actual observation,

be under
little,

protrudes. Funisa, v.t., to leaven.

fwa
of, finish

(12), v. t to

be too

too few, too short.

Funka,

?/./.,

to

make an end

fwa

nene
tulu
sleep.

(12),

/.,

to

be too many,
be
in

off,

use up, carry to the bitter

too large.

end.

fwa
turn over the surface
dig up by scratchsoil, to

(10), TA, to

a dead

Funta,

-z/.z'.+to

of the

ing, or scraping the surface. Funta, v.t., to crush with a rubbing

movement, tread, trample. Funta, v.i., to remain unsold (after

offering
for

a person lame 6, through stiffness in the joints. -afwalansa, ., French. Fwama (Bako.), v.i. seldom used but in the perfect (-fweme), to be

Fwa-mboko,

.,

sale

publicly),

to

angry.

exceed the demand.

Funtuka,

v.i.

(per/, -ini), to

have a
op-

moya (4, u-) fwama, to be hungry. Fwamfumuka, v.i., to flow out copiously (from a hole or wound), to pour, gush out, leak out fast.

great deal of trouble, be

pressed, persecuted.

funtuka ye

salu, 7/./., to toil, work hard, have much trouble over

one's work.

Fwaneswa,
fit,

v.t\,

to

be

fit,

be found

be

made
6,

fit.

Fwani-fwani,
style,

.,

same fashion or
to

Funtuna,
Funze,
6,

v.f.,

give trouble, oppress,

resemblance.

distress, persecute.

kala e fwani-fwani ye,

the style
of,

adopt

any ailment of babyhood concerning which one can ask no questions, only be conscious
.,.

of,

follow the fashion-

conform

to.

that there

is

something wrong,

Fwaninika, v./., Fwankalakana,

to

compare together.
to

v.i.,

sink to the

the frailty of infancy.

ground under a load.

Futa,

v.i.,

become bush or jungle

Fwantama,
bent,

v.i.

(Bako.), to bend, be

again, to lie fallow, to become desolate (of an abandoned

place),

be abandoned.

bowed down. Fwantakesa, v.t., to destroy, devashavoc tate, lay waste, make
of.

Futalala, 7/.*.=yindalala, p. 474. Futidika, v.t. =yindidika, p. 474. Futuka, v.i. (Bako.), to have a great deal of trouble, work, be oppressed, persecuted.

Fwantika,

v.t.

(Bako.), to bend,

bow

down.

Fwanuka, v.i., to be fit, worthy. Fwanukina, ?/./., to be worthy of,

:

de-

Futumuna,

v./.'(Bako.), to raise from the dead, bring, to life again.

to be serve, be deserving of worthy to, to be deserved by.

(837

FWA-I

Fwanukwa,

v.i., to deserve, have as one's deserts, be deserving of; to have to, be obliged to, must, to

have nothing left for it but to... Fwanwa, v.i., to be able to, worthy to. The difference between fwana

G.
Grame,
2,
;/.

(Fr.

gramme), a gramme.

and fwanwa

the fact that in the case of fwana the ability (or in negative sentences the inability] lies in the subject of
lies

in

I.
I,

the verb, while fwanwa implies that the ability (or inability] lies entirely in something ab-

dem. verbal particle, that is why, then, that is when, then it is

that
;

normal in the matter referred to; kifwene kio nata ko, I cannot
carry
it

often not to be translated

at all ;

muna

(on
;

account

of

my

mini,
us
i
;

for this

weakness) kifweno kio nata ko, I cannot carry it (for such as I am may not touch such things). Fwasa, v.t., to destroy, spoil, render
useless.

lit.

diadi i katutureason he sent for this it was that he

sent for us.

preceded by the dem. pron., \st poss. and there was (so & so) also or
too;

emi

i
;

nsinga, and there

Fwatika,

to put all in heap, fwatika-fwatika, to put together

v.t.,

without any attempt at arrangement or order.

oyu i Kumpaya, and Kumpaya was there. toward the end of a sentence this
combination is best rendered by as well, as well as, too aya
;

were ropes

-afwitaku-fwatiku, a., done without any attempt at order, care, skill or neatness. Fwenka, v.t. -frub or grind hard on. -fwete, aux. v. de/.+may be able to ozolele kundatisa e ezitu ndembi fwete lenda, he wants to make me carry a load which I
;

bekwenda, oyu iNlemvo, these will go and Nlemvo as well aya i yeto tuna vava, as well as we who are here.
;

i before

the personal pronouns, fol-

lowed by
said...
;

wau

i
i

(yau)

wau,

ingeta,

yandi wau,

could not possibly carry (which I could not be likely to be able to).

yes, said he.

i
.

aka or kaka, with the dem. pronemph., once for all aka yiyi nipovele,
;

Fwidi, kala

6,

;/.,

a bereavement,
v., to

i
I

mpova

ku fwidi,
of
;

be

in great sor-

bereavement, to be bereaved ku fwidi kingi kena, he has sustained a great loss. Fwidilwa, v., to be a loser of, suffer
loss of,

row

be bereaved

of.

speak once for all. i...aka, with an infinitive noun bei luaka tween, to be just... aka, he had just arrived, -ina, v. defective, (passive, -iniwa
;
;

Fwika, v.i. (Bako.), to be cheap. Fwila e bafoa (6), v.t., to be intensely

desirous after, long eagerly
for.

applied form, -inina)

see

to be,

Gram.,

p. 690,

and Gram-

Fwila,

6, n., a dead body (of an animal, seldom used cf a corpse

matical Appendix. -ina (or kala) diau, to think, imedi ngina suppose agine,
;

fwa except as] Fwilwa, v.i., to be a

be bereaved.

carcase.
loser, suffer loss,

diau VO

think

that

adieyi bena diau? what did they think ?

I-KAD
-ina preceded by a locative is translated by the equivalent of the
locative
-ingi, continued. spoke that

and of

yo pemba o

the

pronominal

wingi, &

so white that

prefix

to the

verb ; ke vakedi

mnntn vana bena ozeye wo ko, there was not a man among
them or of them who knew it i diau ngizididi okn wina,
;

-iniwa, passive of -ina, to have in (one or it], to have (in) ndioyo winiwa e ekela, he who has the bullet in him.
;

izi, izidi, see

kwiza.

therefore

came

to

you;

di-

nkondo dimosi vana mena

di-

vwidi bwaka, one of the plantains (among them} was ripe. None of the tenses of kala are
itsed in this

j.
Je-

& ji-,

way, only

this pre-

sent tense irregular verb -ina is used, no matter what the time of the sentence.

see under zieziAppendix, but also je-

in this

ji in

the Dictionary, pp. 283-5.

-ina

omu
to
;

or nrnna, about, in refer-

tuwidi e nsangn zingi

K.
Ka,
defective aux, verb (Bako.) equivalent to the verb to be.

zina

omo ngeye, we heard

reports in see also

many
you App.
-ina
;

reference to

kala
be

mnna,
so, such,

dia baka ta dianga, they were just

to

una or wan,
like that, thus
;

eating.

ma kina nna,
a thing which

kwiza tuka kwizanga, we

coming,.

are

such a thing
is

(///.

nna

thus) e ?
?

nga

nzo aku ina

is

your house like that

is,
;

Ka...ko (Bako.), the particles of nett//0=ke...ko, not.

-aka, o mwaka -mwaka-j-in various places.
divers

then

-ina VO, which, who,

also that
is

was,

c.,

or

to say

tnmwene

mpatu ina vo ya Kikndi, we

saw a farm which was Kikudi's
;

Kaba,

v.t.,

to carry

something very

heavy.

divangamene kwa yeto, knna vo,mono yo Kikndi, it was done

by us, that is, by Kikudi & me. In this sentence the ku of kuna comes from the locative kwa,
beingforgotten in the giving of the further explanation as to, by whom.
(di-)

Kabnka,

v.i., to be bold, courageous. followed by the infinitive noun to

dare to

nga kabuka keka?

buka
Kabnla, Kabnla,
to
v.t.

o kota e? dares he to

enter then
bold.
v.t.,

the

diambu

of above, to cause to be
to dare to mention,
tell,

ina ye = kala ye, App.

-ingi.

ye

(&c.)

...

wingi,

in

such

a
;

speak boldly without fear wele dio kabnla kwa mfnmn, he went and told it
tell,
;

manner or way, so, so that ye ntnnga o wingi betnnganga, e nzo zau zinga kikilu,
they build in such a
their houses last long
;

boldly to the chief.

Kadi,

conj.,

wan

kadi, because now,

now

that, since.

way
,

that

wingi bavovele

yo vova and so

kadi kala or kele wwith subj. fut. indef., would that kadi tu, knna kwa conj.^ oh

839

KAD-KAL
v.i.,

Kadi, continued. what a (wonder or ridicule) kadi tu, kuna kwa ntakuka, oh what a jump. kadi tu, se diakaka, how strange indeed, how very strange or wonderful, did you ever hear of such a thing ?
;
!

Kakalala muna,
obstruct, be
e

to

block up,
in.

an obstruction

kakamba,

a dr., sec e

kamba-ka-

inba, App. Kakidika, v.t., to block, obstruct. kakidika...muna, to place... as an

obstruction

in.

Kadila (applied form of kala),

to be,
live
for,
to,
c.
;

v.

Kakidila, v.t. Kakila, v.t.

+ to apply (as a brake),

bakadila se mfumu, I a chief over them adieyi dikadila wau ? why will it be
;

ikuwill be

to place against (the j surface of something revolving, as the tool, c., against a grind-

stone) to lay before (something

in

motion

to stop

it),

to place

like that

in opposition, to oppose, resist

Kadilu,

6, ;/.,a

manner
c.).

of

life

(habits,

(an attack).

customs,

Kafa, v.t., to strike, beat. Kafalala, v.t., to be or look unhappy,

sad,

Kakilwa, Kaku, 6,

6, n.,
n.,

a tap. a
barrier,

something
;

which stops the way

tion.

obstruc-

displeased,

ill

at

ease,
often

miserable, disappointed,

Kakungu,
Kala, Kala,
6,
;/.,

9,

;/.,

bogie, dragon, ter-

used with ntima, o ntima andi llkafalele, he is unhappy in his mind.

Kafidika, v.t., to make sad, sadden, render miserable, unhappy, kafidika o ntima (4), to displease
(one's heart).

rible monster.

hot, dry weather.

is a past tense of kala, bearing the prefix e instead of'a it implies time less remote than that in a ; twekala, we were bev., to be.

There

(indef.

& perf.\

Kaka, adv. + still

(there

was no change
;

kedi, they were,

in the circumstances)

wakedi
still

ke kala biza ko,

unwell.

v.,

to

be very

kaka muna
in the

nzo, he was

house.

kala

(or -ina) diau,

;

v., to

think, sup-

after

a negative sentence kaka often brings out a strong contrast,

;

but, rather, instead

kunwandi

ko, unsadisa kaka,~do not beat him, but help him or help him
rather.

adieyi kakedi diau, what did he think ? kala kumosi ye, v., to be on good terms with, have dealings with, have intercourse with.
pose, imagine

kaka

or

aka

is

often to be rendered

kala kwa, adv., it is because, only used where there is no question

as to the correctness of the statement o kala kwa tuma katu;

by must, will have to, it being regarded as the only possible circumstance that kwenda ;

kaka kekwenda, he must go

ke nu(///. he will only go) vangi luzolo lueno ko, oluame kaka, do not do as you like,
;

mini, it is because he was sent. -kala mo, will be. ..when (it) is finished, when grown up e nzo yayi yabiza kikilu ikala mo, this will be a splendid house
;

but as
will,

like

///.

do not your

when
this

it is

finished

mwana
bad

mine

only.
this is

oyu wambi kikilu okala mo,

child
will

-akaka,
se

be

very
in

diakaka,

very strange,

how

singular.

when he grows up. kala muna, v.i., to be

(a busi-

KAL-KAN
Kala, continued.
ness), to give one's consent

840
e

kamba-kamba,
many.
v.,

adv.,

borne

by

and

co-operation.

Kambakana,
Kamika,
v.t.,

to mediate, go be-

own

diakalanga, adv., perhaps it may be that, -when it was once very likely, but noiv most uncertain;

tween two hostile

to

come

parties. to the

con-

clusion or recognise that one

own

diakalanga

must

(do

something),
(pi. 7), n., to

feel

kwiza kekwiza, perhaps he

may come.
iala ye,
the

obliged to. Kamika o meno

the teeth.

clench

" to have " with press the verb kala ye, not as on p. 286. In

Bakongo always

ex-

Kamina,
of

v.t.,

cloth

to wind the end of one's round the waist instead

it

Kongo -proper kala ye does not imply possession, but only being
with, and the inference is that the object is the property of

having

loose

over

the

shoulders, to gird one's loins. kamina o luketo (10) or vumu (6),

another or others j nkia nta-

kamina

gird up the loins. o nlele (4),

cloth.

gird up the

ku tukedi zau

what rods had we (of our own) ? nkia ntaku zikedi yeto, what rods did we have with us ? (not our own).
?

Kaminwa,
ing.

6,

n.,

a press for squeez-

Kamuka,
Kana,

v.i.,

to

be very

thin,

emaci-

This latter sentence

among

the

ated.
conj.,
ticle

Bakongo would imfily that they were ours. The ^lsage of -ina
ye
is identical.

whether, if, as to, a pardenoting uncertainty ; ki-

zeye
v. t to return.
;

kwame ko kana
zina mo,
;

nsusu

Kala

(perf.

kadidi, Kib.),

kwa
as to
there

do not know

okala VO...OVO, conj., whether... or konso lekwa, okala vo masa, OVO ma kiaka, anything whether corn or anything else. Kalakana, v., to be deniable.

how many fowls are in kana mengi vuya aka,

vovo vasilu vo (lit. whether many or only a twig so it was arranged that), so, to
vele
state things briefly, ranged that
it

Kalala, 6, n., asparagus. Kalsedone, 2, n., chalcedony. Kalu, 6, 11., the length of time spent time during which one at, was Kalu, 6, 11., a place to live or be at or
.

was

ar-

kana, pronominal

konso, each,
;

who or whichever babongele, kana nleke, mbele mosi, each

boy took a
knife.
^
\

abode, a dwelling place. Kaluluka, v.i., to cry, call or sing out

in,

kana nkutu, e kana nkutu,

conj., nevertheless,

notwithstanding,

aloud, loudly, to yell. Kalumba, 9, n., a hare.

Kamama,

v.i.,

to

be obligatory.
is
it

Kamba, edi kamba

vo,

so that? edi

kainba vo kwenda okwenda ?

so you are going, are you
?

even then or in that case, even if or though, suppose that it is so, whether even. kana una, conj., even if, even when, even while, whether even. kana una vo, conj., although, even
if.

Kamba, Kamba, Kamba,

see fika, App. v.t., to go to meet.

6, n.,

kana vele=kanele. kana VO, conj., in affirmative clauses,

although, though clauses kana una
;

6,

n.,

one of one's party, a

in negative
is used.

partisan.

vo

S4 1

KAN KAN
Kandu,
continued.

Xana, continued. kana vo !&&&, followed by the subjunctive mood in reference to the past, and tiic indicative for
tlie

munication on any one who should dare to do so and so. dila e kandu, v., to pronounce a sentence of excommunication upon

future ; suppose,

if,

should
;

and so would happen) kana vo kala bekwenda ko,

(then so

inwana

any one. (i) a kandu, n.,onc who has

incurred such a curse, an ex-

suppose they were to go there

,
.

had we kana vo kala twiza come Kanama, 77., to form the most deterresolution, be most determined, to determine evil

communicated person. Kanele VO, conj., in ajjinnaKanele nkutu vo, f live cl iuscs+
~\
t

mined

although, though, even (Fr. cannelle), Kanele, 2,

.

if.

.,

cinna-

against, hate fiercely. Xanamwa, v.i., to be the subject of

mon.

Kanga

nkangu
to

(4)

or e

ekangu
an

most determined resolution or to have such made against

one.

(8), ?A,

make a
(2),

covenant,
z/.,

kanga

mbaki

to set

ambush.
to hate

Xanana,
Xanana,
Xanda,

v.,

&

plot against

one another.
?/./.,

-akanga (Solongo), Kangadila, v.t. to

t

.,

brackish.

visit,

pay a

visit

to bid

each other fare-

to, call

on.

well.
12,
;

tern

make, style, patyau ewole kanda umosi,

.,

build,

Kangama, moyo (3,

T/.*.,

they
build.

are

both

of

the

same
or

(4, u-) kabe troubled (congealed) in one's mind, to be annoyed, provoked,

u-) or

ntima

ngaina,

v., to

kanda

wa mvudi-mvudi
be dry

(4)

wa

kangamwa o ntima (4) ormoyo (3),

V., to

vulu-vulu (6), ;/., the build of one who comes early to maturity.
Xandalala,
t/.z'.,

be

much provoked in
to

one's

mind
Kangi,
6,

(lit.

have one's mind

to

warped,

provoked), be deeply stirred.

.,

bent back,

saviour, deliverer, pro-

ntima

u-) kandalala, to be very grieved, distressed.

(4,

tector.

Xandidika,

warp, bend back. a ban, interdiction, Xandu, 6, curse, excommunication, sentence of excommunication. The
v.t.
.-,

+ to

Kangi, 6, ., he who ties. Kangilwa, 6, ;/., a conjunction. Kangula, v.t., to defend, protect,
let
off,

to

excuse, acquit, declare innocent.

most solemn form of promulgation of a law or cursing is

that pronounced at the junction of 2 roads and confirmed by

rubbing the mouth

in the dust

e ekangu (8), ?/., to disannul a covenant (ekangu) (///. to unbind a bond). Kangwa, 6, ;z., a bond, tie, binder. Kanika, v.t., to cause a strong deter-

Kangula

knees with one's hands. No one dare run the risk of the curse which must follow the breaking of a law thus made.
striking

and

the

mination.

Kanikina,

i/./.,

to strictly enjoin, tell

or charge, to command, order, give imperative instructions.

dia

kandu,

v. t

to interdict with

Kanka, 6, ;z. + hedge of thick bushes. Kankalakana, v.i. catch the foot &
t

a curse, to pronounce such a curse or sentence of occom-

stumble.

Kankamwa

nitu

(2),

T/.,

to shudder.

KAN-KE
Kankana,
v.t.,

('842'
to

deliver,

protect,

Katuka,

v.i.,

to

be excepted.
;

save, help (in trouble), preserve

from danger.

e lekwa -katuka, p., excepted kiaki kaka kikatuka, this

Kankana,

v.t.,

to divide

up (among

thing only excepted.

themselves, something that is very small to be divided among

so many).

Kauka, v.i., to cease raining. Kava, v.i., to be or grow very

emaciated.

thin,

Kankana, v.t., to struggle together. Kankata, 77.2., toddle about.

-akanku, a. lufwa (10) luakanku, sudden death. Kankuka, v.i., to stand up suddenly,
also to die suddenly.

Kavengelele,

9, n.,

the remote past,

long ago.

vana kavengelele,
Kavisa,
v.t.,

ever

so

long

ago, long long ago.

to

make

thin, also to

dry

Kansi or we kansi,

conj., well then.

a corpse, embalm. Kavula, v.t., to uncork.

Kawa,
Kapita,
2, n.

pass, of

man
Kare, 2,.
-akare,

(P. capitao), the headof a caravan.

yiwa, A PP Kawulula, v.t., to share out

. ;

kaya

see

also

ka-

to an-

(Fr. carre), a
a. (Fr.

square (math.}.

other, impart, give part of what one has to another only of

carre), square.

that which has been given

one.

to

Kasa,

8,

;/.

(Bako.), a grass tick.

-akasa,

Kasi o r

(Bako.), thin. e \.2&\-\- a particle indicating that a matter has or liad slipped
a.

Kaya, v., to risk, hazard. Kaya, v. meso (pi. 7, ma-) kaya,

less.

to

be sleep-

from

the

memory ;

sia tatu
;

kasi tanu, put 3, I mean 5 made a mistake, when i.e., I I said 3 it should have been 5 kasi nani wizidi? who was it
;

Kayama,
Kaye,
9,

v.i.,

to lie face upwards,

on

one's back.
.,

the highest heaven, very

;

that

came

i.e. I

forget

who

it

was.

e nuni up in the sky wele muna kaye, the bird went far away up in the sky.
far

kasi OWU,

now, see what has and now, see now, there now, now you see, but now. When kasi OWU is
conj.,

Kayenge
Kayengele,
J
)

become of

n (Ba ko.)=kaye.

it

used, the idea is always present tJiat it is too late or no ttse now;

v., pass, of kaya, to be divided, distributed. Kayiwa o meso (pi. 7), v., to be sleep-

Kayiwa,

less.

kasi
but

owu

ntangwa
too late.

isakidi,

now

it is

Kaza, v.t., tear. Ke, a particle used between repeated

nouns, as by in English. lumbll ke lumhu, day by day. tandu ke tandu, mvu ke mvu, for ever (age by age). ke mu...ko, conj., instead of, rather
than, than,
"
"

Kasika, conj., for instance. c.) casing Kasu, 6, n., a (leather, permanently fastened upon anyalso a nut (for a bolt). thing
;

'

Kati,

9,

.,

+ half.
in the midst,
;

Oku kati Oku...oku,

more than
.

sadisa,

between sia kio oku kati, oku nzo a Ponde, oku nzo a

ke
ke

mu

badila ko, help, rather

Bukusu, put

it

in the middle,
&.

between the house of Ponde Bukusu.

than scold. kisia ko vo, not as though it were tli.it. e ke y kingi (///. few & many),

mu

843

Ki.

Ki

Ke, continued. very many, a great deal many, a large number.

Kenga, continued.
or
takes
its
tJie (objective} pronoun of object after it before men-

Keke, 6, Kekete,
e

n.,
6,

mid-rib of palm,
nth'.,

tioning the object

i/sf/f,

as seen

n.+ firmness.
with firmness, firmly,
firm.

kekete,
firm.

in the above examples.} Kengoloka, v.t., to pass by or

round

kala ye kekete, T/., to be Kekoka, ?'./., to be very

highly

(something, carefully avoiding it, through fear, respect or disgust).

beautiful,

ornamental,

be

well

Kengomoka,
geous.

adorned.

v.i., to be very bright (of highly polished metal), be gor-

Kekola, v.t., to adorn. Kele VO, conj., with the snbj. fict. indef., would that kele vo twenda, would that. we had
!

Kengomona,

T/.,

to

make

clean (white

&
Kento,

shining).

6, n.,
;

gone. Kelesa o matu

sex
(pi.

womankind, the female kento ye kiakala balu(i.e.

9),

.,

to listen

ngwa kwau, womankind &

mankind were assembled
the whole population).
v., to

attentively (lit. of one's ears),

e kelezi, adv.

make

a funnel

Kesela,

mona
of.

e kelezi,

f ./.,

to catch sight
to

front

to

prevent (by standing in stop any one) from

moneka

e kelezi,

v.t.,

be caught

sight of.

Kema, v.i., to grunt & Kemba, v.i. (Bako.),

things, to

strain.

going somewhere. Keti, conj. (Bako.), a particle prefaced to a question or statement as to which the speaker wishes to
express ignorance.

to

put on fine
(Bako.),
to

go holiday making.

Kemba nkaza angani

commit

Kete nani obongele kio ? Who took it? (I have not an idea as to who
it

Kemona,

v. t

adultery. to snivel

was.)
-ZAZ'.,

&

fret

(as

Ketoka,

to

be passionately de-

child).

sirous, to long, lust.

Kena, ^.=kenanana. Kendalala, T/.Z., to be very distressed,

grieved, troubled.

Ketokela,
ate

?/./.,

to entertain a passion-

desire for,

long

for,

lust,

after.

Kendeleka,

v.t.,

to

distress,

grieve

Ketola,

.?/./.,

greatly.

sire,

to cause passionate delonging or lust.

Kendoka, v.i., to.be broken, snap. Kendona, v.f., to break, snap in two. Kenenoka, T/./. + to be disgusted. Kenga, v.t., to look well after, take good care of. Kenga, v., to be beautiful. Kenga, ?'., never to... any more, to give up (an old habit) ; bavwidi kenga kio e fu kia vonda e ndoki, they no longer kill
given up killing witches. Okengele kio o vuna kwandi, he has given up
telling lies.

Keva,

z'.

+ to be
.,

small.

-akeva,

smaller, decreased, less in

to

size.

Kewona,
Keya,
ki-.

r/./.,

knock up

(a small

piece of skin, bark, &c.). v.t., to look well after, take

good care

of.

For a singular tive form of

vative noun, see

use of the diminuthe eleventh deri"

while,"

App.

witches = they have

(Kenga generally

mwisi ki-, a prefix: by which to form the name of a party from the name of the leader or person who gives the name to it.

Ki-KiA
Keya, continued. esi ki-Makitu, Makitu's
ki-,

844

Kiakankamba,
party.

continued.
to
;

selves

appearing as a prefix, &c., without the mention of any noun of the $th or 6th classes, either refers to lekwa, a thing understood, or still more frequently to
kolo, time icnderstoodj yavana kiavunguka o kuma, until
(the time of) the

as
his

He

mba
Kiakasa,

God to do with us kadi i kiakankakiandi kiki, for this was

up
will

good
5, n.,

pleasure.

diligence. e kia-kia, adv. (from kiata), all in a row, in a long line or lines.

Kiala,

5, ;;.,

a garden round the house

the only child

dawn

of day.

in a town.

ki-.

The
to

prefix-

ki

(pi. aki) applied

Kialati,

5, n.,

kialati
only

the personal poss. pron. is

kiame
child
;

kiki, this

is

my

often used without mention of the noun referred to; yitu

eyayi yau ayole yalati

are the only two
I

yame, these
children

kiandi,

his

relative

akiau,

have had.

If

there

their relatives.

were

Ki....ko = ke+i....ko,

negative combined with the einph. dem. verbal Particle i. I am or was not.

others, but they are dead, this word cannot be used.

v.t.,

Kialumuna,
Kialwa, Kialwa,

to

arrange in a

line,

set in a row.
5, n.,

-\\~, formative prefix of reflexive form in tenses which lose the ku ;

nest of twigs.

eki

Bako:for all tenses. diandi, an elliptic expression equivalent to : he hoped, thought,

also in

a pair or brace of such animals or birds which mate & do not breed promiscuously, as
5, n.,
c.

pigeons, the feline animals,

supposed, expected that "Kia (=ke+i+a), I am not of or from.

kia-...ko, neg. pref. 1st pers. sing.

Kiamakulu,

with the applied form, never adjectivally (when not at the end of a sentence the
adv.,
article e

applied to adjs.,
&c.) omono not great.
;

am

not (great,
I

may

precede
all.

if),

for

kianene ko,

am

good, once for

wendele kiamakulu, he went

good.

for

Kia,

7'./.

+ to

be

to

become ezandu ^dikiele, the has commenced.

clear, plain, evident, time to commence ;

mpovele wo kiamakulu,
;
,

said so

market
give
the

;..-

once for

all.

ofutidi zo e
.!.;
for

kiamakulu kakatuka
zandi, he paid
for all, to get out

sia

oku kukiele,
;/.,

v.,

to

muna mpasi
them once
of his trouble.

fullest information.

Kiakala, 5, male

mankind, males, the as a class ; lungisa e kento ye kiakala, assemble all the population (lit.
sex,
all

Kiambote

letter)

ekio, interj., farewell (in a here are my best

!

wishes

womankind and mankind

Kiambu,

5,

n.

(from yambula),

per-

note the order}.

mission.
(1624)
to evi(f.

In Doutrina Christa

Kiakala, 5, ;/., bravery, songa o mwika a kiakala, dence bravery.

Kiakala,
or
5,
.,

kiambu
n.,

sacrament

89).
5,

Kiandu,

the genitals (male). Kiakankamba, 5, n., one's own way

will

when used

throne, the crown, in the sense of the

all

king, the head of

authority

or good pleasure

se

tuyiyambula e kiakankamba kwa Nzambi, let us yield our-

government. bayekwele kio kuna kiandu, they gave it up to. the crown (i.e. the

&

(845
TTinv Kiandu, continued.

KlA-KlK
v.t.,

Kiekielela,

to laugh at, ridicule,

king)

see also

under yekama,
shelf.

deride, chaff.

App. Kianga, 5, Kiangula,

until

Kiekwa,
.

(Mbamba), a
.,

5,

impatience, eageris

ness, the inability to rest quietly

something
(to,

accomplished,
kia),

anxiety
to

for,

anxiety

5, ;/.=kiyekwa, App. Kieleka, 5, ;/. e kieleka kiau, adv., surely, truly, without or no doubt. e kieleka kiau, i yandi yuyu, no doubt it is he.

complete something, excitement, nervousness, the lack of fortitude, endurance, lack of nerve or patience in suffering, kala ye kiangula, v., to be excited,

sia e yeleka
strate,

(pi.},

v.,

to

demonall

prove, to put forth the evidences of truth.

songa

Kianzu,

&c. (as above). short ., 5,

ing time.

e yeleka (pi. 5), v., give the true version, so to state a case or make a defence.

dry

season

Kielwa,
to

(Bako), planting season, sow-

be or sit up all night, have the morning dawn upon

v., to
v.i.,

one.
to

Kiatumuka,
Kiatumuna,

?'./.,

be arranged in a
arrange in a
line.

Kiema,

to get into trouble (a de-

line, line up.

?/./.,

risive, scornful expression}.

to

Kiememe,

Kiaii tu nki, adv.) at the commencement of the sentence, yes or no

5, n., a hope which never ought to have been entertained, be disapbaseless, only to

indeed, certainly, by

all

means
by

kiau tu nki, wenda,

means.
Kibale,
6
5, n..

go,

all

pointed. sia e kiememe,

v., to

hope, as above.

a joint stock company, a

syllabic.

kibale, adv., together, in companionship as a company, each

Kiengele, 5, //., a mass. kiengele kia etadi (8), a huge mass of rock, a boulder, kiengele kia nti (4), an enormous
tree.

taking part, in syllables.

Kienze,

Klbeni,

a.,

ordinary, usual, customary,

in general use, regular,

5, n., a vivid impression, a very distinct recollection, something indelible from the me-

mpwata

Kib.wanga,
Kide-kide,

kibeni, the usual dress. 5, n. 4- a small present,

5, n.,

mory.
Kienzi, 5, n. (Bako.)=kiese, p. 296. Kiesa, v.t., to make clear, plain, evi-

recognition, earnest.
inseparability, indivisibility (of 2

or more separate

things). e kide-kide, adv., inseparably, al-

Kievo, Kieya,

dent, to state clearly, plainly. 5, n., a long beard.

5,

n.

(Bako.), a

joke, chaff,

jest, fun.

ways together, indivisibly. a small matter omu Kidiambu, 5, kidiambu oko waleka, a respectful preamble for the commencement of an address (lit.
.,
;

takieya,tojoke,jest,makefun,chaff. Kiezi, 5, n., wildness, rage, fury. -akiezi, a., with \\th derivative

nouns
ayezi
(pi.

&

of water, wild,
a.,

fierce.

form},

wild,

savage,

as for the insignificant matter,

in your honourable presence). Kidibila, v., to go backwards & forwards.

fierce, furious.

Kika
Kika,

(o

meso,^/.

7), v.t.,

to block the

view, screen from.

v.

Kiekiele kaka, adv., whenever or as often as one likes...

ekaya -kika

dia...

see

under

ekaya, App.

KlK-KlM
Kikaka,

846

6, ^.,a being apart, separate, -akikaka, a., separate, detached e kikaka, adv., in a separate con-

Kimbonga,

continued.
;

into the- earth

nutima

e ki-

mbonga-nsi, dig straight down.

in dition, separation, aside, elsewhere.

apart,

Kimbulu,

5,

n.,

small

succulent
places,

kikaka yo or muna, prep., apart from, yo is used 'with

grass, growing in good for stock.

&

damp

Kimbwatakala,

5, n.,

a small
a
little

bottle.

persons ; muna with things. Kikilu, adv. (after a verb], at once,

Kimeme-meme,
lamb.
.,

5,

;/.,

sheep, a

immediately

kuna
once.

OVaikidi kikilu mbazi, he went out at

;

the metric system. Kimeta, 5, Kimfinangani, 5, #., closeness,

nar-

Kiko,

5,

.,

the house of one's father

&

mother-in-law (the husband's

at

only).

kuna kiko kiame,

in-law's.

my

mother-

rowness, nearness. Kimfinga, 5, ., a casing of knitted or " French knitted " string work with which to repair something broken "
;

French

knitting."

Kimfini,
.,

5,

n.,

nearness,
close

closeness,

Kikristu,

5,

Christianity.

together.

Kikwa,

5, n., a portion or part (of anything, not a share or piece broken ojf\ one of the parts of the body, a member of the body.

kimfini, adv., very near.

(5),

together,

e kimfitu

adv.,

headlong, head

foremost.

Kila,

5, n.,

a basin, bowl.

ta or

bwa

e kimfitu, to fall headn. (Bako.),

Kilembi.

long.
,

muna

kilembi (wa, &c.) what &c.) do not hear, &c.), is that muna kilembi wa vo wele, I do not hear that he has
(I,
;

Kimfumbi,
Kimona.

5,

murderous

ways, the habit of murdering.

muna kimona
is

what

(I,

&c.) see

gone, but he has.

Kilo,
2, n.,
i

that
5, a great sight, specwonderful vision.

a kilo or kilogramme,

Kimona-meso,
meakilotacle,

kilo-,

,000 of the standards of

(e.g.

surement

kilometa

kimona-meso,

metre, 1,000 metres). Kimbalu, 5, ., value, work.

adv., evidently, plain clearly visible, clear before one ; as in actual vision,

&

inuna kimbalu,
.

adv.,

muna kimbalu
kwiza), what
that

by calculation. (kwiza ke-

as in a vision, in a vision. e kimosi, adv., in the singular.

patterns, device, design. Kimpa, 5, a short, black, thick, Kimpadi, 5, bony fish. (Bako.) mpadi. Kimpadi, 5, the slight Kimpanda-ngongo, 5,
.,

(I, &c.) think is (he will come) ; I think

.,

that (he will come).

Kimbangumuna, 5, n., total, sum. sia e kimbangumuna, v., to add up,

ascertain the sum.

.,

mound
growing

raised

by a

certain

Kimbembe,
of

5,

.+a
a.,

small hawk.

species of white ant.

-akimbenena,
itself.
5,

self-sown,

Kimpanga-nkanu,
his keeper.

5, ;/.,

a shackle by
fastened to

which a prisoner
n.,

is

Kimbinda,

something that is unknown, a locked up mystery,

5*
.,

Kimpewa,
Kimpindi,
>

5, n.
5,

(Bako.), shade.

a mystery.

Kimbonga,
e

a whirlwind.

kimbonga-nsi, adv., straight down

something unknowa mystery. a bag with a running Kimpodi, 5,

n.,

-able,

.-,

847

KIM Kix
5,
//.,

Ximpodi,

continued.

Kindnknlu,

the

fruit

of

\\

string

sewn

into

&

around

its

variety of the egg-plant (Lezo;.

5,
//.

neck.

Kindumba,
(Bako.), shade.
.,

Ximpozi,

5, n. 5,

nkwa kindumba,
girl,

a hoyden, a fast

Ximpuka,

a cunning, wicked
to

girl of loose character,

fellow,

one whose wits go

kindumba-amwenze, 5, //., virginity.

Kindumbalala, Kindumbelele,
>

wickedness.

5,

.,

little girl

(a

Ximpnngi,

one who performs on the ivory horn or cornet. Ximungwizi, 5, ., governorship, a

5, n.,

f
5,

Xindumbi,
Kindumbizi,
e

tuoumrfs wonf). //., a club or p.utnership of women.

to-

position of authority. Xiinvnnze, 5, ., a small bird which

kindumbi or kindumbizi,
providing a part.

gether, in companionship, each

does not build a nest of

its

own,

but lays in old nests. Colour, black, with white markings on

breast.

Kindundu, Kindnngn,

5,
5,

.,

loan at interest.
.,

compound

of

Ximwanda,

5,

.,

that which belongs

crushed ground nuts (arachids), salt. pepper

to a spirit as such, spiritual nature characteristics.

&

Kinene, Kinene-anza,

5,

.,

title

the great one, a of profound

-akimwanda, kimwanda,
vo,

.,

spiritual.

adv., spiritually, from

thererespect, as chief of all, fore applied only to Ntotela,

&

Xina

a spiritual standpoint. conj., seeing that,

)

the king.
e

kingenga,
vate.

adv.> apart, aside, in pri-

wan kina

vo,

forasmuch answer is ina

vo.

since, now that, as, for since, the real

\

Kingengele,

5, ;/.,

a tumour.

ntangwa kina vo=wau kina

vo.

Kingoma, 5, n., a drummer. Kingoyongo, 5, ;/., chain, fetter, manacle,

the

"fork" or any

in-

Xinana vo=kina
Xindakesa, Xindakidi,
z/.,.to
5,
.,

strument
prisoner.

for the fastening of a

perplex, confound. alcohol.

still,

Kingrekia,

5, w.,

the Greek language

Xindama,

v.t\ t

to stand

immov-

&

customs.
5,
;/.,

able, firm, secure,

be stationary,
still,

Kingumba,
Kingnnda,

a wild,

reckless,

stay, halt, pause, be silent, quiet.

lawless fellow.
5, ;z., a hunchback, deformed person. Kingundu, 5, //., a very strong fellow, 'very muscular man.

Xindika,

v.f. t

to cause to stand
still,

pause, stop, keep

be

silent,

remain immovable,
dokela,
e
5, n. (5),

firm, secure,

restrain, delay, check,

impede,
to place
it

kini, v. defective, pcrf, only (Bako.),

?/.,

kindokela
left

to

the
the

thumb
finger

at the base of

be still, yet akaka bakini knna maza, some are still at

;

little

and clap

the
act

palm of the

right hand,

on an

the water

ke bakini kwiza

ko, they have not yet come.

of respect when a great chief drinks in public or speaks

&c. or to request him to excuse something which has irritated him.

a kick. Kinkala, 5, tua e kinkala, v., to kick. Xinkani, 5, ;/., the most remorseless pertinacity obstinacy in main.,

a kindokela (Bako.), to snap the finger & thumb.

taining one's point, plan, carrying out one's revenge or in

making

the. best of

a thing

&

KlN-KlN
Kinkani, continued.
getting the utmost out hence the economy that
of

848

Kinsweki.
it,

kuna kinsweki,
secretly.

adv.,

privately,

makes

the most of things, cuts the cloth to the best advantage, c.

Kinketa, 5, n. (Bako.), chrysalis. Kinkonzo, 5, n. + ugliness. Kinkundila, 5, //., an epiphytic plant growing on the nsafu. Kinkwa, 5, n., fellowship, companionship

Kintanda, 5, n. ta kintanda (Bako.), zinga e kintanda,

over the head.

v.,

to

clasp-

the

hands

Kintanta,

5, ;z.,

inability to

do as one

would, utter helplessness.

mona
|

Kinsampala,

a contagious skin 5, n disease (a lepra ?) commencing with rings of lighter coloured

,

e kintanta, v., to be utterly helpless, unable to move. sia e kintanta, to place in such a

condition, render helpless.

Kintekwa,
-akintete,

5, n.

which spread cases break down into

skin,

in

bad

a., first,

(Bako.), chrysalis. of the first time,

first.

ulcers.

vana

kintete, adv., at

Kinsamu, 5, Kinsamuna,

.,

news, intelligence.

5, n.

Kintungila, 5, n., a column (of smoke), a columnar cloud, the pillar of

cloud.

mwana

kinsamuna mpasi ko (Proverb),

a
a long story short.
adj.,

kakala
to.

make

Kintwadi,
ship.

5,

.+ communion, com-

munity, fellowship, companion-

-akinsamuna,

unknown before,

long a mystery.

Kinyambi,
from

5,

n.

In the year 1885

diambu

(7)

diakinsamuna, won-

there appeared in

derful news, astonishing intelof someligence, the information

Kongo people Luanda or thereabouts

:

telling the following story

thing surprising which was never heard of before, the explanation or clearing up of a mystery.

caught a fish, and was proceeding to kill it the fish

;

man

Kinsanga, vongola
Kinsansa,

5,

n.

kinsanga,
n.
v.,

v.,

to

weep

profusely.
5,

sika e kinsansa,
finger

to

snap the

begged him not to kill it, for any one drinking water which came from its mouth (or in which it had remained for any time) would never die by fair means or from natural causes ;
only by witchcraft could their death be accomplished. This water was hawked about the

&
5,

thumb.
a light green grasswhich makes a great
.,

Kinsia-mazi, hopper
fat ").

(?)

noise at night

(edible,

"very
(?)

Kinsiedi,

5,

a green grasshopper

country and believed in very thoroughly by great numbers even in San Salvador itself. It
really promised very little, when the firm native belief in witchcraft
is

which makes a great noise

night (edible).

at

Kinsiedi,

5, n.

(Bako.), a small black

remembered

it

was,

fish.

Kinsukulu,

5, n.,

the fruit of a variety

6).

nevertheless, a great success as a means of duping the ig-

of the egg-plant (Lezo,

norant, foolish people.

When it

Kinsusubwila,
fowl.

5,

n.,

a very small
hidden,
con-

was seen that the purchasers

traffic

-akinswekamena,
cealed, secret.

a.,

died like ordinary mortals the Note elembe, ceased.

kiyoka (App.)

for like crazes.

849

Ki\ Kiv
Kita, continued.
[pi.

Kinyenge, Kinyengese,

* 5>

(Ba ko.), sand.

izazi, 5, n., a hard, white, bright metal, such as tin and the al-

(H;iko.)], reflection.
v.i.,
v.t.,

Mta

shadow, shade
roar.

loys of tin, antimony hard tin solder.

&

lead or

Kitima, Kitima,

to

burn up with a

to shudder, shake (with cold, fear or horror), to (6) or

(4)
is

mze, 5,.,a cricket (small), hence

insects
rally.

ntima
tioned.

generally men-

of

that

species gene-

Kinzieta, 5, //., the surroundings, environment.

6 kinzieta, adv., all round, around. fonga e kinzieta,?'., to sit around.

v.i., to undergo a radical change (of heart, not of outward shape). Kitumuka, v.i., to start, jump with

Kitumuka,

pain, fright or shock.

Kinziongololo,
pool.

5,

n. (Bako.),

a whirl-

Kinzola-nzola,
petite,

5, n.,

insatiability, ap-

haste

(for),

craving

also

an insatiable person.

Kinzunga,

5,

.,

solitariness, loneliness.

about a change outward form). Kiubi, 5, n. (Bako.), an axe. Kiubula, v.i., to swallow whole or (of liquids) with one gulp. Kiudi, 5, n., one who is accursed

Kitumuna,

?/.,

to bring

(of heart, not of

-akinzunga,
e kiokiolo, e kiolo,
1 f

a.,

lone, solitary, stand-

ing alone.
(pi. 7),

ongeye u kiudi, you are cursed. Kiudi, 5,w. (Bako.), a good place, fine
situation.

adv., excessively
;

bitter

o nlongo

una
is

Kiumbu,
Kiundu,

5,

n. (P.
n.,

chumbo),

lead.

wina

e kiolo, that

medicine

5,

a scent

(a hunting

excessively bitter. Kiolo, 5, ., a huge kiolo kia nioka, a huge snake. Kiololoka, v.i., to utter a cry of surprise,

term), a whiff of scent,

small,

some

very imperfect intelligence of something. Kiusi, 5. n. (Bako.), a boy, lad.

be astonished, astounded, amazed.

5,

Kivova.

muna
(I,

kivova
c.)

(wina kuna), what

say
is

Kiongomena,

n.,

reluctance, fear,

that

(he

is

dread, shrinking. kala ye or sia e kiongomena,

reluctant, &c.
5, n. (Zombo), fire. Kipalu, adv., quickly. Kipodi, 5, ;/. e kipodi, adv., on trust, on

there).
v.,

be

Kivunda, Kiwa.
that
I

5, n.,

whooping cough.
,

Kioto,

muna kiwa
;

what

(I,

&c.) hear

is

muna kiwa vo
is
//.,

wele,
(of).,

hear that he
(kia),
5,

gone.

credit,

on

Kiyekwa

charge
v. t to

account, without interest being chargeable until date ; to take

authority (over).

kala ye kiyekwa kia,

charge
sia e
in
of.

be

aa

anything e kipodi implies that a date of settlement has been

fixed,

kiyekwa
charge
5,

kia,

v.,

to

place

and

if

the article

for

then,

no

usury

paid will be

is

of,

make

responsible

for.

charged.

Kiyibri,

n.,

the

Hebrew language
pay a
visit to.

Kiswa,

5,

.,

babyhood.

&
Kiyila,

customs.
to visit,
n.,

Kita, v.t+iQ buy up. Kita, 5, ;/., something appearing so

vividly to the

v.t.,
5,

Kiyitu,

the place where one's

mind

that

it is

as

relations live.

though

visible to the eyes.

Kiyoka,

5,

n.

About the year

3
I

1872-

KiY-Kiz
Kiyoka, continued. some natives

850

Kiyowa-nkiila, continued.
of

Luanda

(?)

camwood

all

over the body on

of the

country through the preaching a crusade against

fetishes of all kinds,

came

so festal an occasion). Kizengi, 5, n., the language

and the

disorder of the country, inducing the natives in town after

town to destroy

all their fetishes,

mystery (p. 506). The vocabulary is but small, and very feeble as a sample of insome examples are genuity
;

Ndembo

assuring them that since death and sickness came by the exercise of the black art,

which every
then every

one

fully believes,

if

were destroyed, and no more made, there would be no more death or suffering. Far and wide the most strenuous efforts were made to accomplish
fetish

given below. Where there is no special word, the ordinary Kongo word is preceded by the syllable ne, and when it is desired further to hide it Iwa
is

added

ke diainbu ko mba-

the destruction of all charms

to that

tukwenda appears thus: ke ne diambulwa ne ko ne kiayi kia nengundu yalala tukwenda ne ngyalala.
zi

happy end. They also denounced the lawlessness &

violence of the

"bokota, to speak.

country, rob-

fimba, to seek. kiabandwa, a head.

bery and murder were rife, travelling impossible (see elembe), the strong chiefs raided enslaved at pleasure. They suggested a series of draconic laws, which enacted that a murderer

kiayi kia nengundu, to-morrow. nebweyi=aweyi, how, what. nefinibi, a dog, a searcher, spy. nekiabandwa, a head. nemavuzi, a fowl.

or one who attempts murder must be put to death, no matter of what rank or for what cause, all raids even in self-defence violence to be punished by
;

nemhumba, luku pudding. nembweno, an eye.

nembwesena, nempetekwa,
to see.
leg.

nemionzi, an arm or

vegetables, greens.
uninitiated

the chiefs of the district, & instituted the system of nkuwu,

after village acceptVillage ed these suggestions, burned their fetishes, and adopted the system of nkuwu; even Ntotela,

nengwilu, an ear. nenkulu - nenkulu, an

person.

nentoko,

finery.

nenzwanga, meat.
neputu,
fire.

in

San Salvador, had

to

bow

to public opinion,

although

vador.

kiyoka never entered San SalThe time of this dawning of a golden age, as they expected, is called the tandu

nesansilu, a house. nevodia, a month. nevonda, a gun, knife, stick or any instrument of murder.

ngunguka,

to depart, leave.

kia nkuwu.

Note

also

elembe

ntodia, pipe (tobacco). tika, to die or sleep. tikisa, to eat or drink.

kinyambi for like national movements and fancies.

Kiyowa-nkula,
(so called
5, tf.,

the bridegroom from the custom* of

toka, to boil. yalala, to go. yoya, to speak.

wamba,

water.

rubbing a cosmetic of powdered

zonongwa, yesterday.

KOB-KOM

Koba, Koba,

6,

//.

(Bako.), a
to

lip.

v.i.,

be thoroughly estabfurnished,
well

Koko, continued. moko kwalu,

i.e.

to return or send

lished,
set

settled,

or receive with

much

respect,

up,

well

found,

get

a
;

with the palms of the hands

thorough hold (as a disease}

lansa,

twatoma koba muna Kifwaup in French o yela kukobele, the disease has taken a thorough
;

kwalu

uppermost. probably from the

Mbamba

we were

well

word kwala=yala.

Koko, locative. -a koko ya kuna,

eternal, then

a.,

everlasting,

hold.

&

for ever.

Kodi-kodi,

6, n.

(Bako.), thirst.

Kokoma,

v.i.,

to

stutter,

stammer,
in

Kofoka,
in,

v.i.,

to

be indented, battered

have an impediment
;

one's

concave.

-akofoka,

a., indented, concave, retreating (of the forehead), hollow (of the eyes).

speech, also to vacillate (of the mind) ntima andi uko-

koma kaka,
lates,

his

mind
this

vacil-

now

inclined

way,

a rough or old cloth to wear at one's work. Koka, v.t. + to be quit of a business or palaver, to have finished some important matter or work,

Koka,

6,

;/.,

now that. Kokoma, 9, n., hesitation,

stuttering.

vacillation,
v., to

Kokomesa
late,

ntima

(4),

vacil-

to be
out,

released

also to

come

be very changeful mind.

in one's

to

be knocked out (of a tooth), a flower when fall (as

;

Kokomoka,
Kokosi,

v.i.,

to

move

heavily

&
;

slowly, to

go

in

a mass.

withered)
(lit.

antu, koka o meno,

! !

what a dense surging

out).

crowd people one's teeth knocked

(Bako.), to
to

6, 11., a huge, immense thing se tadi, e kokosi ya mpungi, look at those huge tusks of

ivory.

Kokama,

v.i.

become preg-

Kola,

6, n.,

a small branch which can

nant.

Kokama,

v.i.,

be caught, ensnared,
(Bako.)

entrapped.

Kokanisa,
Koka-titi,

v.t.

= komba

be broken off easily by the hand. Kole, adv., in the second place. e ngingu kole, see ngingu, App.

Koleka,

(Bako.), App.
6, ;/., an ivory horn giving the note of lower "do "in the

v.i. (Bako.), to take a thorough hold (as a disease), become very severe mpazi zingi zikolekele
;

muna
Kolela,

nitu andi,

his sufferings

chord to which they are

set.

became very

great.

iokeka, z/./.+to catch (with a or snare), ensnare.

hook
off,

v.t., to trim (a lamp), the ash off (a torch).

knock

v.t.+ draw
fetch

away, lead

Kolowa,

2,

;/.

(P.

coroa), a crown,

away (in quantity), to lead away by fair promises or excuses,

6,
.,

diadem.

Kolwa

(6)

kia malavu

(pi.

8),

tela, ela,

seductive promises.

(Bako.), a wine-drinker, a drunkard.

Koko, 9, 11. yala o moko, v., to hand or receive upon the open palms of the hands, an attitude of great or due respect. vutula or twika or tambula yo

Komangesa,

v.t.,

to

ram, crowd, force

(things into something).

Komba,

v.t.

(Bako.), to clean a child

to

which has made a mess.

Komboka,

v.i.,

go,

come, move,

very slowly or stealthily.

KOM-KUB

(852

-akomboka, p., slow. Komboloka, v.i., to be shrunken in (of the abdomen of an emaciated
person).

Konto (Bako.)= konso. Kota (nmna), v.i., to cost (altogether) zikotele muna ntaku tanu,
they
cost
five

ntaku

kwa
cost?

Komoka, Komoka,

v.i.,

to rot

&

swarm with

kikotele?

what did

it

maggots.
to slowly wear away, disappear, erode, fade.
v.i.,
7/.z'.,

mu kwa
be reduced to ashes. reduce to ashes.

ikotele yau eyole? did they cost the two? e nkombo zame zikotele mnna

how much

Komoka, Komona, Komona,

to to

v.t.,

v.t.,

to slowly

wear away,

goats cost gether 500 brass rods. Kotama, v.i., to be sad.

ntaku 500, my

alto-

erode.

Koteka,
;/.,

v.t.,

to

make

sad.

Kompodia,

6,

a pot-hole, a great

Kosi,

6, n., integrity,

cavity.

uprightness, propriety, correctness of behaviour,

style

Kompola, v.t., to render concave. Kompoloka, 7Az'.=:komboloka, App. Kona, v.t., to scrape off (something
which has been daubed on or
has adhered).

manner,
-akosi,
a.,

or diction.
cor-

rect,

right, just, proper, in good grammar

and
|

idiom, thorough, most profound.

dry. Koya, v.i., to be hard e koyo (pi. 6), adv., very dry & hard (when used in reference to the
;

Kona, 7/.z'., to be compressed. Konda, v.t.+to endeavour by

question

one

&

another to find out

face] with a scowl.

another's intentions.

Krisolite,

2, n.,

chrysolite.

and kill or catch. Kondelela, v.t.+to watch (with evil

Kondeka,

v.,

to stalk

Krisoprase,

2, n.,

chrysoprase.

purpose).

Koneka,
Koni,
6,

v.t.,

to compress, press.

pressure (dynamic or moral), the platen of a printing or other press.

n.,

Ku, 6, ;/., stocks, fetters. oku mpe, still, however, yet, at the same time, in estimating pros. & cons.; edi mbenze vo i yandi, kansi oku mpe, ke mpolo andi ko, 1 think that it
is

Konka

dio (yo), v.t., to arrange it with (someone), make an arrangement bakonkele dio yo
;

he, but

still it is

not his face

mfumu
ranged
town.
it

evata, they arwith the chief of the

wau...oku mpe, while. ..at the same time wau nzolele kio sumba, oku mpe kina ya nzimbu ko, while I want to buy I have no it, at the same time
;

Konko-tatu, 6, n., a triangle. Konkolola, v.t., to take under one's protection, to assume the care of, to take charge (as an orphan, helpless or destitute person).

money.

Kuba,

v.i., toll,

to crow, strike (of a clock),

ring (of a bell)

edingi-

dingi

ekoko

diame dikubi-

Konkota, v.t., to fix, settle, appoint. konkota e lumbu (6), to fix the day.
Konso, rt. + each, every. konso is frequently followed by yo (&c.), as below, the yo not being konso translated in English muntu ye mbele andi, every
;

di nkuba tatu, my fowl crowed three times at midnight. Kuba, v.t., to contribute, give a contribution.

Kuba,

v.t., to begin to build a house, put in the mainpost, the first sticks or stones, lay the foun-

dation.

Kube,

2,

man

his knife.

-akube,

a.,

(Fr. cube), a cube. cubic.

KuB-Kr.M
Kubika,
a decision in ?'./., to prepare a court, to consider a sentence,

Kuku,

6,

;/.,
(>,

a small hoe.
11.,

Kuku,//.

rough, dirty appear-

come
ter),

to decision, to

make up

one's mind, determine (a mat-

ance, grirne, tarnished, kala e kuku ye mvindu,.?'., to be

judge.
?'./.,

grimed with
advise, counsel, re-

dirt.

Kubikila,

to

Kukula,

v.t.,

to catch
v.t.,

and carry away.

commend.
kaktitukubikila

Kukumuna,
twasoneka,
he

to carry

away

(as

flood or crowd).

advised us to write.

Kubulula,
(as

?'./.,

to bring up, train

up

Kukundidika, v. reft., assume airs &

one's station in

to be ambitious,

position above
life.

a child).

Kubululwa, 6, ;/., a foster-child. Kufianunga, v. rcfl., to try, make an attempt to do something, well knowing it to be hopeless.
Kufwila,
v. reft., to

Kula,

T/./.-f-to

buy

at a high
to

or any

price.

Kulaka, Kulakasa,

v.

refl.,

elbow one's

die of one's

own

accord, not by external violence,

perish, to

violently (into a place), to force oneself into. Kulana,!'./'., to chase the fleeing in war.
\

way

without tJie above idea, to be dead & beyond all hope, to be utterly destroyed & of no further use, to become
also,

Kuluka,

v.t.

+ to

take a thorough hold

to carry
as-

(of a disease).

Kulula, TA/.-HO urge one not

out his intention.

useless, to come prove abortive.

to

nothing,

Kululuka,

v.i.,

to be very

much

kufwila owu...ko,

conj.,

not losing

tonished, to be astounded, wonder, marvel, also to make a

sight (allowing to become noin spite , thing) of the fact that

noise expressive of the above.

Kuluntu, 6
ority,

&

12, n.,

headship, senielders.

of the

fact

that
if;

although,

assembly of the
to scratch.

though, even

kufwila OWU

Kuluta,

v.f.,

insamunwini wo ko, although I told him so kufwila OWU kena ko vo mwana ame, al;

Kuma,
Kuma,
e

7/./.+to erect, set up, locate,

place, fix (a day).

6, n.

though he
go.

is

my

owu okwenda
kufwila
ting

son ; kufwila ko, even if you

conj.,

ke kala

mu kuma ko
v., to

kuma,
v.f.,

or lembwa be innocent.

Kuma,

wau

ko,

notwith-

kuma
Kuma,

mongo a fwa,
to pause.
9, sing.,

to ascend, climb, to breathe

standing that,

still,

not forget-

the last gasp.

v.i.,

what was before mentioned

or

Kuka, v Kukengesa,

ransomed. v. reft., withdraw from fellowship, cut oneself off from

society.
v.
reft.,

in spite of it. i., to be redeemed,

Kumatele,

a friend.

Kumba, v.i., to be much talked

Kukenka,

to

keep

far from,

noised abroad, be in every one's mouth (used of information or of the subject of the report, whether good or bad).
of,

to avoid very carefully, be very cautious, circumspect, discreet.

Kumba,

v.f.+to

plane
to

or

make a
at,

smooth

level surface.

Kukita,

v. reft., to

make

oneself out

Kumbama,
Kumbi,
the
6,

v.i.,

be
at.

always

(to be), to feign,

Kukolela,
well

refl.,
:

pretend (to be). to prosper, hence the

generally found
n.,

one

who has been

of

farewell
;

nwiyikolela, fare ye wiyikolela, farewell.

initiated

in the "mystery"'

Elongo or the Eseka.

KUM-KUS
Kumbi,
6,

(854
n.

(Bako.)

= madiuka
be-

Kundakana,
crossed.

v.i.,

to

lie

across,

be

(App.).

Kumbi-kumbi, 6,., a lady-bird. Kumbulula, v.t., to begin at the

ginning
all

Kundakesa,

v.t., to place one athwart another, to cross ; to heap on,

&

go carefully through

pile on.

the details of (a narrative). Kumbulwila, v.t., to shout at derisively

Kundalala,

roar
to

with scornful

laughter.

v.t., to stand or appear high up above others to tower, be lofty, exalted, great, very noble, honoured.
;

Kumona,

v.

refl.,

come

to

one's

senses, recover consciousness.

Kumosi (kuma
the

understood), adv., in

v.t., to make great, noble, to exalt in station, to honour. Kundika, v.t., to put more, add to.

Kundidika,

same manner or way, the same, of the same mind, of one

accord, of one opinion even.
;

Kundikila,

v.t.,

to raise

up upon some

support.

as well,

Kunga,

v.t.,

to gather together.

kala kumosi yo

(&c.), to

ings, intercourse, terms with.

have dealbe on friendly

Kungendela, v.t. (applied form of kwenda, with prefix of the \st pers.}, to go for me. Kungizila, v.t. (applied form of kwiwith prefix of \st pers. come for me. Kungu, 6, n., a height. Kuniunga, v. refl., to enter rudely or
za,
sing.}, to

oyandi okwenda kumosi, he goes

as well or even he goes.

Kumpa, \v.t. + to Kumpika,/ proper

length
;

set right,

make
proper

or

of

to cut neatly.

without leave.

Kumu,

6, n.,

the efficacy, practical re-

Kunka

(e

diambu),

v.t.,

to repeat

an
it

sult, effect.

instruction to
is

make

sure that

-akumu,

a., effectual, effective.

understood.
v.i.,

Kumuna,

v.t.,

to

wonder
to

Kumvalala,

v.i.,

at, marvel at. be stoically indif-

Kunkuka,

to get,

from some
dethroned,
dicate.

ferent, altogether regardless of what is said or done, be obsti-

come, down high position, be degraded, to absur-

nate

also to arrogate to oneself

to

muna

bwa yo kunkuka,
(lit.

a high position, be arrogant.

rounded by dangers
to fall

amid

Kumvika. Kumvidika, )
nate.

v.t.,

make

arrogant,

to totter

&

fall).

-^

render

stoical, obsti-

Kunkuka,

Kuna,
-a

12,

.,

a breed, "strain," stock,

of a

to be complete, perfect, quite finished. Kunkula, v.i., to take, push, pull,

v.i.,

family, race.

kuna wambote,

good

stock.

down from some high position, to order to come down, dethrone, depose, degrade (used in reference to persons only).

Kuna, locative. kuna kwa, interj., what a (in ridicule or surprise) kuna kwa
;

Kunkula,

nzongo oh, what a charge tuka kuna ya kuna, from one

! !

v.t., to complete, perfect, bring to perfection.

Kusakidika,

v. refl., to

humble one's
moderate or
to

place to another.

self; to take too

Kunda,

v.i.,

to

make
;

one's
to

home,
remain

fre-

too small a quantity.

quent,

haunt

at

Kusaula
Kusemba,
Kusfcmba,

yo, v.

refl.,

be

angry

home
Kunda,
6,

or in stock or in hand. a layer, a stratum, story .,

with.
v. refl., to scold one's self. v. refl., to boast, brag.

(in

a building).

Kus-Kuv
isenga, v.
refl., to reveal, expose one's self to view, to discover one's self,
,

Kuvaka,

continued.
c.,

carry,

something beyond
to
affect

one's

power),

great
preten-

ditomene kusenga vo
clear that

it is

very
set

abilities.

Kuvaka,
to,

9,

//.,

assumption,

Kusia muna,
one's

v. refl., to give or

tiousness.

self

to

devote one's
v., to

Kuvalala,

v.t.

see

kumvalala, App.

self to, to take

up with,

Kuvava,

kusia vana esambu dimosi,

be partial
(in

judgment).

take one's self off, withdraw, to leave as one avoiding observation, also to be
v. refl., to

Kuta, Kuta,

v.t.,

to tie.

estranged,
to

indifferent,

distant,

capital in trade, the sum of one's belongings, property,

6, n.,

possessions, capital in slaves other effects which may be

realised.

have nothing to do (with =muna), to keep clear of. Kuvavila, v. refl., provide or care for
one's
self.

Kuvidika, ?/./.=kumvidika.

Kutalala, v.t., to be drawn into folds or puckers, to pucker up. Kutamina, v. refl., to be allowed to

Kuvukika,
Kuvula,

v. refl., to deceive one's

self, to

pretend.

v. refl., to

throw something throw something

have one's way, do, choose, c., as one will, to have free course,
carte blanche.

huge

into the water.

v.t.,

Kuvumuna,

to

Kutamisa,

v. refl., to

allow any one to

great into the water. Kuvungika, v. refl., to deceive one's

self, to

do, choose, &c., as he likes, to give carte blanche.

Kuvunina,

I,

pretend. n., a hypocrite, dissemto

Kutidika,

v.t.,

to

draw together

in

folds or puckers, to

pucker up.

bler, one who pretends what he is not.

be

Kuti-kuti, 6, n., a crowd, herd, flock, group, cluster. Kutisa, v.t., to gather (things) together. Kutisa, v.t., to allow to escape, have

Kuvunina,
-akuvwila,

9, n.,
a.,

hypocrisy, deception. of his (c.) own, be-

longing to himself; kena ya mbele akuvwila ko, he has no

knife of his own.

escape from one.

Kutu, Kutu,
sia

8, n.,

pi.

makutu

(Bako.), an

Kuwdmba,
go,

v.

refl.,

to

go

stealthily,

ear.
9, n.

without attracting attention, to

come,
out

get

away,
in,

matu ma mpu

(2),

brim of a
take
in,

hat.

through,

or

omu matu,

v., to

accept

being

interfered

pass without unwith,

&.

as true, believe.

scathed, unhurt, safely, safe

[utula, v.t. (the subject sonal], to prevent

must be perunkutwidi

sound

wele

ayiworabi, he

took himself off without interference.

kwenda yadi kwenda, he

prevented
itula,
v.t.,
v.t.,

my

to

buy

going, (a slave only).

Kuyekola,
up.

v.

refl.,

to

give

oneself
to effect

Kutwa, Kuva,

to escape (from peril).

Kuyekola (muna),

v. refl.,

-z'.z'.

+ to

unfit to

be very tough, tough be eaten, hence old

& &

one's release (from), get one's

self quit (oft).

useless.

Kuyenda,
attempt or assume
strive,

v.

Kuvaka,

v. refl., to

When

the prefix

ku

is

applied to the

something too great, to

endeavour, try
(to

do,

make,

kwenda, the resultant form is kuyenda, to go to. //

verb

KUY-KWK
Kuyenda,
continued.

856

Kwa,

continued.
a.,

follows the same rules as kuyiza, which see. Knyi-, see kwiyi, App.

-akwa kwa,
from
;

which

is

(c.) from,

kwa
is

hikau lualu luakwa Nlemvo, this present is

o

Kuyiza.

from Nlemvo.
the.

When

prefix

ku

applied to

Kwa- = ke
(

wa-) negative ofpref.2

;

kwiza, the resultant form is Kungiza, to kuyiza, &c. come to me kuyiza, to come to you (sing.} kunyiza, to come to him or her kutuyiza, to come to us kunuyiza, to come to you (pi.} kubayiza,
; ;

pers. sing, applied to adjectives,

thou art not kwambote ko, thou art not good. Kwa, see under kuma (p. 312). Kwaka click crack inter].,
! !
!

scratch

Kwaka,

v.,

run.
v.i.,

kwayiza or kwabayiza, to come to them. Its conjugation is like any other verb having y
for its initial, which has received the prcf. ku, kuyinga, to drive you; kungyeka(ku+n-(-yeka),
to appoint

Kwakidila,

to

run very
to

fast.

Kwakumuka,

v.i.,

cackle, talk on

endlessly.

Kwala (Mbamba), ^.=yala.

.,a stroke, mark, scratch. under koko, App. Kwamananana, v.i., to persist in, be

Kwalati,6,
see

Kwalu,

me, &c.

kimbevo

kiambi
Kuza,

kingizidi, a bad com-

ceaselessly, constantly ...ing.

plaint has come to me. v.t., to urge or exhort us to

Kwaminini,
no

6,

n.,

continuousness,

ceaselessness,

unceasing

per-

purpose.

formance
to

Kuzaya,
self

v.

re/1.,

come

to

one's

senses, sciousness.
v. reft., to

or

recover

con-

Kwanga, 6, kwanga kiatumbama,

bread.

perseverance. n. + bread,
of,

the shew-

Kuzengela,

Kuzengeneka,
vel.

be prejudiced. to be utterly astounded, dumbfounded, marv.

reft.,

Kwangula, ?/., to beat (with a stick). Kwankuna, v.t., to grind down.

Kwanza, Kwata,
v.t.

graze,
to

wound

(Bako.), to scratch the surface.

Kuzika,

v.t.,

make

very sure or se-

v.t.,

cure, tighten, insist very strongly

Kwatika,

v.i.,

catch, catch hold of. to scratch (as a claw or

to talk constantly.

upon, be very emphatic about, lay emphasis on, emphasize, be very earnest about, be diligent.

nail).

Kwaya,

v.i.,

Kuzolela,
Kuzolela,

v. refi.,

to be very strongwill.

Kwayala,-^./., to be sore (of the throat). Kwempa (Kib.), v.t., to scrape (=ve-

willed.
9,
.,

mpa).
strong

Kuzuka

e elongi (8) or o nkanikinu (4), &c., v., to act contrary to instruction or advice or order,
&c., to transgress.

Kwenda, v. + to ebb (of the kwenda e bambala (6),

or the same, be

tide).
v., to

ac-

cord, agree, coincide, be equal

fulfilled.

Kwendelela,

Kwa,

6,

11.,

a portion, allotted part,

share.

-akwa,

a.,

clan,

of (such and such a town, o Nsafu akwa Kic.)

; ;

go hurriedly or (of things) get bundled in, get in by mistake. Kwendelela, v., to go in abundance
v.i.,

to

(of things).

mbanda, Nsafu of Kimbanda a mfumu zakwa Ewombe, the chief of Ewombe.

Kwendelelwa,
in

v., to have come to one abundance, to have abun-

dance.

857)
Kwendelesa, v., to take, have too many, to take in abundance.

K \VK-L.\K
9,
;/.

Xwilu,

(Makuta), greed, greedito blaze.

c.

ness.
|

Xwenkona,
Kweza, Xwezeka,
}

v.t.,

to prevaricate. to

Xwima,

v.i.,

v.t.,

impress a mark,

to

Xwina

ye, there are... at,

v.i.,

press upon

&

leave a

Xwitama,
fixed
,

to

be

firm,

immovable,
or fasten

mark, print, imprint, make an

impression. Kwezi, 6, ;/., a doctor's fee, the perpay of a blacksmith. quisite

or tied

Xwitika,

v.t.,

firmly. to fix or tic

firmly,

immovably.

Xwiyi-

Kwezi,

6,

;/.,

for

a machine or apparatus impressing or printing, a

v.t.

(or kuyi), prefix applied to verbs in the formation of tlic

;

printing press.

kwiyisonga,
to
finish
off

reflexive Jonn ; songa, to show to show one's self.

Xwezika,
well,

(Bako.),

Xwezo,

6,

add a good finish. ;/., an imprint, impression,

v.i.,

Xwiziwa, v. oku kukwiziwa-j-some

tually, all in

day, even-

due course.

something imprinted.

Xwikana,

to

be believed (of a
;

matter), to be agreed, arranged

L.
-ala, a.

ozevo dikwikanini,
then.

it

is

agreed

Xwikanisa,
lieved.

v.t.,

to cause to

be be-

mala (malongo
Laba,
v.t.,

understood), a far country, far away.

to spin or plait loosely, coils or plaits far

Xwikanisa,?/., to give orjo'm in assent. Xwikaziana, v., to believe each other,

to agree together.

making the
apart.

Xwikidila,
son).

v.t.,

to

believe

(a

per-

Labisa, Labula,

v.t.

(Bako.), to beckon.

v. (Bako.), to steal.

Xwikidisa,
tive

v.i.

(when not

tJie

causa-

of kwikila), to join in the belief, be convinced. This form is not a causative, but the sel-

dom-applied form

which

de-

Laka, v.t., to throw. Laka, v.i., to get into great trouble. Laka, v.i., go & return quickly. Lakala, v.i., to pant. Laka-laka, 6, n., thirst.

notes assistance rendered in

an

Lakama,

action ; see yelesa, sadisa, kembesa; so kwikidisa may be

the causative of kwikila, &- so mean to cause to believe, i.e. to

v.t., to continue or persist in following, annoy, pester, to stick to a thing ; to persist in, to...

constantly.

Lakama,
Lakata,

v.i.,

to be thrown, cast

down.
dark.

or to be one with convince those who believe, i.e. be con;

kuma (9, ku-) lakama, to grow

v.i.,

to

vinced.

(there is
)
.,

go or come ever so far a grumble implied at

[wikisi, 6 (Bako.),
[wikizi, 6,

that

which

is

the distance].

j believed, belief, creed, faith, religion in that sense something to call for belief, evidence of truth.
;

Lakika, v.t., to throw down (on to the ground or into water). Lakukwa o moyo (3) or ntima, v., to
be inflamed, burning, longing
intensely anxious, intensely, Used in the desirous to have.

[wikizi,

trustworthy nature, faithfulness, reliability, worthiness of all trust confidence,

12,
11.,

appliedform (lakukilwa) where

the object is named,
&~*

-akwikizi, a., sure, reliable, trustworthy, faithful.

takes its

place immediately after the verb.

LAK-LEK
Lakukilwa
for,

858

moyo

(3),

v.,

to long

Landula,
Landulula,
v.t.,

patient, long-sufferto repeat over

be possessed of a consuming passion for, also to be

to

&

over

longed for by (kwa). Lala, v.i., to be lost, disappear. Lalabu, 6, n., a gossip,

again.

nkento ne

lalabu, a gossip.
to
sit

Lalamena,
hatch.

v./.,

on eggs,

to

Langala, v.t., to be lost hopelessly, to be gone or go away never to return ofwidi olangele kwandi, he is dead & gone for ever.
;

Langi,
a place by the roadside
is

12, n.,

water-weed.
lacerar), very sharp.

Lalu,

6, n.,

-alasala,
) )

a. (P.

where food
Lalula,
v.t.,

offered for sale.

to take off the

surface

(superficially, water, earth, &c.).

If dust

&

rubbish

has

been

the chips swept together rubbish is taken off the top of the heap, leaving the sand & earth, this would be lahlla, i.e. to take off that which is on the
top.

v.t., to rake out (an ember Lava, Lavula, only) from the fire. Laya, 7'. + to wink nga olele e ? laya kelaya kwandi, is he well ? he e winks, i.e. he is well alive
;

diambu laya dilaya,

it is

only too or perfectly (//'/. the matter winks,

before one),
it

(was) evident

is

living

is

quite certain,

beyond
to

all

question.

Lalwa,

want very much, but not have any chance of obtaining.

v.,
v.t.,

Laya,

v.t.,

to spy, reconnoitre, scout,

Lama,

to

be or become responto cogitate, thoroughly

Layisa,

sible, liable for.

inspect, survey.. v.t., to cause to wink, hence to do anything so quickly as to be

Lamba,

v.t.,

turn over in one's mind, to give full consideration to a matter,

to judge, weigh one's mind.

unobserved undayisi o meso, he did it so quickly that I did

;

not observe

it.

a matter

in

Layiswa,

v.i.

meso -layiswa,
happen
;

Lambakesa,

Lambula
Lamuna,

to count carelessly. e lumbu (6), v., to defer or

v.t.,

postpone or put

off the day. " stick to a thing," v.t., to

eye twinkling of an eye (of our eyes), instantaneously.

to have (a thing) the twinkling of an meso tulayiswa, in the

in

retain, not give up, so steal.

Landa, v.t. + \.o make a remark on what has been said.

Landa

o (pL- 7), v.t., to torture, to treat in an exceedingly

cruel manner.
v.t.,

mambu

Lazula, 77./.=landula, see p. 319 App. Lsba, v.t., to smear on thickly. Lebangana, v.i., to be weak. Leboka, v.i., to be thickly smeared (of
grease, mud, &c.). Leka, v. i leka ke zaya diambu ko, ntala ku fula, kulombele (nkanda), I had not the least idea of anything of the kind or was in perfect ignorance of it all, when a lit. it was (letter) arrived sleep,
;

Landakana,

to follow
it

up

at

once
late),

(otherwise
to follow

may be

too

immediately

after,

be

next

to.

Landesa,
to

-z/./.+to send after or behind, send following banlandese nkunzi, they sent an embassy
;

to follow

him

up.

not knowing anything I

out,
it

look

Landi, 6, n., a follower. Landidila, v.t., to continue or persist

in following, to stick to a thing.

darkened
(o

(a letter).

o leka o

temona

laya o meso o
after

tiya

tukweme),

some

3ka, continued. time, some

Lemba,
time
elapsed

continued.

&

or spells of sorcery,
soothe,
i.e.

hence to
all

then

to

remove

pain

Leka

mpaka
i>.i.

(2),

v., to start

a dis-

&

annoyance,
to

&

so

calm

&

pute ^r questioning.

quiet,

civilize

by removing
;

Lekama,
e

the savage instinct

also pro-

mpaka
v.i.

(2, zi-)

lekama,a question

or dispute arose.
Lekela,

spectively to place under a protective influence or charm to

avoid^
to,

evil

+oku

kwalekela,

unto or be-

individual.

from befalling the This idea became

fore his (your,

c.) honour, grace, oku majesty, &c. kwalekela Ndompetelo, to the

excellency,

naturally allied with the use of "holy water," & even with the
service

honourable Ndompetelo ova diambu. oku walekela e Nto;

The charm
lemba
e ekesa

of baptism of infants. thus conferred is

to place a sol-

called elemba.
(8), v.,

tela e
it

Ntinu Enekongo, may

please your majesty, Ntotela, King of Kongo ; vana diadi

dier under such a spell that he

need have no
possibility of

fear, for

by

it

all

osakwidi

dia

lekela

sia
;

vo, twenda kuna kizolele ko kwenda

Kinsaku

ko ingeta,

as to your honour's suggestion that we should go to Kinsaku, I

harm or danger is removed. The nganga e elemba takes palm wine in a wooden plate or bowl, clips his
fingers
lips

into

it

&

do not wish
Lekelela,
for.
?'./.,

to go.

of the

soldier

touches the with the

to look forward to,

hope

front, the

back

Leko, Leko,

6,

.,

a sleeping-place.
(Bako.),a thing (=lekwa).

of his fingers, tells him never to look behind ^renter a house,

& &

then the front

6, n.

to blaze, burn fiercely. c., see Le'koka, ^., to be uncocked,

Lekoka,

?/.*'.,

but go war.

straight

away

to

the

lemba
all

sunga

(6), z/.,to

charm away
of

p. 321.

danger or
(i),

possibilities

Lekola,
Le"kola,

?/./.,
?'.,

to cause to blaze. to settle a matter, &c., see

danger. lemba o mwana

-z/.,

to christen

p. 321.
5,

a child

this

ceremony among

6,

;z:,

lack of diligence or energy

the people before the return of

in

one's

work or duty, neglect

of duty, procrastination. Jlela, v.t., hold upon the hands or

Romish priests to San Salvador in 1881, had become no better than a fetish ceremony, only

&

support gently with great care, bear up upon the hands.

3lelwa,
6, n.,

used in the case of lombo children (see lombo, App.). The

supporters, court, sur-

nganga

elemba takes palm

rounding, "entourage." lelelwa ya Nzambi, the universe of

Jlema,

wine & touches the child thrice as above described under le-

God, the (whole) creation. v., to be soft & smooth (as of

fine textures).
v.t.,

mba
lips.

e ekesa, only

it is

applied

to the forehead as well as to the

A man
is
is

or

woman

stands

Blemba,

to

do slowly, gently,

delicately. iba, ?/., to deliver

all

by, ezulll

&
"

called ese dia nzila

from or remove power or influence of evil

who
the

(way-to-heaven-father), of course the relic of

"
;

god-father

he must

al-

LEM-LOK
Lemba,
continued.

860)
Lenga,
6, n., a cloth worn over the breasts or over another good cloth to keep it clean, a pina-

ways receive respect from the

child.

Lembakana,

v.i.,

to

be unable

to.

fore,

apron.
.,

Lembalala, v.i., to be patient, gentle, meek, quiet, tame. Lembamiana, v., to be kind gentle
to each other.

a work apron. lenga kia salu, Lenga,//. 6, n., danger, trouble, difficulty.

-alenga,

a., difficult,

trying, trouble-

Lembeka, 6, n., shelter, booth. Lembeka, 6, //., a propitiation. something Lembekelwa, 6,

.,

some, dangerous.

Lengana
with

(ye),

T/./.,

to toil (at), to

have a

very laborious task, heavier than

which

to shelter oneself.
6,
;/.,

one knows how to accomplish.

of pro-

Lembekelwa,
Lembeleka,

means

Lengezia,

pitiation.
v.t.,

6, n., a very beautiful, precious thing, hence darling, sweet-

to

make

gentle, to

heart.

quiet down, soothe.

Lengola,
;

v.t.,

to anoint with
v.i.,

oil.

Lembi

-o sivika, v., to

wonder
e

nde-

Lengomoka,
the

to roll

about from
great

mbi yo
wele,
went.
I

sivika

ngyenda

side to side in the dust, as in

wonder much that you

Lenzi,

chief

homage to a very who is much feared.

ke lembi ko, v., to be sure or certain to ke belembi kuwila kwiza

;

8, ;/. (Bako.), fur on the tongue in sickness ; see elenzi (App.).

.,

ko, they will be sure to hear that you are come.

Leuka,
Leva,

Lsmbwa, used in the perfect lembelo as the mix. verb lembi, see p. ndembelo kio nata, I 696
;

tried in vain to carry

it.

(from la, length), to be, become, grow long. Levesa, v.t., to make long. Leveta, v.t., to taste a very little, try
v.t.

Lembwa,

adv., surely, certainly,

must

the flavour

of.

be wenda kaka muna nzila ina, ozevo, lembwa otoma ko luaka, go in that road, and you will reach

have

or

Lewoka,
Lezi,

v.i.,

to

be limp,

faint,

weared,
lad,
re-

weak.
6, n.,

a servant, child, boy,

little

youth,
rank.

girl,

servant,

there most certainly

e

lembwa
Lezo,

tainer, subordinate, inferior in

nzila vidisa kavidisi yo, surely 'he has or must have lost the road ;, lembwa fwa

6,

7z.

+ the
a
litre.

egg-plant (Solanum

Melongena).
Lino,
Lita,
2,
;/.

kefwa,
I will

he

will

surely

die

(P. linho), linen, flax.

lembwa nkala yaku,

surely

2, n., 6,

be with you. Lenda kwandi, he is or was able is or was he able ? Lendakana, v.i., to be possible. Lendakesa, v.t., to render possible,
;

Lo, pi.
;

n.,

excessive redness, bril-

liant red, intensity of redness.

Lo,

6,

n.,

convalescence,

restored

health.

mona
L6ba, Loba,

ke lendakesa ko, to hardly, scarcekulendakesa wo vanga ly... ko, you would scarcely do that.

restored to feel
v.i., v.i.,

e 10, v., to be convalescent, much better.

to

swim.

to challenge, to call another

Lendana,

v., to possess each other's goods, to have things in com-

Loka,

to fight. v.t., to

call,

shout,

cry,

wail

mon.

loudly.

86r

LOK-I.n:
of or ?'./., to come out be protruded from a hole or spathe, nsed only of something

Loka, continued. loka e mbila (2), to

Lokoso, Lokota,
10,
?'.,

Longomoka,
call.

//.,

noise, clamour.

to seek, want,
;

a very offen-

nki okwiza expression lokota, what do you want? what are you on the prowl after ?
sive

Lola,
Lole,

T'./.,

to mutter,

6,

;/.,

the

first

tuba

Me,

grumble, growl. shot in a fight, to fire the first ?'.,

long issuingfrom <t Jiole, <rs the tongue of a snake, a parasitic 'worm from the body or the piston rod of an engine, something of life or motion.

Longota, ?/., to investigate, to endeavour earnestly to know or

obtain.

shot.

Lombo, 6, ;/. dreams

pregnant woman of running water, rivers or snakes, or that her unborn child told her where she could find hidden treasure, she knows
If a

Lowela,

?/./.,

to catch

by cunning or
the

treachery. Lozi, 10, n., a noise

made when

new moon

that the child

isaLombo, an

in-

appears, at the birth of a child or decision of a tribunal,

carnation of a water-fairy. They are supposed to be able to give luck to any

so,
still

ta
Ill-,

lozi,-6/.,tomakethe above sound.

subjective

and

who ask them

to

do

minal prefix

objective pronoto verbs in non-

and have magical powers, as

retaining their fairy nature.

It is, therefore, unlucky to

thwart

remote tenses (Bako.), you, ye. lua-, the same as above before remote tenses (Bako.).

Lombo

or

refuse

favour, especially to

them a strike them

Lua,
o

6,

.,

a small patch of cultivated

ground.

on the head. Snakes are fond of water, and are considered to have relations with fairies (hence the inference from a dream about snakes), and a snake may never be killed in a house in which a Lombo was born, and in consequence such houses are sometimes infested with snakes.
See also

luaka

muna lumbu

ina

(&c.), adv.,

then, in those days. Luamba, 10, ., a water-bottle

travelling or campaigning.

for

Luambu,
vana
Luayi,

10,

.,

help, assistance, sucto render help,

cour, support.

luambu,
10, n.,

?/.,

succour, &c.

a nursing-sling.
10,
n.,

lemba

mwana, App.

Lubakanisu,

the causing to

idola, v.i., to start off; londola= to to begin to go ; londoka go, i.e. the subsequent action.

come

into a state of

harmony

&

concord, reconciliation.

Longakesa,

?/./.,

to instruct, cause to

Lubakanu, io,., reconciliation (pass.}. Lubalumukinu, 10, scolding, re.,

learn, make a pupil or disciple of, to disciple.

proof.

Lubangalu,
Lubanzilu,

10,

.,

torment.
a memorial, somerecollection,

Longesela, z/./.+to speak privately, secretly, in a whisper to longesela muna kutu (9), v., to say
into (one's) ear.

10,

.,

thing to recall memories.

Lubanzu,

10,

.,

memory,
10, n.,
10,

remorse.
to lust after (any

Longo,

10, n.

mwena
Longoka,

o longo,
to

v.,

Lubiangumunu, Lubiondomono,
seduction.

seduction.
.,

perversion,

one).
v.i.,

be instructed, taught,

Lubuka,

7/.z.=luka, to be aware, p.

learn.

328.

LUB-LUF
Lubula,
?/./.,

(862
to warn.

Lufutanmki,

10, n. (Bako.), resurrec-

Ludedemo, 10, n., a quaking. ludedemo lua ntoto, an earthquake.

Ludi,
e
6,
;/.

tion (passive}.

Lufwa,

diambu yanm
clear,
it is

ludi,

it

is

quite
set es-

all about the 10, w. death, the cause of death, reason for being put to death, the process

very certain.
v.,

of death or dying.

Ludika,

v.t.

(mid.

lulama), to

straight, in order, arrange,

or government, also to congovern, manage sider or approve of as correct, right, good, prove to be true.
tablish

order

Lufwalakazi, 10, ;/., the name of the fetish which is supposed to remove the curse of widowhood. kota o lufwalakazi, v., to be placed under its spell.

When

Luduku, Luduvuku,
Lue,//.
6,

10,

#.,

abuse, bad lan-

a man loses his wife, or a woman her husband, the be-

\
.,

guage.
cleverness, talent, great

ability.

greed. Lueba, 10, Luengoloka, v.i., to be

.,

clever, talented.

reaved seeks the doctor of lufwalakazi. The doctor gives the bereaved a raw egg, and the bereaved enters his house, and never sees the sun for six

Luema,
Luenze,

10,
.,

.,

a desire, longing.

-aluenia,

sickening, disgusting.

10, .,.an ivory horn giving " " the note of upper mi (or 3rd) in the chord to which they are
set.

He may only go outside days. at night. He sleeps on a palmbasket (ntete). At dawn of the
seventh day the relatives of the deceased (nzadi) come to fetch the bereaved out of the house men if a man, women if a woman. If a man, for instance, he is conducted, with the basket he slept upon, to a stream where
;

Lnetola,

10,

.,

loquacity,

endless

Lufa,

v.t.,

light talk. to displace, expel

by taking up the place occupied by the

content-

Lufiauku,

thing expelled. 10, n., comfort,

ment, gratification, happiness. the cause or Lufiaulwisu, 10, causing of peace of mind.
.,

is plenty of water. One of the relatives throws his basket into the stream, scrapes his

there

Lufiatu,

10, n.

(from P. confiar), con.,

tongue with a knife, thoroughly shaves him and pares his nails, then makes three little cuts on

fidence, trust, hope.

Lufuma,

10,

cruelty.

Lufundisilu, 10 (passive}, judgment, the process of being judged. (active applied), a process by which
to judge.

Lufundisu,

10,

.,

judgment

(active},

the process of judging. Lufunzuku, 10, n., defilement, foulness.

and then seizes the bereaved by the neck and dips him three times thoroughly under the water (sukula o mfwidi). He then returns to the town two fowls are killed, a cock and a hen. The relatives of the deceased partake, the men of
his arm,
;

the cock, the not a bone

;

women of the hen may be broken or

;

baka (o muntu)

o lufunzuku, v., to be disgusted with (any one), be highly displeased or vexed with

lost palm-wine is brought, and the bereaved anointed with oil

and camwood powder. At

set the

sun-

(any one).

bones of the fowls are

Lufutu,

10, n. (Bako.),

obstinacy, per-

versity.

carefully gathered and placed in a palm-leaf basket, and buried

86 3

LUF-LUM

Lufwalakazi, continued, at the foot of a young palm-tree.

Lukofi, continued.
lukofi, */., to clap in thanks, congratulation or surprise. Lukombo, 10, ., a knife having a
lateral curve

vuba

The

doctor then calls all present who have never been be-

reaved of cither husband or wife

(according to the sex) to tread in the ground over the buried bones. He then places a konko
(prohibition), that none of those who tread in the bones ever eat

used

in

out

wooden
1 1

rattles,
.,

hollowing &c.

Lukuba,

&
10,

2,
;/.,

a pillow.

from
this

a palm-nut, or anything made it, until a child be born To break to the individual.

means or manner in which redemption was accomplished. Lukufi, 10, ;/. (Bako.)=lukofi.
Lukudilu,
the

Lukulu,

10, n.,

Lukutakanu,
sembly.

10,

redemption (ac/.). a meeting, .,

as-

would

ensure a like be-

reavement.
then placed

A
in in

pumpkin pip
the

is

Lukwa,
to

?'.z'.,

to be

named

after, also

calabash

have named
10,

after one.

head worn

the necklace of

the bereaved, and three cloths of blackened palm fibre cloth (mbadi) are hung in his waist
;

Lukwikilu, Lulaka, 10,

n.

.+a religion (belief). (Bako.), the entrance

order,

Lulama,

to the throat, larynx. be set in v.t., to

the doctor's fee, say 50 strings of beads =about half the price of a fowl, and a calabash of

prepared,

ready, arranged,

be

governed, managed.

Lulembamu,
Lulondolo,
going.

10,
.,

.,

palm-wine, is then paid, and thanks duly rendered to the

doctor.

10,

means

humility. of coming or

The evil

spell is broken,

and the bereaved okotele

lufwalakazi.

10, ., readiness, preparedness, orderliness. Lulumuna, ?/./., to fail to help, with-

Lululamu,

Lufwanu, 10, Lufwasu, 10,

Luiku, 10, Luka, z/./.,
;/.,

.,

sufficiency, fitness.

hold assistance in a

crisis,

to

.,

destruction, perdition.

hang back

&

let

others bear
;

limit, extent,

boundary.

to

name

after (any one), to

Lukandu, 10, game or

give a family name. a close season for .,

fish.

the brunt of a struggle also to push, force, put out or along with violence (of living creatures only}.

Lumba,

ikandwilu, 10, #., an invocation of a blessing, a blessing (see kandwila). jukaya, 10, vana o lukaya lua kanga o wiki,
.

v.t., to mix up together, combine, blend, to adulterate, mix

adulterations with

mba olumba

nkia ndunteke a wumba, how do you mix the ke milumM pottery clay?
;

t/.,

to give permission.
10,
.,

mvindu yingi muna nkweza

nutekanga
Lurnbalala,
?/./.,

Jukayanisu,
up.

division, dividing

ko, do not put dirt

ikembeso, 10, jukendeleko, 10,

pity,

.,

praise.
.,

that which evokes

pitiableness, condition.
a.,

miserable

you sell. peep out of a hole, door,&c., just thehead appearing. Lumbana (muna), ^./., to be mixed
to
(in with).

in the rubber

ikendalalu,
tressing,
:ofi, 10,
11.,

very sad, very disto

Lumbidika,
&c., a

v.t.,

to stick (one's head,

much

be deplored.

little

way

out of a door

a clap, as below.

or hole).

LUM-LUN
Lumbuluka,
v.i.,

86 4

to

be thoroughly

proficient, well instructed, edu-

Lunganisa, Lunganisa,
Lungidlsa,

v.t.,

to

fulfil.

v.t.,

to assemble, call to-

cated, well-informed.

gether.
v.t.,

Lumbulula, ?/./., to thoroughly instruct.

to

cause to go
sufficient for

all
all,,

Lumbwa-mbokoso,
Lumonso,

10,

n.,

chatter-

round,

make
all,

box, noisy talkative fellow. 10, w.-*-the west.

a., left,

apply to

make

of universal

-alumonso,

western.

application, extend to all. Lungila, v.i., to suffice for (all),

be
to
to-

Lumpama,
set

be put together, in working order, be arv.i.,

to

ranged.

enough for, to fill a measure, go into every part or room, leave no part untouched.

Lumpeso,

10, n.,

an excuse, pretext,
artifice, wile,

stratagem,

Lungola-ngola, 10, ;/., a small otter having a white belly & flat tail.

kuna lumpeso,
Lumpika,
full
v.t.,

adv.,

on some ex-

Lungumvi-ngumvi,
tion with pride.

10,

n.,

intoxica-

cuse or other, by stratagem.

to put together, set in
its

Lungungu,
Ltingwa,

10, n.,

a wheel.

working order, arrange, put

place.
10, n.,

v.i.,

to

come

together, as-

everything into

semble.

Lumpintula,

loquacity.

Lumpinu, 10, n., a bowl, basin. Lumvungia-mvungia, 10, //., darkness, that of which we are conscious when there is an utter
absence of
e
light.
(6),

Lunianga, 1 1 & 8, ;?., grass lunima, adv., behind. Lunima-nima, adv., back
backwards,
sition,

(generic).

to

back,

in

an opposite po;

bi,

reversed yo wete yo lunima-nima, good and bad

10,
TZ.,

lunda-lunda

adv.,

running
rush

are the opposites of each other.

quickly. kwenda e lunda-lunda,

Lunkulu,
v., to

cruelty,

abominable

behaviour, bitterness of speech

along.

or feeling.

Lundalala,

to protrude, stick up high, stick out, stand out prov.i.,

-alunkulu,

a.,

cruel,

abominable,

shameful.

minently.

Lunkumfu,
a.,

10, n.

+ surliness, churlish10, n. (Kib.), 10, n. (Bako.),

)

-alundalala,
(of

protruding,

high

ness.

Lundangana,

the forehead). v.i., to rush.

Lunkunza-mbuku,
Lunkunza-nkonzo,
mantis.

Lundidika, v.t., to make up into a hump, to cause to protrude.

Lunseka,

10, n.,
a.,

a slope, slant,
sloping, slanting.

Lunduimina, ?/./.= lulumuna Lunene, 10, ;/., the east.

-alunene, right, eastern.

(App.).

-alunseka,

Lunseka,

10, n.,

edge, margin, brink,

verge.

Lunengananu,
ling crag.

10,

n.,

the edge of a

perpendicular precipice, a beet-

lunseka, adv., on the edge, brink,, bank, shore or side, on one

side.

Lunga-lunga,

v.,

to

keep watch over,

guard, take care of (a living creature or something movable).

o lunseka-lunseka, along the edge, &c.

Lunsunga-nkombo,
a mantis.

10,

(Makuta),

Lungana, v.i., to be fulfilled. nanga lungana vo, v., to be perhaps dinanga lungana vo, it is perhaps.
Lunganisa,
v.,

approve,

express a

Lunsoni-nsoni, 10, n., shame. kuna lunsoni-nsoni, adv., shame.

Lnntati,
10,
.

with

favourable judgment.

(from tata, to

stick),

.tati,

continued. great attachment, desire to be always with some one beloved

Luseko,

10,

//.,

provocation, irritation,

persistent

annoyance

(active}.

(as a child to its mother, not wishing to be for a minute even

Lusembo, 10, //., blame, censure. Lusengomono, 10, n., a revelation, the book of the Revelation.
Lusensemeko,
tion.
10,
;/.,

separate),

close
(to one's

a sticking
nestness.

application, work), ear-

praise, exalta-

Luseoko,
)

Luntoko-ntoko, Luntoko-toko,
age.

10, n.,

a lad of about

15 or. 16 years of

n. (pass.}, concision, 10, mutilation, the cutting off of a piece of flesh ; see seoka, App.
;/.

Luntongolozi,
careful

10,

;/.,

the

habit

of

Luseolo, 10, Lusiensie,

(act.},

as above.
2,
;/.,

II
/

&

the mid-rib

investigation,

inquisi-

tiveness, searching curiosity.

Lunungunuku, Lunungununu,
Lunziototo,
10,

10

10 (pass.}, \furtherJ ance, (act.},

of leaflet of a palm. Lusiensiele, \ Lusikidisu, 10, ;/., that which places a matter beyond question, a
certificate, assurance, certainty.

advancement.
very affectionate feeling, loving attachment, intense affection.
;/.,

Lusoka,

10, n.,

cracked

a system of mending first calabashes by

Lunzumbulu,
see

10,

.,

care, worry, the

c.
;

calking with the gossamer of palm spathes mixed with resin, and then putting little binders

burden of

duties, business,

zumbuluka, App.
10,
.,

mvuyi across the crack, then inserting the ends into the
of

Lunzungulu, orphan
Lusalu,
Jo,

loneliness,

an

body of the calabash,

state.
;/.,

tunga
capital,

lusoka,
n.,

v., to

mend

thus.
fall

property,

wealth, riches, treasure, goods

Lusunzi, 10, from a

an

accidental

tree.

possessed, possessions.

a benediction, a blessing invoked or pronounced. Lusambu, 1 1 & 2, ;/., a mat of palm

Lusambu,

10,

n.,

nganga who

(2)

a lusunzi, the doctor professes to be able to

10, n., the

treat such cases.

Luswaswanu,
Luta,
v.t.-\-to

nature of the

fibre

cloth 6 x

inch, used as

difference (between).

a currency in times past ; they still linger in use to the north

of Matadi.

overreach.
to

Lutakana,

v.i.,

go

in

some

direc-

Lusandululu, Lusangidika,
mit,

10, n.,
10,
;/.,

an examination.
the highest point
c.,

tion or pass some place otherwise than that at first deter-

mined, also to be mentioned,

disclosed, inadvertently.

of a house, rock, tree,

sum-

peak
10,

(of mountain).

Lutakesa,
at

Lusangu,

n.,

something to talk

v.t., to cause, allow or permit to pass on otherwise than

first

about.

intended.

lusangu lua, a matter about, something about an affair of.

Lusanisu, Lusanisinu,
)

lutakesa
thing

diambu (7), to let somebecome known which one

10, n., praise, adulation,

good
n.,

report.

to keep secret, to mention or disclose (something)

had intended

Lusansu, Lusansu,

10, n. 10,

+ education.
history,
story,

unintentionally, to "let the cat

the

out of the bag," to speak un-

chronicles.

Lusanu,

10,

n.+ profession,
10, n.,

boast.

what you afterwards wish had been left unsaid.

advisedly, to say

Lusatululu,

examination.

Lutemo,

10, n., illumination, light.

3K

LUT-LUZ
Lutengolo,
10,
72.,

866

abandonment of

Luvwezo,

10, 10,

72.

(Bako.)=luvezo.

the rights of master, &c., rejection as useless or not further

Luwandu,
Luwete,

a great cooking pot of mottled ware.

72.,

needed
Lutialu,
10,

(see

tengola).

10,

72.,

profit, resultant
;

good,

contempt, disregard. Lu.ti.angu, 10, 72., insolence, a scornful remark.

72.,

Lutidila,

?/./.,

to surpass exceedingly,

ke dikumvanga luwete ko, it will not do him any good, no real advantage will accrue to him by it.
advantage

to over-reach.

Luwondeleko,

10,

72.,

soothing

influ-

Lutima,

10,

72.,

revengeful feelings.

Lutisa, v.t., see lutakesa, App. Lutiu, 10, n., insolence.

ence, pacification, consolation. Luwondelelo, 10, 72., exhortation.

Luwumba,
sema
o

10,

72.,

pottery clay,
v. to work up some form.
t

Lutongeneko,
Lutoteko,
10,

10,
72.,

72.,

spite, malice.

luwumba,
10,
72.

a mutual exchange.
72.,

the clay into

Lutumbuku,
Lutumu,
Lutunu,

10,

dishonour, dis-

Lirwnmi,

(Bako.), a disease of

grace, evil report.

10, #. 10, n.,

fowls.

+ a message. proper control, modera-

Luwutuku,
logy.

10,

72.,

pedigree, genea-

tion.

Luwutuhiku,

(Bako.), scorn, contempt. Luvaiku, 10, ., the Exodus.

10, 72., the being born over again, the new birth, regeneration (passive).

Luvanda, 10, n. tenda o luvanda,

whiskers).

Luyambulu,
v., to

10,

72.,

abandonment,

shave the scalp entirely (not the beard or

10,
.,

relinquishment, a letting alone. Luyayidilu, 10, 72., kindliness, goodheartiness in will, cordiality, behaviour.

Luvangameso,
ive.

edification (act-

Luyenzenze,
10,
.,

10,

72.,

a slope,

slant.

Luvangamu,
sive).

edification

(pas-

-aluyenzenze,

a.,

Luyindulu,
)

10,

sloping, slanting. a process of 72.,

Irtivangananu,

10,

.,

great import-

thought, thought,

a means of

Luvanginiku,

>

ance, overwhelm-

remembering, remembrance.

ing greatness.

Luvanza,
Luve,
10,

1 1
72.

& 2, n., a
t

piece of money.

Luyuki, Luyukia-yukia,

10,

"
f

72. (Bako.), the plant of life,"

Briophyllum calycinum.

luve, v. to sue for peace. Luviluku, 10, n. y the turning round, conversion.

lomba

Lnzakamu,
Lnzalu,
10,

10,
72.,

72.,

trembling.

fulness.
10,
7/.,

Luzengeneko,
Lnziatalalu,
10,

dumbfounded

Luvimba,
bulk

10,
is

the size (as far as concerned), bulk.

.,

astonishment, blank surprise.

.,

severity.

Luvu,

10,

72.,

the furnace hollow in a

Luzmdalala,

10,

72.,

persistence, ob-

forge.

stinacy, patience, perseverance,

(Bako.) a smithy.

endurance.
deceit.

UVU
T v-l Luvukiku,
{ 10, i
72.,

Luzolo,

10,

72.

+ kindly

feeling,

benevo-

ILuvukusu, 10

72.

Luvunginiku,

10, n., deceit,

(Bako.), salvation. falsehood.

right feeling towards, hence faithfulness in service or

lence,

Xuvungu, 10, 72., disgrace, shame. Xuvungu, 10, ;/., the peritoneum. JLuvuvamu, 10, 72., safety, tranquillity,
peace.

friendship ; also, great desire, and so aim, purpose, will.

nkwa

luzolo, one who possesses loveable qualities, one admired,

loved

&

trusted.

Mana,

//.

7,

n.

+ stratagem,

ruse,

M.
Ma
o
(pi. 6)

ya mbwaza,
(pi.

n.,

corn, grain
adv., with

roundabout ways of accomplishing an end or getting what is wanted, hence merchan-

(generally).

mabetomona

8),

a man had
traders.

dise, barter, &c., i.e. the things to get if he wanted

overflowing measure, sia o mabetomona, ?'., to measure

with overflowing measure.

to obtain the

goods of the white

Made, an abbreviation of ma Dezo O (P. Dens), would to God God How much rather would
!
!

ku mana,
ruse.

adv.,

by stratagem, by a

(I

have
it

died)

also

rather,
to.

Mana-nsusu, 6, w.-f anise (?) Mandangi, pi. 7, n., respect of persons, undue bias to the prejudice
of justice.

sooner,

would be better
.,

Madiuka,//.

8,

man engaged by
chil-

o mandiatani

(pi. 7), adv.,

crowding

a sterile husband to beget dren for him.

&
Manga,
Manga,

treading upon each other. 4, n., the poison of a snake,

4,
.

Mafwila,//. 8 (Bako.)=lufwalakazi, App. -a maziezie, see eziezie, App. Makina, 2, n. (P. machina), an engine, machine. Makono! inter/., look out! beware! keep your wits about you.

&c.
(Bako.), the fetish

moko,

see p. 504.

Manganana,

&

v.i. + to be very erect throw the chest well out (to

;

be erect but bowed)

pigeons nana.
ing,

strutting

are

said to

manga-

-amakunda,

a.,
.

self-sown.

(Bako.), water-weed. Maladi, pi. 8, o malemba-lemba, adv., going on

well,
right.

Mangnna-wuna,

pi. 7, n., fault-find-

grumbling.
;

comfortably, quietly,

all

o mankoka-ngo, adv., all together a leopard) (///. as if to drag

MalongO, pi.

8, n.,

a far country, dis7),

nwenda
all

mankoka-ngo, go
7),

tant lands.

together.
(pi.

o niambonani

adv., face face, in sight of each other.

(pi.

to

o mantalani
face.

adv.,

face

to

Mambu.

Mantinwa,
;

6, n.,

something by which
7,
.

ma

...

kaka, as though, just as if o lose luandi ma kwenda kuna

to

mount.
(Bako.),

Manyanga-nyanga, pL
fine rain.

Ngombe kaka (mambu

under-

stood before kwenda), his face was as though he was going to

Masa

(//. 7)

ma

Mbala,

.,

sorghum.

Masika,//.
Masila,/;/.

13, #., gorilla.

Ngombe. ibnka-bnka
one's face.

(pi.

7),

adv.,

on

one who has given a 8, ., promise, the promiser. Masilu, pL 8, 11., the executor of a
will.

fnkama

(pi. 7),

adv., kneeling,

on the knees.

Mamwanga - mwanga,
(Bako.), fine rain. Mana, v. au.r. io be

pi.

7,

;/.

Masona, pi. 9, n. zaya or via o masona,

to read

to

know how

&

write.

Inmene

all... Inse + knnsnmamwa kwa

;

Matamba, pi.

nsende, his brow was

with thorns.

all

pierced

8, n., lupus exedens, a rodent ulcer which destroys the nose, &c.
8, n.,

Matondo,^/.

thanks.

MAT-MBA
Matondo, continued. kia matondo, thanks,
will

868

Mbadi, continued.
all
is

right,

it

sila

mbadi kumosi,

?/.,

to

put

be or

is well, it

a good

together in juxtaposition.

thing.

Matwakanga,

Wfriend.
(Bako.),
J

Mbadi (2) ngani or mbadi angani^r mbadi followed by the demons,

pron. ist
class,

Matwakangwa
Mavasa-vasa,
child

poor fellow vo
;

pi. 8, n.,

nickname of a
with teeth.

mono, mbadi ngani (or mbadi

oyu), as for poor me poor wretch that I am.
,

who was born

or

I,

Mavenga,

pi. 8, #., evasion, evasive-

ness, the gift of throwing the

responsibility

upon
the

of avoiding

or discovery of
others

-ambafu, a., great, large, big. -ambakala, a. (Bako.), male.

Mbakami,
Mbaki,

4,

.,

a captive.

wrong-doing or detection.

2, n.,

Mavu,j/.
dia

7, n.j

earth.
?/.,

kanga

mbaki,
t

to set

an ambush.

mavu,

eat the earth, also

to pay homage. -amavilwa-vilwa, a. mona e ngonde zamavilwa-vilwa,

-ambaki, a. captive. -ambakidi, a., every one getting what he can e kunku yau yambakidi, their portions were what;

to menstruate regularly.

ever each could get for himself.

e

Mayingila, pi.

8,

.,

a watch, a guard.

mbakila,
4,
2,

adv.) retail (flesh).

.,

Mazengele

mambu
Mba,
e
conj.

ngonde (2), n. ma mazengele e ngonde,

"rubbish."

Mbaku, Mbaku,

an adjective.

;z.

+ gain,

that which

is

idle, foolish talk,

mba

ye,

(Bako.)=mbangi, App. adv. (bandama), quite

with

dark
&c.,

which

is

(darkness, smoke, within the thing

gained or obtained. Mbaku, 4, ., ambassador, (honoured) messenger. Mbala, sing. 2, //., sorghum, i.e. masa

spoken

of), full
;

of (that which

makes dark)
dina e

esuku diame
;

ma Mbala. mbalanda, adv.=e mba, App. Mbale, 2, n. (see kibale, App.),

e
ner,

part-

mwisi, my room is quite dark with smoke muna nzo mwina e mba ye tombe, it is perfectly dark in
the house
quite
full
.,
;

mba yo

companion, mate.

Mbama,

4, n., a fancy girdle worn, not to support the cloth, that

///.

the house

is

of darkness.

being accomplished by the ordinary mponda, but something extra, a girdle for show.

Mbaba,

4,

a'

mean,

stingy, grudg-

Mbamba,
it is

2,

.,

an

officer

ing person.

to

demand
(pi.

whose duty the execution of

Mbabu,

2, n., a bribe, money paid to secure a judgment. vana e mbabu, v. to bribe, give
t

a murderer, a

sheriff.

Mbana,

i,

n.

ambana), person,

man,

a bribe.

individual, the above-mentioned, the aforesaid.

a.,
")

Mbabula,

2,

.,

bribery.

-ambandakiani,
e

-ambabula, a., given as a bribe. Mbadi, 2,??., elephantiasis (of foot). Mbadi, i & 4, n., a hard man. Mbadi, 2, .+a specific sore, after the
breaking down of
a node, a

mbandakiani
2,

(2),

adv., $

one above or. on top

of the other.

Mbandamu,

.,

the

commencement,
2,
.,

beginning.

bad spreading sore. Mbadi, 2, polypus. e mbadi, ae?v. in juxtaposition.

.,
t

Mbandani (Bako.), Mbandann,

lightning

thunder

are

(the effects of to attributed

mbandanu).

(869)
e

MBA-MIH

mbandieka

(2), a.,

adv.,

-ambandieka,

one above or on top of

Mbelekela, continued.

many

friends

come

to visit

&

the other.

Mbandu,

a copy, example to be ., 2, copied, a standard (of measurec.).

;/.,

ment,

dine with him, his wife may well fear that her husband, with his hospitable nature, will not take enough food to properly satisfy himself; she will therefore reserve and hide an extra

Mbandu,

2,

a layer, stratum, gen-

eration.

e mbandu-mbandu, adv., in layers. Mbandu, 2, n. (Bako.), a barrel of pow-

portion for him, to be eaten on the quiet afterwards.

is

der (20

Ibs.).

This portion
kela.

called

mbele-

Mbandu, Mbanga,

2,

;/.

(Bako.), height (of per-

sons).
2, ;/.,

Mbengo-mbengo, n.,
a
testis.
a.,

-ambangadi,

of exceedingly high
)

4, a very dangerous spot, place, passage, work, &c.

price, of priceless value.

Mbangadi, i & 4, ;/., a tyrant, a tyrannical, bruMbangazi, i & 4, ) tal man, powerful cruel man.

Mbangi (Bako.),
i

adv.,

after

that,

mbangi,
next.

afterwards,

then,

mbangi tu
length
last.
;

se,

with the verb in

tense, at last,

the narrative
i

at

kwiza, so

mbangi tu se wayou have come at

(5),
;/.,

-ambengo-mbengo, a., perilous. Mbeni, 2, .+the adversary, Satan. Mbenza, 2, n., a sore, ulcer. Mbetela, 2, n. omu mbetela a nsi (2), low down near the ground matuti mena omu mbetela a nsi o unu, the clouds are low down on the ground to-day. Mbi, 4, n., the evil one, a bad person.
;

Mbidi, 2, n.+a. number.

Mbangu

(2)

a kinkutu
nti (4), a row,
v.,
.,

tai-

lor.

mbangu a
Mbangu,

a carpenter.

number, a used without any cmpJiasis or article it ima comparatively few ; plies with emphasis and article,
certain

When

4, n.,

line,

many mbidi a lumbu,

;

certain

yika o mbangu,
line, to (2)

to fall into the

line.

days, a
days,

take a place in the

(4), n.

number of days, some a few days, some time if

;

a nkanu
e

mba

sweep,

mbazi a nkanu, v., (to i.e.} to make the neces-

emphasised, many days. mbidi, a. (where one object only

referred to), great,
fine
;

is

kuna

sary arrangements for the holding of a court, to open the

assizes.
ibe,

kwa mbidi
fine child
!

a mwana, what a

something entrusted which must receive an anxious

2,
11.,

care

if

lost,

serious
result,

conse-

Mbie-mbie, A PP Mbienga, 2, Mbiengele,

.

2,

;/.,

sec

nkiambiembie,

n.,
2,

thick brass wire.

;/.,

a thin
;

quences would
sia e
responsibility. mbebe, v., to
for,

a great

stick of a thing mbiengele main, thin sticks of legs.

skewer or za

make responsible
of.

leave in charge
2, n.,

Mbiki, Mbilu,

4,

>/.=ebiki, App.

2, n.,

Mbela-mbela,

a snack of food eaten before the proper time, a

lunch, luncheon.
2,

pit

a very deep hole, chasm, or abyss, hence, the bottom-

Mbelekela,

.,

when a man has

Mbindi, 2, .+a Mbinduzioka, 2,

less pit, hell. bar.

n.,

windings about.

MBI-MBU
Mbingu,
e
2, n.,

870

a change (of food), the

Mbote, continued.
la, to

season

(for certain things).

be very unwell
yela,

kakedi
very

mbisu

(2),

adv., in a raw, fresh, unstate,

mbote ko yo
ill

how

cooked or green

without

he was.

Mbiya

previously cooking. (2) a longo, the money paid for a wife.

(Kib.), then, afterwards.

Mbudi, an abbreviated form of yambudi, the imper. ^/"yambula r

let.

Mbo, adv.

Mbobo

(2)

a nti

(4), n.,

a woodpecker.

Mbuka, 2, n. (Kib.), a e mbukwila (2), adv.,

Mbula.
e

bedstead.
retail (liquids).

Mbofongo, 4, n., a huge thing. huge. -ambofongo, Mboki, 2, n. (Bako.), mate,

.,

mbula ye mbasa.

(Proverb) e di-

fellow,

ambu

diadi e

mbula ye mba-

companion.

one who calls, a herald. Mboki, i & 4, Mboki, adv. (Bako.), then, afterwards. Mboko, adv. (Kib.), then, afterwards. Mboko, 2, 11., joint (in the limbs). Mbobola, 2, n., baby, one who has
.,

sa ina, that matter requires further explanation ; that is not

sufficiently clear.

Mbnla,

after verbs of knowing, think-

ing, telling, &*c. t is tised to im-

baby-like habits.

Mbomba, Mbombe,

2, n. (P.
2,
;/.,

bomba), fireworks.
?/.,

ply a necessity or urgency edi kabenze vo mbnla kenda, he thought that he would have
;

vanga e mbombe,

to

make a

fire

to go unsamwina vo mbula kasumba yo kaka, tell him

;

&

roast corn or arachis in the

that

he must buy
2, n.

it.

resultant ashes.

Mbulu-ntente,
a huge tree 0r

(Bako.), a

mason

Mbombo-ngolo,

4,

.,

wasp.

thing of wood.

Mbumba,

4,

n.,

a lump, mass, also

for

-ambombo-ngolo, a., huge, as above.

lumps of dried cassava meal

storage or sale.

MbomongO,

4,

.,

something very 0r

singularly thick.

-ambomongo, a., thick. a window. Mbonani, 2, 12 sheets Mbondo, 2,

.,
.,

-ambumba, Mbumbulu,
of

.,

secret.
n.,

2,

a mole, hence also

velvet, plush.

mbadi

Mbundukutu
smoke.

(2)

a mwisi

(3),

.,

cloth.

Mbongo,
Mbota,
2,

2,

(sing. only]-\- fruit, seed,

Mbunduna,

descendants.

+a
used in weav-

2, n., an amputation, also grub which eats through

w.+the

stick

the roots of plants.

ing to tighten the latest thread woven, the reed,

Mbunge,

4,

n.,

mist,

fog,

Mbote, 2, ;/., good, well-doing, that which is right. ke mbote ko, what a lot there were, c. e wantu, ke mbote ko, what a lot of people there were, ke kala or -ina mbote ko yo (&c.), followed by an infinitive or ab;

mistiness, indis(Bako.), ) tinctness of vision. " Mbungu, 2, n., ants' bread," a honeycombed cultivation of fungus (?)

Mbungi

found

in nests of white ants.

Mbungu, 2, n. (Bako.)=mbungwa. Mbunzu, 2, n., the brow, face.

Mbusia, 2, Mbuti, 4,
n. (P.
7Z.,

stract noun,
;

how

very... was...

not o mwana kakedi mbote ko ye kiese ? was not the child happy ? ke kala or ina mbote ko yo ye-

girdle,

buxa), a wad. something worn as a but above the waist, at

v., to tie

the breasts.

kanga

o mbuti,

round one

as a girdle.

871

MIJU-MFU
4,
;/.,

Mbuyu-buyu,
lessness.

4,

;/.,

wateriness, taste-

Mfofeka,

an entire piece
c.).

(of

cloth, braid,

Mbwadi,

i, ;/.,

man

of the

Ambari

of the islands
ley Pool.

shores of Stan-

Mfoko, Mfoko,

2,

.,

2,

;/.,

pronunciation. a number of times mul-

tiplied.

Mbweno,
e

2,

?i.,

sight, vision, the

power

to see.

mbwi

(2),

adv., quite full

filled
it

ozadisi
full.

the fold of one cloth Mfokola, 2, above the girdle (often used as a pocket), a folding over, a
.,

yo

mbwi, he
.,

quite

multiplication.

Meme-meme, 6, Menga (pi. 7),

a lamb.

Mfoto,
free-born,

4,

>/.,

the crashing

made by a

.,

mwana

(i)

a menga,

Mfu,

great beast in a forest or jungle. 4, n. (Bako.), the deceased, thus

noble.

Meno,//. ^/dinu, 7, n. -ameno, sharp. -a meno mole, two-edged. a metre. Meta, 2, Mezi (Mbamba), ^z/.=vezi, App.
.,

avoiding the name.

mention of the

-amfuba, a., unripe (of plantain bananas & fruit which reddens on ripening).
Mfula,
2,
.,

the

powder (cam-wood

Mfiaulwisi,
Mfiba,

&

4,

.,

a comforter,

consoler, restorer of happiness. a calabash of medium size. ., 4,

powder, pepper, crushed ironstone, ochre, &c.) in a bundle of

Mfiba,

a small antelope's horn, as of the nsesi or nsa.

4,
?/.,

Mfumfula,

(ebunda). /*., an edge, verge. mfumfula a yaka (7), ., a wall

4,

fetish

Mfielani (P.

fiel \pl. fieis]

de Dens),

plate.

heap of stones to mark the spot where a murder was committed,

a cursed or unlucky place.
Mfietoto,
4,
.

Mfumvu,

Mfunda,//.

(Bako.), threshold.

a cord, rope. a muscular pad, as at the base of the thumb, heel or the gluteus max.
2, n., 2, n.,

Hfiku,

4, n.
t

Mfunda-ngavu,

sumba

mfiku, v. to buy at a ridiculously low price (as a gift), tekelwa mfiku, to have (a thing) sold to one at a very low price. nourishment, that which 2,
.,

Camoensia 4, ., maxima, a bramble bearing a

large white fragrant flower.
i

Mfundisi,

4, n.,
.,

Mfundu,

4,

a judge. a matter to be judged,

trial

a case, an accusation, the

of a

ministers to

life

&

strength

case

oyandi una
it

yo
to
^

substance, that which imparts substantiality, the gist (of a

matter).
e

mfundu, he

is

who has

be tried, or if the judge has the trial of the case.

he

mfiku, adv.) to a very considerable extent (of a matter) ; e dia-

Mfundu, 2, n., a secret, something not known or incomprehensible.

-amfundu,
a.,

mbu diaku dizidi e mfiku omu ntima ame, I have a very

fair
Liu,
2,

secret.

ku mfundu,

adv., secretly, hidden,

idea of what you say. direction towards n., the

c.)
;

mute (grammatical).

mfundu za Nzambi.
tures

All living creagift

which one's (head,

is

was or

which have not the

of

turned when lying

the place
lay.

where the (head, &c.)

Mfingitunu, 2, n. (Bako.), something with which to support the knee

when

squatting.

speech are supposed to be deprived of it, that they may preserve God's secrets, hence, the dumbness, "mfundu za Nzambi bena zau."

MFU-MIN
Mfundu,

872

2, n. (generally //.), signs or the inarticulate expressions by which the dumb & the animal

Mfwantakani,
rubbish.

2,

.,

useless things,

Mfwanti,
Mfwefo,

2,

.,

a foolish, vain, useless

creation

make themselves
(8),
.,

un-

fellow.
4,
2,
.

derstood.

Mfune

(2)

evamba
(?)
.,

a species

Mfwene,

(Bako.), fine rain. that which fits or .,

is

of heron

befitting

0r enough 0r proper.
.

Mfunia,

2,

a freebooter, raider, one

as

Mfwenge,
pestes

2,

+ ichneumon

(//<?r-

who plunders & does

likes,

he

I
.,

).

man
a.,

of violence.

Mfwiba,
Mfwidi,
i

4,

firewood that burns

-amfunia,
violent.

raiding, freebooting,

very badly.

&

4,

?2.,

one who has been

?/.,

Mfunka,

4,

.,

strength, force, power,

(potential}.
.,

bereaved.

compulsion

sukula o mfwidi,
force,

to perform

mfunka,
energy

2,

strength,
;

the triple immersion mentioned

(active]
I

ku mfunka

under luf walakazi, App.

yasilu,

was absolutely com(2), v.,

pelled. sia e mfunka

Mfwidi-mfwidi, 2, making a great

ailment.

.,

the habit of

fuss of a slight

out strength or energy

use force, put toil or

;

-amfwila,
fatal.

.,

mortal, causing death,

ex-

work hard

(at,

muna).

)2, ., something Mfuntakani, crushed, trodden Mfuntalakani, )

Mfwilu,

4,

11.

(sing,

generally),

pense, disbursements.

Mfuntu,

upon, a crushing, trampling. 4, n., hard work, toil, severe

labour.
4,
ii.

-ami,^r0#. (Bako.)=-ame. Mi, 4, an ugly person.

Mfunu,

4-

work

in

one's profes-

Miangu, pi. 3, ;/.+ clamour, noise. Mika, v.t., to weigh, to try or ascer-

sion, business,

trade, business

transactions, see also vwa

advantage,

use

Mika,

-amfunu,
Mfuta,
4,

a.,

of

mfunu, App. any use or account,

tain the weight. v.t., to make signs passes luck (in another's to spoil

&

useful.
n.,

jungle (when spoken of

generally, not used of a portion

indicated*}.

Mfuta,
Mfuzi,

2,

.,

desolation of a deserted

place.
2,
;/.,

a labourer, a workman,

gambling) by making a line in front of an opponent or passing a luvanza under the armpits & tread of the feet or into the mouth. Mikuka, v.t. to be weighed. Mili- (Fr. milli-), a thousandth part of the standards of measuret

especially
craft,

one who knows his

ment
Mina,
pi. 3,

a professional, a master

metre = T OIOO
.,

(e.g.

milimeta
f

milli-

a metre )-

of his craft.

mfuzi a ntambu, a good trapper. mfuzi a ntungu, a good builder. mfuzi a lamba, a professional cook.

ordinances,
law.

regulations, statutes, the details of a

Mfwadu,

4,

n. (P. fardo),

a case of
to

cloth

or

leather

prevent
pillow

Minganana, see manganana, App. Minguna, ?/./., to break, snap in two. Minu, 6, ;/., custom, fashion, condition,

damage
Mfwalansa,
man.
i

to anything, a

normal
law of

state,

to sit upon, a padding.

4,
.,

habit,

nature,

nature, natural
i

French-

law

vo

mbizi za maza,

minu kiau kia kala muna

873

MlN-Ml'A

continued.

maza, as

to the fishes,

it is

their

nature to live in water.

be swallowed, also disappear from sight (over the crest of a hill or beyond the horizon). Minuka ye, ?/., to acquire a fashion, conform to a new condition

Minuka,

z/./.+to

to set (of the sun), to

Mosi, continued. bearing the secondary prefixes (series 3, p. 518), and again prefixed with a, the same, the identical, the like salu akimosi, the same worth mankondo ama;

mosi, the same plantains.

Moya, Moyo,

ovwidi

minuka
he
has

ye

kisi
a

(Bako.)=moyo. see also ntima, App., of which it is often a synonym.

3,
.,

3, n.

Kongo,

become

yambukwa
Mozi,
miozi, pi. ta miozi,
3,
?/.
.

thorough Kongo in every way. Minute, 2, n., a minute.

one's mind,

moyo, come

to to

make up

a decision.

Miria- (Fr. myria-), 10,000 of the standards of measurement (e.g.

miria-meta
-a

myriametre
of

(Bako.), a whistle, (Bako.), to whistle.

;/.

10,000 metres).

miza ya miza,
kinds.

a.,

many

kinds

Mpadi, 2, (from pala). ta e mpadi, v., to ridicule another on account of real or assumed
poverty
;

but very good, of various good

e

to

provoke another by

ostentatious display.
adv., speechless, struck

mome

(6),

Mpalu,

2,

dumb with fear or surprise, fwa e mome, ?/., to be speechless.

Mona,
v.i.,

Mpambani,
;

;/.+goad. a separating, a di2, .,

to

etadi

be transparent, clear diadi mona dimona,

Hpambula,

viding up, hence, a heresy. a division, schism, 2, .,

a dividing into parties, a separation.

this stone is transparent.

-amona,

a.,

new.
6,
;/.,

zaya e mpambula

(a),

v.,

to

be

Mona-meso,

a great sight, spectacle, (wonderful) vision, that which is plain & evident also
;

able to distinguish (between), to

Mpami,

be a judge (of). a strong man. 2, .,

.,

a clear

tangible proof, unmistakable evidence.

v.t.,

Monganana,

to

be unable

or

Mpandi, ^/t/.=lembwa, App. sorcery, Mpandu, 2, vanda o mpandu, z/., to practise

sorcery.

unwilling to make any reply, to look blank, to be put to

silence, to

Mpanga,

2, n.,

keep

silent.

Mpangilu,

2,

.,

a verb. an adverb.
introducing an exsuppose, that is to

ngeneka,

v.t.,

to leave

one with-

MpangU,

conj.)

introducing a question,
;

out a word to say in reply, put

well,

now
that

to silence.

planation,
3,
.,

ngola

(pi.

miongola).

curves

say,

(labyrinthine).
a.,

would
that
;

-amoni,

clear, transparent.

mean, that would imply not used in speaking to a

be,

would
that

Mor,

2, n.

(Heb. mor), myrrh,

dimbu

superior; wiza

muna lumbu

wansunga.
-mo si
in the secondary form,

&

pre-

sambami, come in 6
to-day.

i turn, days, that would be

mpangu

fixed with the article of its class is equivalent to a certain muntu omosi, a certain man e dinkondo edimosi, a cer;

Mpanu,
Mpanza,
Mpasi,

2,

//.

(P.

panno), white baft

(cloth).

&
.,

u, ;/.+a piece of money.

trouble.

tain plantain tree.

2,

MPA-MPI
Mpasi, continued.

874

Mpedi, continued.
see pela ampela, App. Mpeke-veke, 2, n., an eruption on the
;

mpasi twakumona, we have suffered much or we have had

a great
trouble

set-off against a debt

deal

of

trouble

(///.

we saw him). mpasi zimonekene, a euphemism,

he died (the trouble came). mpasi, i, n., a corpse (a euphemism.

ear.

-ampela,

a.,

by seduction as a
debt
;

set-off

against

see

mpedi

&

pela, App.

longo luampela, a

Mpasi

(2), n.,

common

an or-

dinary

mpasi muntu
one
of the

(pi.

mpasi wantu),
people
;

common

ki

marriage by seduction as above. Mpela, ke mpela ko, conj., if not, otherwizidila ke wise, or else, or mpela ko e ntangwa isaka,
;

mfumu
am
si

ko, i mpasi muntu, 1 not the chief, I am only one

;

come
be too

at

once or else
the

it

will

late.
2, n.,

common people a mpawantu bawidi ovo wizidi, the common people heard that
of the

Mpelezieka,

manner

of

maklittle

ing tasty dishes

nothings.

out of

he was come a mpasi esi Kongo ke hazolele wo ko, the

;

Mpelo,

2, n.

+ fruit

(generic).

common
not like

people of
it.

Kongo do

Mpenga, 2, n., the immediate vicinity. kuna mpenga, adv., beside, near,
.

close at hand, aside.

2,

Mpasi,

adv.-}- rather, better, it would be better to tuzolele ;

Mpenza,

n.,

exposure,

bareness,

OWU

nakedness,
ness.

publicity,

empti-

mpasi twakatuka, what we

wish rather
is

Mpasi owu,
same

adv., however,

to get away. still, at the

-ampenza,
public,

a.,

exposed, bare, naked,

(to view),

open

uncon-

time, not forgetting that, already; e mfumu, tukangala

cealed, plain, empty.

e or

kweto mpasi owu tumwene e ekembo, we are going, sir still, we have much enjoyed our;

ku or va mpenza, adv., in full exposure or view, in publicity, no way hidden, plainly, in

nakedly, open, emptily.
e

selves

se

nkwenda kwame

mona

mpenza,

v.,

to

have an un-.

ingeta mpasi owu ndangini ko e lumbu atanu, I must go, thank you already I have been
;

obstructed view, to see plainly,

clearly.

here

5
.,

days.

Mpava,

2,

a searching, a hunting

for.

Mpesa, 2, ;2.=mpavala. -ampevo, a., light, not heavy. ntima (4) ampevo, n., a disposition which soon abandons any pursuit,

nsungi a mpava, the month when

the arachis
is

a faint heart.
(4),
1 )

harvested,

-ampava, a., rare, scarce. Mpe. ..mpe, conj., both... and ozevo, ndiona okwenda mpe, yo ona mpe olembi kwenda,
;

Mpiaviana (2) a ntima Mpiaviani (2),

Mpiku,

im _

patience, restlessness. 2, 11., the aspect put

on a

balungidi kwau, so that both are right, he who goes & he

matter, an answer in a palaver, whether a defence, excuse, ex-

who

stays.

planation or even the judgment of the judge.

Mpedi, i & 4, n., one who seduces away another man's wife as a

lamba

mpiku,

v. (lit. to

cook an

excuse), to counsel together as

875

MPI-MPU

Mpiku,
to

continued.

answer or excuse to be made or judgment to be delivered, to

prepare a judgment.

Mpolo, continued. vana mpolo, to one's face; kalendi wo vova vana mpolo ame
ko, he could not
tell

me

that to

vala
Mpila,

mpiku,

up an
2, n.,

up, excuse or defence.

to

work

trump
burnt

my
as

face.

Mpombolo,
is

an animal

killed

in a bush-fire.

Mpila,

2,

;/.

2, >;., a log of wood, such used to block the gates of pig-sties, also a trap in which a log of wood falls athwart the

kuna kwa mpila

to
,

what a way what a remarkable way...; kuna kwa mpila a ntungu batungidi yo what a remark!

a,

animal.

Mpongo,

2,

//.,

some great thing given

;

able

way they

built

it

too

or done for a purpose bansidi e mpongo a tusevo, they made him laugh much (to divert
his

What
Mpilakeno,

a remarkable

style
it
!

of

attention)

kabaka-

building they
2,
;/.,

made

of

an error, mistake,

erratum.

-ampilakeno, a., forgetful. Mpilu, 2, ;/., a turkey. Mpilu, 2, n., a purple colour. Mpiluka, 2, ;/., a turning round to the
other side, conversion (pass.}. vana Mpiluka, 2, n., the other side
;

yidi e mpongo a mbongo, he gave them a great deal of cloth (as a trap for them). Mposoko, 2, n., an interspace. kuna or muna or vana mposoko,
adv., between.

Mpova

(2)

a ndambu,

.,

the habit of

telling

mpiluka a
Mpilwa,
2,
;/.,

nzo, on the other side of the house.

anything but the truth, of putting people off with some false statement or promise.

a mistake.
.,

Mpimbu,
ised
beri
_

2,

a disease charactereffusion, beri-

Mpoza, 2, ;/., a stoppage, ceasing. ye mpoza (pi. only), without accomovutukidi ye plishing (it)
;

by a serous
(?)

mpoza zandi, he

returned withit.
-,

out accomplishing
a.,

-ampimpita,

new, strange, singular, unheard, very difficult to comprehend or know or explain.

a.,

Mpu

(2)

a nlembo

(4),

a thimble.

Mpuku-vuku, 2, n., sound, that which we hear with our ears.

Mpulukilu, Mpululu,
2, 2,
.,

-ampiolo,
ous.

crooked, winding, tortu-

a means of getting

a living.
.,

Mpioto, 2, ., confusion, derangement, entanglement. Mpisa, 2, n., an auditor.

whydah

bird.

Mpunga,

2, #.,

an

officer sent

by the

chiefs of a district, to

demand

Mpiliku-mpitiku,
rangement.

2,

.,

disorder, deza, n., the

the surrender of a criminal, a

sheriff.

Mpitu ye nsengo
reason

(pi.

2)

&
sole,

explanation
.

of,
kind,

handbook of
-ampivi,
#.,

only of

its

Mpungu-, the All-. the Almighty. Mpungu-ngolo, 2, Mpungu-nkanka, 2, n., the Saviour, who has given us the greatest
.,

only.

example of devotion
sacrifice.

self-

Mpola, 2, n., a pump. Mpolo, 2, n. ku mpolo, adv., by face ke tunzeye ku mpolo ko, we do not know him by face.
;

Mpungu-zayi, 2, #., the All-wise, mpungu-vuvu, .2, ;/., the supreme

hope, great expectation, expectation of great things.

MPU-MUN
Mpungu-,
sia e
continued.,

876

Muluzu,
v.,

continued.

mpungu-vuvu,

to

ex-

pect great things.

ignorance, in mental darkness, a heathen.

Mputa,

2, n. (P. puta), a woman who has no husband (!), a prostialso the queen tute, a whore
;

mum-

or mun-,^/.
prefixes

mim-

or min-,
the

applied

before

in cards (so called

by low Por-

names of many places having a pure initial to denote the

people of the place (the nasal
light]
;

tuguese).

is

-amputu, a., poor. e mputuki, adv., returning the same day wizidi e mputuki, he has
;

Mindonde, the Londe

a. (pi.

(highland) people.
-ft

mumbenena,
&c.),

-a

mimbene-

come, but returns to-day.

na), natural

(to

a tree, plant,

Mpuza

2 sing, only (as mbongo), seedlings for transplanting. Mpuza, 2, n., a manner of uprooting.
;

growing on.
3,

Mumbidi,

n.

(Solongo), the borers

in brackish

which destroy wood

water.

Mpwa,

2,

;/.,

a species, kind,

sort,

quality, style, description, form,

Mumpambala,
crew.
,

3, n., sailor,

one of the

.shape, pattern. mpwa, 2, with the possessive pro-

nouns prefixed by y (yame, &c.), a mate, companion, mpwa, 2 (Bako.), companion,

friend, mate.

the doer of. 3, Mumpanga mumpanga mawete, who

.,

does

good.

mimpanga-mayi,

evil doers.

Mumpumpu,
Mumu,

Mpwasila,

2, n.,

interval, interspace,

(or za), prep., between. Mpweso, 4, n., the game of odds

muna

(&c.)

mpwasila a

a great long roadway,a clear passage, a long opening through , a broad avenue.
3, n.,

locative.
i

&

evens
^

see
p.

mpinzi,

App.,

games,

493.

Mpwilu,

2,

;/.,

mpwilu

a means of obtaining. a nsambu, a means of

yamuna, a spends her time gossipping in every house. mun-, see mum-, App.

nkento ne

mumu

woman who

Muna,

locative.
,

grace.

mu-, pi. mi-, pref. applied before the names of many places having a
nasal initial
to

what (I, &c.) is. ki The verbs VOVa, mona, wa, and many
others arc suffixed to the above,

muna

denote the people

of

the

place.

Mingombe

=Ngombe
Mu,
i

people.

muna kiwa, mbazi keluaka, what I hear is that tomorrow he will arrive see also
thus
;

locative.

mu, adv., immediately, at once una inyuvwidi e nzila, i mu kandwekele, when I asked him
;

kimona, kivova, kilembi, wa, kimbalu, App.

ki-

Mundanda, 3, Mundemba, 3,
hinia
(?),

.,

n.,

a blue plantain eater. a species of Bau3,

n.,

the

way, he at once
is it

cut

me

large yellow flower.

(with a knife).

Mundemba- wana,
?ke

one
a

who

ke mu...e?

toma
Mufu,
Miiluzu

e?

is

(&c.)not... it not nice?

mu

christens
baptist
;

children,
see

pasdo-

lemba o mwana,
one who does not
.

3, n. (pi.

miufu)=muku.
mulu,

App.

(pi.

miuluzu, from

Mundembi
or who

3, n.,

sweet wort), 3, ;/., one who is uneducated, whose powers have not been developed, who is in

fails to

mundembi-kwikila, an
one who does not

unbeliever,

believe.

877

MuN-Mvi
3,

Mundu,
a

2, n. (P.
lot,

mundo,
(of),

a world

the world), a great quan(of).

3,
.,

Munongo,
Munsinda,

n.

(Zombo), a weaver's

shuttle stick.
3, >/., a headman of a gang or caravan.

tity (of)

or number

Mungadu

(P.? peccado?),
sin,

an
be

unpardonable crime which atoned for.

terrible

Munsula,

3, n. y

a doer (of evil only)

can

never

see sula,

App.
3,
.,

munsula-mayi,
that which
doer.
is

the doer of

Munganga,

the centre line (of something long, as road, river,

3,
.,

very bad, an evil-

plank, &c.).

Muntantabadi,
a disagreeable indithe
sec

3,

;/.,

persistent

Mungania,

3,

.,

worrier, tormentor,

vidual

who always opposes

;

sungu

(6)

suggestions of another

nya,

terrible

kia muntantabadi, death by violence.

n.,

App.

Muntu,
3,
;/.,

i, ;/.

Mungonga,
roll.

roll,

parcel done up in

any packet, shape as a

prominent

ke muntu diaka ko,

all

Mungumbuti,

3,

n.,

(to be) past hope, (to have) no hope of recovery, (to be) no longer a living being, but practically to

spine, rib or ridge, a moulding,

a corrugation, a raised ornament, &c., in the form of a

ridge.

Musungula,

rank already among the dead. in usage as ngatu, App.

-f nor.

Muti
3,
.,

(pi.

miuti),

Mungwa,

salt.

Part of

the

he who
begetter.

she who bore, 3, ., begat, the bearer or

ceremony of baptism in the Romish Church consists of placing salt in the mouth of
the candidate with the words, "ye are the salt of the earth."

Mvaka,

4,

;/.,

the shelf under a native

bed, a drawer

(in a chest of drawers or table), a store room, a cupboard.

This impartation of salt the native mind the most

ing feature of the

is

to

Mvandi

(i

&

4)

a mpandu

(2), n.,

strik-

sorcerer.

hence

since

1624

ceremony, (Doutrina
before

Mvenene, 4, n., publicity, exposure e mfulu ame mvenene ina

;

Christa), that time

&

certainly
v. t to

dia o

mungwa,

be baptized

wingi, my bed is in a very exposed position. Mvengo, 4, ;/., something to be avoided.

after the rite of the

Church of

Rome.

Mvevo,
3,

4,

.,

generosity, ungrudging

Mungwizi,
one

n.,

who

one in authority, has authority over

nature,

kuna

mvevo,

others, a ruler, magistrate.

freely,

adv., generously, ungrudgingly.

(4),
.,

Munkia,

3, n.

mvevo a ntima
dawn
,

ready

will-

minkia,

pi.

Munkondwa
who
is

3,

of day, daylight. one who lacks or

;

ingness.

-amvevoki,

a.,

no longer under
a ntima
(4),
.,

re-

munkondwa-ngangu, one who lacks

without

strictions, free.

Mviangalu
Mvibu,
Mvila, Mvila, Mvilu,
4,

(4)

ter-

wisdom.

rible pain, agony.

.,
.,

Munkonko,
a

a small tree bearing the small berry; branches are made into pipe
3,

stripe, lash, weal.

tasty

4, n.,
2,
;/.,
.,

kind, fashion, style.

pedigree.

stems.

2,

a convert.

MVI-MWA
Mvilwa,
i

878

&

4, n.,

an

unjust, unprin-

cipled,

unscrupulous

person

also

an ignorant, stupid person,

article

Mvudiangungu, continued. know what he is doing one who does something which will
;

fool.

be
or pre.,
;

bitterly regretted

see

ngu-

Mvimba, without any

ngu, App.

the fix (after a twuri), 2, the entire e whole, all the

,

Mvuku,

the smell, scent (of a 2, ., person only], the odour natural

to

tini
will

mvimba nsumba
the
entire

kio,
;

any one.
4,
;/.,

buy the whole piece

nzo

Mvuku,

forbearance, long-suf-

mvimba,

house.

fering.

This is probably an adverbial usage of mvimba (as a whole), although there is no article. Mvimpi, i & 4, ., a healthy person,

Mvuku,
Mvula,

2,

?/.,

manure composed

of

rotting vegetable matter.

4,
.,

the

determination

selfishness, self-seeking, to please

one who

is

in
.,

sound health.

a small bat. Mvinde, 1 1 & 2, Mvindi (4) a elanga (8) (pi. mvindi

one's self & do as one likes. nkwa mvula, a selfish person.

Mvulela,

4, n.,
4,
.,

a broad road.

mia malanga),
coco, taro.

Colocasia,

Mvumbi,
Mvunda,

an exceedingly heavy
the evil defects of sur-

rain.
4,
.,

Mvinga, Mvingu, Mvingu,

2,
4,

.,

an asking.
a petition,
that for

.,

feit <?r
is

debauch.
dia, the results of over-

4,

it.,

which one
is

mvunda a

waiting.

feeding.

Mvingu,

4, n.,

that which

given in
else,
i.e.

mvunda a

place
also he

of

something

nua, the after effects of drunkenness.

2,
.,

which comes

in the place of

it

Mvunga-vunga,
e

the very early

adv.,
at

who
.,

Mvinzu,

4,

replaces another. a .tree the wood of

morning, early dawn.

mvunga-vunga,
very early.
.

dawn,

which is very hard, & which is not touched by borers white ants.

Mvita,

4, n.,

hall, vestibule.

Mvungu, 4, nunguna

mvungu,

v.,

to

give

Mvivu,

4, n.,

the surrounding country,

one's support to a matter.

the neighbourhood.

Mvoni, 4, Mvonzi, 4,

.,

a 'slovenly fool. a deep gully, ravine, .,

(deep) valley, gorge.

Mvoyongo
;/.,

(4)

a fine

a etoko or a ndumba, handsome young man

muddy sediment. Mvunzu, 2, Mvutwa, 4, ;?.=mvudiangungu,App. Mvuvu, 4, +a pipe, tube. Mvwania, 2, n., pride. the track of 4, Mvwa-vwa, Mvwamvwila, i a great beast.
.,

;/.

.,

or woman.

Mwa,
adv., eternally, for

locative,

on,

of,

from

(before

Mvu,

4,

yakwele mvu,
ever,

with the negative never,

a.,

living creatures only, and rarely used esi nsi bedilanga e mpaka, on the people of
;

mwa

-a

mvu ya mvu,
eternal.

everlasting,

the
tax.

country

they

levy

the

Mvudi,

4, n., greens, vegetables, the leaves of which are eaten as

mwaka-mwaka,

adv., in divers or

food.

various places. Mwalala, 3, n., a centipede.

3,

Mvudi-mvudi, 4, Mvudiangungu,

n'.,

see
.,

kanda, App.
is

n.,

4,

ignorant man,

a simpleton, who does not

proach,

a route, way of apway by which an attack

;

made

the strong part of a

8 79

M \VA-M\vi
mwasi (3)
(pi.

Mwalu,

continued.

-a

-a miasi),

current, the current of a river, the strong current,

mwalu a
air).

kiozi

(5),

a draught (of

-amwasi, o mwasi, adv., open. Mwebele, 3, n., a weak person or thing. a strong post on the Mwekwa, 3,
.,

Mwambizi,

3 ;/. (Mbamba), a paramour, mistress.

i,

outside of the wall of a house,

to prevent a buttress.
it

from heeling over;

Mwana,

n.

mwana

a longo

(12),

.,

daughtergirl,

Mwelele,

3,

;/.,
.,

in-law.

Mwema,
n.+a
a
oil,

3,

earwig. the essence, essential

juice
(of

mwana

a nkento,
.

strength,

meat,

young woman. (Bako.)^mwalaMwana-kazi, i,

kazi.

vegetables, herbs, &c.). Mwema, 3, n. (Solongo), the mangrove

tree.

Mwana-ngudi,
brother.

(pi.

wana-ngudi),

Mwenze,

3,

n.

(of living creatures

at-

This

word

is

used

only],

one not having yet

indefinitely of

several brothers

of the question of comparative age, also more indefinitely of those to whom one is
regardless

tained to maturity, hence, maiden, virgin, pure, hence adopted

for such as maintain purity even after maturity j see ndu-

much attached and

nected,

closely con-

as

"brethren," in

the

mba, -amwenze,
-a

p.

369.
virgiiu

Christian

Church

The word

mwenze,

{
)

ngudi here refers more to the ideas associated with ungudi,

than with a common mother, so that it is quite proper to use of those with whom one feels con" nected as brethren in Christ, or children of the Heavenly
'
5

Mwidila,

a creek, gulf. ye, there are... in. stubble of any kind. Mwinga, 3,
3, n. (Bako.),

Mwina

Mwingi,
a

3, n.,

man

one who is very great, of importance or posimajesty,

tion, a somebody. nene-mwingi, excellent

so that the meaning Father has become when thus used

;

much widened from

idea

the

primal
//
is

one exceedingly great, a great one (a high title). fwa-mwingi, i, death is all-powerful,

of

motherhood.

name
after

actually in use in native life as a term of close friendship.

born

given to a daughter many children or

;

relatives

have died

see

nsi-

Mwanda,

adv., see -anda,

a.,

App.
in

mote, App.
nature,

-amwanda,
o

spiritual

Mwisi

spiritual.

mwangani
App.

(4),

adv.=Q mwanga,

one who is in the (///. a man of the mwisi town where they ) kibaka makasi, one who is
(i)

ki

habit of

Mwangasa,

v.t.

(Bako.)=mwanga-

in the habit of losing his

(lit.

nisa, p. 363.

temper an inhabitant of Lose-your-

Mwangu,

3,

mwangu
sion.

(4),

;/.+a girder (iron). adv., in a scattered

temper).
before

a persons name, a
;

man

of

condition, in a state of disper-

kala o

mwangu,
3, n.

v.,

to

be scattered,
roof.

's or one of the town of mwisi party or followers ki-Makitu, one of Makitu's

dispersed.

followers or party.

Mwanzu,

(Mboma),

Mwivi,

3, n.

(Bako.),

a key.

NA-NDA

880)
Nata, continued. nata mfundu

(4),

become

liable

N.
-na, def.
v., see

to

judgment.

nata

mpanda

(2),

be guilty of or
for

come under condemnation

ina, App.

Nafowe, pron. inter. (Bako.), .what? (=aweyi). Nanama, v.t., to be pulled tight, tense,
strained.

a capital offence. nata o nkanu (4), be guilty of or come under condemnation for a criminal offence.

-anatana,
or very lunga, very

.,

compound, combined,
the
insects,

Nanga, Nanga,

4,

n. (Bako.), a study.

united together, as

v. aux., to... perhaps

;

likely

onanga
right.

pound eyes of pound molars of

compound
Natu,

comcom-

likely

he was

engines,

the elephant, binocular

dinanga lungana vo or dinanga kala VO, it is perhaps possible

that that
; ;

instruments, undetached houses. 4, ?z., a small engagement fee

it

may be

perhaps

dinanga kala vo kwiza kekwiza, it may be perhaps

that he

paid to a doctor (of any kind) when he is called to a case.

Nanumuna,
draw
e

v.t.,

to

stretch,

extend,

may come.
aitx.,
to... perhaps,

out, to

draw a bow.
e

nanga...ye, v. to... about ;

nda yo
full

(2),

adv. (from danda), quite

;

yananga mana ye tezo kia ekumi vana fulu, I

;

of

nzo ina ina

is

nda yo

finished about ten on the spot

wantll, the house of people.

quite full

ndanga kio sumha yo mbazi, I may perhaps buy it to-morrow. Nanga, un i es s, if not, except.
)
.

-anda,

a.
loc.,

mwanda,
Ndabu,
2, n.

in far distant places.

(Bako.), eyelash.

Nangi,

Ndamba,
conj.,

Nanga,

"|

perhaps, the a alone

the
difference

2, a considering, a turning over in one's mind, cogitating ;

Nangi, j

marking
the above.

from
-anangi,
a.,

troublesome, irksome, an2,

see lamba, App. -andamba, a. (Bako.). a mortar su kiandamba,

.,

hol-

noying.

lowed out
.,

in the side of a log

Nangia-nangia,
about.

a being driven

instead of the end.

Ndambilu

e nangia-nangia, adv., wandering

(2) a malu (9), n., the place where one's feet lay when lying

about, driven here and there.

Nangu & nangu,

Nangu,
4,
.,

con/., see

nanga &

nanga, App.
a stay, sojourn.

down, the direction of the feet. NdanVbu, 2, n., the confection of oil and indiarubber placed on the

tympan
to
it.

of a

drum

to give tone

Nani, pron. u nani kwaku or nge nani ? who are you ? nani yo nani ? who were they ? (lit. who and who ?) what are their

Ndambu, 2, ;/. vana ndambu

well as.

a, prep., beside,

as

Ndandani,

names

2, n., order of rank or precedence or in which one follows

Nata, v./.+to take with one as

companions, &c.

escort

',

the other.

nata o
be

masunm
guilty.

(8),

bear the

guilt,

-andandani, ., \one after the e ndandani, adv., ] other, following each other.

88i

NDA-NDO

Ndandu, 2, n., a reply, remark; kavwidi dio ndandu ko edi

imvovese, he had nothing to remark on what I said to him.

Ndia, continued. luvila lua ndia mosi, the closest one relationship, i.e. having
mother.

Ndandu,
Ndata,

2,

;/.,

profit

in

trade, gain,

use, profit, advantage.

2, //.,

the

the manner of carrying way of expressing oneself

;

Ndia-nuni, 4, n., a good timber. Ndiafu, 2, n., a foul

red-wood

tree,

feeder, one who eats anything cooked or raw,

or of putting things, a style of speaking.

irritating

clean or unclean, hence, a very term of abuse.

4, n.

Ndaulau,

2, n.

+the

perfect insect of
(?)

Ndiala,

(Bako.), a lizard.
4, n.,
(

a variety of white

ant, ap-

Ndiangula,
Ndiasala,

pearing in the cold season. Ndaza, 2, //., misfortune, curse, woe ndaza kena yau, a curse is
;

4, n.
n.,

a giant. Bako.), a lizard.

to overflowing,
full
of,

Ndibwa,
e

2,

a very great quantity

yo, adv., quite

which

fills

on him

ndaza tutelameseno,

ndibwa

(2)

everything goes against us or we are under a curse.

densely

full of.
.,

Ndemba-lemba,

a species of Bauhinia (?), large yellow flower. Ndembi - nona, 2, n., a baize cloth, having a red ground with a close
2,
.,

Ndiki-diki, 2, motion.

noise of

some com-

Ndimbuki,
Ndio-dio,

&

4, n.,

the selected one,

the elect, the chosen.

4,
.,

one whose
a
tall,

hunger

pattern

of

leaves

or

curves

seems
Ndiokololo,
a
tall,

insatiable.
4,
.,

upon

it.

straight tree,

Ndembo, secret language of, see p.

506

for examples, see kizengi, App. people return to their

When

man. dem. &* rel. pron., cl. \, Ndiona, ^ andiona, > sing., yd pos. emphathin

towns

after initiation into

the

Ndembo
new
ing

mystery, they assume names, and of course, of a

beautiful, light-skinned.

ondiona, 3 he who

tic,

he, who, he that,

c.

Ndioyo, dem.

&

she,
rel.

pron.,

cl.

I,

sing.,

complimentary import, implyfair,

ind
that,

POS. emphatic, he, who, he

he who

she, &c.

Women's names, Mianza, Miezi, Maleko, Dima, Ndundu, Masamba, Mvemba, Mabwaka, Mbwaku comely, Mwisi,
;

Ndioyu, dem. &>

\st pos.

rel.

pron.,

cl.

I,

sing.,

if

dark

but

emphatic, he, who, he that, he who she, &c. Ndivo (=yandi vo), so he said, says,
;

Bweto,

Mai

lente.

Men's

names, Lema,

muna

Kaloka, Lembanisa, Luyowa, if dark, Ekuluzu. one who has been initiated into the

quoth he, &c. nkutu..., ndivo, although, even though see sentence tinder
;

Nkau

wingi, App. e ndolo-ndolo, adv., hurrying along

(lit.

mystery, nganga,

2, n.

one who has not, vanga, 6, Ndezi, 2, .=nsikinwa, App.

-andia,
a.,

n.

Ndomba,

2, n.,

with go-on, go-on). a petitioning, begging

also the thing

begged

for.

feeding, grazing.

Ndombola,

ntoto

andia, ., feeding-ground, pasturage ground which brings

(4)

a darkening, a 2, ., blackening, darkness, blackness

(act.}.

forth food, rich soil.

-andia,

a.,

edible.
.,

Ndonga, 2, n., a weaver's shuttle stick. e ndongeleka, adv., in a line, one

after the other in

Ndia

(4)

mosi,

line

ma-

3L

NDO-NEN
Ndongeleka, continued. vata man amatanu mena
ndongeleka, those
in a line
5

882

Nduta,
e

2,

;/.,

the passing by, the Passn.,

over.

towns are
after the

Nduvu,

4,

cruelty,

abominable,

or

come one

hard treatment.
a., cruel, abominable, shameful (in that sense). Nduzu, 4, n., a burrow, a hole (made by an animal).

other on the line of route.

-anduvu,

Ndongota,
Ndongoti,
pher.

2,

.,

investigating, philo-

sophic pursuits, philosophizing.

2,

n.,

an investigator, one
philoso-

who seeks knowledge, a

Ndwadi,

Ndua, Ndua,

2,

.,

2,

.,

a drink, beverage. a manner of drinking, a

2, n., a wound, cut, gash. -andwelo, a. ke -andwelo, not a few, no little or

small.

draught.

Ndwenga,
tact.

2 (generally pl.\ n., clever-

Nduandu (Bako.)=ndioyu.
-andudi,

ness, talent, genius, ability, skill,

Nduka,

4,

.+very bad, shocking. a hole in a hill side, a .,

2,
.,

cave.

Ndukana,

the

manner or sense

Ne-, pref., see p. 369. Nouns prefixed by ne- retain their original class, or become \st class j nenunu, 4,

of smelling. Ndukuta, 2, ., the sense of smell.

an ancient

nunu

being a noun

Ndukutila,
ness.

2,

n.,

perspiration, close-

of the 4th class. a fierce cyclone, hurriNebidi, 2, ., cane.

Ndula,

2, n.,
2, is

young sprouting
.

Ndumba,
age

-(-a

woman
until

grass. of middle

Nekwenda, i,
Nemavitu,
gate.
i,

.,

one sent on an errand,

.,

messenger.
the keeper of the

often

gallantly

spoken

indeed it seems sometimes to be almost a synonym of woman.

of as

ndumba,

Nembumba-kalutwa,

i,

.,

an

in-

-andumba,

#.,

young

(of

women).

quisitive fellow, who will allow nothing to pass without investi-

Ndumba,

2,

n.,

a mixing, blending,

gation

(lit.

Mr. No-secret-shall-

combining, adulterating. Ndumbizi, 2, ., a bridesmaid, the bosom friend of a girl (only used

be-passed-by).

Nemfilatu,

the king's most i, n., trusted councillor, the Premier.

i,

Ndumbu,

of girts and young women}. 2, n., aromatic plants (generic], incense.

Nemfimbi,

n.

(from kizengi), a dog's

i,

name, searcher.

Nempemba-ewungu,
main
bribes
case,

n.,

one of a

Nduna

(Bako.)=ndiona.
2,

number of judges who has taken

from both parties in a
the case is decided the party which lost exposed his action, and, in consequence, the whole judgment fell he has gathered upon him
;

Ndunda,

n..

the midst, the

part,

& when

ndunda a
town.

evata, the centre of the

ndunda a nkoko,
well

the main stream, out from the shore, the middle of the river.
2, n., a stupid condition, the result of drink or severe

(wungula) the whole upon himself.

Ndungianu,

Nene,

sickness, also one that condition.

who

is

in

kuna nene wa,

Nene-mwingi,
App.

right side, the east. to the right hand side or east of.
12, ;/.,the

Ndungununa,

2,

n.,

a crack in the

see

under mwingi,

corners of the mouth.

88 3

NKX-NGE
continued.

Nenevesa (Kib.), v.t., to make great. Nengi (Mba.), adv., then, afterwards. Nengoka, ?'./., to start (of a ship), to
launch out into the deep, set sail, sail away.

Nganga,

tentious fellow, one

who

is

al-

ways raising

objections.

Ngangu,
o

2,

n.

ngangu ke nlongo
verb),,

ko,

vo mi-

Nengolo,

the mighty one, the all-powerful, the Almighty.

i,

n.,

nwikwa muntu kaluka

wisdom
is

Nengona, v.t., to cast into an abyss or chasm or over a precipice.

(Pronot medicine to be administered that a man should be wise.

2, n.

Nenkongo-a-mpanzu, i (sing, only}, one who performs on the funeral drum (esikilu).

Ngani,

mfumu
-angani,

(2)

ngani, a free

man

or

womana.

Nenimu,

4, n.,

a very old person, an

+ that which

nobody has

ancient.

any right

to interfere with, free,

Nga

before a future tense implies that the action is to follow as a

independent.

Ekongo diangani,
Free State.

n.,

the

Congo

natural course;

nga mbazi

tukwenda, we shall go then tomorrow (of course). nga or nga i before the past or perfect tense of a verb is equivalent to ought to have, should have, the action being considered as

Ngani, 2, n., sourness, acidity. Nganzi, z, ;/., unwillingness to comintumini, nganzi, kekwenda kwandi ko, I sent him, but he is disobedient he will not go,
ply,,
;

disobedience

kansi

nkwa

a natural consequence

to

some-

thing expressed or understood j.

Nganzu,
is

nga

nwavanga

ought to have done

didi, this

you

2, n., the bush and scrub on the outskirts of a town which

nga

protected from the

annual

wakombele vava
terday.

ezono, you ought to have swept here yes-

bush-fires by a ring of clearing all round the town.

as for, but nga vo nga vo i i mono, as for me or but I.

, ;

Ngavo i ngavo
ngatu,

conj.,

as for
as for

but

mono,

me orkut

I.
of a

conj., nor, before the last

2, n., incandescence,, glowing or white heat. Ngambu, 2, ., unconsciousness,

Ngaluka,

series

of negative alternatives,
abstract

andfollowed only by an
when preceding a

noun or the verb in the infinitive;

sentence, as below, the verb is in the subj. fut. indef. tense; o nlongo-

fwa

ngambu,

v~> to

become un-

conscious.
2, ;/. (P. camara), the room or house in which a corpse is kept before interment. Ngandu, 2, ., an ivory horn giving " the note of sol," the 5th in the chord to which they are set. Nganga, 2, n., one who has been initiated into the ndembo or any other mystery one who has had one of the infectious diseases, and can therefore nurse any one suffering from it.

Ngamela,

ki kasundidi

o nlongi andi

ko, ngatu o ntaudi kasunda o mfumu andi, a pupil is not

greater than his teacher or a servant than his master kuvo;

vi

luvunu ko ngatu yiya ma,

tell

do not
thing.

lie

or steal any-

Ngawa, 2, Ngemba, 2,
ness,

(Bako.)=ngau,

n.

+ the

p. 372. disposition which

gladly

nganga

(2)

mpaka

(2), n.,

a con-

cheerfully does a kindreadiness to do a kind

NGE-NGU
Ngemba,
continued.

action,
feeling,

complaisancy,
hence,

kindly

Ngobodi, continued. upon the face

fear.

to inspire

awe or

friendliness,

friendship, &c. sia e ngemba, v., to

<or friendship.

make peace
n.

Ngodi, 2, .=ngongo, p. 374. ngodi ame, I do not want to ngodi is more a child's word than
;

ngemba a ngudi,

2,

(Bako.),

motherly love, tender affection, great kindliness, tender mercy. -angenge, a., sounding, giving forth a ringing soimd,

ngongo. Ngodia-ngodia, 2, ?/. -J-the remote past. Ngofwila, 2, n., something done all to no purpose, a waste (of
energy, money, &c.), something not wanted, of no use.

Ngengele,

2, n.

(Bako.), the pupil of

the eye.

-angofwila,
spent

a.,

Ngengele, 2, n., a huge mass. ngengele a nti, a huge, enormous

tree.

in

vain,

wasted, of no use, not wanted,

ngengele a etadi, a boulder.

-angengele, a., huge, massive. etadi (7) diangengele, a boulder
stone.

wasteful, purposeless, useless. e ngofwila, adv., all to no purpose, all in vain.

Ngoma,

(Bako.), a large barrel (of

powder).

Ngengo,

the height of one plane surface above another or of one

2, n.,

-angoniba, tame.

a.,

not

timid,

not

shy,

horizontal

beam,

&c.,

above
the

Ngonda, Ngondo,

2, n.

(Bako.), the moon.

some

given

point,

not

measurement of anything perpendicular. Ngengo, 2, n., a very steep and dangerous bank or chasm or sloping precipice.

a large squirrel, white hairs on yellow-skinned belly, the rest brownish white, whitish
2, n.,

stripes

on

tail.

antela, n., Calabar bean. Ngonzekela, 2, //., a collection.

Ngongo

(2)

Ngengengo,
e

2, n.,

a chasm.
firmly,
se-

ngi

(2),

adv., tightly,

curely.

-angOVO, a., for nothing, for no purpose or reward or reason. Ngozi, 2, n. (Bako.), a snoring, sa ngozi (Bako.), to snore.

-angidinginza,
Ngizihl,
for
2,
n.,

a., desolate, solitary, drear, bare, treeless.

Nguba,
dia e

2, n.

nguba akuluka omu tulu

the reason or purpose

coming.
2,
n., limit,

NgingU,

thing

marked

bound, not but out,

'any-

the

without fear or anxiety, to be in peaceful circumstances. Ngudi (2) a longO (12), n., the mother(Proverb), to eat

boundary of what is right or intended, the bounds of moderation.

in-law of the wife (not of the husband, she would be ko).

ngingu

kole, adv., thoroughly but not too much, in moderation,

Ngumba, i,n. (Bako.)=kimpumbulu. Ngumbu, 2, n., an outer covering,

casing, something of sufficient thickness strength to prove

within the bounds of moderation.

Ngobodi,

something huge, terribly great, something which inspires awe on account of its
2,

n.,

a protection, a screen, partition also a dome, arch, arc.

size,

a bogie, a dragon, a fabulous monster, a mask to wear

2, n., a vault for temporary or special interment. Ngungu, 2, n.+ parchment. NgungU, 2, n., a very great crime or

Ngunga,

NGU-NIU
Ngungu,
continued.

one

far-reaching quences of evil.

2,
.,

of

conse-

Niania, Nianza,

v.i. t

v.i.,

to shine, glitter, sparkle. to go, come or walk

noiselessly.
jioise,

Ngungula-ngungula,
Ngutu,
2,
ft.,

rush, bustle, energy.

Ngwawani,

a metal spoon, a trowel. concord, accord, ., 2, harmony, a being in tune

Nianzuna, ) v.t., to crush to pulp. Niasuna, f sorrow. Nienge, 4, Niengomoka, v.i., to rot to
.,

into pulp,

pieces.

Nienie,

6, n.,

apostrophe

(').

(whether of people or musical

instruments).

an orator, Ngwelele-ngwenze, 2, a good speaker. Ngwenzo, 2, n., a delicious taste or

.,

Nienza, ?/./.= nianza (App.). Nieta, v. (Bako.), to crush or mash against the side of the cooking
pot.

Nietama,

v.z.,

to

be pressed under a

flavour

(supposed to

be

per-

ceived by the ears rather than the tongue).

6

heavy weight. Nieteka, v.t. to place a heavy weight

y

upon.

ngwi

(2),

adv.) tightly, firmly, se-

Nietoka,

-z/.z'.,

to
.,

come

in

crowds.

curely.

Nikinwa,
the sense of hearing.
#.,

Ngwilll,
to

2, #.,
2,

Ngwizani,

willingness to listen

the stone used for crushing (pepper, &c.) on another stone.

6,
.,

each other a state of law

be reasonable

order, civilization, friendly intercourse.

2,
;/.,

&

see nsonsa, App. Niku-niku (4), Nikuna, ?/./. + start (a subject) wan
;

onikwini

diambu
.

diadi,

Ngyadi,

fetus,

embryo.
to aid

since you have started or

men-

Ngyaku,

2, n.,

one who comes

tioned this subject

in the prosecution

of some enter-

prise ; one who joins in a song or chorus, a chorister. Ngyambani, 2, ., the most intimate
friendly relationships, even to a community of goods almost
;

Nima, 2, ?z. + lee, shelter. Nimba, v. to doze. sleep-sickness. manimba, pL 9, Nimba, v.t., to revolve rapidly, pery

.,

pendicularly only.

yambana, App., hence, ngyambani muna mpasi, or

joy.

see

mu
the

a long thin kwanga. Ninga, 6, Ningika, ?/./., to stop, delay, check, keep still or silent, restrain, im.,

wete, sympathy in sorrow or

pede.

Niokoka,
(2)

Ngyambika

a moko
;

(9),

;?.,

v.i. y to come or be put or brought in crowds or abund-

laying on of hands, the imposition of hands ^yambika,

ance.

Niokona,

v.i.,

to put

or bring plenti-

App.

fully.
2, n.,
2,

Ngyambu,
Ngyatikti,

permission.
.,

NiongOta,

v.i. t

to wriggle

and crawl

a commencement,

beginning.

(as maggots). Niosona, ZA/., to beat cruelly.

a taste, an earnest, Ngyeleka, 2, something given as an earnest of more to follow all in due
.,

Niotona, 7/./.=niokona, App.

Niosi,
2,
2,
.,

Nitu,

n. -f-the

a bee (Bako.), honey. flesh, the substance

;

course.

of the body, so the body

.,

nitu

Ngyemo,

2,

Ngyendelo,

2,

a suckling. for going. ., the reason

>

ame ina e kiozi, I am cold, nitu a ///. my flesh is cold

;

Ngyumbnla, 2 (Bako.), Ngyumbwila, 2,

a bee

muntu, human
Niukutu,
2, n.

flesh.

NIU-NKA
Niukutu, continued. ye niukutu yo nta, a., very sour. Niunguta, v.L (Bako.), to wriggle
crawl (as maggots).

886

Nkanda, continued. nkanda a longo

(10),

n.,

money

&

paid to the parents for a wife.

wana

(i

pi.}

a nkanda a

ese, chil-

Nkabu,
Nkadi,

2, 2,

w.-f-courage, pluck.
;z.,

dren of one father but various

mothers, i.e. the children of the man's matrimonial speculations.

a demon, devil, a fiend-

ish person,

nkia nkadi inete ko, what in the d took him there ? what wretched influence induced him
to

Nkanda-kanda, 2, n. vana nkanda-kanda

a, prep.,

on

go there
n.

the top of (water only). Nkandikilwa, 2, n., a prohibition.

Nkafi,

(generally sing.\ irritation, anger, vexation.

4,

Nkangadilu,
ceived).

4,

n.,

a visitation

(re-

-ankaka,

a.

(Bako.), other.
2,
.,

Nkaka

(2)

a ekunda(8),
2,

a great-

Nkangala (4) a nzila aLuvu(Proverb), those who happen to be going

.,

grandparent.

in the

same

direction, but

on

Nkakidiswa,
or

n,,

a screen, shield

shelter,

something

which

business, having nothing to do with each other.

different

blocks the way or view. Nkakilu, 2, n., a guard, flange.

Nkangalu,
brake,

4,

.,

company,

com-

panionship.
visit (paid). Nkangalu, 4, one who travels. Nkangazi, 4, Nkangazi, 4, -+a reflected image.
.,
.,

Nkakilwa,

2,
;

n.,

check,

ratchet

see kakidila,
#.,

A pp.

Nkakuludia,.2,
parent.

a great great grand-

Nkangu,
4,

4, n.,

an agreement, a cove-

Nkala-menga,

.+the place where a great hunter was buried or where his hair which was cut off his head at death, was buried.
2,
.,

nant, bond, contract.

mbiya a nkangu, see mbiya, p. 343e lumbu kia nkangu a ntangwa,

the day appointed.

Nkalati,

thinness, emaciation.
.,

nkangu,
locked
;

adv.,

tied

-ankalati,

thin,

emaciated.

twika kio
tied

up, bound, o nkangu,

Nkama,

wife or husband, seldom 4, used but,oft}wse in high position.

.,

send

it

up

wana
found
soner.

o
it

nkangu,
locked.
.,

ngyele yo went & I

bound,
pri-

Nkambakani,
Nkambakani,

&
.,

4, n.,

a mediator,
lying
lati-

a go-between.
2,

-ankangu,

tied up,

many things
a parallel of

across each other.

-ankangu,

/*.,

numerous.
(4),
.,

Nkambiku,

2,

.,

Nkangu
Nkani,
2,

(4)

a ntima
.,

misery,

tude, latitude.

wretchedness.

-ankambwa, a. nsangu (2) zankambwa, secondhand news.

one who has malicious

malicious.
4,
.,

intentions.

-ankani,
tissue

.,

Nkamvi,

any kind which has been chewed and the

4, ,.,

of

Nkanikinu,
threat,

command,

a promise, vow, imperative

goodness extracted, chewed

fuse.

re-

instruction,

an order.

sia
.

Nkanda, 4, vana o nkanda a basia

v.,

(P. basia),

to make a ?/., promise or threat, to take a vow, command, order.

nkanikinu,

to present with one's freedom.

(8),
.,

Nkanka,

2, w.

+ devotedness,

devotion

nkanda efwa
ment.

will, testa-

(in that sense, not worship), selfabandonment in the cause of

88 7

NKA-NKE
continued.

Nkanka,

continued.
faithfulness
(in

Nkaya-kaya,
that
e

another,
sense}.

nevertheless, in spite of all, all was in vain, it was of no use.

sia e

nkanka,
2,
?/.,

v.,

to display such

nkaya-kaya,
lessly, to
,

adv., in

rain, fruit-

devotion.

Nkanka,

trust.

In

the faith, confidence, Doutrina Christa

(1624) this word is always used of the Faith, religion,

no purpose. Nkayikwa, 2, n a cross-piece, crossline, cross-threads, the woof, a part which lies at right angles
with a structure or fabric,

nkanka za Nzambi ampungu=

the Christian religion, the holy Faith. This is the solution of

-ankayikwa,
cross,

a.,

lying

cross-wise,

thwart, at with the length.

right

angles

the

the note under

which prompted nkanka on p. It may be that the real 380. and original meaning of nkanka is faithfulness, and that this was
difficulty

cross-wise, adv., athwart, at a right angle with the length. Nkayi-mini, 2, n., Buteo jackal, the

ku nkayikwa,

strained

into

usage for

faith,

jackal buzzard, having a cry like a jackal, living much on the

because
sia e

the

ancient missionfaith

ground,

&

is

a great
.,

ratter.

aries lacked a better word,

Nkeka

nkanka,
.

v., to

impose

or confidence, confide, trust. + a criminal offence, 1U, 4,

a thistle a mfinda, growing in the woods. -ankeko, a., fine, handsome, rich, or(2)

nata o nkanu,

v., to

be guilty of or
for

Nkembo,
Nkenda,

namental. 2, n., an ornament, piece of

finery, jewel, jewellery.
2,

come under condemnation

a criminal offence, be guilty. Nkanza, 2, n. (Bako.), a jigger which has not penetrated the skin.

n
or

kuna nkenda

kuna nkendathe applied form

nkenda, with
regretfully.

Nkanzangala, 2, w.^kingandi. Nkanzika, 4, n., a mouthful.

Nkasi, pi.
2,
.,

of the verb, sorrowfully, sadly

thongs of skin or

Nkasi,

leather twisted together. 2, n., fierce determination.

n.
.

nkenda! interj., poor thing. fury, great anger, Nkenene,//. 2,

.,

rage.

Nkata, 2, wanda.
one

Nkengezi,

.0

moko mu nkata,
;

to con(to

n. (Bako.), climbing 2, grass, razor-edged, also a sharp

vey the news of a murder

in authority)

marsh
Nkengi,
i

grass.
4,

wizidi wa-

nda

mfumu

moko
told

mu
the

one who takes care ., or looks after (something), a

bishop.
2,
.,

nkata, he came
-ankatu,
.

&

chief of the murder.

Nkengwa,
wrongfully.

light,

+ for nothing,
.,

candle

of arachids

lamp, native or croton

Nkatulu, 4, Nkavi, 2, man.

-ankavi,

the taking away.

nuts threaded on a stick.

n.,

powerful,

strong

Nkenonoka,
ing.

2,

.,

abhorrence, loatha

.,

powerful.
4,
.,

Nkento
sleeplessness,

(i)

ansona,

.,

widow

(i.e.

Nkawa-meso,

woman

solitary, bereft).

night watchings.

Nkawu,

watchman, policeman, gendarme.

2,
n.,

watcher,

Nkento-nkento, 2, ., a young woman. Nkenza, 2, n. (Bako.), the vagina. Nkesona, 2, ;/., a piece broken off, a
crumb,
bit.

Nkaya-kaya,

conj.,

notwithstanding,

NKE-NKI
Nketa,
4, n.,

888

folds of skin in
fat

emaciated

Nkielelo, continued.

or very

people.

ntetembwa
star,

(2)

a nkielelo, daystar.

e nkete, adv., with subj.fut. indef. and only used where the action is

morning
n.,

Nkiku,

4,

vious

not yet performed, before, preto, while as yet... not, on

things,

regular way of doing established custom,

general rule (of grammar), law

(of nature).

no account... before. There is something very emphatic, even imperative, when nkete is used.
e

Nkikwa,

2,

.,

a thing to intercept
(6),

with,

nkete

ofonga,
before you

nkomho,
tie

okanga e sit down

nkikwa a tulu
Nkinda,
2,

n.,

a
;

a breast-plate. being strong,

also the

the goat.

strengthening

charms
evil,

nkete nki ? why, for what reason ? (///. what was before as a reason
or cause
?)

worn

to

protect from
fetish

phylactery. nkinda e evata, a

image

Nketekelo,

2,

n.,

that part of anyis

thing which

between two

placed in the centre or entrance of a town to protect the town

large ends, specially narrowed & drawn out, as the stem of a

&

ensure

its

prosperity.

A
is

fe-

tish

image when carved

of

wine-glass or the handle of a dumb-bell.

mere piece

wood

until

Nketekwa,
to

2,

n.,

a peg upon which

small portion of the contents of a bundle of fetish has been

things, also the crosses The often stuck into fetishes.

hang

placed in a hole in the head or

belly of the image this portion is called the nkinda (strength),
;

translator

of

the

Doutrina

Christa (1624) says that "The Kongos called the crucifix

iquetiquelo"
(sing,
(pi.),
i.e.

iketekelo

and so long as it remains in the image it is a fetish. The soul of the fetish is in the nkinda.
4, n., an uncertain, unstable, unreliable fellow. Nkindi, 4, n. (Bako.), a carved wooden

as it kiketekelo) or, would be in the modern Kon-

Nkinda-nkinda,

ketekelwa (fr. keteka, hang up), thing on which

go,

to

to

hang.

pillow.

Nki.

Nkingu,
adv.,

2,

n.,

a crowd, mass, great

kiau tu nki,
anki,
interj.,

by

all

means,

certainly, indeed.

number, how many or exceedused only in ingly, what a

,

why (when used as an

anki olueke, why, here

expressions

of

wonderment ;

interj^}\

nkingu a wantu bena vava,

what a mass of people there
are nkingu a tombe ekio how fearfully dark it is nkingu a nzo yoyo what an immense house nkingu a
!

he

is

Nkiainbieinbie, 2, n. + plant and beans (bright red with black

ends) of Abrus prectorius the beans are known as Jaquirity
;

beans.

tonga ekio! a big

n.,

fellow like

Nkidibita, 4, wood.
Nkiedi,
2, n.

a great piece of

fire-

this too

(I

should have thought

that you

would

have

known

paid into court before decision is given, a wager,

+ money
dawn.

a bet.
Nkielelo,
2, n.,

Nkio, Nkisi

better, a big fellow like you.) 2, n., excessive bitterness.

(4)
fits.

a teke (Bako.),

.,

epileptic

NKI-NKU
Nkitimisu
Nkitimu,
(4)

a ntima

(4), n.,

a hor-

Nkondobela,
above.

2,

;/.

(Bako.)=nkondo

rible, terrible thing. 4, n.,

a great roaring con(4), n.,

flagration.

Nkitimu
a

(4)

a ntima

a horror,
!

ta nkondobela= zinga o nkondo. Nkondo-nkondo, 4, n., the crossing of the arms over the chest through
grief, bitterness

shudder, a terrible thing nkitimu (causing a shudder)

;

of

spirit, grief.

Nkondwa,

2,

.,

deficiency,
is

deficit,

a ntima kikilu wekala what a terrible thing it was e nkiti nkiti nsangu-nsangu, adv.,
!
!

that which

lacking, a being

in need, want, necessity.

Nkongolo,

2, n.,

see

etenda-nkongolo

safe

&

sound.

(App.).

Nko.
i

nko

nko, adv., here one

&

there

another, here & there, in various places (but not everywhere). a whiteNkodi (2) ankwata, .,

a ring, circle. a point, promontory, cape, headland. Nkono, 4, n., the source of one's in-

Nkongolozi,

2,

.,

Nkonko,

2,

n.

(Solongo),

come, business, trade, occupation, profession.

breasted buzzard.

-ankofo,

a.,

great, big.

Nkonzo,

2,

n.,

Nkoko,
Nkolo,

a long straight trumpet without any bend.

4, n.,

&
and

energy,

the source of strength that which makes

the muscles

& members move

4, n.,

an

affair to

be attended
all

to,

business.
2,

life,

render their service, not but nervous energy, hence,

;

Nkolomona,

n.,

freedom from
difficulties
;

a nerve

kena ya nkonzo ya

obstruction

&

also

ngolo ko, he has no energy or

strength.

marks made

at the junction of

two roads to show which road the caravan takes,

-ankolomona,

a.,

straightforward,

unobstructed (of a course).

Also a fetish image supposed to restore strength to a paralysed part (i.e. from which the nkonzo has departed).

Nkolwa,

2, n.

Nkosa, 4
a drunken man. the father of the bride

nkwa nkolwa,
Nkomba,
(at
2, n.,

Nkosa a mbu,
Nkosa, Nkoyo,
4, n.,
2,

U,
)

lobster.

a wedding).
2, n.,

n.,

a very old man. a 2o-lb. barrel of powa Christian,

Christian.
tick.

Nkombe,

a whistling noise

made
to

der.

by Kongos when stopping

rest in

Nkristu,

i,

n.,

climbing a hill or in setting down a heavy load. ta e nkombe, v., to make such a sound.

-ankristu,

a.,

Nkuba,

2,

11.,

a grass

-ankuba,

a.,

woven throughout, woven

entire.

-ankomfo = ankofo. Nkonda (2) a koko (9), n., the hollow of the bent arm (in which children are often nursed)
o
;

Nkubilwa, 4, n., the foundation or what corresponds to it in a Kongo house, the main stakes
of a building.

osidl

andi vana nkonda a koko, he nursed his child on

his

mwana
arm.
4, n.

-ankufi,
i

a.

vankufi va tadila
(Proverb), it he tried that
is

makinu
him
that
;

well for
trick

Nkondo,

zinga o nkondo, to cross the arms

over the chest
shoulders.

&

clasp one's

on me if he had treated any one else so he would have learnt a lesson it is on a short (small) (//'/.
little

NKU-NKU
Nkubilwa,
place
dance).
continued,
that

890

Nkumbi,
practises

2,

n.,

a viceroy, governor,
representative,
adv.,

one

ambassador, pronoun.

Nkiika,

Nkuku, Nkuku,
Nkula,

redemption (mid. v.}. a mushroom-shaped nest of white ants.

2, n.,

2, n.,

ye nkumbi yo lulendo, assumed pretensions,

warranted violence
;

by by unbakutu-

2, n.,

4, n.,

grime. a rapid chase, a race, a

mwini o madia muna mbangu zeto ye nkumbi yo

lulendo, they snatched the food out of our baskets as though it

course.

Nkulu, I, ?z. + a patriarch. -ankulu-nkumbi, very ancient. Nkulu, 2, redemption (passive}. fruit (like a fir cone) of Nkulu, 2,
.,
.,
.,

were
-a e

theirs.

nkumbi yo lulendo, a. zumba kia nkumbi yo

lule-

mpusu,

&

Nkulubu,

2,

date palm. n., a basket

0r cage

ndo, a rape. Nkumbi, 4, n., a wonder, marvel.

i

which pigeons or small animals can be carried.

(small)
6
in

diau didi

this is the

mbuta a nkumbi, most important point,

noun.

nkuluki, adv.) returning some other day wele e nkuluki, he has

;

item, factor, matter, &c.

gone, and will not return for a day or two.

Nkumbu, Nkumbu,

2,

+a
2,

4, n.,

a crop.
.,

Nkumbuluka,
number

a repetition, a

Nkuluki,

a loss, that which lost (in trade or accounts).

2,

n.,

is

of times.
wilfulness, obstinacy,

Nkumfu,

4, n.,

0r ntima (4), n., patience, resignation, ease of mind. Nkulukwa, 2, n., a losing, a loss.
(4)

Nkuluku

a moyo

(3)

stubbornness, perverseness, crookedness, surliness, churlishness.

Nkulungunzu, Nkulungunzu,
ness,

2,

.,

hard,

-ankulungunzu, hard.
4,
.,

nakedness, bare-

a pause. Nkuminu, 2, Nkuna, 2, w.+a plant (planted). a planting, a sowing. Nkuna, 2, home, Nkunda, 2,
.,
.,

.,

nkundakiani

(2),

adv.,

one above
the other,

-ankulungunzu, a., naked, bare. Nkuluntu, 2, ., one of the chief of the elders, an ancient man, a
senator, governor.

-ankundakiani, a., one on top of the

other.

Nkunda-ngongo,

2, n. (Bako.), a large gallinaceous bird, bustard ?

There are two nouns nkuluntu; one has a light nasal initial,

Nkunda-nkunda,
e

2, n., an epiphytic plant growing on the nsafu tree. (2),

a.,

and

belongs to the
is

2nd

class,

nkundieka

adv. t

the other a

heavy nasal

initial,

-ankundieka,
e

one above or on top of

and
2nd

The \st c'ass. noun implies an individual much more old and
of the
class

the other.

nkundikwa
4,

Nkungi,

honourable than him of the class noun.

\st

adv., in the plural. a great sight, spectacle or function to which a great

(2),
.,

Nkulwa,

2, n., 4,

redemption (passive).
strength
(physical),

Nkuma,

n.,

number of people gather nkungi a nkasa walungilu, the giving of the nkasa had
;

energy, power, by the possession of which one has efuka.

gathered a great crowd

function was resorted

(lit.

the

to,

largely

Nkumbi,

2, n., a swarm of lunswa (winged white ants).

Nkungulu,

being understood}. a wonder, marvel. 4, .,

NKU-NKW
lu, contimted.
i

Nkuwu,
point,

continued.

diau didi

mbuta a nkungulu,
most important

restored,

meanwhile

violence

this is the

item, factor, matter, &c.

cunka,

4,

//.,

the pitch, slope, of a

reigned, yala e nkuwu, to spread the nkuwu, to assume the government,

roof.

yala -nkuwu, a
a jungle which was not
.

fine

spreading

Nkunku, Nkunku,

2, n.,

tree.

burnt last season.

2,

-ansi a

(Bako.)

nganzu

nkuwu, a., unlawful, proscribed, penal, but when used

authorities,
councils,

(App.)-

of
.,

&c.,

Nkunku,
his

2,

a master of his prois

legal, properly constituted, ac-

fession,

one who

perfect
;

(in

knowledge,

&c.)

salu
is

Nkuzuki,

cording to the statutes. i & 4, n., a transgressor.

i,

kia

nkunku
4, n.,

kiki, this

the

Nkwa,

n.

work of a master hand.

nkwa

Nkunkula,

the grinding surface

;

of a grindstone the tire of a wheel, also the surface to which

zayi (12), n., a generous, liberal person (who knows how to make good use of his money).
before verbs.

-nkwa

the

tire is

applied.

unkwa

or

unkwa kala
if

vo, in
if
;

Nkusi, 4, n. (Bako.), a breaking of wind (downwards), ta o nkusi, v., to break wind. Nkuta (2) a luse (10), n., the middle
of the forehead.

case that,

perhaps,

per-

haps it may be that, if when U- (nma, understood) is thus

prefixed to
impersonal,
bility

-nkwa
and

it

becomes

Nkutu-bandu,
is

2,

.,

something which

existent,

implies possibut when the

a careful copy of something else, an exact copy or reproduction, the impression

left

other prefixes are applied, it is to be translated by lest, &c., i.e.

to

by

avoid the possibility ;

.

V6,

a seal.

nkwa

kala oyu ovova vo

mwana

a nkutu-bandu, a child which is the very image of its

parent, &c.

nkanda a nkutu-bandu, a copybook.

some one may say that Nkwala, 2, n., a channel, highway, -ankwala-nkwala, a. ndungu zankwala-nkwala, pepper
without
salt.

Nkuwu,

2,

n.,

which

a carpet or rug upon only a chief may sit,

Nkwalu,

4, n.,

&

carelessness

hasty thoughtlessness in speech or

hasty, careless, any-

hence the sign of lawful authority government, the ideal of

action.

-ankwalu,

a.,

proper government (see under kiyoka) kuna nsi eno ke

;

how, thoughtless.

nkwalu,

adv., hastily, carelessly,

kuna nkuwu
ment
in

ko, there is no established authority or govern-

with an absence of due care

and correctness.

your country. bangula e nkuwu, v., to break a law, commit a very serious offence.

-ankwamu,
Nkwezi, Nkwezi,

a.,

continuous, constant,

frequent.
2, n.,
i

According to Kongo custom, when such an offence was committed anarchy prevailed until the culprit was punished, not until then was law and order

4,

a relative by marriage. an impresser, a ;/.,

printer.

Nkweteso,

4, n., a grinding or gnashing (of the teeth). Nkwimu, 4, n., a blaze.

NKW-NON
Nkwiya
Nlaka
(4)

892

walembi
spirit.

velela,

n.,

an

Nlembami,
meek.

i,

.,

one who

is

gentle,

unclean

(4) a ntinu, n., power to run batezanisi o nlaka a ntinu, they raced together, i.e. com-

Nlenda,
Nlendi,

sing. 4, #., hair

growing on
;

the chest.
4,
.,

a rich

man

also

pared
powers.

each

other's

running

euphemism for a corpse because

of the ostentation of wealth at a funeral.

nlaka

a kwenda, n., power to go, the distance which can be traversed teza o nlaka aku a kwenda, see how far you can
(4)
;

Nlevo,
Nlolo,

4,

//.,

abuse.

4, #.,

a
.,

line,

Nlomba,

4,

row, a sentence. a small plant, as a male

go.

Nlakazi, 4, ceous
of

#.,
?)

a creeping (orchidaplant having a small

;

not

papaw, &c., a tree which does bear fruit on account of sterility or sex.

blue flower
life.

it is

very tenacious
Cfor),

Nlaku,

4,

n.,
;

a great liking
o

taste

nlaku ke usaki, do

Nlongi, 4, ., teaching, doctrine. o nlongo, a?ft/.=mpa8i (conj.\ App. a pupil, disciple. 4, ., Nlongoki, i Nlualua, 4, n., an ambassador.

not
too

let

far,
4,

your liking carry you use without abusing.

.

Nluku,

4,

.,

a family

name

derived
rela-

from
tive.

some ancestor or

Nlalanza,
tree.

(P. laranja),

orange Nlula,

Nlanda,

4,

(for

an unhealthy season people or cattle).

#.,

bitterness. 4, ., anger, rage, nlula, adv., in an angry mood

The season

of the heavy rains

is

wele nlula, he went away in an angry mood.

Nlulu, 4, n. (Bako.), a small a keeper. 4, Nlungi, i
.,

very fatal to pigs, the short dry season for goats.

fish.

Nlandu,
(of

4,

.,

the taking no notice

threat,

Nlungu,

4,

.,

completion, fulfilment,
its

call,

violence,

arrival at

zenith (astron.).
.,

annoyance, persecution, pain),

stoicism,

Nlungu-lungU,
generosity.

4,

prodigality,

forbearance,

long-

squandering, wasteful, ruinous

Nlanzi,

suffering (in the above sense}. a tatter. 4, .,

a., in

ngangu za nlungu-lungu,
ning which
fails

a cun-

-anlanzi-nlanzi,

rags

tatters.

to enable its

Nlaya,

4,

.,

cloth of very fine tissue,

linen, silk, &c.

possessor to keep his property, a foolish, false cunning which

fails entirely in its

-anlaya,

a.,

very fine (of fibres

&

purpose.

threads).

Nokwa,

v.t.,

to

menstruate (a euphe-

Nlaza, Nlebo,

4, n. 4, n.)

(Bako.)=ndaza,
persuasiveness.
persuasive.
(3)

A pp.
Nona,
(4),
(fr.
.,

misni).
6, n.,

example, instance, lesson

-anlebo,

a.,

Nlekoko a moyo
koka,
to

or

ntima

earnest desire, longing

le-

burn

fiercely).
(3)

NISkoko
n.,

(4)

a moyo

or ntima

(4),

v., take as an example, take for instance. Sia e nona, to give an example. Nonga-nonga, 6, ., pattern, standard

(warning). bonga e nona,

the absence of all impatience,

(fr.

of comparison, gauge, exact re-

patience, peace

16koka, to
level

semblance.

be released).
Nlela-nlela,
place.
4,
n.,

-anonga-nonga,
a plain, a
rect.

a.,

exact, strict, cor-

nonga-nonga,

adv., true to scale

-nonga, continued. or gauge, exactly the same, in

exactly the
sia...e

same way as. nonga-nonga, v., make a

;

Nsampu,2, appearance, apparition untwasa o mbazi mene yantala e nsampu, bring him to-mor.,
;

row, that
like.

may

see 'what he

is

comparison with..., set... as a utusidi o nti waii e gauge nonga-nonga, he gave us this
stick as the gauge.
Tote, 2, n. (P. norte), the north.
n.

Nsanga,
the

2,

.,

opposite sex only, i.e. brother uses it of a sister

vice-versd.

a brother or sister of a

&

Nsa, Nsa,

4,

+ Church,

company

of the

Nsangalavwa,
used

4,

.,

followers of Christ.
2, n.

in native

a cane-like plant, medicine,

to

(Bako.), acidity, tartness, an acid sourness.

2,
.,

nua

nsangalavwa a ungudi,

drink a concoction of nsanga-

Nsadidila,

;/.,

remainder.

Nsafu,

4,

uncleanness, foulness,
unclean, foul,
denied,

defilement, pollution, obscenity.

-ansafu,

a.,

lavwa, which is supposed to tame civilize those who drink that no misunderstandings it, may occur between those who
drink
tract
it

polluted, obscene.

together, hence to conalliance.

Nsakabadi, 4, ., tamarind tree. tamarind fruit. Nsakabadi, 2, cassava leaves, hence also Nsaki, 2, a dish prepared from them. Nsakila, 4, ., an alarm cry, an alarm
., .,

an

nwika

nsangalavwa,
i.e.

to

make

peace, to reconcile,
the draught which
peace.

to cause

two or more enemies to drink

seals their

=mbwabwa,

p. 345.

ta o nsakila, z/., to raise an alarm. Nsakila, pi. 2, ., junior, youngest + the plural is used even when one person is sfioken of; oyandi mpe nsakila zame, he, too,
;

Nsangu,

4,

.,

the noise (drumming,

singing, cantation.

&

shouting) at an in-

Nsangu, Nsangu,

4,
2,

.,

a mixture.
in the sing., a report,

.,

is

my junior.
a siwa meso
2,
.,
.

Nsala

(2)

(pi. 7),

.,

eye-

information, account, history ; e in the pi., news, intelligence

;

service.

Nsalafu,

Nsalu,

4,

(Bako.), driver ants. harvest.

n.,
.,

nsangu andi, the report of him. secondnsangu (2) zankambwa,

.,

hand news.
e

nsungi a nsalu,
.,

harvest-time.

a mane. Nsamba-samba, 2, Nsambu, ^/. 2, grace (imparted). nkwa nsambu, one who is blessed,
fortunate,

nsangu-nsangu, adv. e nkiti-nkiti nsangu-nsangu,

safe

&

sound.
4, n.,

Nsangunia,
(see

triumph, exultation

vana

nsambu,
2,
.,

v.,

to bless, give

Nsansi,

4,

sanga). n., a fit (of any kind).

2, n., explanation. (Bako.), the loofa, a wild

a blessing.

Nsansumuna,
Nsanu,
2, n.

Nsambu,

the ends of a piece of cloth, the corners of handkerchief or sheet.

cucumber.

Nsanza,

Nsambuki,

one who the Blessed One.

r, #.,

is

blessed,
for

2, n., the mouth of a trumpet, funnel or bell or any enlargement at the end of a cylinder.
2,
.

Nsampa,

4, n. (Bako.), a shelter built near the

house

Nsasa,//.

.,

dung

(of birds).
ship).

woods by

a palm-wine tapster, a shelter,

booth.

Nsauka, 2, Nsavu, 4,

+a

voyage (by

an excess, superfluity, super-abundance, hence lavish

n.,

NSA-NSI
Nsavu,
continued.
also

Nsi, continued.
heart, in the heart.

generosity or expenditure, pro-

bottom of one's
(4),

disparagement, dishonour, disesteem, light esdigality

;

nsi

(2)

ntima

the

heart's
;

timation.

desire, earnest desire

or wish

nsavu a vwa, a superabundance

of goods.

-a nsi a ntima, of the heart, the heart's best, the beloved,

-ansavu,
ing.

a.,

disparaging, dishonour-

darling

mwana ame

a nsi a
heart,

ntima, the child of

n.,

my

Nsaya,
Nse,
2,

2,

a plantation prepared

but not yet planted.

.,

raw condition.

darling child. Nsi-mote, a name given to a son born after many children or relatives

my

e nse, adv., without previously cooking, raw.

have died

see

mwingi

(fwa-

mwingi), App.

Nselwa,

4,

.,

a netted sling in which

is

Nsiamu,
Nsiau,
4,

2,
.,

.,

accent.

a calabash

carried.

a very

soft,

immature

Nsema,

the whole creation, all creatures.

4,
.,

root of manioc.

Nsidikwa,

Nsema, Nsemi,
a

2,
i

.,

&

the creating, creation. 4, a maker of images,

a foundation, base, ., 2, the that which renders secure

;

fetish

which gives security to a

sculptor,

&c.

see

sema,

town.

App.

Nsende,2&ii,
.,

asparagus

Nsende-nsende, 2, recompense, reward, Nsendo, 4, payment.

Nsiekolo, 4, n. (Bako.), threshold. Nsienene, 2, ., severe diarrhoea, also a tuber possessing a highly
cathartic principle.

Nsiesie, Nsiesie,

2,

.,

Nsendomona,
ner.

2,

.,

a sarcastic manto

2,

n.

a small round reed. (Bako.), a gazelle-like

n.,

antelope.

vova
Nsengi,

nsendomona,
;/.,

z>.,

speak

Nsikinwa,
knee

2,

sarcastically.
2,

rest,

a hassock, foot or a small cushion or

a spy, scout, explorer,

.,

pad

to

support the leg

.

when

inspector, surveyor.

squatting.

NsengO,

4,

how something comes

an explanation as to to be

Nsikulwa,
App.
Nsilu,
4,

2,

(Bako.)=mwekwa,
termination,
ter-

see mpitu-ye-nsengo, App. Nsenzele, 4, ., rock, a stratum of rock (not a boulder), a rocky

.,

end,

minal

point, boundary, limit, farthest point, extremity, con;

place, the out-crop of rock.

-ansevi,

a.

+meno
(lit.

(7)

mansevi,

front
i.e.

teeth

e nza yayi o nsilu weyi? where is the uttermost bound of the earth ?

clusion

smiling teeth,
>

the teeth

which appear when one smiles). the last cup of Nsi, 2, wine in a calaNsi, pi. 2 (Bako.), j
bash.
-ansi,
a.,

some2, n., a foundation, base, thing very firm & secure. Nsimba-lusangu, 2, ., native broNsilu,

caded
fibre,

velvet

of

palm frond

as

woven
an
.,

now on

the

earthly.

Upper Kasai.
Nsimbinini,
2,
2,
.,

nsi or nsi-nsi, with the locatives,

the inmost, lowest.

axle-tree.

Nsimbininu,
Nsindu,

a stay, fastener,

kunansi or munansi - nsi (&c.) a ntima (4), in the inmost

ligament. ., immobility, lethargy. 4,

Tsindulu,

n. 2, (Bako.), stone or pebble used in cracking nuts or crushing pepper, arachis, &c.
(4),

Nsobwa,

continued.

necessary to exchange another woman in the place of some

nsingamu
Nsingingi,
4,

adv.,

straight

on,

other

woman

betrothed, or a de-

over, &c.
.,

straightness.
straight.

ceased wife, a present is given " the to the husband on chang-

-ansingingi,

a.,

ing of the name."

e nsingingi, adv., upright, erectly.

Nsingu
Nsinini,
Nsinsi,

(2)

a nzi

(2), n.,

a crack in the

skin between the fingers or toes.

4,
//.,

straightness.
straight.

Nsodia, 2, n., a beak. Nsodiodio, 2, n., a few remaining, a remnant (after the greater part has gone away).
-ansoka,
a.,

-ansinini,
2,

a.,
;/.,

made

up, invented, not

dead weight, weight,

real

heaviness.

Nsoki
;

(4)

and true. a mbwanzi

(2), n.,

a care-

heaviness ezitu = comparative nsinsi = actual weight, whether great or little. Nsinzi, 2, n., that which imparts hardness
water.
to

thoughtless action, which involves great loss. A fly canless,

not eat a whole carcase, but settles on it for a moment, &

the whole soon decomposes.

water,

hardness

of

-ansokela,

a.,

play, chaffing.

-ansinzi,

maza
Nsioni,
4,

hard of water. mansinzi, hard water.

a.,

nkumbu
Nsola,
2,

(2)
n.,

ansokela, a nickname.
the
clearing

away

of

the quality of being long

a., tall

&

forest or

woods

(not jungle), to

thin,

make a farm
long thin, as thin tree, a shaft, &c. horror (both of fear
horrible, horrid, terrible.

(esole).

-ansioni,

& thin,

Nsola, sing.
to

2, n.,

the felled

wood

cut

a
Nsisi,

tall,

make a farm,
2, n.,

as above.

2,

n.,

disgust), terror.

-ansisi,

a.,

Nsita,//.

2,

tt.+exceeding greatness,

excessiveness, superlative character, hence the rage

&

malice

two plants bearing capsules covered with barbed thornlets, which adhere to any clothing material. NsOttlbo, 2, n., that which is obtained by sombola, which see, App.
Nsolokoto,
small

seed

which comes through an exaggerated sense of the wrong done

to one,

Nsomo,

2,

.,

a skewer.

-ansompa,

a.,
2,

or the earnestness of de-

Nsompani,
ing.

borrowed, hired. ., marriage, a marry.-fan

to
eel. The eel is have a small stom-

sire after that

which

is

superla-

tively desirable j it may therefore be good as well as bad, &> be

Nsomvi,

4,

supposed

regarded as the equivalent of malice or zeal, according as the

intense emotion be evil or good.

ach, easily filled ; hence, (i) ntima (4) a kimfi.

nkwa
kia

nsomvi, one who

anger.

is

quick to

-ansita,

<z.

+ exceeding,
;

excessive,

superlative

zenza kwansita,

exceedingly sweet.

Nsondi, 2, n. (Bako.), tantalization. tela nsondi, v., to tantalize.

Nsivu-sivu, 2, 11., a crack in the lips. Nsiya, 2, ., a wooden whistle. Nsobani, 2, n., a mutual exchange. e nsobani (2), adv., in exchange. Nsobwa(2) a ezina (8), n., the changing of the name. When it becomes

Nsonga,

2, ?/., a being proper, correctness of behaviour.

Nsongelo, 2, ., means (letters, &c.) of showing introduction, evidence. Nsongi (2) a diambu (7), .,the plaintiff

or defendant

(in

a case)

i.e.

Nso-Nsu
Nsongi, continued.
either of the parties who have their respective cases to show.

896

-a

nsukami

(pi.

asukami),
that

a.,

poor,

needy, destitute.

Nsukinina,

2,

n.,

which comes

+ the nsongi (2) a nzila (2), most man in a caravan, kuna nsongi a nzila, to the
.

fore-

afterwards, a later development, e tasomething subsequent

;

front

ndu kia Mindele nsukinina,

before
the time of

place.

Nsongi,

2,

n.,

uprightness, righteous-

ness

of

conduct,

seemliness,

men (///. men was

Nsukisilu,
2,

the white the time of the white

comeliness, propriety,
a., comely, befitting, proper, right, correct. Nsongi, 2, n. (used with the verb in

subsequent). the end (of some.,

-ansongi,

an

thing which has a beginning & end, not two ends, as a piece of stick).

the applied form}, the right (to

)

(a

kuna ya nsongi a

Nsuku, 2, n. (Bako.), stocks, fetters. Nsukulu (4) a menga (pi. 7), n., the
washing of the blood.

kotela muna nzo ame ko, you have no right to enter my

house.

When a ntekolo

Nsongi,

2, n.,

the direction of (some-

(see App.) is given as a wife in exchange for some other female member of the

thing),

where (something) is or is going to kuna nsongi a evata diame kele, he is gone

;

family, lest she should be treated or counted as a slave, some present

to

in the direction of

my

town.

"

is given to the husband wash her blood," i.e. to

NsongO, pi.
one's

2, n.,

jealousy as regards

make

her as a

full

member

of

husband or wife. nganga (2) a nsongo, n., a jealous husband or wife.

-ansongo,
a.,

the family, and take out the slave element.

jealous.

Nsumbi, Nsumbi-nsumbi,

2,

.,

timidity,

anxiety,
v. t to

appre-

Nsonsa,

4,

n.,

the noise of

work or
stir,

hensiveness.

things being

moved

about,

yela e nsumbi,

be anxious,

bustle, a rustling. sia nsonsa, v., to

apprehensive.

make such
n.,

NsunVba-ndudi,
bladder.

2, n.

(Bako.), the gall

noise.

nsonsa yo niku-niku,
ance,
riot.
.,

disturb-

the uninitiated, an unNsonzolo, 2, educated person, one who has

Nsumi, 4, n. o nzenza okakanga e nua mia nsumi (Proverb), lit. a stranger, who as such has no special
business, stopping the holes

not had some special education, a layman pi., the laity.

;

of

nsumi
Nsunda,
2,
.,

#;//.?= idle
of

talk, the oc-

-ansonzolo,

a.,

uninitiated, lay.

cupation

the unoccupied.

Nsonzolo,

2,

n.,

a single child, not a

the excelling.

twin.

Nsundidi,

Nsosa, 2, n., the meaning, sense. NSOSO, 4, ., a sting, poison fangs. Nsudia, 2, ., a small variety of gourd.

2, n., surpassing character, greatness (comparative), excess,

victory.

Nsundungulu,
-ansungi,
a.

4, n.,

something hav-

Nsuka, 2, n. Oku nsuka,

finally.

ing no base to stand upon.

adv.) in the end, at last,

yaka
the youngest, last (of

(6)

kiansungi,
2, n.,

.,

a partition.
e

-ansuka,

<*.,

Nsunungina,
the

the barest vestige,

bit
;

persons).

least

little

nzevo

NSU-NTA
Nsunungina, continued. zozo? nsunungina zina!
a beard
of one.
?

Ntabala,
that

4,

a
place.
;/.,

swamp,

marsh,

muddy
Ntala,
pi.
2,

there

is

just a trace

persistence, importo

tunity.
2,

Nsunungu,
tooth.

n. -}-the

nerve of a

sia e ntala,
o ntalala (4)

v.,

be persistent,
(4),

importunate.
.,

Nsusidi,

2,

a shrinking, hesitancy.
z/.,

yo ntuluzu

adv.,

mona...e
Nsute, Nsuti,
2, 2,
.

nsusidi,
to.

to

shrink

from, hesitate
n.

wriggling along on the buttocks (as a baby who cannot crawl)

see tuluza,

hyperaemic
swelling in-

App.
(6),
>/.,

(Bako.),/

Ntalu

(4)

a sunga

the out-

side the nose.

-ansuva, a.+ excessive. Nsuvidi, 2, ;z.=nsundidi, App. Nsuwa, 4, ;/., something for which no place, duty or service is found.

come, result of atestof character. Ntambuki, i & 4, ., a favourite, pet, most favoured wife or child, one specially loved.
-antambuki,tf., favourite, best loved.

-ansuwa, a.-}- odd, extra (something) which has not its appointed place, service or duty.

Ntanda, Ntanda,

4, n.,
4,

india-rubber.
.,

a jigger which

penetrated

lumbu
Nswa,
2,

which there
n.,
a.,

kiansuwa, a day upon is no market.

freshness of palm-wine, not more than 12 hours

From
native

the

has beneath the skin. above because the

brought
#.,

traders

back

jiggers from the coast.

-answa,

Ntanda-ndembo,
place.

4,

the

great

old (of palm- wine).

square of a town, the palaver,

Nswa,

4,

.,

authority, authorization,
right.

power,

Ntangu,
sting.
2,

Nswa, 4, n. (Bako.), Nswa-koko, sing.,

is

n.,

that which
after

left

on one's plate

a
-a

an emigrant, one who town or country other than that in which he was born, a foreigner, stranger.
2,
11.,

lives in a

meal.
6

Ntangwa,

2, n.

nswalala, adv., unadvisedly, without due consideration, unintentionally, rashly. 2 T n., alternation, alter-

nkangu a ntangwa,
ngu, App.

see

nka-

ina ntangwa kina vo or kinana

VO, the real reason
is.

Nswangani,
6

nate arrangement.

nswangani,

adv., alternately, with

a persecutor, ., Ntantabadi, 2, one who persistently annoys,

troubles.

one of one kind and one of another, odd of numbers. Nswangu, 4, ., a mixture, a foreign element brought in, an addition of a very different character.

Ntatu,
ntatu,

.,

secy.
.,

cl.

i,

&

4, three.

4,

(a) three (of

persons

07-

living creatures only). a servant, slave. Ntaudi, 2,

.

Nswaswani,
Nswatakesa,
ness.

2,

.,

difference, lack of

o ntayi

(4),

adv.
v. t to

resemblance.
2,

wanda
rashness, heade

o ntayi,

pat or strike

n.,

long thoughtlessness, reckless-

playfully (as a pat on the shoulder after a hearty laugh).

Nswatata, Nswekelo, Nswidi, 4,

4, n.,

4,

.,

a long oval, oblong. a cupboard. a young bird.

wrinkle.

ntayi (2), adv. zinga e ntayi,

v., to

stand side by

n. (Bako.),

other, each having the arm or hand round

side holding each

Nswiku,

4,

.+a

the other's neck.

3M

NTE- NTI
Ntekela, a man's name, implying that now that he is born the family which had become diminished will soon increase.

898

Ntetebeswa,

2,

n.,

the

"

touch

"

or

trigger of a trap. Ntetedi, 4, n., a butcher.

To

Ntekolo,

i, TZ.

+ the

children of slaves

of the household are considered almost as children of the family,

any one ntetedi a ngulu would make him very vexed, for it is not a clean and honourable calling which smears one
call

and
-antela,
a.,

are called atekelo, grandlong,

(2)
tall.

with pig's blood.

children.

Ntetela (Bako.), see ntekela, App. Nteva, 2, n., a basket of fan-palm

n.,

ngongo
Ntela,
2,

antela,

Calabar
-anti,

leaves.

bean.

a deposit paid into court before a case is decided, a bet, a wager. a herald, preacher. 4, ., Nteleki, i
72.,

When the adj. is used a., wood. of many things or wood generally, so that the products of more than one tree are considered,

the
this
is

adj.

is

really

Nteleko, 2, n., a proclamation, that which is proclaimed or preached, a solemn declaration.

plural
is

seen

when

it

coupled
;

adj.

Ntema, 2, n., rage Ntembe, 1 & 2,

1

&
.,

fury.

iron
nti).

by yo to another lekwa yatadi ye nti, wooden things (not yo

4, n.,

a layer of thatch.

Ntembelela,

2,

72.,

a shaking, quaking, a small

field

Ntiaku-ntiaku,
directions.

dispersal in all
to

swaying.

Ntembelela,

2,

.,

of

sia o ntiaku-ntiaku,

v.,

drive

cassava.

or scatter in
bright shining light, a

all directions.
n.,

Ntemo,

4,

72.,

Ntiangalakani,

2,

confusion, the

good clear light (not the thing which causes the light, but the
light resultant).

state of being scattered in all directions.

NtiangU,

2,

n.,

insolence,

scornful

-antemo, a., bright, giving light. e ntendela, adv., retail by linear or superficial measurement. Ntendo (4) a ntima (4), n., perfect
,

remarks, blasphemy. Ntiangu-ntiangu, 2, n., a jilt.

Ntianguni,
mer.

i,

2,

&

4, n.,

one who

is

scornfully insolent, a blasphe-

frankness, sincerity, honesty truthfulness in a declaration or

&

conversation, a straightforward demonstration of innocence.

e ntentela, adv. hold.

Ntima, 4, n. ntima (4, u-) bwa,

one's

v.,

to

be com-

posed, calm, resigned, to have

without catching

mind

at rest.

fuwa

ntima,

to be disheartened,

nata e ntentela, v., to carry on the head without holding. mungwa vana ntu angani, ntentela (Proverb), a load of salt on another's head is easily
other people's burdens cause us no suffering.
carried,
i.e.

dispirited, lose all interest.

fwilwa...O ntima, to be disheartened, &c.,

in.

vonda

ntima, v,

to dishearten,
interest,

dispirit,

deprive of strength & courage.

4,

ntinu yo nswalu, adv., quickly.

.,

Ntete.

Ntintibidl,
rigid.

rigidity, stiffness.
stiff,

vana or kuna
place.

ntete, adv., at first. e ntete-ntete, adv., first, in the first

-antintibidi,

a.,

unbending,

Ntiobo,

2, n.

(Bako.), an infant whos<

899

NTI-NTU

Ntiobo, continued. mother has not yet come out of the house in which she was
confined.

Ntn, continued.

Oku

se ntu, from that or this time

forward, henceforth, henceforward, for the future, from now,

after this

Ntiongo,

2, n., absence of all energy or power to say or do.

or

that,

oku se ntu, with or without i bosi,

after a while, at

Ntiti, 4, n., notion, idea, whim. o ntiti kaka nkutu, ke bakala

length, soon,

presently.

wan

ko, ovo , they had not the least idea that

n.,

kuna ntu, tutv^

Prep.,

in position, before
of,

ahead
;

in

Ntoloki, 2, bones,

fracture,

broken

in time, afterwards, in the future.

preceding

front of, later on,

yela e ntoloki,
a fracture.

v.,

to suffer

from

kwiza kuna ntu,

...(///

a.,

to

come

to

nganga

(3)

a ntoloki,

n.,

a bone-

setter.

muntu wizidi kuna ntu ame (in my dream), a man came to me.
a dream}
;

Ntomo(2)ambongo(w^.2),.
Ntomoni, 2, Ntona, pi.
.,

first-

ntu

(4)

or with the locatives

vana

fruits.

(&c.) ntu, adv., in

in front, before

the front,
(&c.).

2,

;/.,

instinct,

inherent
genius,

them

knowledge,

inborn

knowledge not imparted, com-

oku nsuka a ntu, at last, at length. kuna ntu kukwiziwa, in the end,
at last (in the future).

mon
Ntondo,
4,

sense,

sense, understand-

ing, conscience.
.,

ntu ukula,
(Proverb),

malu mekwenda
utter

thanks, esteem, com-

thoughtless-

mendation, praise. Ntondo, 2, ?/., the origin, source, commencement, that which brought
it

ness

///.

head

drives, the legs

go;
is

ukula,
ness
;

diambu diadi dia ntu o malu mekwenda, this

all

about.
2,
.,

Ntongeka,
-antongo,

a parallel of longi-

a case of gross thoughtlesskuna ntu ukula, o

tude, longitude.
a.,

malu mekwenda,

big, great (of pigs only].

2,

i kavovele, he spoke without the least re-

Ntongolozi,

n.,

a curious, prying,

flection as to the consequences.

inquisitive individual to know everything.

who wants

Ntudi,

2,

n. (Bako.),

teeth

in

either

a second row of the upper or

Ntongonona, 2, ., the child who has been brought up entirely by its

parent or foster-parent is his ntongonona a foster - child also a rearing thus.
;

lower jaw.

Ntuka,

4, n., an inequality, the lack of a part which therefore renders useless an odd or extra

number, surplus
provision
is

(for

which no

Ntonto, 2, ., a test, proof, trial. Ntota, 2, ., sum, total. Ntotela+.rei remark under untotela,

made).

-antuka,

a.,

unequal, odd, surplus,

v.,

excess.

Ntoto
Ntozi,

App. (4) andia,

ive soil.
2,

dia o ntuka,
.,

to take the

odd one.

good or product-

mona

o ntuka, to be at one's wit's

n.,

the leader of the refrain

in

antiphonal singing, the ben.,

end to know how to do or arrange something, to be unable to make two engagements or

purposes fit in together, to want badly, be in great need of, be
in great
difficulty

ginner.

Ntu,

4,

head

also chief, leading

man.

for

want of

NTU-NYA
Ntuka,
continued.
is

900

Nua,
is

9,

.,

drink,
thirst

something

to

something of which a part

lacking and

drink.

therefore useless.

Nui-nui,

6,

.,

which seems

Ntuku-tuku,
fires

(generally sing.}, green sprouting grass after the

2,

n.

insatiable.

Nukuta,

T/./.,

to smell.
;

or mowing.

Nukwa,

Ntula, 4=ntuka, 4 (App.). Ntuluzi, i & 4, one who drags about, one who treats outrageously
see

be vexed at or with badi dio o nukwa, they would have been vexed at it.
v., to

bunda-tuluza, App. see ntalala, App. Ntuluzu, 4, Ntumba (4) a efuku (8), ., a dust
.,

Nunga, v. (Bako.)=lunga, p. 330. Nunguka, ru'. + to hang down. e vumu (6, kia-) nunguka, ^.,
be great with child.

to

or rubbish heap.

Nunguna
.,

Ntumpa ntumpa,
Ntumwa,
ger,
2,

4,

anarchy, dis-

order, lawlessness.
n., one sent, a messenambassador, apostle, mis-

o mvungu (4), v.t. to give one's support to a matter, lit. to push on the water-bottle ;
t

sionary. sia e ntumwa,

ger.

Ntotela vo, Twe lubasa yandi kibeni onungwini o mvungu, Ntotela said, Agreed, he
!

v.,

send a messen-

Nungunuka,
., .,

a jigger. Ntunga, 2, a wanderer, one Ntungianu, 4, who has gone astray, lost the road also an ignorant man, a
;

himself supported the matter. v.t.+to go on or further, be in a progressive state,

be or become more and more,

increase
in.

Nwata,

v.t. t

to

make

little

cuts

in,

fool.

vaccinate,
.

Ntungu,

2,

(-.
#.,

<w/j>),

building
evi-

nwata,
geld.

v.t.

(Bako.),

to

castrate,

material.

Ntunguluzi,

2,

substantial

-anwe,

^.,

hearing, attentive.
v.t.,
v.t'.,

dence, something produced (or able to be) which affords over-

Nwengena,

to compel, force. to

Nwengwa,
to

be obliged, forced,
decomposing,
corruptible,

whelming evidence
the
truth

of

or brings matter very

have
.,

to.

-anwodi,

rotting,

vividly before one. Ntunta, 2, ., range of a weapon,

becoming
perishing.
(in

corrupt,

-antunta,

a.,

of

long

range

Nwole,

guns). ntu.SU (4), adv., without stopping,

4, n., a couple, two (of persons or living creatures only). Nwondoko (4) a tulu (pi. 10), ., a

Ntuti,

without a moment's delay. a throng, crowd, a very 4, .,

great number.
2,

falling asleep.

Nwuku,

4,

.,

the healing.
4,
.,

Ntwala,

.,

range of a weapon.
.,

Nwutuki, i & Nya, interj., a

offspring.

habit of continual dis-

kuna ntwala, /&/., ahead. an unscrupulous rasNtwanga, 2, cal, one who would stick at
nothing,

agreement to what is suggested by another, crookednes of disposition yau ewole nya

;

scoundrel,

villain,

nkutu,

one who can never be

trusted.

Ntwedi, i & Ntwenia, 4,

-antwenia,
corn).

4,
.,

.,

a breeder of stock.

a very soft green corn,

both disagree they about they (lit. everything both have the habit of "nya" or disagreeing with each other's
proposals).
i

a.,

very soft

&

green (of

Nyakami,

&

4,

.,

busybody.

NYA-NZE
Nyaku,
in
4,
.,

the aid rendered to an

the choral

Nzala, continued.

enterprise,

answer

nga

fia

kwenda,

there

was

antiphonal song.
i

Nyakuludi,

&

4,

.=ngyaku, App.

nyambi

(4),

adv., not in charge of

eagerness to go and at the same time fear. Nzala, 2, n., a being full.

any one, having no one left or appointed to the care of it. Nyanzi, i, n., a Muyansi hence, a
;

Nzalala,

4,

.,

hurry, precipitancy.

nzalala, adv., very quickly, in a very great hurry.

person from the Upper River, because all Upper River people are so called by the Kongos, who
only

Nzambi,
e

&
,

2,

;/.

Nzambi kadi
that

would
that
to

to

God

please

God

know
tribe.
.,

this nearest

Upper

-a

Nzambi, belonging

God, not
;

River

of any use to us mortals

titi

the beginning, comNyatiku, 4, mencement.

Nyazi,

&

4,

.,

a ruler, governor.
.,

Nyenge-yenge, 4, doing what

do,

the

habit

of

ya Nzambi, mere jungle ma kia Nzambi, a useless thing. + the toll for passing Nzambu, 2, over a bridge, passage money
;
.

so

that

one one

sees

others
like

may be

for a ferry or canoe trip, for a performance.

pay

them, and not singular or behind the times also the idea that one can do anything that he sees another do, presump;

Nzanda, 4, n., a small demijohn. Nzangalavwa, pi. 2, n., the twigs small wood in a tree or bush.
Nzangi,
2, n.,

&

a class of men, a class

also wilfulness, the determination to do what one

tion
;

of society.

likes.

nzangi a tandu (6), a generation, those of an epoch or era.

-anyevi,

a.,

stout.
4,
.,

Nzangu,
a grumbling, mut-

2,

.+a

louder outburst of

Nyidimu,
Nyindu,
4,

song, forte (in music).

tering.
n.,

Nzanza,
the power of thought,
to

2, n.,

-anzanza,

a.,

an even number. even (of numbers).

ability

think,

reasoning
intelligence,

Nzau,

2,

n.,

a cluster of small white

a

power, intellect, the mind.

mushrooms. Nzayi (i) a mambu

(pi.

7),

.,

Nyini,

4,

(Bako.), the handle of a

learned or well-informed man.

knife.

-anyututll, to the

.,

(a

garment) reaching

feet.

Nzaza, 2, n., a sprinkling. Nzekani, 2, n., striving in dispute, wordy war, disputation, love of
dispute, strife.

-anyuyi, a., fiercely burning. Nza, 2, n. dia e nza, to have all that heart could wish, to have all one's
desires fulfilled.

Nzengele,
fort,

2,

n.,

the

sense of com-

content, satisfaction after

a good meal. Nzengelevwa, 4,

foolish
;

.,

a foolish fellow, a
lazy,

Nzadilwa,

4,

.+a railway
a ntoto
(4),

sleeper.
.,

one who has done something

also
loafing,

Nzakama

(2)

an earth-

quake.

slovenly fellow, a loafer.

Nzala, 2, n., hunger, zika ye nzala or vilwa e nzala, v., to be hungry, starve. nzala (2) a fiwonga, ., eagerness

Nzengenga,
of

2, n.,

utter regardlessness

the

value,

importance
;

or
prosee

sacredness
fanity,

(of things), utter disrespect

&

yet fear

oku

nzala a fiwo-

zengeneka, App.

NzE-Nzu
Nzengo,

902

2, n., a sentence, judgment, decision in a law court or in

Nzimbakani,
eluded

continued.
all

others,

and

from
the

opinion, a price agreed upon, contract price. sia or zenga e nzengo, v., to give
one's

own mind,

which whole

all

have

sprung,

race.

nzimbakani a uwuntu,

the whole

sentence.

+ Gentile. Nzenza, 2, Nzenzo, 4, ?z., sweetness

.

human race. Nzimbu, 2, n. -f- currency.

(as of sugar). see zetona,

-anzenzo, sweet. Nzeta, 2, n. (P. azeite

App.),

an Nzinga, 4, Nzinguluka, 2,
.,

angle, corner. the surroundings, .,

environment.

palm

oil.

muna nzinguluka
round about.
Nzitikila,
2,
.,

&,prep., around,

Nzia-zia,

4, n.,

a path, track, road.

very nearly
fianzie

-anzie, adj. fianzie nga,

plate

a betrothed (used
girl).
gift,

only of the
Nzitikila,
2,
/z.,

nga elonga diwudikidi,

Nzieta,
)

the

an engagement

was very nearly broken.

.,

either of betrothal or the hire

4,

the dizziness of drunk-

of labourers.

Nziezie, i enness, &c., vertigo, a whirl also some great business in hand or engagement
;

Nziu,

2,

.,

excessive blackness, in-

tensity of colour, in black, blue

(dark), very

deep purple.
a tower.
talkativeness, gar-

which prevents attention

other matters

to

any

Nzo

(2)

ezulu,
4,
;

.,

; business, affairs, occupation, engagement, pressure of business, bewilderment.

Nzoko-zoko,

.,

or attention, willingrulosity ness to hear, receptivity.

kala yo nziezie or nzieta, v., to be busy, have other affairs, be

occupied, busy, bewildered, in a whirl ; nziezie

-anzoko-zoko,

a.,

matu
(9)

engaged,

manzoko-zoko wa kwanzoko-zoko, ready ears

(pi.
8)
;

wingi ngina wau,

busy.

am

very

listening, ears.

attentive,

receptive

mpova
one who
is full

(2)

anzoko-zoko, or vova
talk,

Nzikudi,

2, n.,

grown
Nzola, Nzole,

kwanzoko-zoko, endless
talkativeness.
2, n.

or has completed his studies, apprenticeship, &c. see zikula, App.

;

+ wish,

desire.

4,

.,

a couple, two (of persons

the beloved.

Nzila,
Nzila,

4, n. 2,

a.

stripe, lash, weal.

or living creatures only).

n.,

way

;-f-

an opportufor,

nity,

chance.
?A,

Nzolwa, Nzombo,
e

i,

.,

2,

n.,

a siluroid

fish,

mud
meafern.

sila e nzila,

make a way

give

fish (?)

an opportunity, give a chance,

give scope.

nzongela

(2),

adv., retail (dry

sure goods).

nzila a tadi

(12), n.,

a railroad.

Nzonzanga,
has has

2,

.,

a lycopodium

Nzimba,

2,

n.,

woman who

Nzonzi,

2, n.

(Bako.), a mediator in a

ceased bearing or who never borne a child, although used also of a long married man or animal in like condition, a castrated animal, a
;

quarrel,
.,

an advocate.

weight, heaviness. Nzu, 2, kala e nzu yo tulu, z/., to be heavy

Nzuka,
Nzula,

with sleep. 2, //., the payment at interest.

4, n.

eunuch.

Nzimbakani,

2,

common

the parent stock, stock, that which in#.,

bwa

e nzula, v. to kneel 3 times in

t

approaching the king.

(903
Fzumbimbi,
4,
.,

N/U-PAL

the feeling of ner-

house or under strange circumstances see zumbalala, App. fzungu, 4, w. + a being out of the
;

vousness, timidity ness in a strange

awkward-

Padisa, v.t., to cause to kick or knock anything along. Padisa, v.t., to cause another to make a counter move or act in opposition see palana, App. Pakala, 6, n., something which flaps on the ground as a skirt or boots when one walks.
;

straight.

nzungu, -anzungu,
Tzuwa, 4, need

adv.,
a.,

>

curved,

bent,

as-

>

kew, out of the

consciousness of
is

Pakalala,

v.i.,

to be turned attentively

straight.
;/.,

(of the ears).

the

-apakalala,
ears).

p., great

protruding (of

of

something which
v.,

lacking or missing,

Pakama,

v.i.,

to

be

hemmed

up,

mona

want badly, miss very much, be in great need of, to be in great difficulties for want of.

nzuwa,

to

driven into a corner, cornered. Pakidika o matu (9), n., to turn the
ears (as a horse), so as to hear well, to turn an attentive ear.

Nzwenge,

2,

.,

wire.

Pakika,

v.t.,

to

hem

or drive into a
to

corner, to corner. Pakumuna o matu (pi.

9),

v.,

shake the head violently, so as

o.
Oku,
see

to flap

rattle the ears

on the

under
.

k.

Olodi,

2,

(P.

ordem), authority,

dogs often do when anything gets into them, hence to refuse to pay attention
head, as goats
to what from the
is

&

power

to

command
to

kwina
have or rePala,

heard,

i.e.

eject

it

olodi yo zitu ko,

you

ears.

no power
spect.

command

v.t.,

to

knock or kick anything

along.

Onis,

2, n.,

onyx.

Ovo, see under v. Owu, see under w. Ozevo se, adv., used with the present tense before the statement of

pala e kinsi (5), to kick. pala (with an object, food,

vomit.

&>c.), to

Pala,

v.i.,

to grow, get, be,

become

thin, lean,

emaciated, to waste

something which was just being ozevo se bedone, then, just dianga, they were just eating at the time ozevo se fuku, it was then night ozevo se twendi kweto, let us go then.
;
; ;

Palana,

(as in sickness). v.i. recip., to meet every ad-

vance, action, &c., of another party with a like or counter

to be always contrary & ready to oppose each other, to be always at " loggerheads." palana yo, to adopt the above attitude with ('any one).

move,

P.
Pa,
6, n.,

pattern, device, design.

6,
;/.

Padi-padi,

(generally pi'.), two or

Palanisa, v.t., to set people in the above attitude, to make a move oneself & so set some one else on the look out to do the like

more
it.

sticks

fastened on each

nengandi opalanisanga aka

o
is

side of a porter's load to stiffen

ngwa

so andi ankazi, so always upsetting his uncle.

PAL-SA
Palata,
2,

904

n. (P.

prata)+a

piece of

money. Pamba, 6, n., a short loin cloth having a fringe on its lower edge.

silver

Pita-pita, pi. 6, ing about.

.,

a commotion, rush!

Pode

interj. (P.
a.

pobre), poor thing

-apoto,

(Solongo), great, large, big.

6, n.,

Pamuka,

v.i.,

to

fly.

Pukidi-matu,

one who

is

deaf

Pangalakesa, v.t., to spoil, destroy or undo what has already been built, done, arranged, accomplished
;

to all arguments, &c. Pukuka, v.i., to become pale, fade, see pemoka. lose colour
;

to nullify.

Pllkuta,

v.i.,

to sigh, whistle (as the

Pata,

v.t.,

to

be delighted (because of
acquisition).
to extinguish, put out.

wind among the branches of

the trees), rustle (as the leaves). Pukutiswa, v.i., to rustle in the wind.

some great
Patika,
6
v.t.,

Pe, adv., no.

Pumuna, t/.^=pemona, App.

adv., thoroughly, clearly,

peka

(6),

Pupu,

6, n.

distinctly, with full

knowledge.
tell

matu

(pi. 9)

mandi pupu ya wa,

(lit.

samuna

e peka,

v., to relate fully,

his ears are of

thoroughly
about.

explain,

all

not hear

no use, he will his ears are flaps

tala 6 peka,
tinctly.

v.,

to see clearly, dis-

of skin only, & as such of no service for hearing).

Pupulu,
to rush

Pekomoka,

v.i.,

bluster (as

the wind), to blow, to rush by

rapidly, whirl along. Pela, v.t., to seduce away the wife of another man to make him pay

6, n., one who is deaf to all arguments, &c. Puta, v.t., to eat, take too or very

much.
Pututa,
v.t.,

take much, abundantly,

in

live

a debt or as a set-off against the debt this by consent also

;

lavishly,

to luxury, expend to eat or live most

luxuriously.

of

the woman's

friends

see

Pwa-meso,

App. Pela (Bako.), ?/./.= bimba, App. Pelezo, 2, n. (P. preso or prisao),
prison.

also -ampela,

&

6, n., that which is plain evident before one, an example, instance, case in point,

sample, pattern, typical speci-

men.
to

Fembka,
or

v.i.,

far

away

go up, be wafted up (into the sky or

pwa-meso,
with

adv., clearly, distinctly,

evi-

distance)

Pemona,
Perle,

v.t.,

so disappear. to waft up or far away.

&

(the thing) clearly denced, face to face.

2, n.,

pearl.

Pialuzioka, v.i., to be popping about everywhere, excited with pleasure.

S.
Sa, aux. v., implies that the action will be done some time or other,

Plan tula,
Pita,

v.l.,

to

devour,

eat

up

greedily.
v.t., tie

securely,

make

fast (by

tying).

sooner or later, to
presently
shall
;

...

soon or

Pitakesa, v.t., to put things to a wrong, unnatural use (use a chisel as a screwdriver), misuse,
abuse.

go

all

tusa kwenda, we in due course.

Sa

(perf. sidi), aux. v.,

pres., perf.

found

in the

&> past
which
it

tenses, it is

Pitakiana, Pitana,

v.i.

-f-

to

be

in great

com-

only used in a negative statement,

to

motion, movement.

adds some

905

SA-SAM
e kiese (6) (0r omakasi (8), &c.), to be full of joy (or

Sa, continued.

Sakiswa
defiv.,

measure of an emphasis or
iiitt'ness,

to

The

n,'Dative

take care not to. particles are al-

anger, &c.).

Saku,

ways

used, for sa does not convey in itself any negative idea (as is the case with lembwa) ke
;

6, n. after the ground-nut harvest the nuts are dried in the

sun in a saku, i.e. an enclosure in the town which is generally

lined with grass, to hide & preserve it from fowls & animals.

Ibasa

wo samunwina muntu
to

ko, they took care not to mention

it

any one.

There

is

no
but
ex-

idea of taking care in

it,

a stumbling-block, Sakuba, 6, something which causes to

.,

tfiat phrase conveniently presses the emphasis.

stumble.

Sa,

v.t.

(Bako.) = sia,

Sakula,

and is much used

;

T/./.-t-to speak (of a great chief only), hence, to prophesy, i.e. to

in the

same way as ta
)

eg. sa

ngozi, to snore. adv. + not a bit of it, Sabi-sabi, I would not hear of Sabi-sabi tu, such a thing.
}

speak as God.

the
to

mouthpiece

of

Sakumuka,
see

v.i.,

be refreshed, &c.
to

sakumuna, below. moyo (4, u-) sakumuka,

freshed in mind.

be be

re-

Sadidila, v.i., to be mistake.

left

behind by

nitu

(2, i-)

sakumuka,

to

re-

Sadika,

make, do, work. nki osadikanga e? what are you

v.t.,

to

freshed in body.

Sakumuna,

v.t.,

to revive, restore to

making
Sadila,
v.i.,

to

be

left

Sadisa,

v.t.,

to leave

empty. or make empty.

polluted,

Safuka,

Safire, 2, n., sapphire. v.i., to be defiled,

foul,

(wonted) vigour, to place under the most favourable, prosperous, circumstances, to flourishing bless (as God blesses, not to

invoke a blessing).

unclean.
pollute,
foul,

Safula, v.t., to defile, render unclean.

Saka,
Saka,

v.t.,

to

make a

cut at (with a

Salama, v.i., to be made, done. Salamesa, v.t., to make, do. Salamesa, 6, n., something, the name of which you do not wish to
mention.

large knife).
v.i.,
still

to increase,

be or become
;

Salamiana,
Salangani,
I

v.i.,

to

work

quickly

greater, too great

still

o woall

briskly.
6,
.,

nga usakidi, he was

more or
life.

the

all

one's property,
effects, things.

more

afraid.

Salanganu,
.

goods,

Sakala-sakala,
Sakesa,
6,

pi. 6, n., go, energy,

(P. sarge)+red braid or Salazi, 2, ribbon.

.,

that
with.

may be

a plaything, something played or trifled

v., to

Saluka

(mid. v. of sala, v.t.\ to be

p. 459to be always

done, wrought.

Salumuka, z/.z.=walumuka,

kitula e sakesa,
thing
of,

make a play;

Sama (per/,

samini),

v.i.,

to trifle with e

baki-

...ing,

keep on
;

...ing,

be con-

twidi
trifled

sakesa, they with the king (taking his

Ntotela

stantly ...ing, with the negative,

name
Sakidila,

in vain,

& using

it

lightly).

v.t.

+ to welcome

gladly.

more kisama monanga kwame aka mpasi za kondanga aka ko, I do not
not any

Sakisa,

v., to

put, give, take,

do too

want

to

endure the hardships

much.

of hunting any more.

SAM-SEL
Samba,

906

v.t., to count sheets of mbadi or paper by holding fast one corner & turn up at one of the

Sanzana, continued.
widen, to be scattered
far

&

other corners.
n., something by mount. Sambuka, v.i., to be happy, blessed, fortunate, to be the recipient of

Sambidilwa,
which

6,

to

spread out in great numbers, be published abroad. Sanzanisa, v.t., to spread abroad, publish widely, declare abroad. Sapalala, v.i., to be shaggy, hang

wide or

nsambu. Sambukila, -z/.z'.+to be transmitted

from one to another, to have
transmitted to one.

ragged (of the hair). Sard, 2, ., sard. sardonyx. Sardonis, 2, Sasa, 6, n., a coil (of ntaku wire).
.,

Sambula,

to use a thing for the first time.

v.t.,

Sasuna, v.t., to explain, show the meaning of, make plain, define.
Sata,
v.i.,

Sambula,
or
the

to bless, to utter, invoke pronounce a blessing, to

v.t.,

search, overhaul, look for, seek.

v.i.,

Satakana,

to

be

able

to

be

salute

with a blessing, hence,

searched.

we
Samo,

salutation, bless you.

tusambwidi,
.,

2 (Fr.

chameau),

a camel.

Samuna, v.t., to uncork. Samuna, e kisamuna o zaya vo or or o VOVa or VO, as

ke -satakani, unsearchable. Satulula, v.t., to search, rummage, overhaul, examine. Sazi, 6, n. (Bako.), a cluster of small
white mushrooms.

o sia vo
follows,

Se
Se

(father), see ese, p. 271

Se, 6, n.
is

+the

cuts

facets

App. on cut glass.

it still

Samwina,
Sanda,

thus, that. v.t., to tell to, say, declare or report to, to bid, direct.
v.

sometimes not translated;

implies, however, the idea of a change in the state of things ;

look

(Zombo), to seek, search, for, want, wish for, need

;

nga nsanda, nga nsanda kiau

kimoni, search as
cannot find
it.

might

se ke yavutukidi diaka kwa yandi ko, it did not return to him again. Seboka, v.i., to become pale, fade, lose
colour.

Sandulula,

examine, examination.
v.t.,

make an

Seboka,
Sebola,

v.i., v.t.,

to

be dug up root

&

all.

to dig

up root
gleam

&

all to-

Sangi, 12, n., unity (all intermixed). sangi, adv., all together, unitedly,
together.

gether.

Sekima,
Sekonde,

v.i.,

to flash,

(as light-

ning).
2, n.,

-asangi,

a.,

joint.

second (meas. of time

Sangila,?'./'., to treat insolently,

fully,

shameSela,
Selo,

or an
v.t.,

arc).
lift

without the least respect

to

or

be always talking Sanisa, about (favourably), praise, com-

feeling. to v.t.,

ground
Seloka,
v.i.,

(one's opponent off the in wrestling).

6, n. -(-deacon.

to

come

into view, be re-

mend.

Saniswa,

v.i.,

to

be praised by

all,

in

vealed, appear, seloka dila (9), to begin crying.

every one's mouth (favourably). Sansa, v.t.+ educate. Sanuka, v., to be very hot (of the sun,
&c.).

Seiomoka, v.i., to be invented, selomona below.

c.

see

Selomokena,

v.t., to persist in, stick to (a statement or idea), to be-

Sanzana,

v.t.

+ to

spread out, expand,

come attached

to.

907

SEL-SIA
6, n.,

Selomona,

v.t.,

to

invent,

discover,

Seswa,
kala

a bare place, bareness,

v., to

find, find out, originate,

suggest

paleness.
e

Sema,

(a matter). v.t., to reduce to

seswa,
.,

be bare, pale.

some form or

Sezi, pi. 6,

dazzling brightness.

shape, to create, to form, mould, carve into shape, sculpture,

sema
sema

o lufulu (10), o

v.,

mark

out the

dazzling. -asezi, a., bright e sezi, adv., dazzlingly bright. Sobola, v.t., to adapt, alter so as to

&

lines of a foundation,

adapt.

luwumba
clay.

(10), v., to

work

Sokoka,

v.i.,

to

come

out (of some-

up

Semba, 7A=tumba (to blame, &c.). Semenena, v.i., to shine very brightly,
Semona,
intensely. v.t., to discover, invent, originate.
v.t.,

thing in which it was encased or embedded), be stript of.

Sokola, 7/7. -Ho take out of or strip off (something in which it is encased or embedded).
Sia, v.t. sia e

Sendomona,
ally.

to

speak sarcastic-

diambu

(7),

v.,

to

speak

Seneta,

v.i.,

to struggle, strive, exerto spy, scout.

against. sia e ziku (6), v., to

make

sure.

cise all one's force.

sia o
sia

moko
moyo

pi. 9), v., to lay

of.

hands

Senga, v.t., Sengele, 6,

on, catch hold

n., an ivory horn giving " the note of upper do " in the chord to which they are set.
6, n., in

(3), v., to

be much enin,

grossed, interested
with.

taken up bear in
to raise

Sengele,

the Doutrina Christa

sia

oku ntima
mind.

(4),

v.,

to

(1624) sengele

= vicar.
to look

6, n. (Bako.), an axe. Sengola o meso (pi. 7), v.t., up, lift up one's eyes.

Sengele,

sia o

wazi

wa nsi

a vuvu,

Sengomona, t/.A+to reveal. Sensemeka, v.t., to praise,

extol,

speak highly of. Sensemesa, v.t., causative of above. Senti- (Fr. centi-) a hundredth part of
the standards of
(e.g.

hopes [///. to give one the (skin) complaint of hoping, i.e. to make one sick (fool) enough to hope] unsidi o wazi wa nsi a vuvu kia futwa kwa yandi, he raised in me false
false
;

hopes of being paid by him.

i

measurement

sia vo or
that
is,

senti-meta = centimetre = Ti<5 of a metre).

2,

sia o zaya vo, conj.,

is

that

to say (that) also

Sentime,

n.,

a centime, T

of a

franc.

equivalent to the following : dia sia vo or'\ dia sia o zaya VO, because of, were it not that
;

Senzama,

v.i.,

to

be

in full view, fully

(I)

must... (otherwise)
;

as

exposed, explained, expounded,

manifest.

though (he) would say

dia

Senze,

6,

.+ basket
v.t.,

of

very open

vo sia kala ke
that
I

kwenda

nkwenda
,

wau ko

work
Senzeka,
it

for things which need air. to place an object where

am going

were it not or I must go,

otherwise

will

be in

full

view, to expose
clear, manifest.

ke sia ko

to view, to thoroughly explain,

expound,
Seola,
v.t.,

make

VO, not to say that. sia VO, to the effect that, stating that, as herein set forth, as fol-

to cut off

flesh

or out a piece of or skin, as in circumcision

lows, that. o sia ele vo, even

ele

or some operation.

o sia if, though vo okumponda kikwenda

;

SlA-SlN
Sia, continued.

908

Silinda,
if
I

2,

.,

cylinder.

ko, even otherwise kill me

kwame

you would
not go.
hard, en-

Silu, pi.

will

weight that renders a thing firm & immovable, mas6,

n.,

Siamanana,

v.i.,

to strive

siveness.

deavour earnestly, to be strong,

firm, secure.

Simakana,

v.t.,

to

be able to be

for-

Siamikina, ) v.f., to make thoroughly firm, fast, secure. Siamitina, ) Siamina, v.t., bear, endure, sustain. Siba-venda, interj., may the curse be averted God forbid oh dear, no not a bit of it no indeed.
; ; ;

bidden, be persuadable not to kesimakana(do something) nga ko, there is no prohibiting

;

him.

Sibil, 6, n., the curse

invoked, not an invocation, but what the invocation should cause, i.e. the cursed
condition.
to set firmly, fix, establish,

Simba, v. ke mu simba edi dia vova ko, not to prevent you from making a or the remark, a polite form
used in interrupting a speaker or
in begging for the further indulgence of the audience or reader ;
thus,
I

Sidika,

v.t.,

beg you
to
I

to excuse

my
me

very secure, found. Siena, v. (Zombo), to get out of the

make
way.

venturing but or
;

you, beg you to allow

interrupt
further.

me

to

remark
v.t.,

Let

Sika kindokela (5) (Bako.) or e kinsansa (5), v., to snap the finger & thumb.
Sikada,
Sikalala,
2,

give you another case.

Simbinina,

well in

to keep or maintain good condition.

n.

(P.

escada), a ladder,

steps, staircase.
7>.z'.

Simpama, v.i. ntima (4, u-) simpama,

vacillate, to
feel

to hesitate,
to

+ be set,

sition),

placed (in a postand, be stood.

an inclination
but
still

to

do something

Sikana

(yo), v. t to appoint (with), to

hesitate.

fix, name. kia Konzo tusikanini yandi, we fixed Konzo with him as the

Simpika, v.t., to cause the above. Sinda muna ntima (4), v., to enter

deeply

into

the

heart,

day.

Sikidika,
(in

v.t.

to set,

stand, place

be thoroughly comprehended, taken in.

Sindakesa, ^.^.=twalakesa, App. Sindama, v.i., to be heavy, difficult,
reluctant to move, drag heavily,

a position).

Sikila,

v., to

behave, conduct oneself.

Sikinisa (yo) (Bako.), ^./.=sikana,

App.
Sikula,
v.i.,

require a great deal of pulling.

to hiccup.

Sikwa,

something (instrument, &c.) which is played (sikwa), musical instrument, &c.

6, n.,

Sindanisa, z/./.^twalakesa, App. c. Sindika, v.t., to render heavy, see sindama, App. Sindikila, v.t., to worry, urge unpleasantly.

Sila, 6, n., ebony. Sila e nzila (2), v., to stand aside or

Sinduka,
to

make way or
allow some

clear the road (to one to pass); to allow

v.i., reversive of sindama, have the weight & difficulty removed so as to be easily

to pass, give a

way

to,

give an

drawn or moved, become

heavy.

less

opportunity.

Silama,

v.t.,

to

be

fixed, firm,

founded,

Sindula,

v.t.,

reversive of sindika,

set firmly, established,

be

made

to render light, ready,

no

lon-

very secure.

ger reluctant to move.

(W)
Singa,
v.t., to die slowly & without apparent cause (as of those who die of old age or blighted

SIN-SON

Sombola, continued, SOmbola appears

plants).

" in the Doutrina Christa" (i624)=resgatar, to ransom, redeem.

Singa, aux.

v.

-f-

this auxiliary is best

sombola o
child

mwana
after

(i),

to obtain a

represented

by

the

phrase,

requesting

God or
at

"Will

all in

Singalakana, v.i., Singamena kumosi, v., to be parallel. Singanana, v.i., to be straight.

Singinika,
Sinita,
v.i.,

due course." to be opposite.

one of the Romish images

San Salvador, to give one. sombola e nzila, 2, to obtain

per-

v.t.,

to

straighten,

make

mission to use a road, obtain a right of way.

straight.

Someka,

v.t.,

to

stick

(something)

to

Sinka,

v.i.,

be tough, leathery. to sink, utterly be swalto

spike, &c., by thrusting the stick into the substick,

upon a
stance

lowed up.
Siololoka,
Sipanzi,
Sisa, Sisa,
6,
v.i.,

of

the

bulkier

object,
to

v.t.,

be very

full

of

fat.

stick in.

2, n.

to

n.,

(Eng.), sponge. be frightened. warning, example, scare-

Somoka
an

(perf.

somokene),
to

v.i.,

be
;

transformed,
insect

transmigrate

changing from the

;

crow.
Sisisa,
v.t,,

to threaten, to frighten.

Siwa,

6, n.,

that

which

is set,

arranged,

larval to the perfect state is said to somoka a man as he dies is said to somoka.

appointed, ordained, an ordinance.

Soba-soba,

6,

moon
ance).

n., a change (of the or any change of appear-

Somona, -z/.^. + to transform (see above], Sompa, v.t. + to hire (things). Sompeka, z/./. + to rent, let out. Sompoka, v.i., to be or get married
(used only of women).

Soloka ye (c.), v.i.+ to be discovered o nengandi having or with wasoloka ye mbele ame, soand-so was discovered having
;

Sonamena,
fated.

v.t.,

to

be appointed

to,

be

Sonekena,
&c.).

z/./.

+ to

appoint to (a duty,

(or with) my knife. Solola, 7/./.-fto find, judge, give judg-

Songa,

v.

+ to be

right, proper, expedi-

ment, decide (a case), come to a conclusion (in reference to a

matter).

ent, befitting. Songesela, v.t., to show

how, set an

example.

Songokwa,
to
start,

v.,

to be in travail with.
point,

Solomona,

v.t.,

originate,

Songola,
up.

T/./.

+ to bring to a

sum

suggest (a matter), invent, discover, find, find out.

Sombe,

6, n.,

loneliness.

-asombe,
late,

a.,

lonely, solitary, deso-

lone,

remote
ref.

from

any

other

(used in

to places

only} ; vasombe i twina, we are in a desolate place. Sombola, v.t. (P. ?), to borrow from a
to

Songola, v.t., take pains (in work). Songololo, 6, ., care, worry, anxiety. + scripture. Sono, 6, Sonsa, v.t., to straighten the sides of a pit or hole. Sonsozioka, v.i., to be constantly
.

leaving one's work,

tracted.

much

dis-

stock which has been dedicated a fetish or from the joint capital of a partnership, to be
surely repaid.

Sonsoka, v.i., to be pointed. Sonsoka, v.t., to leave one's work. Sonsoka, v.i., to be picked out, oj grass awns.

SON-SUN

910

Sonsola, v.i., to move, stir, make any or the least movement. Sonsola, v.t., to cause distraction, cause one to leave one's work.

Sumba,

v.t.

(Bako.)-l-to hire (carriers

only).

Sumbate
Sumbu, 6, Sumbuka,

= sumba +
.

ate = P.

ate,

until), *M?Z/.+ until.

Sonsona,
Sonsona,
Sote,

v.t.,

to cut a point to any-

(Bako.), danger, peril.

(Bako.), to be in danstile.

thing.
to pick the awns of grass out of one's clothes.
v.t.,

v.i.

ger, peril.

a large frog. Stere, 2, n., a stere or cubic metre. Su, 6, n., a piece of cloth of more than the ordinary length, a double
6, n.,

Sumbuka, Sumbuka,
Sumika, Sumina,

6,

n.+a.
to

pass over (an obstacle) or across (a space).

v.,
v.t.
v.t.,

= someka,

App.

to call out for, call to (a

a piece of 12 fathoms any other length the measure is mentioned; su kia

piece,
i.e.
;

duty, &c.).

if

of

Sumpa, v.t., to run, baste, in Sumuka, v.t., to sin against.

sewing.

mavwata
fathoms.

30, a

piece

of 30

Sumukwa,

Sud,

Sudi,

= saba). hut, shelter, shed ( Sudika, v.t., to cause a strong determination to do something bad ; see sula, &c., App. Suka, v., to end. ke -suki, a. (unnatural negative],
6,
.,

2, n.

(Fr. sud), south.

v., to be strongly disliked on account of a wrong or sin one has committed, to have (some one) angry with us, be in bad odour with, to have made

ourselves offensive by our evil

actions.

Sumuna,

v.t.,

to pull out
in).

(something

endless,

eternal,

moyo ke usuki,
eternal
life.

everlasting ; endless or

which has stuck Sunanana, v.i., to be

fied.

satiated, satis-

Sunda,
v., to stab.
(3),

z/./.

+ to

overreach, get an adto

Suka e mbele (2), Sukwa...o moyo

vantage over.

v.,

to

grow

Sundakesa,

v.t.,

mention (some"

weary, tired of something, to be bored. Sula, v.t., to do, but it is always to be understood that the action is
evil, &->

let thing) unintentionally, to the cat out of the bag," to dis-

Sundidila,

close (something) inadvertently. exto v.t., surpass

will involve trouble.

ceedingly,

overreach,

get

an

Sulama, v., to be most determined (to do something which is bad). Sulamwa, v.i., to have evil determined against one.

advantage over. Sunga, T/./.+to wash

dead.

&

lay out the

Suma,

v.t.,

to

talk about,

speak
;

of,

tell off (to

to mention, name, allude to a duty, &c.), call out (for a certain service, &c.).
v.i.,

Sunga-SUIlga, 6, n., care, concern, anxious thought (as of a mother over an absent child).
sia e sunga-sunga, v., to think of with anxious concern.

Sumama,

to

be

talked about,
;

Sungama,

v.i.,

to persevere, be ear-

mentioned, named, alluded to to be told off (to a duty, &c.), be called out (for a certain

nest, zealous.

Sungamena, v.r+to bear

Sungi,
6,
.,

Sumama,

service, &c.). v.i., to stick

(into).

into,

pierce,

penetrate

in mind. a season, period, a time. If the season is specified, nsungi is used ; nsungi a nsaIwa, harvest time konso nti
;

Sumamwa,-z/., to be pierced by or with.

muna

sungi kiandi, every

tree

SUN-TAM
Sungi, continued. in its season

Swengenia,
;

Sungi twekala kuna Ekongo, the time when we were living in Kongo.
e
.

6, #.+great fear, apprehension which causes a feeling as though one were stifled & one's could draw scarcely

Sungididi,

+ perseverance, dili6, gence, earnestness, zeal, intentness in any pursuit.

v.,

breath.

sia e sungididi,

to

be

diligent,

Swengeti, 6, anxiety. Sweta, v.t., to sniff, snuff. Swi-swi, 6, --sungididi, App.

.

earnest, in earnest, zealous. salu or sia sia e sungididi

muna

e salu e sungididi, to be dili-

Sungika,

gent, zealous in work. v.t. (Bako.), to straighten,

straight.
fired as

T.
Ta, z/./.+to pick out, select, choose specially note or indicate.

make

Sungu, 6, n., violent death, nzongo a sungu, a gun

challenge.

-asungu,

a.

+ hellish, leading to
n.,

hell,

infamous, cursed.

nzimbu zasungu,
hell.

money

(ill

Ta, v. (Bako.), to say, tell. Ta, 6, n. [pi. bita(Bako.)], a branch. Tadidila, v.t., to observe carefully, look well at.
Tadikila,
for,
v.t.,

gotten) that would drag one to

to look, look at, look

after,

look
at.

watch, observe,

Sungubadi,

who

a persecutor, one worries or persistently an6,

n.,

gaze

Taka,

v.t.,

to arrange.
v.i.,

noys.

Takama

(muna),

to be prevented

Sungula, v., to rebuke. Suninika, v.t., to satiate, satisfy. Sunsa, 6, ;/.-fa range, the distance to which one can propel a missile
with the arm.

(by something), to be at a standstill

(because

of).

uma

(12, -u-)

takama, the business

Takanisa,

Sunsumina, v.t., to appear for a few moments or a short time only,

to

unable to proceed. v.t., to arrange together with due attention to height, size or quality, all of one kind
is

Sunsumisa,

be evanescent. v.t., to cause to appear,

v.i.,

together.

Takula,

v.t.,

to

induce a

man
to

to leave

as above.

his
to flinch.

chief

& town

become

Sunsumuka,
Sunuka,
Susa,
v.t'.,

one's

own
to

follower, to act trea-

z/.-fto slip

away, escape.

cherously.

to shrink from, hesitate to.

6, n.,
v.i.,

Takula,

v.t.,

nudge any one unob-

Susubwila,

Swandana,

a very small fowl. to be one longer than

the other, irregular in length or

height.

served, to call his attention. Tala, 2/.+to expect, also to be cone tembwa trary, of the wind
;

Swanga,

v.t.,

to

throw or hurl

far

away.

kitadidi, the wind was contrary to them. Talanta, 2, n., a talent (biblical
weight}.

kwa yau

Swatakesa,

v.t.,

to

do

rashly, without

thought.

Tambala,
to

Swatumuna,
-asweki,
.,

v.t.,

make or render

oval, oblong.

v.i., to walk along catching hold of everything one passes, like a monkey or baby.

hidden, concealed.
to sniff, snuff.

Tambidila,

v.,

to

tempt

see

nkanu,

Swena,

v.t.,

p. 380.

TAM-TEK
Tambika
&c.
e

912

kinganga

(5),

z/.,

to in-

Tapututa,
tell

z/.,

go into
to

all

the details,
(a

struct in

the art of doctoring,

to

minutely.
z/./.,

Tatidila,
z/.,

stick to

thing),

Tamblllula,
task),

take turns (in a

in anti-

adhere

to, retain... in

possession;
earnestly

to

answer back
to

follow after

eagerly,

phonal song.

endeavour
soft,

to acquire.

Tampula,

z/./.,

remove

sticky

Tatila, z//.-fto

make

a practice

of,

do

stuff.

constantly.
to

Tampwa,
of

z/.z.,

be of the consistence

Tatu,

paste, in a soft, sticky condition.

stiff

6, n., woe, anguish, that which causes one to cry out (tata). Tavula, z/./., to arrange with interven-

Tanda, 6 (Mbundu, kitanda),

daily

.,

market place.

ing spaces, to put further apart, allow more room between.

Tandu,

6,

;/.

Te
tandu, adv.,
for

interj.,
z/.z'.,

bang

yamu tandu ke ever & ever.

e

Teka,

to begin to spring

up

(as

tandu
day
he

wonso, adv., some tandu mvu wonso vutuka kevutuka, some day
;

mvu
e

seedlings of a sowing), hence the v. aux. teka. the

first

Teka,

z/.z.,

to shine,

come
z/.,

out as sun-

shine after dulness, shine forth.

will return.
z/./.,

Teka

nkanu

(4),

to pretend that

to disentangle (something caught or in a fix). Tanginina, z/./., to imitate, copy,

Tandula,

various actions are taboo, & to extort money for the violation

of the taboo law.

make or do
Tanginina,
Tanginini,
6,
.,

like.

Teka

ngangu
mafcu
e

(2),

z/.z'.,

to

act

a copy (produced),

craftily

or deceitfully, cheat.
(9), to

imitation.
6,
.,

Teka
the habit of imi-

give

full

atten-

tion, to listen

tating or copying others.

Tekana
be

very carefully. ngangu (2), z/., to cheat

Tangininwa,

6,

.,

a thing to
one's

each other.

copied or imitated.

Tanguka,
town

z/.z.,

to

leave

own

Teke, 6, n. yela o nkisi

a
fit.

(4)

a teke,

z/.,

to be

&

go

to live in another,

subject to epileptic

fits,

to

have
act

emigrate.

Tangumuna,

z/./.,

to

read over, to read

call

Tekela e ngangu
craftily

(2),

z/./.,

to

out from a

list,

over,

re-

tail,

hearse or give the details, demention or refer to item by

z/.z.,

or deceitfully towards, to defraud or try to cheat.

Tekelela,
z/.,

to do, be, &c.,

first,
;

long
dia-

item.

previously or before
to

be imitated or copied, taken as a copy. Tantama, z/., to long for, intensely or

Tangunuka,

mbu

diadi diatekelela o ka-

nwa, this was foredetermined. Tekesa matu, z/., to be troublesome

to listen to.

earnestly desire.

Tantwa

mpasi
;

(2),

z/.,

to

be

tired,

Tekola,

z/.,

to

branch a second time,

grow weary (of a thing), be ke nutantwa mpasi bored za sinsa ko, do not grow weary
of trying. Tantilwa e mpasi
thise with.
(2),
z/.,

to put out a branch from a branch, to have a grandchild

i.e.

Tekomoka,
to

born, to be a grandparent. to go over to the z/.z.

sympa-

other side or party. Tekwa, 6, ., something with which to

-atantu,

a.,

hostile, adverse.

draw water.

I,

v.t.,

to

be proclaimed.
rebel against,
v.,

Telama,

v.t.

+ to

telama vana,

get

up or

rise

from

Tenda, continued. tenda e nzila (2), v., to make a mark on the ground to s.how which

(a seat, &c.).

Telamiana, v.t., get up quickly. Telamiana, 9, n., vigour, energy, ability

to

way the caravan has passed (to guide stragglers). Tendana, v.i., to be scattered, driven
in all directions.

move
(12)

briskly.

vimpi

yo telamiana, health

&

Tendangana

v.t.,

to scatter, spread

vigour. e tele (6), adv., tightly, firmly, securely.

Tendangiana, ) Tendanisa, v.t.,

Tendela,
v.t.,

in all directions.

to scatter, drive in all

directions.
to (an office),
official

Teleka,

v.t.

+ to appoint

proclaim,

make an
;

or

public announcement, declare, dianil bantepreach, herald lekele e kimfumu, that is why

by linear or measurement. Tendoka, r/./.-fto shine, be bright,

to sell retail

superficial

dawn

(of the daylight)

kuma

Tema,

they appointed him chief. v.i., to shed, cast a light

ke kwatendokele ko, the day had not dawned. Tengola, v.t., to give up, abandon as
of no further use ; to dismiss,
release,
let

tiya tutemene vana tukedi, the fire shed a light where we

were.

go,

set

free,

give

freedom
appear suddenly or una very bad person, a

Tema, Tema,

v.i.,

to

one not further needed, have no more dealings,

to

observed.
6, n.,

friendship, &c., with.

scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch, brute ; also something great &

terrible, awful, horrible to con-

Tenso, 6, Tensola,

n.,

v.t.,

tier, step, layer. to take off the outer cas-

ing, coverings, the

of a

pile,
i.e.

all

upper part one's outer gar-

template
that

(only
is

used
;

of

that

ments,

everything tensama,

which

bad)

tema kia

see p. 428.

nsongo, unspeakable agony. Tembela, 7/.-|-to be in a great state of commotion, disturbed, agitated
(of a

number

of people

or a

whole town).

Tente, 6, n., a bit, morsel, little piece. Teta, v.t., to cut up a carcase. teta e nzila (2), v., to break, force, make a way (through, muna). apTete, 6, n., a turn (in rotation)
;

Tembo,

6, n.

(Bako.), a strong wind,

to enlighten, impart light to

breeze, storm, squall.

pointed time. Tetela, v.t., to cut the

makeke

off a

Temona, v.t.,
to.

Temonwena,
aware,

v.t.,

inform,

make
to.

prepare it for tapping, leaving only the newest fronds to deflower (a virgin).

palm

tree, to

make known,
v.,

put up

Tetomona,

Temoziana,

to inform each other,

to give a detailed account, detail at length.

v.t.,

make each
Tempa,
v.t.,

other aware.

to blurt out,

speak with-

out care

&

propriety.

e mvila (2), v., explain a genealogy, give a pedigree. Teva, v.t., to beat severely.

tetomona

Tenda, v.t., to cut. tenda e nsi (2), v., to mark a cross on the ground in doing homage, tenda o ntima (4), v., to be perfectly frank, to back, be sincere.

Tewa,

v., to be picked out, selected, chosen, specially noted or indi-

cated.

Tewa

inter/.,

bang
v., to

keep

nothing

sia e tewa,
fire (a

make a

bang, to

gun).

3N

TEZ-TOM
Tezanisa,
v.t.,
;

to

liken (to)

to

Tiakidika,

v.t.,

to

compare (with), compare together. hold out away from

Tiki-tiki, continued.

the body (as a fowl her wings on a very hot day) or a cloth

worn
arms.

loosely

&

held out or the

sala ye tiki-tiki, v., to have such a desire, to long to. Tikumuka, v.t., to be thrown or fly otherwise than was intended, to miss the mark (of the object), to

swerve

&

turn aside.
to

Tiakidila, v.t., to treat insolently, shamefully, without the least respect or feeling, either by personal violence or insolence.

Tikumuna,
Tinina,
v.t.,

v.t.,

throw

miss.
for,

to

run to (not from},

with, &c.

Tintama,
re-

v.i.

Tiala,

v.t.,

to cease to

have any

ntima
to

(4,

u-)

gard for some one, to jilt, to speak insolently about. Tialumuna, v.t., to talk on endlessly,
expatiate.

vacillate, to feel

tintama, to hesitate, an inclination

still

do something but
v.t.,

to

hesitate.

Tintila,

to

be proudly reserved,
to one's self, avoid

Tialumuna, v.t., to spirt, squirt. Tiama, v.t. + to strike a heavy blow. Tiamuka muna nlungu (4) or nzaza
(2), v., to be wrecked ntiamuka tatu yatiamuka muna nzaza, three times was I shipwrecked.
;

keep proudly

contact with others, to scrupulously avoid anything dirty.

Tionga,

v.i.,

to lose

all

power

to ex-

press one's self or to do anything, be done, lose all energy

Tiangalakesa, ^./.=tiakalakesa,
429.

p.

Titila,
")z/./.,to

Tianguna,

speak
;

(from heat, sickness, &c.). v.i., to shake, shudder, shiver. Tiukwa o ntima (4), v., to be pained
in

Tianguna

diambu (7),
to

scornfully,

the heart, grieved, troubled,

p. 429.

insolently,

blaspheme

u-

upset.

ntiangwini or untiangwini o mam.hu, he spoke scornfully to

me.

Tiuna=timvuna,
Tokeka,
v.t.,

Tividika, z/.A=tibidika, App.

give
trouble,

worry,

Tianta,

v.i.,

to

Tiantisa, Tibalala,
out,

v.t.,
v.t.,

sound (of a trumpet). to sound a trumpet. to be inflated, blown

annoy.

Toko,

6,

.,

nkaza

(i)

youth, youthfulness. a toko, the first wife a

distended (with liquid}.

man

marries.
(i)

Tibidika, v.t., to inflate, blow out, distend (with liquid}. obstinate heedlessness Tibingi, 6, to advice warning.
.,

mwana

a toko, the

first

child

born to a man.

Tokomoka,
trees,

2/.z'.,

to flourish of plants,

&c.

Tie-tie, 6,

n., the cracking of twigs caused by an animal in the "bush."

Tola,

v.t.

Toma,

v.t.,

(Bako.),to mention, say, talk. to give another wife in

Tietiekele, pi.
Tifu,
2,

a clanging sound. n. (P. Chefia?), a dignified

6,
.,

bearing.

the place of one dead rather than return the nkama a longo with its accrued interest (usury). Tombana, v.i., to flourish, be in excellent condition.

Tifuka

(per/,

-ini), v.

(Jr. above), to

maintain a dignified bearing.

Tika,?/./., to
sift.

Tomhana,
Tombokelo,

v.i.,

to

emit a delightful
a ladder, a

odour.
\6,
.,

Tiki-tiki,
to

6, n.,

a great desire, longing

means

do something which one cannot or must not do.

Tombokelwa,/
steps.

of ascent, staircase,

(9i5
Tomboloka,
v.i.,

TOM-TOW
v.t.,

to

spring

up
(as

(as

Tongonona,
foster.

to

bring up,

rear,

seedlings,

come out

new
wife

Tomesa, Tomesa,

leaves). v.t., to

demand another
;

as above
?/./.

+ to

proper, to

toma. do what do well.

see

is

right

&
in.

(6), adv. tala e tonia, v., to gaze fixedly. Tontolo, 6, n., a weak person, one without strength.

e tonia

-atontolo,

a.,

weak.

Tomona,

?'./.

+ to take

the initiative

-atompodia, a., without salt. Tomvi,//. io, n. (Bako.), the brain. Tona, v.t., to recognise, remember,
recollect,

Topaze, 2, n., topaz. Tota, v.i., to ache (of the head only). Tota, v.t. (mid. v. totoka), to search for (a road or track).
Tota,
v.t.,

know,
v.i.,

perceive

(a

to ascend, climb,

matter), understand.

Tota,

v.t.

(mid. v.

go up. totama), to add,

be
to-

Tonama muna,
to.

to

be appointed
of,

put together.

Totama,
approve
fit

v.i.,

to accord, harmonise, to

Tonda,

v.t. -f to

with, consider
like,

be satisfied or sufficient,

alike.

Totama,
Toteka, Toteka, Toteka,

v.i.,

be added or put

esteem,

be pleased with,

gether.
v.t.,

admire, express approval; hence, to express gratitude, thanks, to love gratefully, so that although

with,

to make a beginning commence at, start on.

tanda tonda figure in other Bantu languages for to love, its primary idea in Kongo lies
in a sense of satisfaction

&

v.i.,

to run.
to

ultimately in a

&> only complacent or

match, to fit together, accord or alike, harmonise, to give an equivalent for, to compound by mutual
v.t.^

make

to

exchange.

grateful

(?} love.

toteka

Toneka,

v.t.,
;

to

appoint to a duty,

nga

tuntonekene kasumbalekwa ya evula, we appointed him to the duty of

e
for the station.
v.t.,

&c.

(io), v., to arrange a marriage, so that for a woman given another is given back.

longo

cross

buying the things

Tonekena,

to take note of,

mark

(mentally), to exercise discern-

ment, judgment.

Tonekena, 9, ;/., discernment. Tonena, t/./.=Tona, App.

-atonga,
a.,

Totoka, v.i., to be commenced, also be well pushed (of a concern), be well under weigh. Totoka, v.i., to be searched for (of a road or track). Totola, v., to clap the hands before
beginning to speak. v., to say (a woman's word). Totola, v., to do or accomplish much, make a good show, have plenty to show for it, push on well
Totola,
with.

stout.
v.t.,

Tongamena,
Tongeneka,

to sit

spite against, to bear... malice. Tongolola, v.t., to be curious about, inquisitive about, pry into .

v.t.,

to

up late. have a

Tongomoka,
face, to

v.t

to rise to the sur-

Totolola, v.t., to collect, get together. Tovola o nkanda (4), v. to tan

t

come up again. Tongonokakana, v.i., to be able

traced out.

leather.

to be

Towa,

of clay 6, n., a small mess mixed with palm wine, &c., for

Tongonona,

v.t., to trace to its source, trace out (a matter), to investigate, to explore.

the

purposes

of

anointing.

Towa made
great hunter

at the

grave of a

may be smeared

TOW-TUM
Towa,
continued.

916

Tukumuka,
to confer

v.i.,

to

be wearisome, to

on
Toza,
v.t.,

all

comers

hunting

lose its interest.

skill.

Tukumukwa,

v., to

be tired of (some-

commence, lay the foundation stone or mark out a

to

to begin,

thing) and give (it) up, to lose one's interest in, be sick of (a
thing).

site or hole. Tu, adv. (causing an accent

fall on

Tukuna,

v.

+ to

make

soft

by rubbing,

the last syllable of the previous

see p. 433) +even, too oyeto tu tukwenda, even we

be limp, to cause to wither.

word,

Tuku-tuku, 6, n. sia e tuku-tuku,

fixedly.

v.,

to gaze, look

are going.

kansi tu,

conj.,

but (regretfully or
sharp,
acid,

indignantly).

Tua,

v.i.,

to

be

salt,

Tulalala, v.i., to be put in plenty. tulalala ye, to have plenty put down to or on one.

sweet, peppery (according to the nature of the condibiting,

Tulama,

i/.z'.

+ to

be

set

up, put to(of

gether,

constructed
n.

many
tulu-

ment}.

parts or materials).
to

tua muna,
ment}.

season (of the condi-

Tulumenta,

2,

(Bako.)

Tudidika, v.t., to put a lot. Tudika, Ty./.+set up, put together,

reconstruct (of

mfoeta, page 434. Tuluza, v.t., to drag about.

to

many

parts or

Tufakana, v.i.,

materials). to be crushed

smashed
utterly

up, to be routed.

conquered,

beat & drag about an inhuman manner. Tuma, v.t., to send alone (twika, to send in any one's charge) also to order, give an order or in-

bunda tuluza, to
in

structions

to go,

not a simple

Tufakesa,

v.t.,

to

smash, crush up,

to conquer, utterly rout. Tufuka (perf. -ini), v., to be crushed,

order; untumini vo he ordered him to go.

kenda,

Tumbama

squashed
Tufitna,
v.t.)

& make

a mess.

to

squash or crush
adv.,

&

(vana), v. mid., to be or get set or placed (before). kwanga (pi. 6) yatumbama, n., the

make a mess. Tuka kuna tuka (9),

very
first

shew-bread.

from the

Tumbika,

or beginning. tuka vana,/r<?/., from, commencing from.

v.t., to place, set, put (before others). Tumbikila, v.t., to set or place before

Tukama,

v., to

be

in a fix as to

how

foantumbikidi o madia, they set food before me.

to arrange something. Tukika (e diambu), v.t., to

Tumbu,
be
in too

6,

11.

+ fault,

flaw.

sia e

tumbu, v.+ to
speak against.
6, n.,

find fault with,

great a haste

and so

fail,

to

be

to

Tukika,

at a loss for a reply. v.t., to place, stand the point

(against),

Tumbu,

thick jungle
to

left

by the
dis-

fires

affording shelter to game.

v.t.,

touch or poke with

Tumbula,

do

clearly,

the end of something (long). Tukilwa, v., to be the starting-point

of.

tinctly,

tumlmla

plain, plainly. o nsamu (4), v., to

make

tell

plainly.

Oku kutukilu,
while.

adv., at

first,

for

tumbula
tumbula

soneka

(9), v.,

to write

distinctly.

Tukuka,
be

-z/.z.+to fade, wilter,

soft,

wither

vova (9) or e ndinga (2),

speak
distinctly, clearly.

limp.

s/.-fto

917)
Tundidika,
nent.
v.t.,

TUM-TUN
to exalt,

Tumbula,

?y.z.

+ to

breathe softly (as

make promi-

one sleeping).

Tumbulula,

v.t.,

to bring

up

to the

Tunduka, Tunduka,

v.i.,

become greater

&

surface, bring up from the dead. Tumbulwila, v.t., to make aware of,

greater (in wealth

vi.,

&

dignity).

warn, point out an evil or danger. tumpa, ?'./ to rush about in all direc,

(as grass, &c.)

move up & down because of some animal making its way under
to
it.

tions.

tumpa-tumpa,
active,

v.t.

to

be very

very energetic, to rush

to thrust

Tundula, Tundula,

v.t.,

to

lift

up

(as above}.

v.i.,

to

breathe softly (as

about.

one sleeping).
in

Tumpa,

something by force or something not intended to enter.

v.t., v.t.,

Tungama,

?/.*'. + to have nothing to say for oneself, to be left without a reply, to look blank, be

Tumpalala,

to

become

stupid,

in

fix.

foolish, ridiculous, absurd, lose

Tungianu,

12,

.,

aimless wandering,

one's wits.

straying.
to
sit

Tumpama,
down

v.i.,

down,

to

fall

a sitting posture, so that the buttocks first reach the

in

Tangika, z/./'.+to leave one without a word to say for oneself, put
to silence,
reply.

to leave

without a

ground.

Tumpana,
all

v.i.,

to

be tossed about

in

tungununu
tala
e

(6),

adv.
v.,

directions, agitated. Tumpidika, v.t., to render

tungununu,

to

gaze

ridiculous

take away

stupid, one's wit's

fixedly at, fix the eyes on. Tuntana, v.i., to be annoyed, worried,

&
Tuna,

ideas.
to

troubled.

be moderate, keep well within bounds, be temperate, be under proper control.

v.i.,

Tuntanisa,
tease.

v.t.,

annoy, worry, trouble,

Tuntuka,

v.i.,

to increase,

be further

Tuna

(Bako.),

v.t.,

to despise, scorn.

Tundalala, v.i., to stand or be high up, be prominent, be exalted.

advanced, tuntuka e ntela

in size.

(2), v.,

to be bigger

Tundangana,

v.i.,

to

make a

mistake,

to forget one's errand, business or intention for a moment

tuntuka o nkisi (4), v., to have come under the (benignant) influence of a charm,

&

make a mistake kuviki landa diambu ko yavana kilunga

;

tuntuka
35Tuntula,

moko

(pi. 9), v., to

be
p.

able to

divine

moko

see

etatu

kosi,
;

susi

kole, tu-

ndangana kakana dio

kutatu,

kana

-z/./.-f

to

cause to increase.

(Proverb), do not be in too great haste to follow

Tuntula

bring under the (benignant) influence of a

nkisi

(4), v., to

up an offence until it has happened a third time; firstly, take it for an accident; secondly,
for a
it

charm,

tuntula

moko (pi. 9), v., to

moko
;

render,

able to divine

see p. 350.

mistake

the third time

Tuntuluka,
higher,

v.i.,

was intended.
) J

grow, increase

get
(in

bigger,
height,

-atundangani, a -atundanganu, tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,

very rarely indeed.

price, &c.). Tuntulula, v.t., to cause to increase

(in height, price, &c.), to... more

and more.

TUN-UMF
proper control, moderatemperance. Tununu, pi. 6, n., exceeding cleanness.

Tunu,

6,

n.,

Tuzu,

6,

n.,

very bad person, a

tion,

scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,

brute.

Tununu,

6,

;/.,

ness,

insubordination, rudean over-stepping of the

Twalakesa,

v.t., to

betray into

diffi-

bounds of propriety, right, duty, &c., immoderation, excess, impropriety.

-atununu,
fore

a.,

going
foolish,

beyond the

proper use or bounds,

and

there-

mad,

useless,

un-

one into attempting something in hope of support and then to withhold it, fail to help in a crisis, to withhold promised assistance to hang back and let others bear the brunt of a struggle to hurry
culties, to lead
;
;

serviceable, immoderate, wild, insubordinate note tununuka

;

below.

along by force, to carry away (as a crowd or flood). Twanga, v., to dislike, to think evil of,
find fault with.

Tununuka, v.i., to pass all bounds, become immoderate, to take liberties, become rude, insuboruncontrollable, to take kindness and advantage of
dinate,

TwangU, 6, n., fault, flaw, defect, erratum kimwene o twangu ko,

;

find

no

fault in
!

him.
!

Twe

inter/.,

click

snap

sound of
rib goes in token

gentleness, to act wildly, to exceed one's province ; note tuna

above.

something breaking. twe luhasa (i.e. the frond I break the stick click
!
!

Tuta,

v.i.,

to

become
abundant
;

numerous,
o

of agreement),

let

it

be

so

plentiful,

matuti
Twezi,

agreed

matutidi kuna ezulu, the sky

is

Twengona,
6,

v.t. (fr.

twe), to snap.
herds,

thick with clouds.

(4), v., to

Tuta

touch one in the face or chin with the finger as a challenge.

v.t.,

nlemho

(Bako.), flocks, cattle, live stock.

v.t.,

n.

Twika,

to

send

in

any one's

Tutika,

to place, stand the point

(against),

touch or poke with

charge (tuma, to send alone). Twikila, v.t., to help any one to pick up his load or to put it on him.

the end of something (long), to place the end of something

against another object.

Twisa,

-z/./.

+ to make
App.

sharp, acid, &c.

see tua,

Tutisa e ekudi
voke.

(8), v.,

to irritate, pro-

Tutu, 6, n. tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,

very rarely indeed.

U.
Ubekenge, Ukabu, 12,
Uleza,
12, n., frailty, fragility.
11.,

Tuvala, 6, n., something distended or blown out.

Tuvalala,
9,
.,

avarice, greed.

12, n., laziness.

distension.

Umfunia,
to look

12, n.,

the habit of violence,

professional skill, one's profession or
creative

Tuvula, v., to blow out. tuvula o meso (pi. 7),

plundering.
v.t.,

Umfuzi,

12,

n.,

fiercely, angrily, glare.

ability
craft.

in

Tuwa

(perf. tuwidi), v.t., to try to catch or kill too soon, i.e. before

Umfuzi wa Nzambi, God's

wisdom.

getting sufficiently near.

Tuwa

(perf.

tuwilu),

v.i.,

to escape

Umfuzi wa

fula, great

ability

in

thus.

smith work.

9'9

UMP-UVE

Umpavuludia,

12, n.,

indifference,

independence, unconcern, disre-

Ungudi, continued. one would show

est

to one's near-

gard, estrangement shown by an absence of all feeling, affection

&

dearest).
(2)

mpanga
peace.

a ungudi, terms of

or

care

for

those

con-

cerned.

Unkitu,
murderous nature. wicked cunning, //.,
12, n.,

12, n.,
12,
;/.,

Umpondi,

12, n.,
12.

Unkwa,

fellowship,

wicked cunning. companion-

Umpuka,

ship.

craftiness.

Unkwa,
the nature

conj., see
12,

Umpumina-nzambi,
and
fears

Unkwikizi,

w.

under -nkwa, App. + that which con-

characteristics of one

who

stitutes

a person a

munkwi-

God, godly
.,

fear.

Umputu,
Una.

12,

poverty.
nature.

kizi, religion. Unlomba, 12, n., unfruitfulness.

Umwanda,

12, n., spiritual

Untiangu-ntiangu,
of jilting,
likes

12,

.,

the habit
in

una-ina, of any kind, any (thing)

like
(it),
;

&

changeableness whims.

any
1

(thing)

of the

Untongololi,
into,

kind

kimbwene mo ma una
did not see anything

12, n., inquisitiveness, curiosity, the disposition to pry

kina ko,

search out matters.

2,
.,

of the kind in there.

Untotela,
( 1

in theDoutrina Chris td

una

ke...ko, adv.-}- before, while as

yet... not.

624)

untotela= majesty. Ntois

una. ..una, as, same time

whilst,
;

as. ..at

the

tela therefore dynastic name.

not a simple

una kekwendanga

muna nzila, o mansanga una mebutumuka muna meso, as

he went the tears
his eyes.
fell fast

from

companionship, felbeing together with, community, communion. Untwanga, 12, n., unscrupulous ras-

Untwadi,

2,

n.,

lowship,

the

cality, utter

untrustworthiness,

(yo,

ye
the

or)

yo...una nkutu..., just

....
;

villainy.

same with

ye nzimbu

zandi una nkutu, za wivi, just the same with his money, it is by theft.. Unga, 12, n., continual disagreement on every point see nya, App. Ungolokoso, 12, n., gammon, non.

Unzengelevwa, 12, n., foolishness. Usewa, 12, n., circumcision.

-a USUtu,
a.,

indignant

very bad indeed (a most abusive term}, <Sutterly

scurrilous, useless.

abominable

&

sense.

Utiangi, 12, n., stature, physical development attained nkia utia;

Ungomba,

absence of all troublesome timidity or shyness, tameness, gentleness of manner,

12,

ngi kena? una wetoko, how big a fellow is he? quite a fine

kuna ungomba,
means.

adv.,

by gentle

young man (i.e. that of a grown young man).

full

Ungongolokoso,
sense.

12, n.,

gammon, nonas

UtO, 12, n., bodily nature. Utontolo, 12, n., weakness. UtU (Bako.), con/., then (impatient],
indeed, even=tu, vutu, App. Uveledi, 12, n., saintship, the being a saint. suminwa o uveledi, v., to be
called to being a saint.

Ungudi,

12,

n.,

the

relationship

children
best

of

one

relations

mother, the of terms (be-

tween different people), peace, harmony, brotherly or mutual love & care, kindness (such as

Ep. of

Paul

UVO-VAN
Uvoso,
12,
72.,

920

-a UVOSO,

a.,

senselessness, utter folly. senseless.

72.,

Vaki, continued.
culty, obstacle,

Uwolezia,
ness.

12,

corruption,

the

crucial point, the " crux."

hindrance, the

nature

of

corruption,

rotten-

Vakil,

12,

72.,

toll,

tribute,

custom,
to

tax.

Uwuntu, Uwuya,

12, 12,

72.=wuntu, App. drunken madness, 72.,

quarrelsomeness,
72.,

Vakula

nkalu

(4),

v.,

deny,

refuse,
refute.

contradict,

repudiate,

fury,

wild

recklessness, lawlessness.

Va-ku-mu,

2,

72.,

a combination of the
a
pre-

Uyakala,

12,

manly

nature, manli-

roots of the locatives,

position.

ness.

Uyi, 12, 72., dung, excrement. Uzeze, 12, 72., effeminate, delicate

Vala.
fas-

mu vala,
Valanga,

tidiousness, useless helplessness.

from a long way off nm vala katuka, he comes from a

;

Uzimi,

12, n., 12,

Uzumim,

clanship. the desolation of a .,

long distance. a basket ., 6,

6,

to

carry

deserted town.

poultry, &c., in.

Valanganza,

7*.,

a skull.

V.
V
before a,

Vama,
the
is

v.i.,

to

be strong.
;

Vambllla,
Bapro;

-z/.+to provide, furnish with.

among kongo about Wathen

e,

Vambwila, v., provide, to furnish okutuvambwila e nzo zina zifwene, he

will furnish us

nounced as a light guttural gh by some of the Babwende as g by the Basundi as h.

with

the necessary house.

Vampamiana,
on
trying,
v.i.,

v.,

to persevere,

keep
be

Va
ova

(perf. vene), v.t., to give

also to

yield
is

(fruit).

Vanakana,

keep on. to be possible

to

another further hypothesis is advanced, the foregoing being introduced by OVO.

itsed
If,

when

given, be giveable. vanakana o nkalu (4), v., to be deniable.

should, see
10.

Ep. John

i.

Vanama

(ye), v.i.,

to struggle

(with

&

Vadi, 6, 72.=kimpadi, App. Vaika, r/.z'.+to come out, appear (from somewhere), arise (turn up), happen, befall. Vaikilwa, v., to have come upon one, to have befall one. Vakama, v., to be caught, held back.
e

some great task or burden). Vanamiana, v., to persevere, keep on

trying,

keep on

at.

Vanda

mpandu
v.i.,

(2), v.,

to practise

sorcery.

Vandalala,

to

surpass,

eclipse,

out-do everything, be supreme, to proudly think that one can-

mpaka
sible.

zafoavakamene, further

dispute or denial was impos-

not be surpassed, eclipsed or in any way harmed by any one or

anything.

Vaki,

6,
is

72.,

the matter to which one

Vanga,

-z/.A

+ to
72.

behave towards, do

hooked or hitched, i.e. one's first business, that which must have one's first attention, the first or main thing which one
has to do, the
first

to.

Vangala, 6, Vangalela,
well,

+ a framework.
at

to do do one's best
v.t.,

thoroughly, or with.

duty, the

Vangama,

main point, the great thing to be aimed after, the chief diffi-

to prosper, get on v.i., be successful in business, do well, to be full-grown, grown

well,

921

VAN-VEL
v.i.,

Vangama,

continued.

Vatumuka,

to recover, get

ri

up, to be edified, perfect, complete (in one's powers, knowledge, education, &c.). Vangamesa, v.t., to edify, &c., causath't:

again after severe

illness, or in

the case of plants, revive after

of above.
v.i.,

fading. Vaudi, 6, n., a separate portion, something apart, a sect, divisor in

arithmetic.
6

Vangamiana,
subject
is

to

be

quick
;

in

making or preparing
mentioned,
;

if

the
pre-

vaudi

it

is

ceded by yo (&c.) vangamiana ye salu kiaku, "look sharp"

with your work.

or yo, adv., apart, from, in a state of separation from, yo is used

separate

muna

with persons,

muna

Vauka
great, be-

(muna),

v.i.,

of things. to be separate,

Vanganana, v.t., to grow come or be very

apart (from), hold aloof (from).

absorb all the no room for anything else. Vanganisa, z/./.+to be in a great hurry with any one, impatient with one who is in one's way. Vangaziama, v.i., to be made or pre-

important, interest, leave

Vaula (muna),
Vava,
6,
n.,

v.t.,

to put separate,

apart (from).
ant's

nest

(mushroom-

like).

Vava

ke...ko, adv., before, while as

yet... not
;

vava kiayizidi ko,

I

pared quickly.

while as yet before I came.

had not come,

Vanginika,
Vangizieka,

v.t.,

to

make

great, im-

portant.
v.i.,

to do,

make

quickly

-avava, a., extraordinary, unusual. Vavi, 6, n., a man or beast of enormous strength, a Samson, a
Hercules.

or prepare something. Vangu, 6, n., a yoke, leash.

Vangu,

6, n.,

danger,

peril,

source of

trouble

&

annoyance, nuisance,
trying, trouble-

Vayizeka, v.i., to go out quickly. Vaza, v.i., to go on increasingly, become more & more great,
or intense, accessions (used of good or bad), hence to become worse or better according as such change may be good

difficulty.

numerous,
receive

severe

avangu,
sia e

a., difficult,

constant

some, dangerous.

vangu,

v., to

cause danger, &c.,

to

be a nuisance.

Vangulula
again.

(yo),

v.t.,

do much
?

or bad.

Vaza

is

the reverse

exceedingly,

many

times, over

of voza.

Vekomoka,
;

v.i.

+ io
to

rush and bluster

Vangwa,

v.i.

(as the wind), to blow,

be blown
away, de-

uvangilu kwa, just as if, just like uvangilu kwa kuma kunoka i

along.

Vekomoka,
part.

v.i.,

go

far

kwina oku
if it is

ezulu,
to rain

it
;

is

just as

kwa
Vaningina,

going toloka
if

uvangilu
is

Vela,

6, n.,

emptiness, a void, vacuum.

nima i kena, he
to

-avela,

a.,

empty, void, vain, usebuilt for the

just as

his

back was broken.

run with
elusu,
one's

less.

v.t.,

Vela,

6,

#.+any house
of

utmost speed.

purpose

Vanzikwa,
Vasina,

6, n., see

A pp.

image
Vela-vela,
tense,

or
to

keeping a fetish charms, a shrine

6, n.,

Vasumuka,
up
Vatalala,
in

chip, piece, bit. v.i., to shoot or spring

(heathen).
v.i.,

grow

strong,

in-

abundance.

*>./.= vandalala,

App.

ardenty zealous, anxious, intent, keen.

earnest,

be

VEL-VEV
Vela-vela, continued.

922

Venzomona,
want
of a
ver, to

v.t.,

to
;

make a good
hence, in a palaup, to inform

ntima
to

(4)

se uvela-vela, to

wide clearing

know or hear more

show

matter.

vela-vela muna salu, to grow or be earnest, active, zealous in

one's work.

against, to expose stating the facts.

by

clearly

Venzona, v.t., wound.

Vesoka,
Vesona,
v.t.,

to

make

a small cut or

ete

divela-vela, to want more of something tasted. e mbele se ivela-vela, the knife is

(8) se

to

become

vile,

spoiled,

dirty, loose colour, tarnish.

6, n.,

small crumbs, sawdust.

lit.

very sharp, has a keen edge.

Vele,
<7^77.

= tu

(the particle).

Vetama, v.i. vetama...vumbuka,

heads), to raise

to

bow

(the

kana vele=kanele. ovo vele vo, see o vova

Velekela, Velekela,
v.t., to

them

again, to
consult,

ele vo.

hold
confer

a
;

consultation,

put aside, hide.

6,

;/.,

something put thus

Vete.

bavumbukidi, they consulted together.

bavetamene

aside or hidden.

Velesa-velesa, v.t., causative of velavela velesa-velesa e ngangu

;

ke vete ko,
haps,
it

conj.

\\.

may

be, per-

zeno, sharpen your wits, keep your wits about you. Velezieka, 6, ;/., cleverness in mak-

being hoped that such

;

is the case

ke vete ko
I

kwenda

nkwenda, perhaps
Veve,
6, n.,

shall go.

nothings

ing tasty dishes out of little also such dishes.

;

the eaves of a building.

in

Velezieka,

v.t.,

to

make such

dishes.

Vevi, ke vevi ko, adv.,

very much.

no small degree,

Vema,

(Bako.)=kangala, but in Kongo proper has the idea of

v.i.

oyeno nusundidi
birds.

nuni ke vevi

to prowl in it. Vempoka, v.i., to vanish,

(as

ko, you are far superior to the

disappear
c.

Vena Vengama,
Vengeka,

mist). ye, there are... at or on,

v.i.
v.t.,

smoke or

Vevoka,
App.

T/.Z.

+ to
;

= vengomoka,

strictions, to

be under no rebe free, to have

liberty

see

under vevokwa
of app.
f.

put aside, away, hide,

defer,

below.

something which one has. Vengekela, v.t., to put aside,

put
off,

Vevokelwa,
mid.

v.i.

(pass,

of

postpone.
only), passion,

p. 629)= vevokwa, which see below.

v., see

Vengenene,
sire.

6, n. (sing,

Vevokwa,

emotion, strong feeling or de-

-avengenene,

a.

v.i., to have restrictions removed, be no longer under restrictions, to have freedom, to have liberty granted (pass, of

makasi

(8)

mavengenene,
v.i.,

fierce

anger.

vevoka mid. v., see p. 625) does not consider any existence
;

Vengomoka,
on one

to

side, out of the

little
v.t.,

be or go aside, way, be
from.

of restrictions ;
siders
to

vevokwa

con-

gone a

way
out

them to have existed and have been removed.

o

Vengomona,
side,

to put, shift

on one

vevokwa

moyo

(3),

v.,

to

con-

aside,

of

the

way

Venza, Venza,

(something encountered). v.t., to strike with, beat with.

v.t.,

sider worth while, to one's mind (to).

make up
willing,

Vevola

ntima

(4), v., to

be

to

wash very thoroughly.

ready.

923

VEV-VIL
v.t.,

Vevolwela o ntima (4),

willing,

v.,

to

be

Vidika,

Veyana,
all

v.i.,

ready to to search far

.

Vidikwa (kwa),
wide, in
forbear.
(by).
.

to impregnate. v., to be with child

directions.
(pi. 7), v., to

Veza

mambu

e vidiza, 8, (Kib.)=etadi, App. e vie (pi. 6), adv., all right, without

Vezi, adv., sooner, rather, it would be better that ( = deke). r n. 6, (vezozioka), the tail ezo, feathers of a bird which have

anything the matter.

Vika, aux.
denly;

v.

+ to do
also

quickly,

sud;

to. ..just... only

been fastened up as a trophy, the feathers of an arrow, the tail of a fish.

r

kuna kwa ntukuka uvikidi tukuka, how quickly it withered up ovo mpikidi songa kaka
;

ntu

if
.

only just showed

ezozioka,
e

v.i., to
)

dodge about.
be well taught
instructed
in

my
Vikuka,

head
v.t.,

v., to

to whirl along rapidly

mpila

(2), i

or
to

(in the air, as leaves

before the

or trained

at.
(8),

via o masona
read

know how
to

to

write,
(12),

blow hard, come or go violently (of wind or rain)Vila, v.t. + to finish off an edging
wind), rush,
properly.

via
r r

unganga

be

well

initiated in the art of a doctor.

Vila,

6,

.,

an animal killed

&

burnt

ia e

mpila
6, n.,

iaku,

be very black. excuse, an unsatisfactory

(2), v., to

in a bush-fire.

Vilalala,

r.i.

explanation.
r

meso

(7,

ma-) vilalala,

to be cross-

ialuka, v.i., to come or go away without telling any one of one's

intention, to slip away secretly, to withdraw oneself unnoticed.

eyed.

Vilalala, v.t., to be faint, indistinct, almost invisible.

Vilama,

v.i.,

to

be hidden, not to be
appear.

ianda,

v.i.,

to get lost.

visible, not to

Vianga, Vianga,

v., to
v.t.,

mark, write. to smear on a thin coat

Vilangesa, v.t. + to make a mutual exchange, set one over against

the other.

or thinly.

Viangala,

v.t.

Vilukila,

v.t.,

turn (one's) face round

moyo

u-) viangala, viangalwa o utima (4) or

(3,

moyo,

(towards) (only of the face or the proper side of a thing).

be very wishful (for), intent (on), anxious (to). Viangama, v.t., to be thinly smeared
to

Vilukwa

ntima

(4), v.i.,

to

repent,

change one's mind. Vilula, v.t., to change one's mind,

opinion, &c.

Viangila,

angry word] kuviangila mu nzo ame ko, do not venture into my house (you rascal).
;

(of grease, &c.). v., to go or come (an

Vilumuka,

v.i.,

to

be lashed, scarred

with lashing, be waled. Vilumuna, v.t., to lash, wale.

Vilu-vilu,

6,

n.,

changeableness,

Viangula,

v.t.,

to

go

carefully

&

fickleness.

stealthily
(to call

to touch some one him aside without at-

tracting the attention of others).

Vibidila (Bako.), z/.=zizila,

p.

283

&
Vididika

App. meso,

make a mistake. a mistake, error, a forgetting ignorance, absence of knowledge, injustice, wrong. Vilwa, v.i., to want to attend to a. call
Vilwa, Vilwa,
v.i.,

to

12, n.,

v.t. t to

render cross-

eyed.

of nature, or in the case of a fowl, to want to lay.

VlL-VO
Vilwa, continued. vilwa e nzala (2),

9 24

Visa, continued.
v.,

to

be hungry.

Vimpakana,
Vimpi,

v.,

to hear imperfectly,

to be dull of hearing. 13, n. + health.

a.,

tifying signature receipt, a visa. Vitakana, v. mid., to

or

seal,

turn
e

aside,
nti, the

leave
healthful,

the track

nkombo

-avimpi,

healthy,
;

ivitakene kunansi a

sound, good elongi diavimpi, sound advice or doctrine.

goat left the track to go under a tree.

Vimpita, v., think about, meditate. Vina, v. (Mpa)=winikina, p. 461. Vinda o nlele muna luketo (10), ?/., to wind the long loose end of one's cloth round the waist as
a girdle.

Vitakesa,
to

v.t.,

to

cause,

allow
is

or held
line

make something which

go aside from the mark,

of track, as a knife in cutting something out or a goat driven

or a

hockey stick

in playing
call in pass-

Vindakesa,
(of

v.t.,

to put to

down or
along

into

hockey.

many
v.i.,

things or people only).

Vitamena, v.t., to make a

ing.

Vindana,

rush

in

crowd, jostling together, in wild

confusion, pell-mell. Vinduka, v.i., to close up (as wound), be closed up, come well to-

Vitidila,

v., to

go or be the
all.

first

or

front or before

Vitumuna,

v.t. + to push on with it, sweep away with it, carry away

Vinduna,

gether (as a well-made joint). v.t., to cause to come to-

gether as above. Vinga, v.i., to take place or happen since, to take the place of something else, to be the next thing

with a rush {used only in referalso ence to things in motion] to blow over or down ( of the
;

wind).

V.K. (divitidi Kristu),

Christ.

B.C., before

happen nga nkia mambu mavingidi oko evata, what has happened since in the town. a person uninitiated into Vinga, 6,
to
;

Vivila,

v.t.,

to

listen,

attend to (a

matter, not a person}.

Viyidila,

z/.i.

= zizila,
(pi. 6),

.,

Viziku-viziku
Vizula,

p. 283 & App. n, the sound of

a mystery or rite. Vingila, 6, n., a bird which does not build a nest of its own, but lays
always in old nests. Vinzuka, v.i. (Bako.) = vunzuka,
P- 457-

whispering. v.t., to beat with a lash or

rods, scourge.
" then equivalent to
"

Vo,

conj.,

as

used

sometimes

in

questions

when some
)

action

or

definite
re-

Viongoloka, Viotakana,
Viotakesa,

v.i.,

to

be

winding,

conclusion

must

result on

tortuous,

crooked, round v.t., to render winding, &c.

see

circuitous, about, distorted.

ceiving an affirmative answer;

insadisa vo? shall

then
?

help him

akweyi kitukidi, kuna

Viotama,
Visa,
v.t.,

viotakana.
thoroughly instruct, &c.
;

to

App. to place beyond doubt as to skill, correctness or certainty (of facts), to audit, to officially or formally sign or seal or otherwise certify.
see via,
all

evata vo, ovo kuna mpatu? where does it come from, from the town or the farms ? vo i, conj., as for vo i mono mpakwidi o nkalu, as for me, I
;

denied.

VO

mona OWU,

Visa,

6,

thorough knowledge, certainty, an audit, official or cern.,

wherefore, conj., seeing this, on account of this

(used in speaking of some action

continued,

Vololoka,
is to

v.i.,

which

follow these con-

tied,

well

to be firmly, securely braced up, to have

clusions).

OVO, conj., that.

Ovo used as a conj. is preceded by a comma, or in an equivalent speaking by

see also pp. 310-311.

or exercise self-control, be temperate, moderate, continent.

Vololola,
v.t., to tie firmly, securely, to cause to exercise self-control,

pause ;
OVO,

make
Voloma,
Volongonzo,

when used with

the future, sug;

v.i.,

temperate, moderate. to flow, pour, run down.

6, n.,

i/ic gests uncertainty, if when is perfect is used, or when it followed by se, the event, though

the framework of

the ribs complete & in position. Volozioka, v.i., to revolve (of endless

yet future,
in

is

sure to take place

bands

in

opposite

directions,

due course, when.

OVO wan, conj., if so, in that case, if it must be so, if needs be. Vodiana, v., to cry, wail, making a
great noise.

wheels in contact, &c.). Vomo, 6, n., abundance, plenty. -avomo, a., abundant, plentiful,
great (of something of many things or

made up
of

some

Vodoka,
Vodola,

v.i.,

to

be

safe.

matter or

affair).

v.t.,

to render safe.
v.t.,

Vomoka,
(upon
ful,

v.t.,

to be abundant, plenti-

Vokeka (muna),

to hitch

become great or

serious

or over), slip (over). Vola, v.t. + to win (in gambling). vola e mbwa (2), v., weigh anchor.
Vola,
v.t.,

through

many

accessions

or

complications.

an

to paralyse.

v.t., to give, put in abundance, heap up, pile on. Vompoka, v.i., to be hollow (of the

Vomona,

Vola, v., to cool. nitu (2, i-) vola, to have some rest or relaxation after exertion, //'/.
to cool

eyes),

emaciated

(of the

abdo-

down.
lead on
mischief).
lure.

men). tulu (pi. 10), n., to throw Vonda into a dead or very sound sleep.

Volela,

v.t.,

to lure, lure on,

Vongola

kinsanga

(5), v.,

to

weep

(to

some
a

profusely.

Volela,

6, n.,

Volesa e to

(6)
(4),

ntima
some

or e nitu (2) or o v., to take rest after

to

Vonza, 6, n., great danger, peril. Vosa, v.t. +to engrave, to shape by
by cutting
cutting into the surface (vala off from the surface).
e

exertion,

take

some
is

relaxation, mental if

ntima

Vosona

kinsanga
v.i.,

(5),

v.,

to

weep
(of

used; physical if nitu, sometimes even if ntima.

Volo,
6,

bitterly.

Votalala,

to

hang down

n.,

self-control,

command

branches).

over one's passions, continence, moderation.

Volo, Volo,
6,

Votana,

v.i.,

to writhe

&

wriggle as

eels.

n.,
)
J

6, n.,

Voloka,

a sand-martin. a hole or chasm made by the subsidence of the

to tell

Voteka, v.t., see vokeka, App. Voteleka, v.t., to cause to hang down. Vova, v.
i

earth.

Voloka,

v.i.,

nobody (about an
(a

VOVa VO, so to say or vova ele vo or vova

if,

speak.
ele vo, even
of..

affair),

keep
self

thing)

close,

in

the event

.even;

dark, to exercise
silent.

make no
-

answer, to

control

&

be

vova ele vo diambu dikwiza, ke diambu ko, even if trouble

come, never mind.

VOV-VUL
Vova, continued. diau ovovele edio, as you say a somewhat evasive yet definite assent (e.g. Luke xxii. 70, &
;

926

Vudilwa, continued. a wood of its trees) Una kavudilu, when (the crowd) had cleared off, when he was alone.
;

xxiii. 3).

Vuka,
to address

v.t.)

to

Vovelela,

v.t.,

or

call

upon

free,

be spared, let off, allowed to escape.

let

go

(a fetish)

or

tell it

one's wishes.

VUka

(Bako.), to be saved, safe, get

vovelela e esikilu (8), v., sing to a musical instrument. Vovelo, 6, n.) a speech on another's or one's own behalf, a defence.

free

from danger, trouble, &c.,

aux. (Bako.), to be, do, go,
early,

get well.

Vuka,

v.

come

soon = vika,

pp.

Vovesa,
to.

v.t.,

to scold,

speak angrily
is

447, 695.
v.i., to be deceived, deluded, under a delusion. Vukana, v.i., to have sexual intercourse together.

This

word

to

be dis-

Vukama,

tinguished from vovesa, to say to, by the absence of any

matter said Q* spoken

kavove;

senge aka o mwana andi, he was always scolding\i\s child

Vukana,
Vukika,
Vukisa,

v.i., v.t.,

flow together, coalesce. to deceive, delude, beto spare, let

kavovesenge aka o mwana andi o mambu mambi, he was always saying bad things to his
child.

guile,

humbug, gammon.
go
free, let

v.t.,

off,

allow to escape.
v.t.

VOVO fulu, Vovo vau,

act.

1
)

adv.,

on the spot

at once.

Vukula, Vukula,

+ to

distract.

v.t.)

to put

up with (an
&c.),
to.

in-

immediately, instantly, at the very moment, in the very

v.t.)

convenience,

disregard,

pay no attention

Voza,

to decrease in size,

num-

bers,

severity become less

&

intensity, less, hence to

better,
ac-

or

Vukula, v.t., to copulate (of animals). Vukulula, v.t., to take back something which one had given
Vula,
away, reclaim. 6, n. (from vula, to be enlarged), a people, a great following or retinue.
v.t.)

become worse or
good or
bad.

cording as such change

may

be

Voza

is

the re-

verse of vaza.

Vula,

to

clear

off,

disperse

(of

Voza, v.t.) to stop, cease. Vozevo, conj.) if, in the event, that. Vuba, v.) to clap (the hands with sur-

crowds, clouds,

c.).

Vula, 7/./. + to strip Vulukila, v.t.) to

living

off (fetters, &c.). live by, make a

;

ovubudi lukofi, he c.). clapped a clap. Vubuna, v.t., to kick up or along, blow up (as gunpowder). Vudidi, 6, n., the habit or act of taking too much or very much. Vudidila, v.t., to take too much or
prise,
;

by,

at

mu ungema
lives

kevulukilanga, he
palm-tapping. -avululu, a.

by

ngangu

(pi. 2) zavululu, false cunning which defeats its own ends.

v.t.)

very much. Vudilwa, v.t.) to have (things) remove or removed from (one), to have
(the crowd) leave (of a place or person who was thronged), to

Vulumuka,
size

to grow, increase in to
start

and
at,

stature.
v.t.)

Vulumukina,
rush

up and
at,

to

dash,
at.

bound

spring suddenly

be cleared (of clouds as the sky or of a place from a crowd or

Vulumukina,

v., to bluster,

speak so

as to frighten.

(927

VUL-VUT
continued.

Vulumuna
Vulu-vulu, App.

meso
n.,

(pL
see

7), v.t.,

to look

Vunga sama,

fiercely, angrily, glare.

6,

from which winged white ants

are escaping, to
their

under kanda,

make them
once,'

lose

wings

at

&

so be

Vuma, v.t. vuma o maza (pL

fall

7), v.,

to let water
in

Vunganana,
den.

easily caught. v.i., to

be foolishly hid-

from the mouth as

wash-

vuma

ing the hands, o inete (8), v., to spit upon.

v.,

Vunganana,

v.i.,
,

to be deceived.

Vumana,

to

respect,

fear

each

Vungidilwa, v.i to be tempted to do something which one knows

to be wrong.

other.

Vumbana,

v.i.,

to give out a pleasant

see also

the

temptations

This is used of which come

odour.

from the heart.

Vukumuka
morsel

Vumbuka,
Vumbula,

v.t.,

vetama, App.

v.t.,

to catch in the very

the temptation due to suggestion of others.

expresses

act of doing (something, theft, tumvumbwidi o mwivi &c.)

;

Vungila,

v.t.,

to dip (a

in the

gravy).

or

muna

wivi, we have caught

belly,
;

Vunginika,

the thief in the very act. Vumu, 6, n., from vumu, the

v.t., to deceive, to give a false impression, to a pretence that

.

lie,

to

make

one's living, all one's food also the subdivision of a clan (eka-

Vunginika,
that

v.t.,

to hide foolishly, so to one's

self,

it is
i

ntu

nda), a family, house, dynasty. (4) a vumu, the head of a

family,

Vunguka, Vungukilwa,
Vungula,
v.t.,

easily found. v., to come

senses or

re-

cover consciousness.
to

ku vumu, round the trunk. Vumwinu, 6, n., the spirit, soul,

Vuna,

have

(it)

dawn upon

the

one, to understand, to take in,

living principle, life. v. aux., to do... a little slightly, to a small extent (time, amount,
c.)
;

comprehend.

Vungumuna,
curtain,

v.t.,

to

draw aside a
or
obstacle

screen
previously

few

vuna dingama, wait a moments vuna kio za;

which
the view.

obstructed

ngula,

lift it

up a

trifle.

vungumuna o
V.,\.Q

Vuna, v.t., to bend (a bow). Vunda, v., to halt for rest, nkwa ntima avunda, one who
slow to anger.
)

nzieta (4) a malavu, shake off a fit of drunken-

ness.
is

Vunguta,

v.i.

+ to murmur, speak
v.i.,

in

very low tones, mutter, grumble.

Vundanena, v.t., to hoe up the earth round a plant. Vundena, Vundika, v.t., to place something
)

Vunguzioka,

to sniff

&

be

dis-

hard
it.

&

dry into water to soften

v.t.,

gusted, to catch a nasty smell. Vuni, 12, ., falsity, falsehood. e vunia-vunia (pi. 6), adv., (to go,

come, walk, &c.) proudly

to disinter.

Vundumuna,
Vunga,
is
v.t.,

Vunhia

'

to cover

somewhat im-

perfectly, because

when vunga

Vuninma,J Vunuka, v.i.,

up.

erect.

to cheat.

to

be exposed, shown

used the thing used to cover with is small, not sufficient

&

Vununa,
Vutu,

v.t.,

to lay bare, expose.

to cover thoroughly.

Vunga sama

(6), v.,

(Bako.), to place

nzambalalu grass over the hole

then (impatient), indeed, even = tu, utu, App., more used by women.
conj.,

VUT-WA
Vutudi,
6,

928
n.,

return,

recompense,
;

Vwamvwana,

v.i.,

to rustle

sway

reward.

Vutukila, v.t., to... over again bavutukidi o tunga evata diau, they built their town again vutukila wo o vova, say it
;

about as the branches of a tree (when climbing animals & birds are moving about in them).

Vwanda

mfulu

(2),

v.,

to

sit

in

council.

over again.
Vu.tu.la,
v.i.,

become

moist.

Vwandangana, } v.i., to make a shade Vwandangiana,/ (as a spreading

tree).

moyo

(3,

u-) vutula, to be refreshed

to

(in body).

Vwata, 9,
be
lost

.,

clothing

dia yo vwata,

Vuvana,

v.i.,

&

wandering,

food

clothing

"quite at sea," to be wondering

Vwatwa,

6, n.,

something to wear,
(pi.}

what

it

is all

about.

apparel, dress,
to
;

clothes.

Vuvanina,

v.t.,

to

wonder as
said.

Vwavwaziana,

v.t.,

to

own

each

mpuvanini edi kavovele,

wondered what he

other, to entertain against each

Vuvu, 6, bunda

n.

Vweto,
VUVU,
in.

to trust, place con-

other (feelings). 6, n., the gravity or weight of something heavy not stand-

fidence

-avuvu, dependable, reliable. Vuvuta, v., stray, wander about, roam.

ing perpendicularly, as of a ladder being placed in position.

Vuwama,

v.i.,

to well
fit

befit, to
its

fit

as
fit

Vweza, Vwika,
Vwila,

v.t. v.t.
v.t.,

(Bako.)=veza,

+ to

cloths, &c., to well.

place,

p. 447. hoist (a sail or flag). to lay hold of, get into

one's power.

Vuwika, Vuya, 6,

v.t.,

to

make

a good

fit.

n.,

a small twig.
v.t.,

Vuzumuna,

to strip off or snatch

W.
W
often

away with violence, to bark (the baobject must be stated)

;

stands in osolongo as an

mvuzumwini
Vwa,

nlele,

they

equivalent of

in

kisi-kongo.

stripped him. the owner (always used ., i, with the thing possessed men-

Wa,

interj.,

an exclamation of sur-

prise, astonishment, protestation

tioned immediately after it) o vwa-nzo, the owner of the

;

or indignation, sometimes even equivalent to I wonder whether, in a quessurely, indeed, why

;

house.

tion
(4), v.,

a negative answer
why,
for

is

ex-

Vwa o mfunu

have need of or use for, to have any advantage out of, get any good from
to
;

pected.

wa wa

edi, pron.,

what reason.

ele

ke dikumpwa mfunu ko,

will

it

(w'ele nkutu), with or without vo, it is said indeed,

nkutu

not be of any use to me.

Vwalangana,
thrown
fusion.

deranged, into disorder or conv.i.,

be

there

according to hearsay indeed, is a report already, in-

deed
i

wa mfumu
;

ele
i is

nkutu se yandi bekunyikilanga

;

Vwalangasa(Bako.),j7/.A, / range, mix Vwalangesa, up, throw into disorder, confuse, throw about. Vwama, v i. + to have abundance of
everything, to live in luxury.

to

de-

akaka,

it

said indeed that

some call him chief wa ele nkutu edi katukanikini vondeswa [tuvondeswa, indeed
he threatened to
kill us.

wa

nga,

conj.,

do... then really

(in

929

WA-\Y]
continued.

Wa,

continued.

Wau,
;

indignation)

wa nga

kieleka
o

ko, because or

now

that

am

kikilu vo

nwavonda

mfu-

going

will stop

no longer.

mu eno e ? do you then indeed really mean to kill your

chief?

wau

while

ki- (kolo understood], adv., wau kilele o wantu,

;

while the

men

slept,

Wa, an

emphatic, relative verbal particle used much as \, but is relative rather

wau kina
that,

vo ^-kinana vo,

wau
now
;

VO, conj., seeing that, since,

who
&c. a
;

is,
it

than demonstrative, was, &c., which is, are,

often

forasmuch as, for, because wenda asadi e salu wau vo

ifiltidi,

appears before
;

noun in apposition Jizu Kristu wa Mwana a Nzambi, Jesus Christ (who is) the Son of God.
there,

that

work then, now go have paid you wau VO, ntel' andi ukufi, for he was
I
;

too short.
i

niuna
conj.,

wau nkutu

ndivo,
that,

Wa, v. (Bako.)=vwa. Wa-ya-wa, adv., here,

where.

&

every-

even

notwithstanding when, although,

;

Wadi,

6,

;/.,

a short, black, thick, bony

all sorts

though see ngi, App.

even sentence under wieven when. okala vo kadi,

fish.

wau nkutu, conj.,

12,
;/.,

Wadiwonso,

of things,

i...wau, says, said

1

every thing.
to do quickly, be Wala, "JT/./., Wala-wala,/ quick in doing.

yandi wau, kwiza nkwiza,

said he,
I

for,

will

come.

Wavo=wa
Wawana,

ovo.

Wandu,
Wanzio
Watu,

10

&

12,

//.

+ lentil
;/.,

bush

&

fruit.

(12)

wa

nsa,

an innocent

v.i. +to accord, concord, be in tune or harmony, harmonize.

v.t.,

babe.
conj.-}- still,

Wawanisa,
yet,

to set

in tune, har-

notwithstand-

monize.

ing that, when used in a protest ; edi ovovanga ngeye

Wayi,

12, n., slavery,

Wazi

(12)

wansi
(3), n.,

(2)

bondage. a vuvu

(6)

or

nkundi ame watu e mbongo zame zau oyiyanga, you say

that
steal

moyo

skin diseases often

you are

my

friend, yet

you

appear to be getting better, only to break out worse again hence

;

my

goods.

false hopes,

Wau,
OWau,

\adv.,
} article
iv hen it

see
is

under lima.

The

sia

wazi

hope against hope, wansi a vuvu, to

cause to

generally prefixed implies now, and ab-

raise

false hopes, to

when it is used of manner, or some ofher time, or duringj owau tuzeye, now we know wau kavovele, so he said.
sent
;

hope against hope, kala yo wazi wansi a vuvu, to entertain false hopes, to hope
against hope.

We=wa-f e

see
a.,

under wa, App.

OWau

i "bosi, conj.,

now

indeed,

now
;

-awele-wele,
pieces,

cut in short or small

at length.

wau, of time during, while, when wau kekwendanga, while he

was going,

Wesomoka,

of cassava only. to be crushed or broken or shattered to atoms or

v.i.,

pieces.

Wau

kadi, conj., now that, because wau kadi kwenda

;

Wete (Bako.)=wa
-awete,

ete, listen

nkwenda kidingalala diaka

wawete

well

done

good

When

30

WET-WON
Wete,
continued,

the

King of Kongo
gift,
!

with a
is

wawete &
taken up

pleased &c., he exclaims a shout of wawete

all

is

Wingi, continued. was that love, for God to take pity on men, even though they were wicked, He sends His Son
to save them.

over the town

when that has subsided, he makes such remarks as he

thinks
fit.

Wisiswa,)

6,

;/.,

Wiswa,
Wizana,

a means of enforcing obedience, a delegated

authority.
it

wete-fiole 1(12), adv.,

will

be a

wete-wete/

pity

if... not, it

would

v. reap., to listen to another, consider one another's interests,

be better to..., it would indeed be best to..., happy indeed (if)

...
;

to get

Wokela,

9, n.,

on well together. abounding, abundance.

o wete-fiole o

kwenda,
go
;

it

would be

far better to

there

Wokelesa=wokesa, p. 462. Wolakana, ?/., to be corruptible.

Wolezia,
6, n.,

is a threat or expected disaster implied when these words are

something

rotten, de-

cayed, putrid.

used.

Widikila,

v.t.

(Bako.)

Wonibesa,
winikina,

TA/.,

to carry safely

through

danger.

p. 461.

WombO,
listen to, obey.

12,

;/.

(Solongo), the brain.

;/.,

Wila,

z/./.

+ to
;/.,

Wompodia,
cavity.
;

6,

a pot-hole, a great
(pi. 10), v.,to

Wingi,

abundance, multitude, great number, the greatness

12,

Wonanana yo
heavily.

tulu

sleep

ke bena ya owu bavola dio ko ye mbizi o wingi, they cannot draw it on account of the number of
fish.
;

Wondoka, v.i. wondoka yo tulu

(pi. 10), v., to fall

asleep, to drop asleep.

wingi, what great, how great o mambu o wingi, the great things which, what great things.

Woneneka yo tulu
Wondeleka,
Wondelela,
v.t. y

(pi.

10), v.t., to

cause heavy sleep.

to

soothe,

pacify,

yo

(c.)...o wingi, so, so much that, so hard or well that, in such a manner that, by the

console.
v.f.,

beseech, beg, entreat,

abundance
cause... so

many

or greatness, beyo sala

;

wingi

basadidi

"bavangidi

mateva matatu muna lumbu

kimosi, they worked so hard that they made 3 mats in one day ye mbizi o wingi e
;

urge strongly, exhort, urge to gentleness, kindness, goodness, or the putting away of anger or annoyance, to soothe passions hence also to sing a lullaby.
;

Wonso,

12,

.,

all

things, everything
;

utusamunwini wonso wavovele e mfumu, he

(abstract only)
told us all that the chief said,

ekonde balembi dio tunta, because there were so many fish they were unable to drag
the net.

wonso following

the

noun, some,
all,

any, some... or other, in negative sentences, at

mu

wingi... kwa,
e nzola

how
o

great. ..for;

muntu wonso, some

bongele
single

a single one ka; ;

ina niu wingi,

kwa

wantu e nkenda, i muna wau nkutu bena vo wantu ambi ndivo tuma ketuma o Mwana andi keza kubavuluza, how great

Nzambi kafwa

ma wonso ko, he did not take anything at all or a

thing
;

tandu

mvu

Wonso, some time or

other.

Wonzaziana,
other.

?'.,

to

exhort one an-

(931
Wonzolola,
little.

WOX-WUY
continued.
fish,

v,f. t

to

collect little

by

Wumba,

pig, flesh to

&

eels,

&

the

Wotoka,
in,

z/./,,

be concave, shrunken

couple partake; the doctor prescribes a konko (taboo) that

neither

Wotomoka,
earth

v.i.

+ to
it

subside (of the

in),

may
he

eat goat flesh

any
the

when

caves
I

more
;

may

except

own,

own diakalanga,

suppose

owu

woman, if she objects beforehand to such abstinence.

diakalanga kwenda kekwenda, I suppose that he is

going,

Wuminina,
not

v.t. t

liquids),

to dry to

up

(of things wither (of a

member).
wa...ko + not to be or have any means of
;

ke

vwa owu
able to

Wumunu,
App.

6,

;/.

(Bako.)

vumwinu,

not to dare to

kavwidi owu
he dared
not

Wumwa o mwini

kanikuna
move.

ko,

Wndika (muna),
(against or

?'./.,

to cause to fall

(3), ?/., be dried up by the sun, have all the trouble of working in the sun. Wunda, ?'./., to tarry, stay or remain

down
v.i.,

upon).
to

for a while, stop (at), reside (for

Wula,

7A/.,

to dash, hurl.

a time), sojourn, lodge.

Wulama
or

(muna),
fall

be dashed
upon),

Wunguka,
only.

7/./.,

to depart,

(against or

down
a

leave, of

many

-people

go away, or things

beat (against).

Wumba,

12,

;/.

When

married
j

Wungulula,
j

couple have lost several children by death, the witch doctor (nganga a moko or manga)
will frequently

clear v./. + to gather up or take away (of any tiling, but primarily of weeds}.
12,
;;.,

Wuntu,

human
human

nature,

humanhuman,

recommend

that

ity,

manhood.
a.,

they be brought under the spell wumba (kota o wumba). When the doctor arrives, the
of

-awuntu,

of

nature,

natural.

Wunzulula,

has a " hand of plantain placed upon her head, & holds it with her right hand her left hand has a rope tied to it, & a man leads her by it, cry-

woman

;'

?/./.+ to sip up (a few drops of liquid left in a vessel), to dabble (as a duck in the

mud).

Wuta, Wuta,

9, n. t
9,
;/.,

bearing.

Muntu nteka the doctor answers, Twasa e boba kiokio

ing,
;

yansumba kwame, nanga wuta kawuta. The man demands 3,000 strings of beads the doctor pays 3 single beads
;

sonnie, girlie, dear child, an affectionate way of addressing & sometimes of speaking of onSs own children nza e
;

wuta come, sonnie Wutukianwa yo, ?'./., to

!

be of the
nature

same mother

as.
n.,

&

takes the

woman

he throws
saying,

away the

plantains,

Wutukilu, Wutukilwa,
habit.

) 6,
j

the

natural

condition or

katula e dinkondo diadi, dianu olenibi wutila wau

onatanga e dinkondo diadi vana ntu aku. He cuts the

rope

from

her

hand,
feast)

&
is

an
pre-

Wutwa, 6, offspring. Wuya, 6, ;/.=kimpumbulu, p. 298. Wuyana, v./., to become very drunk & furious, become raving mad.
.,

elambu

(fetish

pared of fragments of goat

&

Y-YA

(932

Ya, continued.

Y.
Y
in

and there is only a desire know whether it happened to

to

be

Solongo generally becomes Kongo.

is

in

performed. Jt may be used also (b] in a narration when some-

Ya-, this prefix

added

to the poss.

pronouns ame, aku, andi, eto, 6110, an, in the sense of fellow-,
one's special
is
;

the combination

thing was done without any previous intention or expectaIt is perhaps best extion. pressed, if at all, in English by some part of the verb to happen
before the predicate, and often the further use of some, any, a
certain,

i.e. undergoes no concord change makangu y ame, my special friend,friends etoko yandi, his chum ndumbizi yandi, her special friend

indeclinable,

before

the

object; (a}

nga wasukwila ekulu yo moko

e ? did you (happen to) wash your hands first ? nga omonanga ye ma e ? do you (happen to) see anything? nga kwayisukulwila nkutu ya moko ko e ? and did you not wash your hands? nga kumonanga ya ma ko e? do you not see

(girl)

o
;

mwana
e

yeto,

our

playmate
di e

mpofo, OVO
if

ofidi-

mpofo yandi bekoboka

ewnln,
the blind lead

muna

the blind (his fellow blind man), they will both fall into the pit ;

ke mnsa siswa etadi vana ntandu a etadi yandi ko,

there shall not be
left

therein

one stone
fellow)

upon

Lnka

xxi.

another (its 6 wantn

;

anything ? nga kumonanga ya nsoni ko e ? are you not ashamed of yourself? vana ezandu nga osumbidi vo ye

yeto, our fellow-men.

ya

is

also prefixed to

nkwa

in the

same way,
fellow;

ame ye

& is equivalent to nkwa salu yankwa ekesa yankwa ame,

my

fellow-servant

&

fellow-

mbizi e ? did you (happen to) buy any meat on the market ? (6) ngyele kuna evata diandi, mbwene ko yo nmntu wina ye mbele, I went to his town & (happened to see or) saw there
a

soldier.

man

with a knife

mpandi
;

ya, with unnatural negative, withnwadi kio vava out, but not
;

ya

Man
it,

ke numoni, you

shall
it.

seek

but shall not find

sanga nwabaka ye mbizi, you will be sure to catch some fish kimwene ko ya mnntu wina ya mbele ko, I did not (happen
to)

Ya konso=konso.
ya placed between two words
peated signifies that it
is

see any one with a knife.

re-

// is also thus used in imper-

genuine

sonal constructions,

and

is fre-

&

nialavu-yamalavu, pure wine tiya-yatiya, unadulterated gunpowder; wolo-ya-wolo, pure gold,

;
;

unadulterated

quently untranslated; vena yo muntu, there is (or happens to

be) a man vatelamene yo ona nzolele beni, there stood there
;

ya

(ye or yo)

is

-used (a) in

an

in-

him whom
any

much

love.

In

terrogative sentence before the object of the verb when one

is

case it is clearly implied that the event was not precon-

altogether ignorant as to whether there was any previous

certed or to have been antici-

pated, it

is

something unex-

intention to

perform the

action,

pected, it happens, it chances.

(933)
(Uako.), to be cooked, burnt, done or cooked enough, to be consumed by fire. Yabala, v.i., to scream, shout, yell,

YA-YAU
o

Ya,

v.t.

Yambika

moko

(9),

v.,

to

impose

hands, to lay on hands (an important part of the ceremony of conferring a dignity or chieftainship}.

cry (as a baby).

Yaka,

v.t.,

to

throw up the

mpanza

Yambila,

v.i.

(Bako.)-fto converse,

&
yaka
o

catch

them before casting

(13), v., to

to talk with

them.

Yambukwa
catch any
self,

zunu
v.i.,

v.,

to

= moka. ntima (4) or moyo (3), make up one's mind, to

App.
ludi, true indeed
true,
it

one up

in his

Yakama,
Yakinii,

speech. to take upon one's

still

come
,

to a decision.

Yame,
e

see ya-,

to arrogate, to

be a busy-body.
;

adv. 4- yet,

yakinu

diambu yamu
it

nsonso zole ngina zau, I have still two nails. yakinu, followed by a negative
clause, adv., as yet, (not) yet. Yaku, see ya-, App.

was,

it

was only too

it

is

quite clear,

is

yamu...ya..., prep., time only, from. ..to...,

clay to

very certain. used of future

...by...
;

yamu lumbu ya lumbu,

Yana, dem. pron,
cl.
\,

from

Yaku,

/>>v/.

+ on, upon wele tunta wanda muna maza yaku

;

day or day by day (fut.\

pi.,

yd pos.

eseke, he went & drew the net out of the water upon the land.

emphatic, used only after the verbal particle i i yau yana,

;

Yakula,

^ v.t.,

to

answer

in

anti-

YakululaJ

phonal singing', to take up (some refrain), to sing a

chorus.

those are they you are they, it

is

yeno yana, you who.

Yakulula,

v.t., to take up & carry on or through or to aid in the prosecution of some enterprise. Yak wele mvu, adv., for ever, with

Yandala, ?'./. + to inquire about, after. Yandi, see ya-, App. Yangalala, vj. + to be fine & warm
[of

the

weather

(kuma

(9)

ku-)]

negative never.

Yanginu= yakinu, App. Yangumuna, v.t. + to stir

incite.

up,

rouse,

Yalangana,
other
;

v.i.,

to spread,

be comto

municated

from

one

the

also to spread out or ex-

tend widely, broadly (used only of a stationary condition there

;

Yani(Bako.)=yandi. Yanikwa, v.i., to be put out in the sun o nkaka ame yanikwa;

yanikwa
;

wayanunwa,

my

is

no notion of spreading further

further).
v.t.,

&

Yalangesa,

spread out.

grandfather is a very helpless old man he cannot get out of the house by himself, i.e. has to

Yambana,

v., to be on the most intimate terms, have the closest see yambika, the inrelations
;

be helped
(sun).

in

&

out of the house

Yanza,

v.i.,

to be clever,
;

have one's

ference being that there is almost a community of goods

;

wits about one

inwana ame

otomene yanza, my boy knows

what he
is

hence,

about.

yambana muna mpasi ovo

wete, to sympathise
or joy.
in

mu

sorrow

Yasinte, Yaspe, 2,

2,
;/.,

.,

Jacinth.
see

jasper.

Yasumbate,
to leave (a thing) not

adv., until

sumbate,

Yambika,

v.t.,

App.

in the

charge of any one.

Yau,

see ya-,

App.

VAV-YID
Yavana,
conj.

934)
Yela,
7'.z',

+ until,

to the

end

that,

+ to

be

sick,

sometimes mad'

so that.

ke yavana ko, not sufficiently, not enough ngangu kena zau kansi ke yavana ko, he is
;

ness is insinuated, hence to be out of one's mind or to be mad

after,

have a foolish weakness

;

for (something)

yela keyela,
in

artful,

but

not

quite

artful

he

is

crazy.

enough.

Yelwa,

yavana

ke...ko, so long as, ...not

before.

to lose (money, &c., ?'., gambling, &c.).

(Kib.),
v.t.
?'./., to copulate, (Bako.), to steal.

until,

The

negative

is

Yemba
Yemba,

used in Kongo when, for em-

yavana is placed at the commencement of the sentence; yavana kiayizidi ko kunyambula kakota ko, until I come, do not let him in (//'/. so long as I have not come or bephasis,
fore
I

Yemba

o makaka (pi. 8), ?',, to laugh very heartily. Yendelo, 6, ?/., a means of going,

Yenganana, 7'.=zenganana, Yenga-yenga, v.t. = lunga-lunga,

App. Yengela, 7'., to be full to overflowing, only used as below :

come).

Yaya,

v.i.

+ to

be under discussion,

much
Yaya,
6,
?/.,

talked about.

mansanga

'pi.

7,

ma-)
o

yengela

vana

a cry of exultation. e yaya, to utter such a cry.

muna meso

Yayakiana, v.i., to cry, scream, squall (as an infant). Yayidila, v.t., to show kindness, receive or treat very kindly, cordially.

yengela o became filled with

yengela o or yo mazi
be
full

meso (ma-) mansanga, the eyes

or
tears.
(pi. 7),
fat.
?/.,

to

of

fat,

very

Yengeneka, v.t.= zengeneka, App. Yengola o meso (pi. 7), v., to look
longingly
at.

Yayisa,

?/./.,

to render

the subject of

talk. general discussion Yeboka, v.i., to be mature, ripe,

Yengoloka,

v.,

to

cry out aloud in

ke yeboka ko,
mature.

to

be immature, pre-

song, sing loudly. Yeno, 6, ., udder.

Yeno,

see ya-,

App.
flow out slowly (as

Yedima,

shine brightly, gleam, to be clear as crystal bright.

v.i.,

Yenzomoka,

v.i.,

viscid liquids).

Yeka (Zombo), 7'., to let, allow. Yeka ani=yambula ele, let. Yekama, yekama e nima a kiandu (5),
to lean

Yeto, see ya-, App.

Yeva, Yeza,
?'./.,

?'.z'.+grow stout.
v.t.

veza,

p. 447.

-ayezi,

back

euphemism a great chief.

vo

in one's chair, for to die, spokeit

if

a
of

Yi,
-yi-,

12,

App. dung, excrement. formative prefix of the reflexive

a.,
.,

see kiezi,

form you
ku-.

in

tenses which lose the

nuwa
listen,

e pi-i

iyekamene,
will

you

hear

it

(my
con-

Yidi,

6,

//.,

a foolish person, a
wight.

fool,

walking
clude,

staff)
i.e.

lodged (against
with this
to.
I

useless

something),
finis.

Yekama,
Yekola,

v. t to

be subject

v.t.,

to give up, resign,

hand

over, betray. Yela, ?/./., to lose (in gambling,

disputes).

war or

kitula e yidi, to make a fool of, to treat as a fool, inhumanly. Yididika, v.t., to render very bulky. Yididilwa, v., to have it grow dark about one, be benighted, belated, to sit up late, to be benighted mentally, in the dark,

935

Vll.

YUN

Yididilwa, continued ignorant about

state

Yinga,
(a matter), in

8,

;/.

(liako.).

a cyst of measles

in pork.

of ignorance, to have (a matter) slip from one's mind, to forget (for the time being).
La,
T/./.,

Yingalu,

pi. 5, //., habit of carrying things to excess, excess, lark of

self-control,

incontinency,

imlas-

to
;

grumble, mutter to
to roar (of the fire

moderation, dissoluteness,
civiousness.

one's self

or furnace).

Yisa,
Yisu,

i'.f.

Yidimiana, ?'./., to complain, grumble, one against the other.

(Bako.), to cook sufficiently, burn.

6,
;/.,

greenness, rawness,

un-

Yidimina,

?'./.,

to

grumble, complain,

mutter one's dissatisfaction about or to (somebody else).

Yika,

to rebuke, also to order, give instructions to.

7/./ .,
?'./.,

cooked condition. Yitakiana, i>.i., to be puzzled, at a loss to know how to do or understand something, to be
perplexed.

Yikesa,

to

support
in.

(a

matter),

Yitakianwa,
Yitalala,
to

?'./.,

to

be the subject of

second, join

perplexity.

Yikilwa, Yikula,
Yilalala,

6,

;/.,

an
to

article (gram.}.

v.t.,

add

to,

increase,

qualify (gram?). ?/./., to be very bulky. Yilwa, 7'./., to be instructed in the art

&

mystery of witch doctoring.

v.t.,

be overshadowing, ?'./., to be lowering (of the weather). Yitalela, ?'./., to overshadow, enshroud tombe kiyitalela e lekwa yawonso, darkness enshrouds everything.
;

Yima muna ntima,

one's
to

to

come
an

into

Yiva,

7'./.,

to be,

become bad.

mind or head
to

(of
;

idea),

Yivisa,

7/./.,

occur

one

diyimini
it

Yizama,

to vilify, make bad. i>.i., to bend, bow down.

muna ntima andi,

his head.

came
to

into

yimwa muna ntima,

come
Yimha,
Yinda,
?'./.,

?/.,

have
seize,

Yizika, v.f., to bend, Yo,//. 6, ., heat. Yondo, 6, ;/., a plumed

bow down.
tuft,

a tuft of hair.

into one's head.

to

Yosona,

v.t. t

to beat cruelly.

pounce upon,

Yovo (=yo
that.

ovo) y' ovo, conj., and

catch.
?'./.,

to

ing to rain
little,

be constantly threaten& again clearing a

;

Yovona, ?>./., to beat cruelly. Yoya, 7/./. + to be unable to do anything further, & so let things take their course, to give up, give way.

weather)
slowly

be very uncertain (of the to explode very

&

after

much

fizzing (of

bad gunpowder). Yinda, v.t., to compose

(a

speech,

poetry, Src.) ; also to sing an ode at the grave of a great man

Yoyelo, 6, ;/., weakness. Yukisa, v.f,, to render accustomed to, to accustom. Yukwa, 7'., to be used to, accustomed
to.

who has been buried some time, begging for blessings in hunting,

Yulula,

v.t.

(Bako.)^vilula,
v.t.,

p. 448.

&

presenting the nzahu a menga, p. 406 so to sing a psalm or ode.

;

Yulumuka,

to

hang down
cl.
i

to the

ground

(of drapery).
sing.,

Y una,

dem. pron.,

$rdpos.

Yinduziana,

?'./.,

to consider

one an-

other, to

show each other con-

emphatic, used only after the verbal particle i, he i yandi

;

sideration, respect, to give each

yuna,
it is I.

it

is

he

mono yuna,

the other the preference.

YUN-ZAV
Yunga,
8,

(936
n.

(Bako.),

the

unicorn

Zamba,
a

v., to

beetle, also other fine metalliccoloured beetles.

Yutu,

6, n.,

a relative.
?/./.+ to

performance, pay passage money. Zamba, 6, n., a fringe.

give a present, pay for ferry or

Yutumuka,
robe

wear a training
in great state, to

Zananana,

v.i.,

to

be held by the ex;

come

treme end,

display like a turkey cock.

to stick far out only held by the extreme end also to have a rough, irregular,

untrimmed edge.
Zailgania,
6,
;/.,

the last small

"hand"
of the

Z.
Za, dcf. aux.v.,fut. conscq. subj., to do after, then (when used of the
past), to then

of plantain or

bananas on a

bunch

(the

perquisite

man who cuts the plantain). Zangananwa o ntima (4), v., to

troubled in one's mind.

be
re-

proceed to

wele
vo,

kuna, kaza vova

he went there,

kwa yau

Zangata,

v.t.,

that; una

hen he said baluaka knna

spect),

to mention (with name, allude to. to

ezandu baza sumba e ngulu, when they reached the market,

they then proceeded to buy a
pig-

Zangikilwa, 6, ;/., a stand. Zanginika o ntima (4),

v.,

be
to

anxious, troubled in mind, make anxious.

Zangumuka,
therefore=bosi).

-za

(is

Jizu
Jesus

wafwa kaza
died

fuluka,

v.t., to rise, get up (a superior may use this to an inferior, but never vice versa}.

rose again.
to dip,

Zaba,

v.t.y

immerse,

take up

at

once out of the water, bapto throng,

;/.,

tize.

Zadila,

v.t.,

crowd about.

Zaninika, v.t., to hold just at the extreme end, to cause the edge to be rough. 6 zanu, 6, ;;., the complete absence of all fear or respect, insubordination.

Zadi-zadi,

6,

quickness, ability in

learning.

baka or kitula
a zadi-zadi, a quick one who soon takes a

nkwa ntu
learner,

thing
Zala,
v.i.

in.
fill,

-fto

inside

completely occupy, out (as water in a

;

e zanu, vj.za,' nuna, App., but may be used with abstract nouns also to have no compunctions in referan animal which has ence to
; ;

sunken boat), to pervade

pervades
zala
all

used a track so often that it has no longer any suspicion or fear

of
it

Nzambi ozele mwawonso, God

space.
to
;

is

said to kitula e nzila e

zanu.
(of the sub-

muna,
stance
filled

v.i.,

fill

Zanuna,

v.t.,

to

be no longer afraid

maza mazele muna mbungwa, the water

filling)

the cup.
rise (of the tide).

/ of, lose all fear with regard to, *V?t lose respect for, to do as one Hf*"^ likes with. An evil or depreciatory idea is always present 'when zanuna is used, never

Zala,

z/./.

+ to

Zaluluka,

up comsomething which pletely, of previously had been partly full.

v.i.,

to

be

filled

loving confidence; it cannot be used with abstract nouns.

Zalulwisa,

v.t.,

to

fill

up something
partly
filled

Zavuna,
Zavuti,

v.t.,

to bite

tear.

which has
already.

been

6, n.,

the rough edge of torn

cloth or of broken wood*

937

XAW-ZEV
v.t., to

Zawulu,
Zaya,
i>.

6,

n.

(Bako.), a

spoon

Zembeleka,

drape,

hang

(cur-

zalu).
(to

tains, flags, &c.).

it

know), is often used where would be more correct to say

;

Zenga

ntalu
fix

(2), v.,

to agree

upon

or
to

a price.

imagine, conclude, fancy, &c.

i

Zenganana,

nzaya nzeye vo wayele, is why I fancied (knew)

that

that

v.i., to be dumbfounded, have not a word to say for one's self, be astonished, as-

you were gone. o zaya vo, see under

tounded.
sia, i sia o

Zenganana,

v.i.,

to

be treated with;

zaya
Zayi,
12, n.

vo,

& kisamuna,

App.

out respect, profaned

sec ze-

nkwa

zayi, a wise person, one of

;

good sense

hence, a generous

person, it being

assumed that

ngeneka, App. Zengeneka, v.t., to nonplus, to leave ...not a word to reply, to leave no room for reply, to dumbfound, astound.

generosity is wisdom. Zayilu, 6, ., a means of knowing.

Zengeneka,

v.t.,

to treat without the

Zazana,

bewail, lament with gesticulations of grief, throwing

?'./.,

to

least respect, to

be utterly

re-

up the hands
self about.

&

knocking one's
Zengo,

gardless of value, importance or sacredness of things, to profane

6,
;

see

nzengenga, App.
),

Zatuna, 7/./. + to jerk off. App. Zazuna, z/./.=zatuna, p. 477 Zeboka, ?'./., to become limp, flabby,
faint,

height (for

wearied,

weak

also to

proper or usual high or low water mark, pitch, highest or lowest pitch, line of limit in height or
n.,

the

become
Zekana,
T/.,

foolish, act like a fool.

to strive together in disto dispute, wrangle, pute,

depth, the lines of the tropics, the trajectory of a bullet, the

struggle (with a heavy load).

Zeke,

6, w.

= zieka,
n.,

Zengomoka,

App.

Zelele, 6,

a mass of people, but used only with VU| thus e VU

proper elevation of a gun. v.i., to act madly, like a fool, to become infuriated, to be seized with a frenzy, be carried away, be beside one's
self.
v.i.,

ye zelele kina ko, an immense

host of people were there. Zeloka, v., to dismount (from a

Zenzomoka,

to flow

out slowly

hamZeoka,

as thick viscid fluids.

v.i.,

mock), to be put down from a nursing sling. Zeloka, v.i., to melt (of metals). Zelola, v.t., to melt (metals). Zelola, v.t., to take out or set down from (a nursing sling). Zelomona, 7/./.+to melt down.
Zeinbalala, ?'./. + to hang helplessly (as a broken limb or in a place
of danger).

see

zeboka, App.

Zeolola, 77., to impart, give or bestow a small quantity of something of which one has plenty to another.

Zetona, 2, n. (P. azeitona; Heb. zeth or zethan), olive tree, an

olive.

Zembama,

v.i., to be swung or supported in a hammock or on a nursing band, to get into a

ma zetona, olive oil. Zevo, 6, n. (Bako.), the chin. OZ6VO weyi (at the end of the prolit. what about ... position)
mazi
;

then,
less
;

hammock. Zembeka, v.t., to

a
sling).

how much more, much omono kwame ovo ki-

carry (an infant in

lendi kota ko, ongeye ozevo weyi, if I may not enter, much
3 P

ZEV-ZlN
ZevO, continued.
less

(938
Ziku, continued.
(///.

you
?)

what about you

reliability

in

such

matters

then

hence, chastity.

Zewoka,) Zewuka,
i

A ,.

=zebok a Ap

nkwa

Zeyalala, ^.z., to be fastened loosely. Zeyeleka, ^./., to fasten loosely (tie,

nail, braid, &c.).

ziku, one who can be relied upon, who is trustworthy. sia e ziku, v.t., to make sure.
a.,

-aziku,

firm, sure, reliable, trust-

Zeze, 12, ;/. =uzeze (App.). Zi in the Dictionary appears as

ji.
is

worthy, also chaste. Ziknka, v.i., to be at perfection, in the prime of life, in the flower
ac-

Ziaku,

2, n.

(P.

?),

one who

cursed.

Ziatalala, ?/./., to hang closely, tightly, to or from, hold on tightly, to

of one's age, to be at one's best, be perfect, in one's zenith, to have completed one's education, be very clever.

be fastened (upon), to be severe,

unsparing toward. Ziatidika, ?/./., to fasten... (upon), to cause to be severe, &c., as
above.
Ziatidila,
v.i.,
.,

the prime of life, the ., 9, flower of one's age, perfection. Zikula, v.t., to come to the point or

Zikuka,

the crux or to business, to treat the principal matter of a palaver, to say what one wants to to perfection, say, to bring

Zieke,

6,

to fasten (itself upon). a plant of the order of

the musaceas (Strelitzia). Its leaves branch from a subter-

bring

know thoroughly, maturity, one's studies, plans,

and satisozikwidi e kifwalansa kiandi, he has perfected his French se tuzihopes,
c.,

raneous root-stock, and there no stem of any kind. It bears a banana-like fruit full
is

to a full
;

factory

end

of seed.

Zietakana,

v.i.,

to

be entirely
to

for-

kula o makani meto,

let

us
;

gotten.

now
v.i.,

accomplish

our
is

plans

Zietakanwa,

recollection
forgotten.

of,

have lost all to have entirely

ekoko
kokola,
rooster

diame

dizikwidi

my

fowl

a full-blown

(is in full

Zieziana,

v.i.,

to

be off the track,

Zikumuka,
Zikwa, 6, Zimbula,

v.,

crow). to rush along, whirl

funeral.
out,

(as/

blindly. Ziezianisa, v.t,, to give evasive answers, to put on the wrong

wander

a whirlwind or wheel).
n., burial,
v.t.,

to

find, find

dis-

track, to

show the wrong

(2), v.,

road.

cover.

Zika ye nzala
starve.

to

be hungry,

Zinaziana o
Zindalala,

moyo
v.i.,

(3),

v.,

to

long

ardently for each other.

to

Zikamena

(mid. of zikidila), v.i., to be shut in or out, excluded. Ziki-ziki, 6, n., a special pointing out,
indication, cation.

be

persistent,

means of
indicative,

identifi-

plod on, persevere, obstinately hold on, endure. Zinga, 6, n., a hole or pool left by a
patiently
river at low water. Zingidilwa, v.i., to be in trouble a mourner).
(as

-aziki-ziki,

adj.,

demonindicate,

strative.

Zikinisa,

v.t.,

to

specially

Zingila,

v.i.,

to last a long while, con-

point out.

tinue,

Ziku,

6,

+ reliability,

also faithful-

long

(at

endure, remain, a place).

live

remain

ness to one's marriage vows,

zinga=to

or remain alive in

939

ZlN-ZUM
6,
//.,

Zingila, continued. use or without

Zitu,

load, burden, charge.

wearing out

Zituka,

T'./.-fto

assume
(of

healthy

zingila, to last long.

appearance

an

ulcer).

Zingrila e efundu (8), r/., to present as a contribution at the enshrouding of a corpse.

Ziungana,
Ziungasa,
-azizi, a.

v.i. (Bako.), to be stirred, twisted round.

v.t.

(Bako.), to stir a pot,

Zinguluka,
(a

v.t.,

to last, endure, stay

to twist round.

tarry, live

long time), be a long time, a long time.

ntima
Zizi,
6,

(4) azizi,

a patient, plodding

Zinwa

moyo
for

(3),

v.,

to
,

be very
to

disposition.
n., appearance, face, countenance.
2/.

wishful

or to
to

desire
for
ar-

earnestly
Ziola,
dently. v.t., to

to,

long

Zizila,

When

smooth out a crease. a Kongo has been carry-

Zo,

6,

//.,

+ to bear stoically, patiently. a single plant.

many
.

ing a heavy weight for a long

while, on arriving at a halting-

Zoba-zoba, 6, >z.=nkenka, p. 494. -azoko-zoko, ., perforated or bored

in

places.

place he will
to

lie

on the ground
operation
of

Zolela,

6,

undergo

an

kuna
Zolelwa,

"massage" or shampooing d la mode; he gets a man to walk slowly up and down on

his
all

zolela, adv., voluntarily, own free will.

v., to

of

be wanted, demanded,
;

to be obliged to (do something)

back as he

lies,

and

to press
is

ezono yazolelo o kwenda, yesterday

Zolesela,
77.,

the muscles.

This

"

ziola,

had
to

to go.

to take out the creases."

His

require,

to

desire

head and

body
as

is

upper part of the next bent back as far

unzolesele kenda, he wanted or required him to go.

possible,

and
feels

all

the
out,

"creases"
the

being

taken

Zongela, v.f., to sell measure goods).

retail

(of

dry

patient

refreshed,

and takes a quiet nap.

Ziongola,
v.f., v.t.,

Zongolo, 6, ., a ring (circular mark), a round hole.

Ziongola,

to find, see. to do one's

best

to

ascertain

something,

investi-

gate, scrutinize. Ziongola, v.t., to make a

Ziotola,

'Z/./.,

to

round hole. want very much.

poke out, stick of a point only. -azowa, a., foolish, absurd (of matters, &c., not people, which takes -ezowa). Zubana, v.i., to be much distressed,

Zonzomoka,

z'.z.,

to

out, protrude,

Ziotola, v.t., to bring up, revive some old affair, also to mention,

Zudika,

troubled, intensely grieved. quite v., to cause to stand

speak of or about, not used of or to one's betters.

Ziotolola,
v.t.,

still.

Zuka,

6,

.,

sum loaned on

interest,

to say over

and over
one's

a loan.

again, not used of or to

betters.

Zuka
Zula,

matadi

(pi, 8), v., to stone.

6, n.

Zita,

v.i.,

to be honoured, respected, honourable.

(from the root of zudika, to mass), a nation, a great following.

to stand quite still. to stand still z/..,

Zitalala, ^./.=zindalala, App.

Zitu, 12, n.

Zulama, v.t., Zumbalala,

in

kuhikila o zitu

(12),

z/.,

to prepare

for the reception of a guest.

frightened perplexity hension.

&

appre-

ZUM-ZWA
Zumbi,
6,
n.,

940

luck,
to

good

fortune,

Zungana,

v.i.,

chance.

tions

(as

go about in all direcone searching for

lost).

Zumbidika,
still,

v.t.,

cause to stand

something

as above.
6,

Zungumuka,
by one
in

Zumbulu,

n.,

the whirling past of

things

seen

rapid

+to twist aside, be distorted, go over to the other side or party.

?/./'.

motion, parallax.

Zuninika,

v.t.,

to

hang (something)

Zumbululu,
above.

6,

.,

intensive form of

down
Zunu,
13, n.

(from).
to catch

Zumbuluka,
crazed

v.i.,

to

be

worried or

yaka

zunu,

any one up

with

duties, to in the fire/'

many cares & have " too many irons

to

in his speech. Zuwana, v.i., to be

be

full

of

cares.

going about, very also to busy, bustling about be rapidly revolving zu; ;

mu

Zunanana,
Zundalala,

v.i.,
v.i.,

to
to

hang down

(from).

wana, adv.,
Zuzuna,
v.t.,

in rapid revolution.

stand high up, be

to pull

&

break

(a rope

prominent.

or chain).

Zundidika,

v.t.,

caus.

of above.
district.

Zwabula,

Zunga,

6, n.,

the surrounding country,

the neighbourhood, a

v.t., to scourge, lash, beat (with a rope, thong, lash, rod or small thin stick).

Butler

&

Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

WORDS ACQUIRED TOO LATE FOR

ENGLISH-KONGO.
AND,
see nsangi, in late words.

INSERTION.

ANNOUNCE, ?/./., zangata, talalakesa. ANNOUNCED, be, v.t., talalakiana. ANNOYED, be, v.t'., fisima.
ANTS, a nest
of,
.,

ENJOY, T/./., fwanda. ESPECIALLY, adv., ngatu. EXCEPT, prep., ngatu. EXCESSIVELY, see yavana,
words.

in

late

ezunzu,
nsangi,

8.

APPEARANCE,

n.,

tongameno,

6.

As

well

as,

see

in

late

FILTH,

to

remove,

z/./.,

kokomona.

words.

FOLD

of cloth

worn
.,

in front (long), n.,

ASIDE, adv.,

muna mpeko
v.t.,

(2).

ASTRIDE, stand,

tamanana.
v.,

mbeka, 2. FOREIGN lands,

FOSTER,
v.t.,

wa-ya-wa.

BEAT time (in BREATHLESS

saka,
BRIBE,
.,

music),

kuma.
.,

tongona.
.,

impatience,

esaka-

GRIEF, hopeless,
8)
;

manienge (pL

8.
(2),

maniota

(pi. 8).

nzimbu

za

mfwanda
HELMIA
bulbifera,
v.t. t
.,

(2).

esoko,

8.

BURN fiercely, v.i., sesoka. BUT (except), conj., ngatu.

Bv, see ntente, in late words.

HOLD

up,

zangata.

IF not, conj., ngatu. INTERPRET, v.t., saula.

CARELESSLY, act, v.t., pampalakesa. CARRY, v.t., kankula. CAVE, ., mvungu, 4. CLOTH, the long front fold of a,
nkonzi,
a.
4.

ITCH,

v.i. t

fisima.
8.

JOINT,

.,

eyiku,

.,

KNEAD,
(2)

v.t.,

kandula.

COMBINED with,/r^.> niu nsangi

COUPLE
(of living creatures only),
4.
(2).

.,

nzole,

CRUELLY, act, v., ta e nto CRUELTY, nto, 2. CURSE, n., mbaza, 2.

.,

LARYNX, dinga-dinga, 6 (Bako.). LAW, to break a, v., piampialakesa. LIKENESS, tongameno, 6. LISTEN eagerly, v., zakidika o matu
., .,

(pi. 9).

LOUNGE

about,

v.,

sendomoka.
z/.,

DAY by day, dfc/z/., nkusu mingyende, lumbu ntente.

'DECLARE,
v.t.,

MARTYR'S death, MISTAKE, make

kesa.

to die,
a,
v.,

kankuka.

piampiala-

zangata.

DELIGHT
DIE
in

in, v.t. t

fwanda.

MUSCLE,
lalumuka,

.,

ngumbe,

2.

in great numbers,?/./.,

lakumuka.
consequence of one's devotion,

NEED

(have a use

for,

need
(4)
;

ot"),

?'.,

vwa

mfunu
(4).

vwa

kankuka.

iikinzi

3Q

NoR-Evi
NOR,
conj.,

942

ngatu.
evens, the

ODDS and
OPPOSITE
PAIR,
n.,

game

of,

n.,

STOP, continued. at, make no further progress in what one is doing, v.t., kumina.

etoka, 8 (Bako.).
side, the, n.,

STRENGTH,
2.

n.,

nasi,

4.

mpiluku,

TAUNT,
mbadi, 2. PATIENTLY, adv., o

v.,

landa o

mambu (pi.

7).

TELL

(relate), v.,

talalakesa.
act, v.t.,

mbwiswa

(4)

THOUGHTLESSLY,
kesa.

pampala(in

moyo

(3).

PERHAPS, adv., ngatu. PERISH in great numbers,

TIME
v.i.,

(in drill),
v.i.,

lalu-

mark kuma.

beat

music),

muka, lakumuka. PLEASURE in, take, v.t., fwanda.

PROCLAIM, v.t., zangata. PROVOKE, v.t., saka.
REAR,
v.t.,

TOGETHER
a.

with, /r<?/.,

munsangi

(2)

TOLD, be (related), v.i., talalakiana. TOSS up the folds of cloth in front of

one,
in

tongona.

mbeka
2.

(2),

dancing, or o
(4).

v.,

bala e
(4),

nlamvu

REVERSE

side, n.,

mpiluku,
n.,

or o nkonzi

SHOULDER,
5-

top of the,
n.,

kinsunsu,
6.

TRANSLATE, v.t., saula. TROUBLED, be, v.i., fisima.

TRUTHFUL
(//

person,
5)-

n.,

nkwa

yeleka

SIMILARITY,
2

tongameno, SMALL-POX, n., mpimbidi-mbukidi,

(Bako.);kinsumbu, PREPUTII, n., womvo, 12. So, conj., dianu vo, diau vo, ozevo.
5

(Bako.).

TURNS, take (stop v., kumana.

UNLESS,
conj.,

for

one another),

SMEGMA

UTTERMOST,
words.
;

see

SORROW,

ngatu. yavana,

in

late

ngunda, without hope, manienge, pi. 8 maniota, pi. 8. SPELL (evil influence), n., mbaza, 2.
n.,

2.

WARM

(of fluids), a.,

lolo.

-ankinzi-ampov.t.,

SPOT, one of a series of

nono,
6.

tiny, n.,

no-

WATCH

suspiciously,
v.t.,

konda.

WELCOME,
v.,

niengenena.

STAND

astride, v., tamanana. STOP doing (not used of motion), kuma.

YAM, Helmia

bulbifera, n., esoko, 8.

YEAR by

year, adv.,

mvu ntente.

KONGO-ENGLISH.
Bala
e

mbeka

(2),

or o

nlamvu
to toss

(4),

has become hard and dry,

called

it is

or o nkonzi

(4), v.,

up

mbola
8,

(2).

the folds of cloth in front of

one, in dancing.

Esaka-saka,
Esoko,
8,
//.,

n.,

breathless

im-

patience.

Helmia

bulbifera,

Dianu vo, conj. + so. Diau vo, conj. + so.

Dinga-dinga/6 (Bako.),
Ekokola,
is 8,

n.,

the larynx.
sticks to

n.,

that

which

the pot,

when cassava pudding

ground good for food. Etoka, 8 (Bako.), n., the game odds and evens.

its species of yam, which bears tubers on its vine above the the wild variety is not ;

of

cooked.

When

the ekokola

Eyiku,

8, n.,

a joint.

943

EZU-NKA
2,
.,

Ezunzu,

8, n.,

a nest of ants.

Mbeka,

the fold of cloth (long)

front.

Fisima, v.t., noyed.

to itch,

be troubled, anpleasure

worn
used
o

in

in reference to

(This word is those much

Fwanda,
in,

v.t.,

to enjoy, take
in
;

respected.)

delight

ke fwandanga
ko, he does not

mbwiswa
4,
;/.

(4)

a moyo

(3),

adv.,

madia mandi
enjoy his food.

patiently.

Mfunu,

vwa
consequence

Kandula,

v.t., v.i.,

to knead. to die in

Kankuka,

of one's devotion, to die a martyr's death.

a use be of use, useful mpwidi e lekwa kiaki mfunu, I have need of this e lekwa kiaki kivwidi thing

mfunu,
;

v.
;

+ to have

for,

need of

also, to

Kankula,
Kieleka,

v.t.,

to carry.

5, n.

kikilu, this thing very useful.

truthful per-

mfunu

is

nkwa

yeleka (pl.\ a
5, n.

son.

Mfwanda, 2, n. nzimbu za mfwanda,

Monzi,
3, n.
2,

a bribe.

Kinsumbu,
Kinsunsu,
der.
-

5,

(Bako.), small-pox. n., the top of the shoul-

Mpeko,

(Bako.), the penis. n., the side (of a path)

(of

bank
a.,

river).

ankinzi-ampololo,
fluids).
v.t.,

warm

(of

muna mpeko,
aside.

adv.,

on one

side,

Kokomona,
Konda,
?/./.

+ to

Kuma,

v.t.,

to remove filth. watch suspiciously. to stop doing (not used of

Mpiluku,

2, n.,

the reverse, the oppo-

site side.

motion).

Mpimbidi-mbukidi, 2, n. (Bako.), (I swelled and burst), small- pox;

a sickness resembling an attenuated form of small-pox chicken-pox (?). Mvungu, 4, n., a cave.
also,
;

Kuma,

v.i.,

to

mark time
to stop

(in drill), to

beat time (in music).

Kumana,

(doing something, not motion) for each other, to give each other a chance, take turns.
v.t.,
v.t.,

Mwalakazi,

Kumina,

to stop at,

making no
what one
is

3, n. +one who evidences tender affection, as a mother towards her child (walakazi).

further progress in

Nasi,

4, n.,

doing.

strength.
unless,
if

Kusu,

6,

.=lukusu
to

Ngatu,
(p. 328).

conj.,
;

not,

except,

Lakumuka,^ v.i.,

perish,

die

in

Lalumuka, J great numbers. Landa o mambu (pi. 7), v. + to

Manienge,")^/.
8,
;/.,

taunt.

ngatu kenda, unless he goes ngatu ngeye, except you. Ngatu, conj., especially after a neganor tive, ngatu ngeye,
; ;

but

especially you.

sorrow,

hope-

Maniota,

less grief,

sorrow with-

Ngatu, adv., perhaps ngatu unu kekwiza, perhaps he will come

;

out hope.

to-day.

Mbadi,

2,

;/.,

a pair, a

things
pairs).

which

couple (of always go in

Ngumbe,
Ngunda,

2,

.,

a muscle.
sorrow.
to

2, n.,

Niengenena,
curse, or spell, or

v.t.,

welcome.

Mbaza, 2, n., a some evil

causes one
trouble.

Nkamba,

4, n.

which influence, to be always in

yika o nkamba, v., to join in a crowd of onlookers or participants.

NKO-ZAN

944

Nkonzi, 4, n., the fold of cloth (long) worn in front.

Talalakesa,
late.

v.t.,

to announce,
to

tell, re-

Nkusu mingyende,
Nonono,
6,
n.,

adv.,

day by day.

Talalakiana,

v.i.,

be announced,

many

a small spot, among such; pi., a number of

told, related.

small spots aggregated. Nsangi, 2, ;/., a mixture.

Tamanana, v.i., Tongameno, 6,

to stand astride.
n.,

an

appearance,
up,
rear,

mu nsangi
Ntka,
Nteka,
Ntente,
4, n.,
2,

a, prep., together with,

similarity, likeness. Tongona, v.t., to bring

foster.

combined

with, as well as, and.

a descendant.

.=ntekela

Vodia,//.
(p. 898).

6, n.

2, n.

langa

lumlm

ntente, adv., day by day.

adv., year

e vodia, v., stop your noise (an insolent expression).

pi.
6, n., ^foreign

mvu ntente,

by year.

Wa-ya-wa,

or

far-

NtO, 2, n., cruelty. ta e nto, v., to act

Nzole,
4, w.,

off lands.

cruelly.

a couple, two (of nouns or living of the ist class, creatures only).

Womvo,
Yavana,

12,

;/.,

smegma
an

preputii.

adv., to
;

the uttermost, exelliptical expres-

cessively
sion,

Pampalakesa,

v.t. t to

act carelessly,

thoughtlessly.

Piampialakesa,

v.t.,

to

break a law,

without mentioning the end or possibility j kundekena yavana ko, do not provoke me until I can no
until...,

make a
Saka,

mistake.

longer restrain myself.

Zakidika o matu
to provoke. Saula, v.t., to interpret, translate. Sendomoka, v i., to lounge about.
v.t.,

(//. 9), v.t., to di-

rect the ears, listen eagerly (to

good news only). Zangata, v.t., to hold

up, announce,

Sesoka,

v.i.,

to

burn

fiercely.

proclaim, declare.

A PPE

NDIX

TO THE

GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX

946

pronounced as
houses, not

w before
ezole.

it,

which

is

never the case

it is

always nzo zole, two

is

nzw

This principle is seen in other cases also, when a final before a word having a consonant initial ; thus
:

pronounced as

Mwana-zumba, a

bastard,

is

pronounced mwane-znmba.

e FINAL.

does not elide before a word having an initial e. The only exception to this rule are the monosyllables se, ne, nze, ke, ye, and e standing alone as a Particle, these do elide before a and e also the e final of ese, a father,
final
;

elides before the initial

S'

a and e of the Personal Pronouns.

for se annnn. they are now old, se asumuki. they are no^v shiners, he is going, se ekwendanga.

anuim, asumuki, S' ekwendanga, N' esi nsi ame, N' akw' ame, K' akw' ame ko, K' evata diame ko,
S'

my countrymen, my people, not my people, not my town,

like like
to his father,

ne esi nsi ame. ne akwa ame. ke akwa ame ko. ke evata diame ko.

Kw'

es'

andi,

kwa

ese andi.

-se FINAL.

-86 final, in nouns,

is

often pronounced as shi, in

e.

some

districts,

when

fol-

lowed by an

initial

a or

their presence, Ndoshi au, Mnnshi ame, my sugar-cane,

e INITIAL.

for

ndose an.

mnnse ame.

initial elides after

treating the

Noun

the Article o, which is of which it is the initial as a

:

sometimes placed before

it,

in

Noun

of the First Class.

'yakala (eyakala)
'zina (ezina)
:

the man.

the corpse, thus euphemistically spoken

of.

final of konso, after the after the \final ^/"mwisi, an inhabitant.

initial also elides

any (except the

e of esi),

and

Konso 'vata Konso 'y a kala Mwisi 'vata Mwisi 'kanda

: :

any town. any man.

a

man

of the town.

one of the clan.

initial elides after the

i

Personal Pronouns, and the Demonstrative Prono-

minal Particles

and

11.

Pers. Pron.

Pos. Pron.

he, the dumb man. Oyandi 'baba Omono 'kesa diandi I, who am one of his you, young man. Nge 'toko Ediame 'vata my own town.
: :
: :

soldiers.

Ediaku 'bulukn E diandi 'meme

Edieto 'sikilu
:

your

own donkey.

his sheep.

our drum.

Edieno 'sau
~>et.

your
: :

ferry.

Pronl. Parts.

Ediau 'yembe Kadi u 'baba

I 'vata didi
:

their pigeon. for you are dumb.

this is the town.
or, if ;

does not elide after the Conjunction OVO, elide after the Locative, OVO, on (second pos.).
initial

although

it

does

Ovo 'teva diaku Ovo evata dikweme

:

on your mat.
:

if

the town

is

burnt.

INITIAL.
the verb in the second and third pers. sing.) elides after the Demonstrative Pronominal Particle i and 86.
initial (prefix to

mbazi why you must go to-morrow. Mfumu yandi kibeni i 'singa kwiza The Lord Himself shall come.
I 'kwendel' o
:

That

is

Owau se 'tinini Now he has run away. Owau se 'vovele wo Now you have said Owau se 'mon' e mpasi Now you will have trouble.
: :

it.

Yandi

'vitidi e

lekwa yawonsono
all

He was
final in

before

things.

FINAL.
the Objective Pronouns, mio, kio, dio, no (that is to say, in those compounded with i), elides before the Interrogative and Impatient Interjec*
tion, e.

Nga sumba nsumba

Shall
I

ki' e

buy it then ? Unu tukesa mi' e ? Shall we fell them to-day

Nusolwele

fi'

Have you found

!

it ?

Ozevo simbadi' Hold it then

In the case of the other Objective Pronouns

e!

it

does not

elide.

Onata zo

Will you carry them

Mbonga lo e ? May I take it ?

FINAL.
final in

yo

elides before the prefix o of Pronouns.

Y'

omame masa mpe

And my
corn too.

948

EUPHONIC INFLUENCE.

A further instance
found
in the

word

of the remote euphonic influence noted on page 525 is menena, Applied Form of -ina, to be, 3rd pers. pi. 8th class,

instead of menina.

mankondo mama,

adieyi

menena

e
?

mbwaki

Why
Its natural

are these plantains red

form would be ma-inina, which contracts

(p.

524) into

menina;

a further change, and the second i becomes e, menena ; so that Euphonic law reduces ma-inina to menena. In some Bantu languages, such as Se-Chuana, the consonantal and other changes due to Euphony are far more numerous and complicated than in

but the resultant e of the prefix

me- causes

Kongo.

CONTRACTIONS.
There are a few well-known contracted words among the Bantu languages, such as nkento, a woman, from nkazi ntu, or nkazi muntu, which is found as omukazendu in Herero (Damara-land). Nkuliintu, an elder, from nkulu-muntu, is another instance the irregular
;

accent being thus accounted for. Nzo, a house, is found as ndaku

in the language of the Bangala (Ba-iboko). Otherwise there is not much evidence of contraction in Kongo words. There are a few instances of such influence at work on reduplicated words thus, e kamba-kamba, borne by many, is found also as e kakamba.
;

The Bakongo also often contract in the case of reduplicated numerals thus they will say ta-tatu instead of tatu-tatu, three each; and zo-zole for zolezole, two each, and so on. Nonono, a number of tiny spots, is a contraction of nono-nono, from nona, to
pick up.

THE NOUN.
DERIVATIVE NOUNS.
[p. 533.]

THE TWELFTH

DERIVATIVE.

When the Simple Form of the Verb [lu...u (luvangu)] is the basis of the construction of this Derivative, it is active in its meaning. When it is formed from the Applied Form of the Verb[lu...ilu (luvangilu)]
it the Noun has a passive meaning may, however, be so formed to convey the idea of the Applied Form, and indicate a means of accomplishing.
;

Simple Form. Applied Form.

of the Applied

Luvangu

Luvangilu

the manufacture, the manufacture,

how they make. how it is made.

or with the sense

The Eleventh Derivative denotes a manner, an act, a doing ; Form, ivhat it is made for. The Twelfth Derivative, a process, or a purpose for which.

nth

Der.

nth Der.

Mpanga Mpangwa Luvangu

:

Luvangilu
which
Often
it is

a making. a being made. the process of making. the process of being made, or the purpose for

it is

made

(the being

made

for).

not possible to trace these ideas, and where this form is used, it appears to be adopted as a convenient form to express the abstract idea of the general performance of the action indicated by the root. The eleventh would
indicate a specific act
;

the twelfth the act generally.

THE FIFTEENTH DERIVATIVE.

The
Prefixes ki-

and u- used

in the construction of this form, are

sometimes

necessarily applied to a Compound Noun, or to a Noun qualified by some word or clause ; in such case the Prefix is not applied to the qualifying word or
clause. Thus, from mbuta a makesa, captain of soldiers, comes kimbuta a makesa, a captaincy of soldiers, not kimbuta kia makesa, which would mean

the captaincy of soldiers in another sense, namely, the superiority of soldiers over ordinary civilians ; so that in this instance, mbuta a makesa is the idea to which the ki- is to be applied, so mbuta-a-makesa is treated as a Com-

pound Noun, and receives

receives the Prefix also.

its

Prefix accordingly.

Any

further qualifying

word

E kimbuta-a-makesa kiame

kikatwilu:

My

captaincy has been taken away.

:

Kimwana-a-Nzainbi kiandi
His Sonship with God.
This construction
"
is

further referred to in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under

The

Subject,

Compound Nouns."

95

THE SEVENTEENTH DERIVATIVE.

The
Prefix
fi- is

applied to any Prefix of the

Noun

to

which

it is

applied.

Filukaya Fikinkutu Fidinkondo

: :

a tiny leaf. a tiny coat. a tiny plantain.

THE TWENTY-FIRST

DERIVATIVE.

This Derivative, which follows properly on the Seventh, is formed by adding It exilu, elo, inu, or eno to the Verb Stem, according to its Conjugation.
presses, not the thing which was the instrument of the performance of the action, as the Seventh does, but the means, opportunity, circumstances, excuse, This Derivative is a sixth class Noun. reason, manner, and method.

Baka,
Vova,

to catch
to

bakilli, an opportunity or excuse for catching.

;

Kwenda,

go
;

to say

yendelo, a reason for going. vovelo, a chance or reason for saying.

CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS.

Nouns bearing first class Nouns

and
4),

the Prefix ne-, retain either their original class, or become thus, from nunu (cl. 4), dn old man, comes, nenunu (cl. I
first

a very old man, or as a or akinenunii.

class

Noun making

its

plural in

aneminu,

FORMATION OF THE PLURAL.

Nouns which make the Plural in mill-, are accented on the 11 of the mu-, because the u is radical, hence also its persistence in the Plural. The rule therefore stands thus All Nouns in mil-, which take the accent on the mu-, form the Plural in miu-. The instances quoted on page 546 will
in mil-,
:

this. Mungula, warmth, might be expected to take its accent on the second syllable as though nmngula, but as the accent is on the first syllable, it is clear that the u is radical, and that the word is a contraction of mil + imgula, and its Plural is therefore mi + ungula=miiingiila.

serve to illustrate

REDUPLICATED NOUNS.
in the formation of the Diminutive forms, the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Derivatives, is explained on pages 535-537. Nouns are also reduplicated to give a partitive idea thus, mbele, a knife; mbele-

The Reduplication

of

Nouns

mbele, a knife each.

Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi They received each of them a piece of cloth. Ubavana mbele-mbele ye mpu-mpu Give them each a knife and a hat.
:

ADJECTIVES.
page 563, under the word -nkwa, possessing, having, some sentences are while they are useful for given illustrating the usage and concord of the word that purpose, they are inappropriate, for -nkwa is only used where the possession is an acquirement, or a changed condition, and not an original or normal So that it is correct to speak of those whose hair has condition or possession.
;

become grey

as

akwa mvu,

for their hair

was once of another colour

but

it is

not correct to speak of black people as akwa ndombe, for that is their normal colour, and as there is no change in that respect, nkwa or akwa cannot be
used.

So, too, the sentences as to black-haired goats, and white-flowering trees are akwa inappropriate for the same reason, such being their natural condition nzala is a correct expression, for that should scarcely be a permanent or
;

normal condition.

QUANTITATIVE ADJECTIVES.
[p. 564.]

-ingi, -ayingi.

-ingi and ayingi are used intensively or emphatically without the Nouns they qualify they take the Prefix proper to the Noun with which they agree, and prefaced to that, the Article, in all but the first class.
Class2

When

3&4
owingi owayingi
emingi emi ayingi

s&6
ekingi ekiayingi
eyingi

7&8
edingi ediayingi

Sing,

eyingi eyayingi
ezingi

okwingi okwayingi

Plur.

ezayingi
Class-

eyayingi

omengi omayingi

omengi omayingi

xo&ii

Sing.

oluingi oluayingi

otwingi otwayingi

952

These Adjectives are derived from the root onso, and might perhaps be more properly written -ail onso, as in the case of the other word for all, -au ekuln. All the things lekwa yau ekuln, or lekwa yau onso. The form awonso
:

has, however, been preferred. This derivation accounts for an apparent irregularity in these Adjectives from onso ; for when used in the singular, as an equivalent of the whole, only the Secondary Form is used.

E nzo yawonso (or yau ekulu) nsongonia nkutu The whole house was nothing but driver ants (full of them).
:

nti

wawonso uwumini:
with the plural of the
;

The

plural of the
this

The whole tree is dry. Secondary Form being identical

distinction
in

Primary Form,

the plural
in

is

not noticeable
j, 2, 3,

it

is

only

apparent in the singular, and even then only

In the Secondary

Classes
first

and

4.

Form

of the plural of the

class there are

two forms,

awonso, or yawonso; they is not characteristic of the plural of the first class, but it is clearly yau onso, and goes to further establish the above conclusion
as to the derivation of -awonso.

wantu awonso

bazolele o

kwenda:
:

All the people want to go.

Yawonso akwa masumu

All are guilty.

Konso, any, each, is most probably derived from the same root, onso a contraction of ku-onso.
Kibeni.

being

Kibeni must be classed as an Indeclinable Adjective

its

prime sense

is,

usual, ordinary, customary, in general use, regular, normal.

mvwatu
The ordinary

kibeni

clothing.

Nwiza muna lumbu kibeni kia nlongo: Come on the regular day for medicine. I etona kibeni dia wivwa wau:
This
is

the normal colour of these mushrooms.

it is

When

used with the Personal Pronouns,

expressed in English by the

Suffix -self, or with the Possessive

Pronouns by own.
:

Kwiza kekwiza yandi kibeni

He

himself

is

coming.

Yeno kibeni nuvovele wo: You, your own selves said so.

nzo andi kibeni mpe ividi His own house too is burnt.
o nlele
cloth.

Bakutumwini

ame kibeni

They took away my own

There
is
is

a Demonstrative

SECONDARY NUMERALS, DEMONSTRATIVE FORM. Form of the Secondary Numerals from

its

made by

prefixing the Article (proper to

class) to the

1-9, which Secondary Form

;

(953
the sense thus imparted
is

that of the emphasized Definite Article before a

:

Numeral,

in

English

thus
zole

Primary.
Secondary. Demonstrative.

Nzo

Zizole

zambote zambote
:

Two good houses. Two are good or,

;

J Ezizole
)

Zam fo

te

' :

The tW
ones.

are g

two good ones. d r the tw g

'

>

Secondary.

When
vowels, y before

the Article

w
i.

is applied to Prefixes having a vowel or y, intervene between the Article and the Prefix

initial,
;

the Semi-

w before

U, and

+ imosi becomes

e+itatu + utanu

eyimosi, eyitatu,

one of them, the one.

five of

owutanu,

three of them, the three. them, the five.

Mima nkombo

zame, bonga

zizole, ezizole
:

zakondwa

mpaka,
those.

ke zau ko
;

Ke

From among my goats, take two the two without horns, not tusolwele e lekwa yaku yawonso ko, kansi eyitanu i yau yiyi
:

oyikidi,

We
form.

have not found

all

your things, but here are the

five
is

you mentioned.

The sense

of a certain (one, two, &c.) in particular,

also implied
:

by

this

We
Muna

Twele ye

mfumu

eyiinosi,

Kumpaya

went with a certain chief (named) Kumpaya.

Something happened

evata edimosi mubwidi e diambu dia kutulukisa: in a certain town to warn us.

E dinkondo

edimosi:

certain plantain.

muntu omosi: A certain man.

In the case of the Numerals from 10 upwards, the Numerals mentioned become Nouns, and precede.

makumole

ma wantu: The 20 men.

:

mazunda mole ye nkama tatu za ngombe kafutiswa The 2,300 cattle which he had to pay.
nzole.

There is another secondary form of the Numeral two, in the ist class, o It is also used of living nzole, a couple, two; it is a noun of the 4th class.
creatures.

nzole

wina muna nzo wan:

are in the house now.
in joining

Two
[p.

572.]

Ye and yo

Numerals.

hundreds, and thousands, are ye and The ye before the yo, according to the class of the Numeral following.
in joining tens,

The Conjunctions used

Numerals bearing the Prefixes ma- and

lu-,

on pp. 572 and 573, are

errata.

Matadi nkama yo makumatanu yo mematatu:

153 stones.

THE PRONOUN.
[P- 578.]

SUBJECTIVE PRONOMINAL PREFIXES.

FIRST PERSON SINGULAR.

The

or n, in the present indefinite indicative ; but in the present perfect nasal, indicative and future indefinite subjunctive, it is the light nasal.
Pres. indef. indie.

Subjective Pronominal Prefix of the

first

person singular

is

the heavy

Pres. perf. indie.

Put. indef. subj.

nyambula, nwanda,
nlanda, nata,

I I

leave
strike

ngyambwidi, ngwende,
;

I left I

struck

ngyambula, ngwanda,
;

that that

I I

follow

ndende,
ndete,

I I

followed
carried
;

ndanda,
ndata,

that
that

carry

nsumba,

buy

nsumbidi,

bought

nsumba,

that

may leave, may strike, may follow, may carry, may buy.

In applying the Pronominal Prefix of the ist person singular to the Adjective (see p. 578), there are two forms in the Negative, kianene ko, and ki wanene ko, / am not great.

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL.

The
plural
Prefixes, e-

so also a;

and ke-, of the 3rd person singular, are used indiscriminately, and ka- but e- is also an alternative of be- in the 3rd person
;

so

is

a- of ba-.
;

It follows,

then, that the shortest forms of the singular

and

this is confusing, and it is therefore advisable to use the full forms, ke-, ka-, be-, ba-, to avoid all obscurity, and especially so since

plural are identical

It is true that these forms are used much more widely through the country. ka-, Positive, is identical with the ka- of the Unnatural Negative (p. 607) but there is an accent on the latter ka-, which effectively distinguishes it.
;

Kavila, he perished
It is

kavila, that he
in

may

not perish.

adopting a style, and the full they are, however, used indiscriminately, in the same sentence, by the natives of San Salvador and its
necessary to choose

forms are preferable for

between the forms the above reasons

neighbourhood.

or its pronoun, is page 647 mentioned immediately before a Verb in the third person, the Pronominal when the subject is not mentioned immediPrefix is o or (before a vowel) ately before the Verb, and the Prefix is its only representative, ke-, e-, ka-, or
it

On

is

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR, 6- OR ka-. noted that when a personal subject,

;

a-

is

used.

This

may

more precise

serve as a general rule, but further study reveals the following The Prefix o- or w- (before a vowel), or u- immediately rules.

955

before an Objective Pronominal Prefix, is, for convenience in treating the subject, here referred to as the Prefix in o ; while the Prefixes ke- or e-, kaor a-, are referred to as the Prefix in k.
1.

When

is

absent, the Prefix in o-

the Subject immediately precedes the Predicate, or even is used, in a simple statement.

when

it

nleke aku osasukidi Your boy has recovered. muntu, ona bayikidi, ofwidi The man they mentioned is dead.
:

Wina kwandi muna nzo andi: He is in his house. Ee diambu ko, wenda kwandi
Never mind, he may go. Ofongele vana ezandu He sat on the market place.
:

the Object precedes the Verb, the Prefix in k is used, unless the further represented by an Objective Pronominal Prefix, or an Objective Pronoun after the Verb, in which case the Prefix is o.
2.

When
is

Object

He He

Mbizi kasumbidi: has bought some meat.

o tunga:

Nzo andi kazolele

wants

to build his house.

He He

Ntete andi kayekekele muna nzo: basket up against the house. Mwana andi kezidi wukisa has come to have his child medically treated.
set his carrier's
:

Kinkutu kiaku kewomalanga

He
He

is

ironing your coat.

:

Edi kabenze vo tukwenda

thought that we were going
(lit.

he thought, that, &c.). Edi kavovele vo mbazi betala kio He said that they should see it to-morrow.
this
:

Edi kazolele, kenda o unu

He
IVhere the Object
is

wants to go to-day.

further represented.
kadi, o

E kuma

nkanda ame osumbidi wo

:

Because he bought my book. E nzo andi kibeni oyokele yo

He

burnt his

own

house.
:

Okalokala, e ntumbu, osolwele yo At length he found the needle.

mwana
He
3.

andi kibeni, umvondele

killed his

When

the

Verb

is

own child. its own Infinitive Noun, preceded by

the Prefix

is

always in k.

956

Kwiza kekwiza

coming. Yela keyelanga kikilu:

He

is

He

is

very sick. o

Teka keteka kio

mbatu

He

will sell

it

later

on

in the day.

4. The Interrogative Pronouns, aweyi, adieyi, ameyi, &c., nki, nkia, require the Prefix in k.

kwa,

Aweyi kavovele ? What did he say ? Nki kasumbidi ? What has he bought ? Nkia muntu kabokele? What man did he call ?
is

When a Subjunctive Clause is brought in by VO or OVO, that; or when understand, the Prefix in k is used but when the Clause introduced is the Indicative Mood, the Prefix in o is used.
5.
;

it

in

Subjunctive.

Nzolele vo kenda
I

wish that he should go.

Tuvovele vo keza:

We

said that he should come.

:

Edi bavovele vo kenda o mbazi They said that he should go to-morrow. Edi tuzolele katoma kio nata: What we want is that he should carry it carefully.

He
Indicative.

TJtulombele o nswa, ovo, kenda: asked of us permission to go (that he might

:

go).

Edi bavovele vo, okwenda o mbazi They said that he will go to-morrow. Nzolele kala vo wenda, kansi owau e ntangwa isakidi: I wish that he had gone, but now it is too late.
Edi tubenze otoma kio nata:

We thought that
6.

he would carry

it

carefully.

The normal position of an Adverb or Adverbial Clause is following its Verb, and when it so appears, the Verb takes the Prefix in o (unless some other There are, however, some Adverbs which rule supervenes to the contrary). always precede their Verb, and when they are thus in their normal position, preceding the Verb, they also are followed by the Prefix in o. The following are
the Adverbs referred to
:

nangu (perhaps), okalokala, e elelo, kwakwiziwa, oku kwatukwa, and

Adverbs.

bosi, deke, kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi, e ntete, oku kwakwendewa, oku other variations of these last three

There are other Adverbs which precede their Verb, and also cause it to these induce the Prefix in k. assume the Applied Form They are as follows diau, dianu, i diau, i dianu, i, e kuma, i kuma kiki, nkia
;
:

(957

kuma, ndu

mu mu

nkia
nki,

kuma

mu

and like combinations with bila, elonda, and eyankia diambu, adieyi. The Adverbial Particles,' se, sa,
in

sanga, and singa, also require the Prefix in k. When any other Adverb precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix applied to the Verb.
\dverbs in

is

normal position.

Wele

fuku muna nkonda

:

He

went hunting by night.

Osumbidi yo o unu

bought it to-day. Kasikila ofila e mpaka Perhaps he will raise objections.

:

He

Wele kwandi kuna nzo

He

is

gone

to the house.

Ofongele vana etadi: He sat on the stone.

Ovangidi dio

muna diambu
it

dieto:

He

did

for

our sake.

Ovene kio

kwa
it

yeto

He

gave

to us.
:

Okalokala umvene wo At last he gave it to him.

Adverbs requiring the Applied Form.

Dianu kayambulwidi

e ngolo zandi:

Therefore he abandoned his opposition (strength). I kazolele wo : That is why he wants it.

Mu
I

kuma kendele? Why did he go ? kuma kiki kasumbidi kio

nkia
That
is

why he bought
is

it.

That
The Particles mentioned.

I kezidi why he came.

:

Sa kenda:

He

will

soon go.
:

Sanga kavutula wo

He

will

soon return

it.

Ordinary Adverb preceding, and therefore in abnormal position.

Malembe kekwendanga:

He

goes gently.
:

Malu-malu kele

He is gone on foot. Mbatu kekwiza: He will come presently.

3

958

Fuku

kele

omu nkonda

At night he went stalking game. " Attributes of the 7. It is noted in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under the Subject The Article," in Rule 38, that the following Adverbs of time, when preceding their Verb, and especially emphatic, take the Article in that case they take the Prefix in o instead of that in k. The Adverbs in question are
; :

o fuku, o e elelo.

mbanu,

nganu, o mbatu, o ngatu, o masika, o mbazi,

o unu,

mbazi okwiza To-morrow he will come. fuku wele kuna evata diandi
:

He

went by night

to his town.

unu otekele kio: He sold it to-day.

8. is

When

applied, but where there

an Adverbial Clause precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix is no emphasis at all, the Prefix in o is used.

in

Ngyenda zingi kele: He went often.

Kuna nzo kele He went to the house. Vana etadi kafongele He sat on the stone.
:

Muna diambu
He
He
is

dieto kavangidi dio: For our sake he did it.

Muna nlungu
went and

kele

vwanda
:

sat in the canoe.

Kuna
gone

to the place

Kwa
Ke lumbu
It is

tuyikidi kele which we spoke yeto kavene kio

:

of.

He gave it to us. kiantete ko, o Kalemba, kekungikanga vo

makangu mandi:
first

not the

day that Kalemba

is

calling

me

his friend.

Ngika zingi kangikidi wo:

Many
I

times he has so spoken of me.

in

ndunganisa
This
is

yiyi, o

the

way

Nzambi, kalunganisi owu kavovele: which God has fulfilled what He said.

No

emphasis.

Kansi

muna diambu
But
for our

dieto ovangidi dio sake he did it.

Muna maka mambu

He was
thankful for

otondele:
things.
:

some

Ezaka ntangwa okwizanga

Sometimes he comes.

Kiau kolo eki

During
this

olele

time he

slept.

959

9-

The Verb

in a Relative

Clause takes the Prefix

in k.

mfumu

The Bakatwidi e kiandu kina kafongele o nkento: They took away the chair on which the woman sat.
I nsadisa kansadisi, o

o nlele katusongele: chief wishes to give us the cloth which he showed us.

ozolele o

kutuvana

Mpukuta:
:

This

is

the

way

in

which Mpukuta helped me.

Obongele konso eki kazolele

He
They gave me

took whatever he liked.

e

Bamvene

ntaku zina kayikidi

:

the brass rods which he directed.

Zina kanete ke zifwene ko Those which he took were insufficient.

To.

After

yambula,

let,

or

its

abbreviated form, mbula, the Prefix in

is

employed.

Nunyambula kenda:
Let him go.

Mbula kakota:
Let him enter.

Yambula kateka
Let him eat
11.

dia:

first.

The

following Conjunctions induce the Prefix in k:

Kasi

own

but now...
:

Kimana, kinumana so that, in order that. Kufwila owu 0rwau...ko although, even if. Mpasi, mpasi owu (but not mpasi ovo) so long as, but only. Mpasi yavana nevertheless, all the same, even then, still, yet. Musungula, ngatu nor, neither (i.e. after a negative clause). Nanga, nangi, nangu: unless, if not, except.
: : : :

nlongo

Una

since,

mpasi. when, as, while, as or so soon

as... so.
:

as, after.

Una... una:

Vava, Ova

(but not OVO)

that, since,

Wau Wau

now
: :

when, after, as or so soon as. when, as, while, as or so soon as.

kadi

now
:

that, because.

Ovo wau
:

if so, in

that case.

WOWO...WQWO Yavana until,

The
followed by the Prefix in

as... so.

before, so that.

other Conjunctions (so far as they have been at present obtained) are
o.

Kufwila

wau kele ko Although he has gone.

Mpasi kenda kaka
So long as he So
that he
:

goes.

Kimana keza:
may come.

96o)
:

Una kavovele wo When he said that.

Ova kesumba kio
:

When

he buys

it.

Wan. kazolele kala, wau kena As he wanted to be, so he is. Yavana kekwiza
:

Until he comes.

Oyangalele wau kekwenda: is happy now that he is going. Una kavovele wo, oyambwidi e mpaka zandi: When he said that, he did not further object.

He

Ngatu

mwana
Neither

ankazi kasunda o
is

ngwa

and! ankazi

a nephew superior to his uncle.

will

Musungula kanusadisa:
Neither

he help you.
call

Ova keluaka, umbokela:

When

he arrives,

me.
:

Vava kasolwele kio, kiese kamwene When he found it, he was delighted. Yavana kavewa o nswa, kayenda ko
Until he had permission, he did not go.

Kufwila own kafntidi e mfnka ko, o nzuka usidi Even if he paid the debt, the interest remains (unpaid).
After the other Conjunctions.
or

Ovo o Nzambi otoma kunsadisa: Nzambi, ovo otoma knnsadisa

:

If

God

helps

me

well.

mfumu

aku, ovo ozolele o sumba o If your chief wants to buy salt.

If

mungwa:
:

Ovo o mpangi ame okwikidi wo

my

brother agrees to

it.

Ovo tukuntnma, okwenda: If we send him, he will go. Ovo otumini o nleke andi
If

he sent his servant.

:

Kala wenda, nga ovulukidi

If

he had gone, he would have been saved. Kala vo osinsa, nga ovangidi edi mpovele: If he had tried, he would have done what I said.

Kana okwenda, kana

Whether he goes
12.

osala, ke diambu ko: or stays, it does not matter.

was,
there

The Prefix in k is used after i bosi, after that, then, and the next thing but when c., when the Verb follows it immediately, without any pause
;

is

a pause (comma) after the

bosi, the Prefix in o

is

used.

In the

first

(961
case, the matter introduced

by i bosi simply follows on in the course of things, without any special importance, while in the latter case, i bosi commences a fresh sentence, or stage in the proceedings, and introduces a new' matter of
importance.

I bosi katusongele e nzo andi After that he showed us his house.

I bosi kambokele Then he called him.

Toma kunsonga,
Show him

carefully,

bosi kevanga kio then he will do it.

After pause. I bosi, otadidi e lekwa yawonso kavangidi In the next place he looked at all the things which he had made.
:

I bosi, otombokele, wele kuna evata diandi: After this, he came up, and went to his town.

The next

I bosi, oyuvwidi edi dia Mpongi: stage in the proceedings was this, he asked about Mpongi's

affair.

I bosi, okotele, o muntu akaka... After this, another man came in (and then...).
:

OBJECTIVE PRONOMINAL PREFIXES. The Objective Pronominal Prefix of the 1st person singular nasal, m or n, in all moods and tenses.
[p. 578.]

is

always the light

Kundata Kandata Kandete

to carry

me.

that he

may

carry me.

he carried me.

PRONOMINAL PARTICLES.
the top of page 579 there is a list of Pronominal Particles used when a Noun stands in apposition to a Personal Pronoun ; the list has been deranged in the printing, and should read as follows

On

Person.
I.

Singular.
i.
TI.

Plural.
tu,

twa, tu

a.

II.
It is

nu, nwa,

nu

a.

better to write these as separate Particles, rather than as Prefixes.

Kadi ongeye u mfumu

Because you are a chief. Mono i nleke aku:
I

am

your servant.

[p. 579.]

EMPHATIC PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

The Emphatic Personal Pronouns, i'twame, kwandi, kwau, c., are idiomatically used with the Infinitive in the manner illustrated by the following The ist & 2nd persons singular and plural are perfectly normal in sentences.
their

they refer to living creatures

employment, and the 3rd persons singular and plural also, in so far as but kwandi is used both in the singular and
;

9 62

kwau plural in reference to inanimate objects, and the vegetable kingdom never being used in reference to inanimate objects, only of living creatures.
;

Oyandi mpe, kwenda kwandi

He too is to go. Ezaka ntangwa a mpuku mpe, bakama kwau:

Sometimes
rats too are caught.
:

mankondo mpe, diwa kwandi

Plantains too are edible.

Oyeto aleke mpe, zonza kweto:

We

children too quarrel.

:

Omono mpe sumba kwame

I

too will buy.

Oyeno mpe fwa kweno konso lumbu: You too will die some day.

Kwandi.

Kwandi

is

often used in a reassuring sense, as only

is

used

in

English.

Nlemvo kwandi:
It is

only

Mbwa
Only a dog (supposed
to

Nlemvo (it is all kwandi:

right).

have been something worse).

yo.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS COMBINED WITH

The combinations
given on page 581. the head of the sentence, the Preposition is the Verb. These Pronouns are as follows
Person.
I.

of the Personal Pronouns with the Conjunction yo are* When the Personal Pronoun is brought for emphasis to
still

combined with a Pronoun

Plural.

after

Singular.

II.

yame yaku

yau

in all persons.

III.

yandi J Mono ketuka kiyanga yame He was just walking with me.

It is

1 yandi kazolele nwana yandi with him that he wants to fight.

:

Yeto kamonanini yau:

He
It

(saw) stopped and talked with us.

:

///., It

I yeno kasauziana yau was between you and him that there was such ill-feeling. was you with whom he entertained the mutual aversion (with

you).

Kadi yeto kadidi yau

For he
[p. 585.]

ate with us.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.

The

Prefix a-, kieyi, weyi, &c. The Prefix aevidences a desire or need to know.

Interrogative Pronouns akieyi, aweyi, &c., may appear without the adds force to the question, and

963

In making an inquiry as to the comparative size, &c., of several things, the things are stated, and the question may then be framed as though the things were persons that is to say, Personal Pronouns and even Nouns may be used
;

in the question

the Interrogative Pronoun proper to the Class of the things

may

also be used, instead of the Personal Interrogative.

Vana vena

malonga mau amatanu, nani i mote or adieyi diwete ? Which is the most beautiful of those three plates ? Andieyi or nki i nene, e nzo vo, ovo e kiandu kina mo? Which is the greater, the house or the chair which is in it ?
o
;

[p. 585.]

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
POSITIONS.

positions of the three forms of the better explained as follows

:

The

Kongo Demonstrative Pronouns

are

Although, in English, there are only two Positions recognised by the Demonstratives, here and there ; this and that ; these and those ; there are in Kongo three Positions recognised.

The

First Position

is

used of that which

:

is

close to the speaker, just as the

First Position in English

The Second The

Position
:

is

eki, this; eyi, these; oku, here. used in reference to that which is with or near to the

person addressed

ekio, that (where you are) ; eyo, those ; oko, there. Third Position regards that which is at a distance remote from both the
:

speaker and the person addressed

[p. 587.]

ekina, that- eyina, those; kuna, there.

EMPHATIC DEMONSTRATIVES.
awowo,
those, there is

In the First and Second

the form,

Emphatic Forms, ist class, plural, 2nd position, beside an alternative form in use, awoyo.

The Emphatic Demonstratives used after the Particle i, given on page 589, have only the forms of the ist position tabulated, as the forms of the 2nd and
be made, however, in the case of the
3rd positions are identical with those of the First Emphatics exception must ist class, which are as follows
;
:

Singular.
ist Position,
i i i

Plural.

2nd

yd

yandi yuyu, yandi yoyo, yandi yuna,

this is

that that

is is

he he he

i i

yau yaya, yau yoyo, yau yana,

these are they.

those are they. those are they.

ADVERBS.
[p. 606.]

Dianu, diau.

Dianu, diau, i dianu, and i dian, for this reason, therefore, that is why, always require the Applied Form of the Verb which they modify but dianu VO and dian VO, therefore, so, are Conjunctions, and have no such influence.
;

I dianu basumbila kio That is why they bought it.

:

Dianu wendela

Go
That

for that very reason.

Diau nzolele tungila e nzo akaka: is why I wish to build another house. Kwenda yadi kwenda, kansi, mbwene o muntu umpovese vo, Kwendi ko; dianu vo, kikwenda diaka ko I should have gone, but I saw some one who told me not to go, so I am not
:

Yansadisa nsadisa
I

going any more. diau vo nzolele kansadisa owau: have often helped him, so I want him to help me now.
zingi,

Adi.

Adi, once, appears as an Adverb, as well as the root of the Auxiliary Verb
-adi.

Adi tu mfumu, kansi owau tu mpasi wantu We were chiefs, but now we are common people.
Kiamakulu.

Kiamakulu, for good, once for all, finally, definitely, requires the Applied Form of the Verb which it modifies, when it is emphatic, and figures as the
most important point of the remark
;

otherwise the Simple

it is
it

Form

of the Verb

may be

used.

When it appears in a question, or a reply, or without the Applied Form, accordingly as

preceded by

its article e,

with

may be emphatic

or otherwise.

Nga osumhila

Will you buy

kio e kiamakulu e? it then right out ?

Blo kadi, e kiamakulu nsumbila kio: Yes, I will buy it right out. Tuteka kunsindikila kiamakulu, i bosi...: We will first send him off for good, and then....

Ozevo nukwikididi dio kiamakulu e So you agreed to it definitely ?

965

LOCATIVE ADVERBS.
the Locative Adverbs follow immediately upon an Intransitive Verb, either in a positive or negative sentence, they assume a shortened form, ko, VO,

When

mo;

unless the Locative

is

emphatic.
to,

stances than those above referred

When emphatic, or under other circumthey assume the ordinary forms.

:

Wele ko

has gone there. Fonga kafongele vo: He sat on it.

He

Then

I bosi badiukidi mo: they entered into it (therein).

:

Kizolele ko kwenda ko I do not want to go there.

Knkoti

mo kwaku ko Do not enter.

:

After

<i

Transitive, the ordinary forms.

Nata kio kuna

Carry it there. Kuna kasisidi kio:

He

left it

there.

THE PREPOSITION.
LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONS.
noted on page 609 that when the Locatives are used before a Noun expressing a living creature, kwa, or some combination of kwa with oku, kuna, this requires to be modified in the &c., is the only form of Locative admissible case of such Verbs as naturally take mima after them, as kwikila muna, to
It is
;

believe in; sia e

sibility

upon; dia
is

VUVU muna, to rely on; yekeka muna, to throw the respone mpaku muna, to levy a tax upon; in such cases some
kwa.
eto ko:
believe in our Lord.

form of muna

used, rather than

Ke bekwikilanga muna Mfumu

They do not
I

muna Makitu

basidi e

vuvu

They relied upon Makitu. Bayekekele e diambu diau omu mono They made me responsible for their affair.

Mu
On
Vana
is

esi nsi

bedilanga

mpaku

the people of the country they levy the tax.

occasionally used in the

same way.

Bafukidi eteva vana

mfumu wau
mat

kalele

They covered
,

the chief with a

as he slept.

The

Locative Prepositions assume abbreviated forms

:

when they immediately

follow the Verb, in Negative Clauses. The forms are ku, va, mu, without any Article Prefix, or sign of Position. The Objective Pronoun intervening

does not prevent the use of these forms. but their presence is emphatic.

The lengthened forms

:

are admissible,

Kizolele kota mu nzo andi ko I do not want to enter his house.

Kufongi va eteva diame ko

Do
I

not

sit

on

my

mat.
:

Kiele

ku evata ko

did not go to the town.

Ke mu diambu

dieto ko: Not on our account.

:

Kuvovela ku makasi ko

Do

not speak angrily (in anger).

Kala kuna

There remain.

diately

These shortened forms very often appear when the Preposition follows immeon the Verb, when there is no idea of position implied also in a reply
;

I
as
to,

(967)
from
or in where, or into what,

when

the

Locative

commences the

sentence.

Obudidi zo

mu mu

nzimbu

He exchanged them
fuku wele

for beads.

nkonda:
:

At night he went hunting. Ku evata kele

He

is

Mu
He

gone to the town. nkele kasidi wo

put
it

in the box.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.
Further Prepositional Phrases should be added to those given on page 612
;

among them

...ke..., ...by..., from... to... ,

yamu.
e e

,ya.

.,

. .

.by

. .

.,

from.

muna nzinguluka

a,

ofpast time only. ., offuture time only. round, in the environment of.
.

.to.

kikaka yo or muna, vaudi yo or muna,

)
]

In the case of the two latter phrases,

things.

yo

is

used with persons,

:

muna

with

Lumbu ke lumbu kezidi He came day by day. Bemona o wete yamu mvu ya mvu:
They
will

Bafongele

be happy for ever (year by year). muna nzinguluka a nkisi They sat round the fetish.
:

Sia kio e kikaka muna mbele zakaka: Put it apart from the other knives.

Nukala

e vaudi yo wantu awaya: Keep separate from these people.

Muna

nsi a ntima.

In the Prepositional phrase, muna nsi a ntima, the Noun, nsi a ntima, is not a Compound Noun, nsi-a-ntima ; but where it is qualified by a Possessive

Pronoun, the Pronoun follows immediately after the

Noun

nsi, not after

ntima.

Muna
From,
at

nsi andi a ntima:

or to the bottom of his heart.

Ya, ye, yo.

The

rules as to the combination of the Article in this

found in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under

"The

Preposition will be Attributes of the Subject."

For an idiomatic use of ya, ye, yo, see page 932, under ya.

Mu nsangi a. nsangi a implies in commixture with, together with, combined with, and hence becomes almost equivalent to the English ConjuncThe
Preposition

mu

tions, as

well

as,

and, also.

Omwene o wonga mu nsangi a He had some fear together with

kiese:
joy.

THE CONJUNCTION.
[p.

6 1 6.]

OVO,
the Conjunction OVO,
it is
it

if,

when.

When

uncertainty is implied, Perfect tense, or when

to take place in

is
;

*/, when, is used with the Present Indefinite tense, then equivalent to if; but when it is used with the followed by se, the event, though yet future, is sure
it is

due course

then better expressed by when.

Ovo okwiza, umbokela:

If

he comes,

call

me.
:

Ovo wizidi, umbokela

When
Ovo
se

he comes,
is

call

me.

kekwiza
he

(s'ekwiza),

umbokela
me.
:

When
If
I

coming,

call

Ovo ikumbaka, mpasi kemona

catch him, he will " see" trouble.

ivovele, the bell rings,

Ovo

ngunga

kwiza nkwiza:
I

When
Ovo

will

come.

se beluaka,

tuzaya wo:

When
If
[p.

they arrive, we shall

i
tell

know

it.

Ovo olembi kunsamunwina,

you do not
me, that
6 1 6.]

maku momo:
be your
fault.

will

Vo,

OVO, that.

page 616 it is noted that VO is used as a Conjunction, equivalent to that, after Verbs of ordering, informing, saying, knowing, wishing, thinking, &c. When VO is far separated from its Verb, it takes the Prefix of its Article, and

On

becomes OVO, and

is

preceded by a

comma

(or the

pause

it

represents).
:

Edi katusamunwini, yeto aleke, ovo, mbazi tukwenda What he told us boys was that we are going to-morrow.

Wenda kunsamunwina kuna kimfundu-mfundu, ovo, yandi mvinganga Go and whisper to him that I am waiting for him.
Musungula.

especially, as well as, as well, also, when it connects with Positive sentences, but neither, nor, certainly not, when it connects with a

Musungula means

Negative clause.

Awonso bekwenda, musungula yandi

All go,

and he

will also.
:

Ze ngeye
Not

ko,

musungula yandi
certainly not he.

you,

and

969

Ngatu.

Ngatu

is

used

in the

same way

as

musungula, but

after

Negative clauses

Kuyiyi ko ngatu vova o luvunu:

Do

not steal nor

tell lies.

Musungula and ngatu. These Conjunctions are followed by the Verb in the Infinitive Mood in reference to past and present time but in reference to future time, only the Future kwiza and kwenda only take the Consequent Subjunctive may be used
;

Future Indefinite tense.

bele ko, ngatu sinsa o kwenda They neither went nor tried to go. Kikusadisa ko musungula yavovesa diambu
:

Ke

will

not help you, neither will

say anything to you.

:

Kalendi tuma ko, ngatu kwiza

He
[p.

can neither send nor come.

617.]
is

Una.
only used of past time.

Una

Una ngyele When I went.

:

-nkwa, -nkwa kala.

-nkwa or -nkwa kala, when they take the Prefix proper to the Object of the previous sentence, or a Locative Prefix, imply lest, forfear that, in case of ...ing,
in case that.

kanga

nkombo zinkwa taya:

lest

PToma

Tie the goats carefully,

they run away,

-nkwa kala

vo.

This Conjunction, when it takes the Prefixes proper to diambu (di-), uma (U-), or kuma (ki-), implies a probability existent if perhaps, if indeed, in the
;

event of having, in case that, if it is so that.

Dinkwa kala vo nwayenda

If

indeed you went (as you

say).

THE VERB.
THE
Verbs
in

PASSIVE VOICE.
in

Forms

in

aya have most of them a Passive Form iwa and yua, given on page 620.
Active.

awa,

as well as the

Passive.
;

Baya, to shine Taya, to escape Kaya, to divide

bawa,
;

tawa,

light shine at. to have... escape from.

to

have the

kawa,

to

be divided.

Zaya, to know, and laya, to wink, do not form their Passives with awa, but take zayiwa, and zayua, and lay iwa. Tima and va, to yield, bear (fruit), do not use the Passive for that which is yielded, the Active is used in such case va is never used in the Passive at all
;

but

yimwa

is

used of the place in which the tree bears.

nti wau yima kikilu: This tree bears wonderfully.

Nsafu zingi zayima omu nti wau:

Many

nsafu were yielded by this

tree.

E kiana

kieto

kiayimwa nguba

zingi

Our garden yielded a large crop of ground-nuts. E kiana kieto ke kivanga diaka ko Our garden no longer yields. nti wau ke uva diaka ko
: :

This tree

will

not bear any more.

PASSIVE VERBS BEARING AN OBJECTIVE PREFIX.

a singular usage of the Passive Voice, which wears an aspect of irregularity, in that it is marked by the possession of an Objective Pronominal

There

is

It implies that the action is performed with something which is the Prefix. property of the individual referred to by the Objective Prefix, without his (&c.) consent.

Kututungwa Kutubongwa Kutuvewa

:

of ours to be

built.

of ours to be taken. of ours to be given

:

to....

E nzimbu zatuvewa kwa Tata

Our money which was given by somebody else E nzo yantungwa kwa mfumu
The house of mine
(partly built)

to Father.

which some one

for the chief.
970

built (finished the building of)

971

E mbele yabongwa kwa Kulu E

ntete

That knife ofyours which was taken by Kulu.

mianukutumunwa kuna Ntampa

The bundles of yours which were seized at Ntampa. luse luandi lumene kunsumamwa kwa nsende
His brow was
all

pierced with thorns.

to Nzinga.

Kina kiampewa kwa Nzinga:

That of mine which was given
[p.

621.]

THE MIDDLE
Intransitive

VOICE.

Many Middle Voice and

Adverbial Adjunct.

since they appear to be followed

Verbs appear to be Active Transitives, by an Object but such Object is really an

;
:

Bangama
Fonga
e

mwini

to

be roasted
sit

in the sun.

mbadi: Kwenda o main-main

[p.

to
:

in

mbadi
foot.

cloth.

to

go on

621.]

THE FORMATION OF THE MIDDLE

made
:

VOICE.
used

following additions have also to be in the formation of the Middle Voice

The

to the tables of suffixes

SUFFIXES.
Active.

EXAMPLES.
Active.

Middle.

Middle.

-izieka
-idila

-aziama

vangizieka
tatidila

-amena

vangaziama tatamena
zikamena.

zikidila
[p.

627.]
is
i,
;

THE APPLIED FORM.

used sometimes
in

The Applied Form

and ne
i,

combination with wail,

so, like this.;

ne...i,

nze

nze...i, like.

Tunga,

to build

tungila wau,

to build in this

manner

(like this).

Nani otungilanga

nzo andi wau:

Who
Ke

is

building his house like this.

:

tulendi bakila nsnsu wau ko We cannot catch a fowl like this.

Nzolele nwasonekena
I

wau

want you to write like this. Ne i nzo ame otungila yo: Like my house you must build it.

Ne luvuma lua titi i kevempokela: Like the flower of the grass he perishes.
far

an Adverb which induces the Verb to assume the Applied Form is removed from the Verb by some intervening clause, the Adverb loses its influence, and the Verb assumes the Simple Form.
1 diau didi, ovo o mfumu ozolele wo, ntwika yo Therefore, if the chief is willing, I will send it.
:

When

kuma

kiki,

wau

For

this reason,

because he so taught

katulongela wo, tuzitaziananga us, \ve respect one another.

:

972

THE PASSIVE OF THE APPLIED FORM.

629, the sense implied by the Passive of the Applied Thus illustrated by the Verb bakila, to catch for.
:

On page

Form

is

mfumu wabakilwa
The
It is

chief
:

e nsusu had the fowl caught for him.

:

also possible to say

E nsusu yabakilwa
The
fowl

mfumu:
:

was caught for the chief. E nsusu yambakilwa The fowl was caught for him.

In this

way

the Passive

Verb may have a Secondary Object brought

in

by

the Applied Form.

[p. 631.]
is

THE CAUSATIVE FORM.

a singular use of the Causative

Form with many Verbs, by which There the idea of assistance or fellowship is imparted, rather than an idea of causation the usage in no way precludes the use and sense of the ordinary Causative
;

with the Verb.

help (generally)

From

sala, to work, comes sadisa, to help in work, to as well as sadisa, to cause to work. yela, to be sick, comes yelesa, to help in sickness, i.e. to nurse ; as well

Thus from

as yelesa, to

make

sick.
:

Other instances are

Didisa

to
:

weep with (those who weep).

Kembesa
Natisa Bakisa
So
that the Causative
: :

to rejoice with (those to help to carry. to help to catch.

who

rejoice).

Form

implies causation or assistance.

[p. 634.]

THE RECIPROCAL FORM.

is

The Reciprocal Form

the mutual idea
is

used more often

it

in

Kongo than
stated.
:

in

English

when

unavoidably present,

must be

Ngyele monana yandi

I

went to see him.

Ozolele

bundana yame
to fight with

He
The following forms

wants

me.

are applied to Verbs having suffixes in la, na, and

ma

SUFFIXES.
Simple. ela
Reciprocal.

EXAMPLES.
Simple.
Reciprocal.

elaziana

ena
ila

enaziana
ilaziana

bokela tonena sambila

bokelaziana tonenaziana sambilaziana

ima
ina

imaziana imiana
inaziana

yidima
tanina

yidimaziana yidimiana taninaziana

973

[p.

635.]

THE REPETITIVE FORM.

Repetitive

The Monosyllabic Verb ta, to do, &c., takes tewolola as its Form kaya, to divide, &c., takes kawulula, to divide repeatedly.
;

[p. 682.]

THE REFLEXIVE FORM.

;

of the Reflexive sometimes conveys the idea of the perance of the action being the prelude to some other action to first... and

Applied Form

Kie
t

He

will

Okuvolela o nkanu, i bosi nukunlonga e? commit some crime, and then you will teach him, eh

he has committed some crime, and then, and not until or you will wait for some crime of his to be the then, will you admonish him prelude to your instructing him properly.

you

will wait until

Bakutiingila vava nzanza wau, i bosi bavakulwisi o wantu awonso They first built on this plateau, and then levied black-mail on all passers-by.

Bekusiimbila o tiya twayingi, i bosi benwana e vita: They will first buy a lot of powder, and then they will fight.

The Negative

of this idiomatic use of the Applied

Form

of the Reflexive

implies that the action was or will be interrupted, or hindered, or not accomplished before something else happened ; did not... before, or will not... before.

E nsusu
///.,

ke ikukokwela ko, walembi kumbona

will see

You

me

before cock crows

the cock will not crow without your seeing me.

Ke bayiluakisidi yandi ko, He died before they got him

Ke tutomene mo kubundila

ofwidi:
there.
:

We
They

did not well thresh

it

ko, e ntangwa ivekele before the sun went down.

Ke bayisumbila
did not buy
it,

kio ko, e
failed
;

nzimbu

zisukidi:

their

money

i.e.,

failed before they could

buy

it.

If the last for their

sentence were a simple statement of

failed,

money

The

Reflexive

basumbila would has also a Causative Form.

:

fact, that they did not have been used instead.

buy

it

Kuwomba
Kutonda
:

Kuwombesa
Kutondesa
:

to get away safely. to get one's self safely out of a scrape. to love one's self.
to

make

one's self loved.

REDUPLICATED VERBS.
Verb Forms should be noted the Reduplicated Form it is, Among referred to on page 687, with some remarks on its Conjugation. In some verbs it has an intensive sense, as from lunga, to take care of comes
the
;

lunga-lunga,

take great care of. that the The more general idea imparted by the Reduplication is this action is or must be performed as quickly as possible, for a short time only, or
to
:

in a short time, that is to say, with tJie least possible delay ; it is an impatient expression, indicative of the fact that until the action is complete and finished
3 S

(974
there will be no peace of

mind

it

is

the Urgent

Form

of the Verb.

Thus we

have from

Tunga, to build Vova, to speak Sumba, to buy

Lamba,

to

cook

tunga-tunga, to build quickly. vova-vova, to speak quickly, briefly. sumba-sumba, to buy quickly, at once. lamba-lamba, to cook at once or quickly.
in all but

Monosyllabic Verbs, and Dissyllables in ia (as dia), are triplicated the Perfect Tenses.
Dia, to eat
;

dia-dia-dia, to eat quickly.

;

Kia, to dawn
Sia, to put Ta, to do, &c.
;

dawn quickly. sia-sia-sia, to put quickly. ta-ta-ta, to do at once.

kia-kia-kia, to
at once, readily.

wa-wa-wa, to listen for a few moments, The Reduplicated Form causes some complication in

Wa,

to

hear

conjugation.

The

Pronominal Prefixes are only applied once.

The Perfect Suffix twice. The Continuative Suffix once. The Objective Pronominal Prefix
:

(if

present)

is

only applied once:

kekutuvana-vananga he is giving us for a few moments. The Verbs kwiza and kwenda retain the Pronominal Prefixes on reduplication, in the

this is

Present Perfect Tenses, and in the Future Indefinite Subjunctive induced by the weakness of the stems, -iza and -enda. (See page 975.)

[p. 642.]

THE PERFECT FORM.

their Perfect in -anini.

Verbs having the termination -ana, form

Simple.

Perfect Active.

Bulangiana
Zolana

bulangianini
zolanini
its

Va,

to

yield

(fruit},

makes

Perfect in vene.

Kia,

to

dawn, grow

light, in kiele.

THE PERFECT OF VERBS

IN la

AND

na,
;

given with their Perfect Forms necessary to call attention to the fact that these forms only result termination is a suffix, and not radical.

On

page 642 a

list

of Suffixes

is

but

it

is

when

the

When

the termination -ula

;

is

suffix, it

makes

its

Perfect according to the

on page 642 but when the -ula is radical, it follows the rule of the Simple Verb thus, in kulula, the termination -ula is a suffix, which has been added to the root kula it therefore makes its Perfect in kulwidi but in the case of bula, fula, kula, lula, sula, tula, vula, and wula, the -ula is part of the Verb, and since it is radical, the Perfect is formed as a regular Verb in u that is to say, by replacing the final a by -idi, the radical 1 becoming d before the i in the suffix. The Perfects, therefore, of these Verbs are budidi, Where the -ula fudidi, kudidi, ludidi, sudidi, tudidi, vudidi, and wudidi. when of more than two syllables it is is radical, the Verb must be dissyllabic a suffix, for no roots have more than two syllables, so there is no
long table
; ; ; ; ;

clearly

difficulty in

The same

recognising the character of the termination. rule applies to the terminations -Una, -Ola, and ona;

when

975

i't'S
r^ r^
(

ce

<&

3 S

t=l

Pi

1*42

S
-3.3
rt o>
i=!

e8
nrf

o>

rt

^
RI

e3

bX>

ee
bfl

ce

rt ce

c3. Tfep

fefeaajB^r^gjaj ,i B >>>rt rt^nd b

p

fflp|

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Tt
**

H **
S

*^

>
'-2

-^i
rt

'5 .S tC T3

G C

976)
but

radical,

the

Perfects

are

-unini, -olele, onene;

when

suffixes,

-wini,

-wele, and -wene.

.Infinitive.

Perfect.

Infinitive.

Perfect.

Kula

Kuna
Kola JKoua

kudidi kunini
kolele

kukula bakuna
sekola

kukwidi bakwini
sekwele

konene

tokona
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Infinitive
:

tokwene

THE
the following sentences illustrate

There are idiomatic usages of the

Mood which need

:

to be noted

them

Eyaka lumbu a nsala mpe bakama kwau Some days cray-fish are caught also.
Elo kadi, e nsafu mpe diwa kwandi: Yes,msafu too are edible.

Omono mpe kwenda kwame

I

too will go.

nti wan yima kikilu: This tree bears very freely.

Oyeno mpe kangama kweno konso lumbu: You too will be tied up some day.

Yau
The

aleke zonza kwingi:

in the

children are very quarrelsome.

The

Infinitive

Form

is

used as a Gerund
:

manner noted on page

714.

Kwiza nkwiza
It is

am

coming.

used as a Noun, or in the "Absolute construction" in the following

:

idioms

luaka

muna lumbu kina

On

the arrival of that day (when that day arrived).

baka muna evata diau, bavavidi

madia:

On

reaching their town, they sought food. tala muna nzo eto, kinga mwankatu: looking into our house, it was (empty) not there.

On

sinsa o vova,

ntungamene kwame
I

When
If

tried to speak,

had nothing to say kwenda, mpasi zankatu:

it

for myself.

you go (on going),

will

be trouble

for nothing.

TENSES.

On

page 649

it

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE. is explained that the Indicative Mood

future time
is

in

Kongo has no

future tense.

Whenever

spoken

of,

the time or circumstances of

the action are distinctly mentioned, and the action is represented as being then to-morrow Instead of saying I will come to-morrow, Kongos say present.
: :

I come;

to say, the time, to-morrow, is stated, and then the action is considered present at the time stated. the action is actually in progress,

that

is

When

977

the Continuous or Progressive

in

Form is used but when the action is not actually progress at the moment, but is referred to some future time, the Simple Form only is used. In this way the Simple Form becomes practically Future while the form in -anga becomes Present Indefinite, or rather Indefinite
;
;

Present Progressive, and

so would be incorrect.

Verb

is

but to do it might be simpler so to designate them This is borne out by the fact that when an Auxiliary used, the Verb assisted takes the suffix -anga, while the Auxiliary takes
;

the Present Indefinite prefixes only

thus

Nzo andi ketunganga:

He

is

building his house.

Nzo andi ketoma tunganga:

He

is

building his house well.

Yela

kekwama yelanga
is

He
action
is

constantly ailing.

This tendency to use the Present Indicative tense in speaking of future

common

to

most languages.

To-morrow he comes to fetch me. Next week I am going to Brussels.

The
The Verb

ship sails in three days' time.

no Continuous Form, and its Present Indefinite Simple Form. It is only used in reference to the future being always expressed by the present time, never of the- future verb kala, which follows the rule of the Regular Verbs.
-ina, to &e, has tense is always used in the
;

Kuna tukala There we shall be.

:

Kwaku
Here
I

ngina, am, here

kwaku nkala
I

will

remain
:

(be).

Nzala yingi tuna yau

We are

very hungry.

Kwaku
When
it

bekalanga e lumbu yawonso: Here they are always.

is

Continuative

desired to express definitely continuous action in the future, the Form may be used, as a Future even ; indeed, there is every

reason to regard the tense as one and identical, whether used of present time or of the future, the context alone making clear as to the time.

Ozevo,

kuna ntu tumonanga aka

we
ko, e
If not

e kiese

So

then, in the future

shall always be happy.

Ova ke wau

lumbu yawonso oyelanga aka:

you
will

always be

ill.

action

Since then the Progressive or Continuous Form in -anga is used when the is at the time in progress, it follows that when the form in -anga is absent, the action is deferred, or not at the time in progress, that is to say,
future.

The Simple Form

of the Present Indefinite tense

it

tically a Future,

and the Continuous of

is therefore praca Present (except in the cases above

noted).

978

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

Fonga and vwanda, to sit, sit down, prefer the Perfect tense, where the Present Indefinite would be used in English, for when a person is sitting the
act of sitting down is complete, he sat wear, dress in, also prefers the Perfect.

down, hence the

Perfect.

Vwata,

to

E nkiimbu
What

andi nani? andiona ofongele vana eteva dia mfumu: is the name of him who is sitting on the chiefs mat ?
when,
if,

After OVO, vava,

of the act, treating
it

and a
;

future Predicate, the

often assumes the Perfect tense

it is

a strong

way

contingent Verb of expressing the certainty

even as already accomplished.

Vava dimana, bavaikidi: When it is finished they will come

Ovo bekwenda, bafwidi
If they
:

out.

go they

will die (are dead).

In relating a narrative of consecutive acts in a clause introduced by una or vava, having the Verb in the Past Perfect, the Present Perfect may follow.

Una
When
The
one
is

zavutukidi, zinkumbulwidi

they had returned, they detailed to

mawonso mabwidi me all things that had happened.

:

Present Perfect tense is used in stating, or calling to witness as to just telling, warning, writing, ordering, doing, &c.

what

Inusonamene mama:
I

write these things to you.

Inutemonwene wau:
I warn you now. Itumini, wenda! I sent you, go
!

THE PAST
The Past
Indefinite

TENSE.

Perfect tenses, prefixed by -nga or nga i, are equivalent to ought to have, should have, the action being considered as a natural consequence to something expressed or understood.

or

Nga
You ought

nwavanga

didi

You ought to have done this. Nga wakombele vava ezono:

to

have swept here yesterday.

When
There

i is

used

it is

more emphatic.

THE PAST PERFECT.

but "yesterday," when stated, makes the event to have been perfected and accomplished at a time not now to be regarded as present a Past Perfect has therefore to be used after ezono, or any
is

not a "yesterday tense"

clear statement of a perfect action

combined with past

:

time.

Ezono yayele
Yesterday
I

went.

979

Ezuzi zalueke:

The day The

Perfect

before yesterday they arrived.

following

sentence illustrates

another

idiomatic

use

of

the

Past

:-

Wawidi wo,

elelo sa

katonda
"

He
//'/.,

will

know now how

(another time) he will

thank you." have learned (heard) now, he " thank you."

to say

will

soon say

THE NARRATIVE TENSE.

The Narrative
it

tense (or a form identical with it) has also a usage other than of an Indefinite Past it may be used of a future event to signify that the
;

tion

must be performed, there can be no

must

hesitation, or question about

:

it.

Yakwenda
I

go.

Yakumvana
I

kio

must give
I

it

to him.
:

Yalundumuka
must
run.

mbazi twakwenda kumbaka: To-morrow we must go to catch him.

Wanna
You
The Negative
to not....

will

have to drink

tu kio: it, say what you may.

auxiliary verb lembi,

of this

must be formed by means of the

Walembi
After
i

kio teka
sell

You must not

it.

mbangi tu

se, so at last, the

Narrative tense implies, with this

combination,
plete.

so... have... at last.

The

action must, however, be definitely com-

mbangi tn se wakwiza! So you have come at last

!

The Narrative
manner
:

tense

is

also

used after
se
I

wan

in the

following idiomatic

Kansi wau
But now that

yaknmbaka
o

have caught him.

Wau yatemokwa
Now
happened in the prefix shows that
-ku-.

meso

that

have

my

eyes open.

This construction expresses a present state the result of something which indefinite past. The first sentence having an Objective it is the Narrative tense by the presence of the tense prefix

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. The Verbs kwiza and kwenda prefer the Future Indefinite Subjunctive
the Future Consequent tense
;

to

in this respect they do not conform to the three

following

rules.

Yambula, mbula.
contracted form mbula, requires the Subjunctive Mood Yambula, the Verb which follows it, and the Future Consequent tense is that which
or
its

in
is

generally used.
after

There is, however, a usage of the Present yambula which implies a promise or assurance.

Indefinite Indicative

Yambula yasumba Let me buy it. Yambula, nsumba

Allow me, and
I

kio kio

will

buy

it

or, let

me,

will

buy

it.

Mbula bakota:
Let them enter.

Mbula ngyenda Let me go. Mbula beza:

Let them come.

Kimana, kinumana.

Kimana and kinumana

also require the Future

Consequent Subjunctive

in

the Verbs which follow them.

Kimana ke bamona

nzala:

Lest they suffer hunger.

Kimana batoma luaka:

So that they may
arrive safely.

Kimana benda kwau:

In order that they

may

go.

Inutumini nwenda:
I

send you to go.

Ngatu, musungula.

Ngatu and musungula

them, but when

require the Infinitive Mood in a Verb following referring to future time the Future Consequent Subjunctive

may

follow.

will neither

Kisadisa ko, ngatu yavovesa diambu: help you nor say anything to you.

Katuminu ko, ngatu kenda He was not sent, neither will he go.
:

[p. 691.]

Kala and

-ina, to

be.

The Verbs kala, and -ina or -na, to be, are used to express have. The combination of these Verbs with the Article, and
position ya, ye, yo,
:

the idea of to

with the Pre-

and with the Personal Pronoun proper to the Noun, is noted on pages 286 and 840 it remains to be remarked that the difference between kala yo and kala is this When used with the Article, the possession is normal, and has been long continued / when used with ya, ye, or The use yo, the possession is an acquirement, and is not a normal condition. with -ina or -na is identical. The Article may be absent in accordance with " the rules noted later on in the Syntax, under Attributes of the Subject The
:

Article," in this

Appendix.

Wina kwandi o moyo: He is still alive. Wina kwandi yo moyo:

His
life

has come back to him again. i.e., He has revived.

:

Tuna
(To use yo
in this

bi wingi omu ntima mieto have much evil in our hearts. case would imply that the evil was abnormal, and a

We

recent acquirement.)

E mbele ame ina o mva: My knife has a handle.

Bena ye kiese kingi: They are very happy. Tuna kweto o meso mole-mole, yeto awonsono We, all of us, have two eyes. Ondiona kaka wina ye disu dimosi
:

He

alone has only one eye (he was not born

so).

Ke bena meso ko:

They have no
eyes.

lumbemba-mbemba

lualu ke luna nsala ko: This butterfly has no wings.

Kina ya nzimbu ko
have no money. (Money does not belong to one naturally,
I

it

has to be earned.)

These distinctions, while perfectly accurate, are often very delicate, and care
is necessary in making them. Sometimes the Verb to have is expressed by the Verb to be, followed by the in this case no posses>rsonal Pronoun combined with the Preposition yo sion is implied, only that the articles mentioned happen to be with the

id thought

speaker.

Ordinary construction of the verb

to have.

Nkia lekwa tuna yau?

What

things have

we

(do

we

possess)

Idiom just explained.

What

things have

Nkia lekwa ina yeto? we (happen to be

zingi zina yeno:
goats with you.

with us)

Nkombo

You have many

Mankondo makaka mena yeto

Other plantains are with us
This
latter
;

or,

we have
the

other plantains.

idiom

is

in

constant use

among

Bakongo

as the ordinary

Verb, to have.
[p. 690.]

Kala.

This Verb has a Past Tense Indefinite and Perfect bearing the prefix e as well as that in a they are in every way identical in meaning and time.
;

982

Twekala or twakala Bekedi or bakedi

:

we

were.

they were.

[p.

690.]

-na or -ina.

This Defective Verb does not take the Continuative Form, neither does it appear in any other tense than the Present Indefinite, and then always implies present time it has, however, a Passive and an Applied Form.
;

Passive,

Applied,

-iniwa, to have in. -inina, to be for.

mwana

andi winiwa nkwiya nsambwadi: His child is possessed of seven demons.

Adieyi kinina

wan
?

Why

is it

like that

When -ina is combined with an Objective prefix, the initial i is strengthened by y, as is the case with the weak-stemmed Verbs kwiza and kwenda, see page 654.
Ubayina
e

wisa

He

has authority over them.

Kansi owau tunuyina o makasi: But now we are angry with you.
-eka.
--

fls>*Y

*fr^

use a Defective Verb -eka, to be; it is found in the Present Indefinite Tense only, in the same way as -ina, and has a Passive Voice, and

The Bakongo

an Applied Form.

Plural

tweka
lueka
fceka

zeka

mieka
bieka

meka meka
tweka

bweka meka

mweka

Nduna wekwa nkwiya: He who is possessed of demons.

Dieyi twekina

mu luvambu
in this

lualu?

Why
These examples are

are

we

chain?

in the Dialect of the

Bakongo.

THE AUXILIARY
-kini.

VERBS.

The Defective
in the

it is found only Auxiliary -kini is used among the Bakongo Past Perfect tense; it is equivalent to, to be still...; to be yet...; to
;

continue
then....

and complete what

is

now

in progress,

and then...

; to first finish,

and

Dia bakini dia: They are still eating. Twakini sala salu kietu, i

bosi...

We
[pp. 695, 6.]

must

first finish

our work, and then....

-lembi, -lembele.

This Auxiliary
takes
i final
:

found in the Perfect as -lembele, but -lembi, to fail to, to not....

is
*

in other tenses

it

Dianu kalembele (or kalembi) kwizila: That is why he failed to come.

Lenda.
**y-

[p.

694.]

the Auxiliary Verb lenda, can, is used in a Negative Clause in reference to present or future time, the Future Indefinite Subjunctive is used
(negative), -lendi.

When

Ke

We

tulendi kio nata ko cannot carry it.

Kalendi vova ko:

He
[p. 695.]

cannot speak.

Mana.
also be rendered by, to be all....

Mana may

luse luandi

lumene kunsumamwa kwa nsende

all

His brow was

pierced with thorns.

Nanga.

Nanga

is

equivalent

to, to. ..perhaps, to. ..very likely.

Onanga lunga

He

is

perhaps

right.

Tunanga kwenda

mbazi

We shall go
Sa

to-morrow very
Sa.

likely.

implies that the action will be certainly done

some time

or other, sooner

984

or later course ;

to be
it is

going

to... all

in due course,

to... soon

or presently, or all in due

only found in the Present Indicative.

Tusa sumba kio:

We
Sa,

shall

buy

it all

in

due course.

Sa
making
its

(perf. -sidi).
is

Perfect in -sidi,

tenses, it is only used in a Negative statement, to of an emphasis or definiteness, to take care not to.

found in the Present Perfect and Past which it adds some measure

The Negative

Particles are

always used, for sa does not convey in

with lembwa).

itself

any Negative idea

:

(as is the case

Ke basa wo samunwina muntu ko They took care not to mention it to any one.
There
is

no idea of taking care

in

it,

but that phrase conveniently expresses

the emphasis,
[p. 694.]

Simba.

cannot, be classed with the Auxiliary Verbs as on page 694, for it always takes the Article before the Infinitive which follows, and is an ordinary

Simba

Regular Verb, not an Auxiliary

at all.

Basimbidi o dila

not basimbidi dila

to cry.

They began
[p. 695.]

Vika.
rendered by, used
to, before,

Vika may be

aforetime, previously.

Wavika kubasia e vuvu: He used to trust in them. Ovikidi nwana ndwana zingi He
[ P.

used previously to
Za,

fight

a great deal.

696.]
is

a Defective Auxiliary Verb found in the Future Consequent Subjunctive, to do after, to do then, then to proceed to... ; see also page 696.

Za

Bele

kuna ezandu baza nikuna nkindu

to the

They went

market and

stirred

up a row.

Una
As soon
[p. 698.]

kalueke, kaza kubayuvula vo...:

or kwenda, before another verb.
;

as he arrived, he proceeded to ask them....

Kwiza

on page 698 to that should be added that where the Continuative Form is used it appears on the second Verb. In Dissyllables only the final a of the stem becomes i, and when the Con-

The

rule as to this construction is given

tinuous

Form Suffix is added, it is -nge (as that applied in the Perfect). In verbs of three or more syllables the final a of the stem is unchanged, and the
suffix is

-nga.

Wele avavinge:

He
Diatila

went seeking.
foot,

kwandi kayenda adiatilanga:

walking (on
not carried).

He went

(985

Kwendi avitinge ko: Do not go on in front.

When a Verb in the Reflexive Form follows kwiza and kwenda in this manner, the Prefix ku- of the Reflexive Form does not appear, but instead the
Prefix yi-.

Kekwenda ayisaninge (from kusana) He will go boasting.

Wele ayikokelanga
:

He went

dragging himself along.

THE INTERJECTION.
The Interrogative Interjection e is used at the end of an interrogative sentence which has no Interrogative Pronouns or Adverbs (-eyi, nki, nkia, but when such Interrogative nani) to mark its interrogative character Adverbs or Pronouns are present it is not used.
;

Kwenda okwenda

Are you going ? Nga otondele e?

Is

he grateful
called

Nani umbokele?

Who

me

Akweyi kena? Where is he ? Nkia nzo? What house ? Nki kina mo? What is in it ?

When a question is asked as an alternative to a previous question, the e is neither is it required after any but the first of a series of not repeated
;

questions.

kwenda ko e ? ovo kulendi ko ? you not wish to go, or can you not ? Aweyi tuvanga? tuteka kio, ovo veta kio, ovo tukayila kio

Nga

kuzolele o

Do

kwa
?

wantu akaka?

What

shall

we

do, sell

it,

or throw

it

away, or give

it

to other people

ACCENT.
NOUNS
in the Plural

IN mu-,

PLURAL

mill-,

There are a few Nouns bearing in the Singular the Prefix mu-, which make miu-, because the Prefix mu- is a contraction of mn + U, u being
first letter

the

of the

Stem

for this

reason the

u of the

Singular takes the Accent, while the

Plural.

of the

miu- takes the Accent

contracted Prefix in the in the

Mungula, warmth, plural miungula

*>.,

Mu + ungula, mi + ungula.
it

TRIPLICATED MONOSYLLABIC ADJECTIVES.

When a Monosyllabic Adjective is triplicated for special emphasis, accentuated on the Prefix and Penult.
-anda, long
;

is

-ampa, new
-anse, fresh

mandandanda, luandandanda, kiampampampa, very new.

yansensense, very
fresh.

very long.

THE NUMERAL

-ya, four.

The Cardinal Numeral -y&,four, takes its Accent on the Prefix immediately preceding the Stem when it has more than one syllable (nya, maya).
Primary.
Secondary.

maya
tuya

aya
ziya

iya

memaya
uya
is

muya
The Ordinal Numeral

munya
-eya, the fourth,

accented on the Stem only.

weya
yeya kieya

dieya

veya
fieya

kweya
lueya

THE APPLIED FORM.

The
follows

Perfect Continuous
:

Tense of the Applied Form takes the Accent as

Ofongel&nge

kasumbidlnge

banatininge

The same Tense

thus
:

in the

Simple Form of the Verb would be accentuated

banatininge kasumfoidlnge Ofdngelenge comes in consequence of the rule at the foot of page 702, in which the distinction between the Perfect of the Simple and the Applied Forms is noted as indicated by an extra Accent on the Applied Form.

The

extra accent

Simple.

Applied.

Obakidi

obakidi

THE DOUBLE APPLIED FORM.

The Double Applied Form when complicated
thus accentuated
:

with other

Form

Suffixes

is

Natisinina Bakisidila Salukidila

to cause to carry for... for. to cause to catch for... for.

to flinch about., for.
:

Vangamenena
The
follows

to be complete in... for.

Perfect Tenses
:

of the

Double Applied

Form

are

accentuated

as

Tu dodokfclele Kasumbidididi Kasaulwididi

tudodokfclel&nge kasimibidididinge

kasaulwididinge
IN -ana.

FORMS
The
Suffix

a persistent Accent on the first a, zdlana, not zolana. The Suffix -anana accentuates on the second a. These Accents are not influenced or shifted by the other Accents in the same word.
carries

-ana

beyindusiananga

kitambukakananga
kifwantalakananga kitiakalakananga bewasaziananga bazolananga

benatananga ikonanananga
bakanisinina bakanisi
zolanina zolanini (Per/. Applied}

THE APPLIED REFLEXIVE FORM.

The Applied Form
of the Reflexive

Form

is

thus accentuated

kukwizila

kayiyizidi

kukwendela kusumbila

bayiyendele tuyisumbidi

ACCENTED PRONOMINAL PREFIXES.

noted on page 670 that there is no Objective Pronominal Prefix for the 2nd person applied to the Verb the person addressed is aware of the fact, and needs no such mention. In those tenses which retain the Prefix -ku- between the Subjective and Objective Prefixes, the presence of the -ku- serves to indicate that there is an Objective Prefix understood, otherwise there would be no -ku-. In those tenses which do not retain the -ku-, there is a special accent on the Prefix, instead of the first syllable of the Stem. So strong is this accentuation that it appears almost to double the first consonant of the root (although there is no real closed syllable in Kongo, nor indeed in any Bantu language). Kavuluza, that he might save you, is pronounced almost as
It is
;

kavvuluza.

Katala Twasadisa Banata Yasumbila

: :

that he
:

may

see you.

you. that they may carry you. that I may buy... for you.

that

we may help

This sharp accentuation of a Prefix occurs also in the 3rd person singular of

989)
to

the

Negative of the Future Consequent tense Subjunctive, between

: ;

distinguish

and kasumba, that he may not sell. Kasumba, that he may sell Kavila, that he should perish and kavila, that he should not perish. As this tense does not take the second Particle of Negation, some such
;

listinction is necessary.

A negation by Accent is common in other Bantu languages in Mpongwe (Gaboon), for instance, ebekenda, he will go; ebekenda, he will not go ; iba, he speaks; ekamba, he does not speak. There are a few words which seem to be accentuated contrary to the
;

les

Elelensi

E kakamba
:

a plain. borne by many.

: :

Lelemba to do slowly. Nkuluntu an elder, head-man. Kulimtu seniority, headship.

:

Palata

silver.
:

Lumbwa-mbokoso Nonono a number

:

a chatterbox.

of tiny spots.

are all probably contracted or compound words. Elelensi, probably from elele-nsi the monosyllable nsi throwing its Accent back on the previous syllable, and the Accent on the first syllable of the root

They

being

lost.

E kakamba,

a contraction of e

kamba-kamba.

Lelemba, probably a contraction of lemba-lemba. Nkuluntu, from nkulu muntu, so nkulu-ntu, the monosyllable ntu throwing its Accent back on the previous syllable.

Kulimtu, from the above. Palata, from the Portuguese prata, hence palata. Lumbwa-mbokoso is probably thus accentuated for the sake of euphony, Nonono, a contraction of nono-nono, from nona, to pick up.

CIRCUMFLEX.

Kuna, muna, and vana

final.
is

these Locatives are emphatic at the end of a sentence, the Accent broadened out into a Circumflex.

When

Okalokala bansolwele At length they found him

muna

in there.

Why
The

Adieyi nunsisidi vana? did you leave him there

Circumflex, or broadened Accent, is used to distinguish between two roots which are otherwise exactly alike, as noted at the foot of page 703.

Baka,
Bula, Bula,

to catch

baka,
bula,
de~ka,
;

to rend.

to strike
to break.

to lance

an abscess.

Deka, Deka,

to cut

up small

to ache. to shine.

to trim the hair

deka,

990

Deka, Fuka,
Fula,

to crack.

to be forged to blow, forge

;

PUNCTUATION.
The Stops used in the Punctuation of a sentence should naturally represent it is more convenient the actual pauses, and inflexions of voice in speech also to speak of Commas, and other Stops, than to explain each time the pauses, and inflexions of voice which they indicate.
;

Very

little

need be written as to the Punctuation

in
is

Kongo
little

sentences and

clauses divide themselves so naturally that there deciding the position of a Stop.

or no difficulty in

THE COMMA.

A Comma
sense.

is

frequently needed before a Noun

in Apposition, to

preserve the

Makitu,

wa mfumu

a nsi

Makitu the chief of the country.

Without the pause, the wa might be mistaken for wa, of. " Pronoun Subjective Pronominal Prefixes, In this Appendix, under the and Plural," it is noted that a pause after i bosi shows that 3rd Pers., Sing,
the sentence introduced

by

it

is

new departure
in

being related

it

makes a

difference

the

Prefix

or stage in the proceedings applied to the Verb

;

instances are there given. When there is a pause before VO, that, therefore have a Comma before it.

it

becomes OVO

OVO, that, should

Edi kavovele, ovo, ke tuvangi wo ko He said that we should not do so.

THE NOTE OF INTERROGATION.

If
rise

a question contains several alternatives, the Note of Interrogation, and the of voice which it requires, come at the end of the first question, and not
;

after the alternatives

when

there are no alternatives, the Note of Interrogation

comes

at the

end of the question.

Nga diansongi
Is
it

edi dia vanga o mawete muna lumbu kia vundn e? ovo o vanga o mayi; o vuluza o moyo, ovo o vonda. lawful on the Sabbath day to do good, or to do harm ? to save a life,
or to
kill ?

991

SYNTAX.
THE
The Subject may be
rules the sentence cipal
;

SUBJECT.

COMPOUND NOUNS.
a

but

its

Compound Noun. own component

In such case the principal Noun parts concord with their own prin-

Noun.

E kimfumu a evata kinkatwilu

The
chieftainship of the

town

is

taken away from him.

The Subject is ki- (mfumu- a-evata), and to this the Verb accords kinkatwilu but the Adjectival Phrase, a evata, agrees with its own Noun, mfumu, making mfumu a evata, chief of the town; to this idea the Abstract Prefix ki- is added, which thereupon implies the chieftainship-of-the-town [(chief-of;

the-town)-ship].

mumpingilefwa dia kintinu a

The
Here the Noun mumpingila,
;

nsi olueke

successor-to-the-inheritance of the office-of-king-of-the-country has come.

the

inheritor,

is

the

Subject of the Verb,

olueke this Subject is further extended by taking the Noun, efwa, as a Suffix, and this extension is further qualified by the Adjectival Phrase, dia kintinu a nsi, which agrees with the Noun, efwa, which it qualifies. This sentence therefore gives a double instance of such complication, for kintinu ansi=ki +
its component parts are ntinu-a-nsi, king-of-t he-country, which (ntinu-a-nsi) on receiving the Prefix ki-, implies the office-of-king-of-the-country. The expression, kintinu kia nsi, is admissible, and implies the kingship oj the country ; but in such a sentence as that given above the more correct idiom would be that therein used.
;

E kimvuluzi

a ekanda diaku

muna moko ma
:

atantu au

kwa

ngeye
their

kiyekelo The office- of-deliverer (deliverership) of your clan from the hands of enemies, to you it is given.

Here the Subject is kimvuluzi, which is composed of mvuluzi-ekandadiaku, bearing the Prefix ki- the mvuluzi being further qualified by the Adjectival Phrase, a ekanda diaku, which agrees with mvuluzi so that it -deliverer- of is really ki- (mvuluzi- a-ekanda-diaku), the oflice-of -your-country; the Possessive Pronoun, diaku, of course concords with its Noun ekanda. A complicated construction results under these circumstances, but it is gram;

Noun

matically correct ; and since the Verb yeka (or yekwa) requires the abstract of the office or title to follow it, there is no other way of expressing it.

E kimbuta a makesa kiandi kivika telekwa His captaincy of the soldiers will soon be announced.
:

<J92

993

Osiwa

kiyekwa kia unlongi a Esi Ekongo:

He was

delegated to the office of teacher of the Kongos. i.e., he was appointed teacher of the Kongos.
is

This construction

also referred to in this

Appendix under "The Noun

Derivative."

*eenth
When

NOUNS CONNECTED BY CONJUNCTIONS.

the subject
is

composed of two or more Nouns connected by the Conpage 704

;

of junction, ya, ye, yo, they may figure as in the sentences at the foot but in that case the first yo would be translated in English by both.

Yo ngeye yo yandi nwenda

Both you and he go (you
go).

mundele ye ngamba zandi zilueke: The white man and his carriers have arrived.

mfumu ya
The
chief

aleke andi babakamene and his followers are caught.

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN.

The
Clause
Relative Pronoun
;

is

not always expressed in introducing the Relative

it

is

often understood.

Mbongele o nlele wasumbidi ezono took the cloth which you bought yesterday.
:

yau yiyi

nzo oyikidi:

This

is

the house that you mentioned.

ATTRIBUTES OF THE SUBJECT.

COMPOUND ATTRIBUTES.

yo,

When two or more Attributes qualify one Noun, the subsequent Attributes (whenever possible) are coupled to the first Adjective by the Conjunction ye or If one of these but as Nouns (abstract where possible), not as Adjectives.
subsequent Attributes
represents
this
it.

is

a participial idea

(in

English), the Infinitive

Noun

Adjectives, -ingi, -akaka, -awonso, &c., are excepted from Numerals, the Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns (which are adjectival) ; they precede all other Attributes, and are not followed

The Quantitive
rule, as

also the

b > ya
r

>

y e or y>

wantu ambi yo ulau

Bad and
wild people.

wantu alau yo
Kadi
For
nti
it is

bi (abstract, not mbi)

Wild and bad people.

ambote yo mfunu:
a good useful wood.

mfumu au anunu

yo zolwa:
chief.

Their aged and beloved

Makesa mangolo ye nkabu ye

Strong, brave, loyal soldiers.

zizi:

994

Wana ame anzolwa yo zola My beloved and loving children. Makangu maku matatu mankulu ye vuvu:
:

Your three old and trusted

friends.
:

Muntu ambi yo lufuma

A bad
E nsusu
The

and

cruel

man.
:

a malu mankufl yo matete

short-legged spotted fowl.

Some Adjectives are not or cannot be thus expressed. For instance, when the subsequent idea is riot one of a combination of Attributes, but a further Attribute of an already qualified Noun, it follows on as an Adjective, just as an Adjective follows on after a Quantitive Adjective, Numeral, or Possessive, or
Demonstrative Pronoun.

E kinkutu kiaku kiambwaki kiankulu:

Your
old red coat.
In English we should not say, your old and red coat, neither in Kongo do they introduce a Conjunction. The Conjunction is more often omitted in English, but wherever it is altogether inadmissible, it is omitted in Kongo.

nlele andi ebundi

ampa:

His new blue

cloth.

Mateva mame matatu ma mfubu mampwena mampa: My three new great pandanus mats.

NOUN
A Noun
in

IN APPOSITION.

In such case it Apposition may be an Attribute to the Subject. is preceded by the Particle -a (which serves to introduce an Adjectival Clause, see pp. 561, 562). The Particle, in such case, receives the Secondary Prefix of the Class proper to the Noun, to which it introduces a qualifying clause
(P- 562).

Jizu Kristu,

wa Mfuinu

eto:

Jesus Christ our Lord.

mfumu Makitu, wa ntu a nsi The chief Makitu, paramount chief of the country. diambu diadi diambote kikilu, dia ngiza andi
:

It is

a very good thing indeed, his coming.

:

Ona tunina e nsundidi, ya lutufakeso lua atantu eto By whom we have the victory, the utter rout of our enemies. Muna diadi tunina ye nzimbu zampa, za frank ye sentime For this reason we have a new currency, francs and centimes.
There
is

also another idiom in use

it

when

the

Noun
it

more

as though

were

in

list.

In such case

in Apposition appears appears without Article or

Particle.

One
There
is

class of

Salu kimosi kizeye ko, vata: work I do not know, agriculture.

Vena ye ma

kiesivi

ndembele mona, ekumbi dia ntoto

I

one marvellous thing which

did not see, a railway train.

995

Oinaka mana ke bekitanga

mo

Certain produce they do not trade

in,

ko, nkwezo india-rubber.

:

THE
The

ARTICLE.
all

following rules for the use of the Article have

been grouped here

for

convenience and comparison. 1. In a simple positive predication the Subject and Object take the Article In a negative predication the Article is absent between proper to their Class. the Particles of Negation (ke...ko), except in the cases noted under other rules.

mpangi ame osumbidi

My My

o nkanda: brother bought a book.

mpangi ame kasumbidi nkanda ko:

brother did not buy a book.
e

Tusaukidi

Nzadi o unu
o

We crossed We
E

the river to-day.

Ke tusaukidi Nzadi ko

unu

did not cross the river to-day.

nzo andi ke imene tungwa ko: His house is not finished building.
e

Bamvene

nkumbu
the

a Luvunina:
of Luvunina.

They gave him They did not

name
him a

Ke bamvene nkumbu ambote

give

ko:

nice name.
:

Kuna

nsi eto ke

kwina mfinda ko

There are no

forests in our country.

Muna

mfinda zeno ke

mwina ntemo ko
is

In your forests there

no

light.

Vana eyanga dina ke vena

There are no mud-fish
2.

dole ko:

in that pond.

The

Article in
it

Kongo
;

gives

more or

less of definiteness to its

Noun

it

has previously been spoken of, or it is a case in point, or in some way well known but when the Article is absent, and there is no rule to cause such absence, its absence specially marks the indefiniteness of the Noun This is in such case, in English we might use some. ..or other, any, one of....
indicates that
;

There are specially the case after OVO, if, and in negative clauses generally. other rules for the presence or absence of the Article to be noted further on.
detinite, or

In the case of Negative Clauses, the Article is present when the Noun is where the subject of conversation is a case in point ; it is absent in

a general remark. In the Imperative Negative, and Subjunctive Negative, the presence of the Article indicates that, at the time in question, the contrary to what is ordered or suggested is being done in such case the Adverbs, so, like that, as (you, &c.)
;

do,

would often be used in English.

Umpana e mbele: Give me the knife. Umpana mbele:

Give

me

a knife.

996

E lumbu

kiakina, ndonga

ampwena yanlandanga:
:

That day a great crowd was following him. Ke babongele nkutu ma ko

They did not take anything at all. Mbala osumbidi o nkele Mbala bought a gun.
:

Mbala kasumbidi nkele ko

Mbala did not buy a gun. e mbele aku ina muna nzo e? Nga
Is

your knife in the house

Is

aku, ina muna nzo e? that a knife of yours which is in the house?

Nga mbele

Kizeye e lekwa kiaki mfunu ko I do not know the use of this thing.

Ovo muntu olembi kwenda

If

any man does not go. Ovo o muntu olembi kwenda:

If the

man

does not go.

:

Ovo muntu okunsadila, mbula kandemvokela If a man (any one) will work for me, let him obey me. Ovo o muntu okunsadila, mbula kandemvokela If the man will work for me, let him obey me. Ovo e mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo
: :

If

my

knife

is in

the house, bring

it.

Ovo mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo If any knife of mine is in the house, bring it. Ovo mbele ina muna nzo, twasa yo
:

If there is a knife in the house, bring

it.

Ovo
Ovo
e

mbele ina ina muna nzo, twasa yo

it.

If that knife is in the house, bring

yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko

your relatives hate you, never mind.
:

If

Ovo yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko

If

any of your relatives hate you, never mind. Wenda tala ovo o ngwa aku ankazi wina muna nzo Go and see whether your uncle is in the house.

Wenda
Go and

tala ovo

ngwa aku ankazi wina muna

it is

nzo

see whether

Ke

one of your uncles who basolwele nsabi ko:

is

in the house.

They did not find the key. Oyikidi vo batuvana ma twadia He told them to give us something to eat.
:

Edi mbenze
I

think that they are

If

now

se betunganga e nzo au: building their house (not before mentioned}.

:

Ovo muntu okuy uvula ovo muntu wina muna nzo

any one asks you whether any one
is

in the house.

(997)
mbunzi ame osumbidi kwanga kia ntaku tanu
:

My

brother bought

five

ntaku worth of kwanga.

:

Mbula benda kolo kiandwelo

Let them go for a
little

while.

Bonga
Take

o nlele

Ne yandi okutuvovesa diambu: As though he would say something to us. wan, ovo e nkanda miomio, ovo e mbele yasumbidi ezono, ovo nlele akaka
:

this cloth, or these books, or the knife

bought yesterday, or some

other cloth.

Ovo o nlele akaka:

Or the other cloth. Ovo nlele akaka Or other cloth.

Imperative Negatives.

Ke nusimi
Do

vova

ndinga zakaka ko
:

not forbid the speaking of other languages (there being a case in point}.

Ke nusimi vova ndinga zakaka ko

Do

not forbid the speaking of other languages (general admonition}.

Ke nuteleka e mioyo mieno ko Do not be so anxious. Ke nuteleka mioyo ko: Do not be anxious (generally}.
Kufungi

Do

not be so angry (as

makasi ko I see you Kufungi makasi ko

o
: :

are}.

Do Do
not

not be angry (general admonition}.

Kuvondi
kill

mwana

ko:

the child (as you seem to be doing}.

:

zeno ko away your goods (general}. Ke nutubi e mbongo zeno ko: Do not throw away your goods (case in point}. Ke nutokanisa o wana eno ko Do not worry your children (as you do}.

Ke nutubi mbongo

Do

not throw

Subjunctive Negative.

Kala vo kakufika

lumbu ko:

Had he
Edi katungidi

not shortened the days (which were fixed}.

He

built

e kozo, e ngandu ke zadia e nkombo zandi: a stock-yard fence so that the crocodiles should not eat his goats (as they used to do}.
:

He

Unkanikini vo kayambula o tunga e nzo ko ordered him not to stop the building of the house (but he
:

is

doing

so}.

Unkanikini vo kayambula tunga nzo ko He ordered him not to stop building the house (neither has he done

so}.

998

Simple Negative,

Ke benatanga
They They
3.

mpu

mfumu

ko:

are not bringing the (said) hat of the chief.

Ke benatanga mpu a mfumu ko

are not bringing the chiefs hat
if
(/'/

must belong

to

some one

else).
it

In a simple reply to a question,

Noun commences

the sentence,
if

takes an Article.
If the reply is not

Noun

is

qualified

a sentence at all, but a Noun, it may take an Article by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.

the

Replies.

Lekwa kiaki kavwidi o nkinzi He needs this thing.

Kadi mbele andi
Because
ivididi:
is lost.
:

his knife

Lolonzi ame ngizidi tambula I have come for my watch.

Nki What

kezidi vava? Nlele andi: has he come for ? His cloth.

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

Nki kelombanga? E mbele yayi: What is he asking for ? This knife.

Aweyi? E kiandu kiaki: What ? This chair.

Qualified by a Relative Clause.

Nkia nzo? E nzo ina isongele: Which house ? The house which I showed
There
is

you.
it

no Article before Reduplicated Partitive Nouns, unless 4. in the construction of the Verb to have, as in the third sentence.

is

used

Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi They got a piece of cloth each. Nubavana mbele-mbele: Give them a knife each.

Tuna kweto

We

o meso mole-mole: have each of us two eyes.

is not used in a Catalogue, or a Heading, or Title, or in indicat5. The Article ing one, or certain individuals out of a number, for some purpose known to all.

Betekanga nkove, kwa, evembe, ye minse

They
are selling cabbages, potatoes, spinach,

and sugar-cane.

Title page.

MWELO A
The

ZAYI:

"

portal of knowledge," a Primer.

Heading.

Mavangu ma Ntumwa:
The Acts
of the Apostles.

999

Nkombo aku ivondwa

Your goat
is

to be killed.

Mwana

andi mpe osala: His child too is to stay.

:

Mvungudi otiama e nkuni The herdsman is to fetch firewood.

6.

In a Positive statement in which the Object

is

first

mentioned or thrown

the end of the sentence, to give it prominence, it does not take an Article, unless the Object is further represented by an Objective Pronoun after the ur \r. Verb, or when the Demonstrative Particle i precedes the Verb, which always

happens under the above circumstances, when the Noun Demonstrative Pronoun.

is

qualified

by a

E kuma

kadi, o

nkanda ame osumbidi wo

my book. E kuma kadi, nkanda ame kasumbidi: Because it was my book that he bought. Ezaka ntangwa mpasi monanga za nzala:
Sometimes
I

Because he bought

suffer hunger.
:

Nkombo kazolele teka He wants to sell a goat.

Aleke bezidi, nkanda balombele The boys have come, they ask for a book. Nzo andi ketunganga
: :

He

is

building his house.

:

E mponda kamvondele,
He
killed

nsosolo kansukidi him by stabbing him with a sword.

If

muntu, ovo mfuka zandi kedia:

a

man

gets into debt.

E kuma

With an Objective Pronoun kadi, e nganzu, ovo olembele yo yoka, evata diaku divia:
as well.

Because your town

will

be burnt unless you burn a

fire

ring round

it.

nlungu ame bakanini wo o yiya: They made up their minds to steal my canoe.
With
the Particle
i.

nlele

ame mpe
he took

kabongele:

And

E ntaku za They shared together

Aleke
bezidi, o

my cloth too. mfumu i bakayanini:

the chiefs ntaku.

Qualified by the Demonstrative Pronoun,

and having
i

the Particle
:

i.

nkanda una oyikidi

i

bazolele

The boys have come, they want the book which you spoke

of.

nzo yayi

ketunganga

He

is

building this house.

IOOO

At the end of the

sentence,
:

Tuzolele kio tala, e lekwa kiaku

We

want
I

to see

it,

that thing of yours.

zo, e

Sumba nsumba
will

nkombo

buy them, those goats.

Ke tumwene yo nkutu

We
7.

did not see

them

at

all,

ko, e leke yaku: those boys of yours.

In a Negative statement, when the Object precedes its Verb, or is placed end of the sentence, outside the Particles of Negation, it is represented by an Objective Pronoun after the Verb in such case the Object always takes the Article.
at the
;

nzo andi nkutu, kazolele yo tunga ko

He does not even want to build his own house. E nsusu aku, kimwene yo kwame ko
:

did not see your fowl.

o

Ezaka ntangwa

madia mandi kazolele mo dia ko

like to eat his food.

Sometimes he does not

Kizeye dio kwame ko, e diambu dina oyikidi: I do not know the matter you mention.

Kisumbanga

zo
I

kwame

ko, e

nkombo

za yela:

do not buy sick

goats.

is prefaced to the Name of a person, when it stands as the 8. The Article but if the senSubject of a Verb, no matter what its position in the sentence tence in which it appears is an answer to a question, the Name does not take
;

an

Article.
If

a Style or Title (Uncle, Chief, &c.) is prefaced to the Name, or stands instead of it, the Style or Title follows the rule, and the Name follows after,
without any further Article, as though the Style or Title were part of the

Name.

Zeka obokele aleke ame

Zeka called

my

boys.

Luvezo wizidi kungyuvula diambu: Luvezo came to ask me something.

ngwa ame

ankazi Nzinga olueke

My
Nelamvu

uncle Nzinga has arrived.

ozolele o
to

Nelamvu wants

sumba e esikilu diaku buy your musical instrument.

Diamoneka otungidi e mbangu andi: Diamoneka made her basket.

ngwa ankazi Nlemvo, ke yandi ko

Not Uncle Nlemvo.

nsanga ame Nsona wele kuna evata diandi My sister Nsona has gone to her town.

Nsiku kalendi kwenda ko:

Nsiku cannot
go.

1001

Out of normal position.

Wele kwandi,

Lukelo:

Lukelo has gone.

Osumbidi kio, o Nkunku Nkunku has bought it.

Kwiza kekwiza,
Father
is

Tata:

coming.

Bavangidi ne i kavovele, o Mfumu: They did as the Lord commanded. Kazeye tunga nzo ko, o Ngwa ankazi Uncle does not know how to build a house.

Wan
Now

kitekele o mwini, mpasi kemona o Tata: that the sun has come out, Father will suffer.

Nkia ndata kenata

kio, o

Bakana?
:

How
Bakayanini They divided
e

will

Bakana carry it ? mfundi kalambidi o Ponte

o Sodiadia what Sodiadia had done.

out the mfundi that Ponte cooked.

:

Utusamunwini owu kavangidi

He
///

told us

an answer.

E kuma Nlemvo wayele

ezono Because Nlemvo went yesterday.

Luvezo unsamunwini wo
Luvezo told me.
Ingeta, ezaka

ntangwa Sita okwendanga:

Yes, sometimes Sita goes.

The Verb wana, when it is used in the sense of to find, and has for its Object a Noun Clause indicating the state of things found, if the Subject of the Noun Clause is the Name of a person, the Name takes the Article in that case the Name is not the Object of the Verb, but the Subject of the Noun Clause, so the
;

Name

takes the Article.

Bele wana o Kikudi yau kevinganga: They went and found Kikudi waiting for them.
the Name of a Person, or a Style, or Title, is the actual Object of a does not take an Article, whatever its position in the sentence, not even when it precedes the Verb for any reason, nor in a Relative Clause. But when the Name, or Style, or Title, is represented by a Personal Pronoun, or by an c., may be mentioned Objective Pronominal Prefix on the Verb, the Name, in such case it takes an Article. after the Clause or sentence
9.

When
it

Verb,

Basamunwini Luvezo
They
told

diambu diau ekulu:

all

Luvezo

about

it.

Nkia ndata kenata Bakana?

How
Do

will

he carry Bakana?
:

Kubokela Tata Bukusu ko

not call Father Bukusu.

1002

Nwenda

sadisa Situa:
help Situa.
:

Go and
Go and

Nda yuvula Makwekwe

ask Makwekwe.

Why
Out of normal
position.

Adieyi onatinanga Nengudi? are you carrying Nengudi ?

Ingeta, mfuimi Kikudi besadisanga:

Yes, they are helping the chief Kikudi.

Nlandu kaka tumwene

We
J\

only saw Nlandu.

dative Clause.

Bokela Ndomfunsu, ona ovwidi Baka: Call Ndomfunsu, who owns Baka. Vana kio kwa Ewete, ona osadisanga Luvila:
Give
it

to Ewete,

who

is

helping Luvila.

Represented before the Verb.

Kadi yandi babokele,

Because
it

o Nkia-ngudi was Nkia-ngudi they called.

Tunzolele beni, o Ngwa ankazi Lotutala Of Uncle Lotutala we are very fond.

Wenda kunsusumuna,
Go and
10.

Mvemba

call

Mvemba.

Article may appear before each of a man's Names, when more than mentioned, and the Name is the Subject of the Verb. It is more courtly so to do, but it is certainly a cumbersome form of speech, and may be dispensed

The

one

is

with.

Manwele
11.

o Kedi unsamunwini vo Manwele Kedi told me that

Sometimes Animals,

&c., are personified; in such case they take the

Article as ist Class Nouns.

dievwa umbakidi The jackal caught him.

:

ngo ovovele vo The leopard said that

12.

The Names

of Places follow the rules of

Common

Nouns, not those of

the

Names

of Persons.

nsi ina ifinamene e Ngombe: That country is near Ngombe.

I

Kimwene kwame Kindinga ko:

did not see Kindinga (a town).
13.

A Noun

in

Apposition takes no Article.

Dia kumosi kidianga ko, mfundi One thing I do not eat, mfundi.

Omaka mana k3 mena

Some
14.

o nluta ko, malonga ye yinkutu barter stuff brings no profit plates and coats.
is

When

Noun

-akete, a

little, few, it

qualified by -ingi, much, many; or by -andwelo, or does not take the Article, unless the sentence is prefaced

by:i
i

e
e e

kuma kuma kuma

kiki

kadi

kuma? nkia kuma?

and such words
Article.

diau dianu i diau didi okala vo kadi kadi

adieyi?
In such case
it

stating

and requiring a reason.

takes an

The Noun qualified by -ingi, c., also takes an Article when further qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause, or when it occurs in a Relative Clause, or in a Clause commencing with wau, Una, ova, vava,
yavana, kufwila owu...ko. Where -ingi would be translated by mi4ch of, or many of; and -andwelo, or -akete, by few of, a little of, its Noun takes the Article, and is followed by a

comma.

Nzau zingi zina muna mfinda zeto There are many elephants in our forests.
:

Wantu andwelo foevwatanga

Few

mbadi:

people wear palm fibre cloth.

Nzo zakete zisidi kuna evata diandi: Few houses remain in his town.

Maza mengi mezidi muna nlungu Much water came into the canoe.
Reason, &*c.

E kuma,

e kwanga yakete kikilu isidi Because there are very few kwanga left. Nkia kuma nubongele e nsonso zakete? Why did you take so few nails ?
:

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

mavia mau makete mafwene

Their few
Qualified by a Relative Clause.
fields are sufficient.

E nguba E
Many

The few ground-nuts they

zakete, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko got are not sufficient.

nanazi (zina) tusolwele, zingi were the pine-apples which we found.

:

In a Relative Clause.

Awana

banete e ntaku zakete kaka, ke yau ko Not those who carried only a few rods.

After wau, frc.

Wau

kafudidi e nsengo zakete:

Since he forged but few hoes.

Many of, &c.

wantu, engi bamwene o wonga:

Many

of the people were afraid.

E ngamba,
Many

zingi zifwidi:

of the carriers died.

15. The strengthened form, -ayingi, is generally employed instead of -ingi when the Article is present but -ingi is the more frequent form when the
;

Article

is

absent.

-ayingi has also this peculiarity, that when it qualifies the Subject of the Verb, the Subject takes an Article whether it would or not with -ingi but when it qualifies the Object, the Object only takes an Article when it would with
;

-ingi

see the

above rules.

E nsangu

Nsangu zingi Much news

zayingi zivwi(U |
j

mwangana

is

spread abroad.

Enkayizayingi| zivondelo: j Nkayi zingi Many antelopes have been killed.

Banzitisi o luzitu luayingi Luzitu luingi banzitisi: They respected him greatly (with great
:

respect).

nzo zayingi zambote zividi:

Nzo zingi zambote zividi: Many good houses have been burnt.
Qualifying the Subject.

E nzau

zayingi zina muna mfinda zeto There are many elephants in our forests.

maza mayingi mezidi muna nlungu: Much water came into the canoe.
Qualifying the Object.

Bantwese madia mayingi: They brought me much food. E mfumu zimfundidi mambu mayingi The chiefs charged him with many things.
Reason.

Nkia kuma batwasidi

Why

did they bring so

mbasa zayingi? many mbasa ?

E kuma,

e nzo zayingi bazolele tunga: Because they want to build many houses.

Qualified by a Relative Clause.

E nguba zayingi, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko The many ground-nuts which they obtained are not enough.
:

1005

After wan.

Wau
Now
1

that

tusumbidi o mamia mayingi: we have bought many mamia stems.

(primary form), the
(see

6.

Before kwa,

how many
in the

but

when

kwa

is

Secondary Form

Noun never takes an Article the p. 566), the Noun takes

; ;

Article.

case

Sometimes, however, the Secondary Form is used as the Primary in that it does not take an Article, any more than the simple Primary Form in
true

kwa. The difference between the Form is very often difficult to

Secondary Form and that used as a Primary When the Secondary Form is used with the Article, the Noun has been the subject of thought and conversation and the simple question is asked as to how many of them. When the Secondary Form is used as a Primary Form, without the Article, the Noun has not been mentioned or considered specially, and the question is rather, how many,
distinguish.
if

at all.

Primary.

Nti kwa okesele? How many trees did you fell ? Nsonso kwa ovava ? How many nails do you want ? Nkumbu kwa wele? How many times did you go ?

Secondary.

The eggs

maki mpe, makwa osumbidi? too, how many did you buy

ntaku, zikwa zisidi? The ntaku, how many were left

E mfundi, zikwa nudianga muna lumbu? How many cassava puddings do you eat a day ?
When
the Secondary

Form is usedfor the Primary. Ntaku zikwa zisidi? How many ntaku are left?
Nzo zikwa zividi?

How many houses were burnt ? Maki makwa ozolele? How many eggs do you want ?
Kwa-ekwa and -kwa-ekwa, how many
Primary.
each, follow the

same

rule.

Mbele, kwa-ekwa babongele?

How many
Secondary.

knives each did they take

E mfundi mpe, zikwa-ekwa nuzolele ? How many cassava puddings do you want, each of you ?
Form usedfor the Primary. Maki mekwa-ekwa nulambidi? How many eggs have you boiled, each of you ?

Secondary

3U

ioo6

17.

In a Relative

Clause

all

common Nouns

take an Article, whether the

Clause be positive or negative.

Obokele Mbandila, ona ozolele o teka e nkombo o mbazi: He called Mbandila, who wants to sell a goat to-morrow.

Ke vena ona unsnndidi

There
is

nene ko

no one (who

is)

greater than he.

:

Ana ke bazolanga

o lunda e nsiku miandi ko Those who do not wish to keep his laws.

Ona, kifweno o nata e nsampatu zandi ko: Whose shoes I am not worthy to carry.

Dina kafongele o nkento That (mat) on which the woman

sat.

Mana ke mena
Ona kavangidi
e

o nsiku ko:
is

Against which there

no law.
:

diambu ko

Who

had done nothing.

Tufongele vana vakedi e ndonga: We sat down where the crowd was.

Ke tutunga vana vena

matadi ko
are.

We

will not build

where the stones

o

Muna ke mwasiwa nkutu

Where no man had

muntu
laid.

ko:

ever been
ko,

Kuna ke kwina

ntemo
there
is

ke

kwau ko

Not where

no
i

light.

Kuna kulungidi

wantu

tukwenda:

We

are going to the place where the people are congregated.

Sia kio vana vena o maza: Put it where there is water.

Kala kuna kwina e leke yame Remain where my boys are.

Kizolele kota
I

muna mwina
e

tombe ko
is

do not

like to

go into a dark place (where there

darkness).

Kuna

nsi eto,

kuna ke kwina

mfinda ko, ke

kwau ko
:

Not

in our country,

where there are no

forests.

Osisidi kio

He

left it

vana ke vakedi o muntu ko where there was no one about.

Muna

Where

ke mwakedi o ntoto ayingi ko: there was not much earth.

is

In the following sentence the Negative Clause Clause which ends at the word mo.

not part of the Relative

Ana bewanga mo, ke

be monanga wonga ko Those who hear of these things are not afraid.

loo;

it

i8. Participle may initiate a Relative Clause qualifies takes an Article.

in

such case the

Noun which

nzo katungidi o nleke aku:

built.
:

The house which your boy

wantu betunganga e nzo zau, ke bekwenda ko The people who are building their houses need not go.

Participle thus initiating a Relative Clause may agree with its own Object attraction," and the construction result which is noted at the foot of page " The Predi707, and is further explained in these notes on the Syntax, under Prefixes Concord by Attraction " in such case the rule of the cate, Subjective

by

"

Relative Clause prevails, with the sole exception of the Styles, or Titles, which do not take the Article.

names

of Persons,

Nani okuntwasa

nsangu za

mambu mevova
ntima
aine
:

o se
?

aku?

Who

will bring

me word

of what your father says

Kina

kizolele o

That which

my

heart loves.
:

Belandanga e fu ivanganga o wantu ambi They follow the customs of bad men. E nkombo ina ididi o mfcvwa: The goat which the jackals ate.
(this

might be translated, the goat which ate the

jackals.)

Concord by attraction; Subject a Proper Noun.

Oyau kaka, ana bekwikilanga o mambu mavova Nzambi They only who believe the words which God spoke.

Nda kubasamwina o mambu mampwena mavangidi Nzambi Go and tell them what great things God has done for you. Ne i wau uvovele mfumu
:

Just as the chief said.

Kuna
The

kulele

Mpukuta ke kwambote ko
Mpukuta
sleeps
is
:

place where

not a good one.

Kuna kwayalukila Mfumu Makitu

The

place to which the chief Makitu removed.

:

Bansamunwini kuna kwayenda Ngudi-ankama They told me where Ngudi-ankama had gone. Tulueke muna evata muna mufwila Nsona:

We
Muna

came

into the

town

in

which Nsona died.

sapala

muna mwatunga Ngwa

ankazi Nsompi
built.

In the copse where Uncle

Nsompi

Kuna kwina Nkwezi

Lukelo:

Where Nkwezi Lukelo is. Kuna kwina mfumu: Where the chief is.

When

there

is

Subject of the Verb, the

no " Concord by Attraction," and a Proper Noun stands as the Noun takes an Article.

ioo8

I bosi

toma kutusamunwina oma kevova o Kidudu And then tell us properly what Kidudu says. Utusongele oma katusonekene o Ntima-nsieme He showed us what Ntima-nsieme wrote to us. Kazolele kunsamunwina oma kavovele o mfumu ko He does not want to tell us what the chief said.
:

Twawa

mambu mampwena kamvangidi

Mfumu

That we may hear the great things which the Lord has done

for him.

The Demonstrative Verbal Particle i may preface a Relative Clause. such case the rules as to Relative Clauses are in full force.

In

Ana bena ye
It is

fu yayi

bemona

wonga
fear.

those

who have such customs who

Konso muntu ozolele o vioka i nulembi mwesa e mpasi Any one who wishes to pass by, he it is to whom you must do no harm. Ana bewanga mo i ke bemona e mpasi ko It is those who attend to these things who do not suffer.
:

19.

A Noun

qualified

by a Cardinal Numeral does not take an

Article.
:

The

following exceptions to this rule must, however, be borne in mind thus qualified takes the Article when it appears in a Relative Clause or qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or Relative Clause
;

A Noun
or when when the
;

(see the list at the foot specially definite ; or after kwa, how many ; or in quoting some well-known instance or case in point. Where the Noun forms part of a clause in which the Verb is preceded by una,
is

Numeral

combined with the Demonstrative Pronoun

;

of page 573)

or

when

that particular

Number

is

wau, vava, ova, ovo, yavana, kufwila owu...ko,

it is

it

takes the Article, since

always

definite.

Qualified by

Numeral;

Indefinite.

Sumba nsusu ya
Buy
four fowls.

Lumbu

We
We
Tusumbidi
e

kimosi twele akangala One day we went for a stroll. Tuvondele nkayi zole:
killed

two harnessed antelopes.

Lumbu
In a Relative Clause.

tatu tulele

muna

nzila

slept three (days) nights

on the road.

kimbundi kina

mavwata masambanu
:

We bought a
Muna

piece of cloth which was six fathoms long.

evata dina tulele e lumbu tatu In the town in which we slept three days.
e zenzo

Vana yo kwa awana banete Vana vena

Where
e

tanu

Give them to those who carried

five barrels.
:

mbangi

zole

there are two witnesses.

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.

Kizolele e nkoinbo zazi zau atanu ko

I

do not want these

five goats.
:

mateva mau amatatu, ke mau ko

Not these three mats.

E nsusu

tanu, zina oyikidi

The five fowls which you mentioned. E ntaku zazi makumasambanu

:

These
Specially definite.

sixty ntaku.

E yandu nana
Not the

eight chairs

ngikidi, ke yau ko I mentioned.

E lumbu
One

ekimosi

of the days.
e

Nutunga
Ufwene vo
o

nzo eyimosi

You must build one of the houses. muntu mosi ofwa, ke mu wantu awonso ko

Better that one

man (in particular) muntu omosi

:

die than

all.

One
After kwa.

of the men.

Nkumbu kwa ndenda kaya

ntaku nkama yo makumaya muna

?
?

wantu makumole

How many times can I divide 140 rods among twenty men Wantu kwa balenda nata o mazitu mole ? How many men can carry two loads (each) ?
Instance or case in point.

Nga

mbizi

zole,

ke zau ko zatekwa muna lutaku e Are not two fish sold for a rod ?

E nlungu

miole miakukwidi ezono, miakangwa e nkangwa mosi The two canoes which drifted away yesterday were tied in the same way.

With una, wau,

&*c.

E ngonde nsambwadi

ova zavioka
:

After seven (or the seven) months.

E mvu miole una milungidi When the two years were up. Una kiviokele e lumbu tanu: When the five days were over.

A Noun

qualified

by a Partitive Numeral does not take an

Article, except in

Relative Clause.

Ubavana mankondo mole-mole

Give them two plantains each.

In a Relative Clause.

E ngamba
Those

carriers

zina zinete o malonga matatu-matatu who have carried three plates each.

IOIO

20.

sessive
in

There is an idiom in which the Object of the Verb is qualified by a PosPronoun (adj.], and neither the Subject nor the Object takes an Article
;

always implied that the Subject performs the action predicated himself, for himself, on his own account, not for any other. In this construction the Article is conspicuously absent from both Subject and Object, not even appearing as a Prefix to the Personal Pronouns.
it is

such case

Mpangi ame wateka mbwa zandi vana ezandu

My
With

brother himself sold his dogs on the market

the Articles
:

xnpangi

e mbwa My brother sold his dogs on the Ngwa ankazi otunganga nzo

ame wateka

zandi vana ezandu

market.

andi
;

building his house himself (With the Articles: Uncle is building his house).
is

Uncle

Kadi Kikudi ovwidi nzo andi For Kikudi has his own house. Nata kayi kiaku
:

Take a

cutlass for yourself

(With the Article :

Help yourself

Take your Bonga nguba zaku:

cutlass).

to ground-nuts, or take ground-nuts for yourself.

We

Tuzolele tunga belo kieto wish to build a quarter for ourselves.

:

Mono nsumba mbizi ame: I will buy my own meat. Mpangi ame wele tiama nkuni zandi

My

brother

We

gone to get his own firewood. Tuzolele solola nsi eto wish to find a country for ourselves.
is
:

Mono mpwidi lekwa yame I own my own things. Ovo onata e vevo kiame, nata mpe vevo kiaku If you carry my umbrella, take one for yourself. Kunati madia maku ko Do not take food for yourself With the Article: Do not take your food).
:
:

21.

When

Common Noun
it

or a Relative Clause, Negative Clause.

is qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun (adj.}, always takes the Article, whether in a Positive or

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

Kisumba kwame
I

nkombo yayi ko
diambu
diadi ko

will

not buy this goat.

e
:

Kalendi sweka

He

cannot hide

this affair.
:

Kolo kingi ke bamwene e ntetembwa ina ko They did not see that star for a long while.

ion

Katungidi

nzo yayina ko

He

did not build that house.

e

Kusouekene You have not written

Tuyokele
e

ngamba
names

zazi

ko

(the

of) these carriers.

:

ebaya dina diambote

e nzila

We
I

burnt the good plank.

Kikakilwa
will

yayi ko

not have this road shut against me.

e

Kivwidi
I

lekwa kiaki mfunu ko

for this thing.

have no use

Qualified by a Relative Clause.

Ke

tuzolele o nlele

We

do not

like cloth

una ulembi zinga ko which does not wear well.

:
:

Ke

We

tuvidisi e mbele ina watuvana ko did not lose the knife you gave us.
:

E nzo ina oyikidi yambote kikilu The house you mentioned is a fine one indeed. Nsumbidi e ngulu zina twamwene ezono I have bought the pigs which we saw yesterday, nleke wina wan
: :

Such a boy

as that.
:

Kisumba
I

nkombo ina wau ko

buy such a goat. Kisumba e nkombo ina oyikidi ko

will not
I

will

not buy the goat you mentioned.

its

22.

No

Article

comes between nkia, what, and

Noun.

Nkia muntu? What man ? Nkia ntangwa? What time ? Nkia nkombo ifwidi?

What
23. In a Clause introduced

goat

is

dead
as,

by ne or nze,

as though, the

Nouns do not take

an Article.

Ne banza vo nzo zau zividi As though their houses were burnt. Nze yandi wele vava nzimbu As if he had gone to seek some beads.
: :

Ne yeno nuvwidi mbele yayi nkinzi As though you had some need of this knife.
:

They entered

Bakotele ne yau bemonanga nsoni as though they were ashamed.

:

Ne kazeye lekwa kina mfunu ko

As
if

he did not know the use of that thing.

1012

24.

No

Article

is

used in the construction noted under " while (a

little

while),"

on page 810.

Una bafongele kimfonga-mfonga When they had been sitting a little while.
:

25. The Article is always present in subordinate sentences, whether Positive or Negative, which are connected with the principal by wau, una, ova, vava,

yavana,
to be.

wau
30.

kadi, kufwila owtt...ko, with any Predicate but kala or ina,

See rule

Nzambi,

wau

kazolele o kelelwa o

Since

God does

not desire

wantu e kimenga ko human sacrifices.

: :

The simple statement would be Nzambi kazolele kelelwa wantu kimenga ko God does not desire human sacrifices. Wau ke vena e kuma ko
:

Since there

is

no reason.
:

Wau
Wau
As they

ke bena o nsiku ko

Seeing that they have no law.

ke babongele nkutu e

ma

ko,

tubayambwidi
let

did not take anything,

we

them
:

go.

Una bamwene o muntu muna nzo When they saw a (or the) man in the house. Una ke bamwene o muntu muna nzo ko

When

they saw no one (or did not see the man) in the house.

Una
(//'/.

kafudidi nkutu o vova ko

Before he had finished speaking. while as yet he had not at all finished to speak.)

Una kiatungidi
Before
I

nzo ame ko

had

built

my

house.
:

Une ke kiabwidi

e sivu ko Before the cold season set in.

Ova ke vamonekene

muntu ko
e

Before any one appeared.

Vava ke kiasemeno

nza ko

Before the creation of the world.

Esi nsi, yavana ke bayambwidi o vonda e ndoki ko The people, until they abstain from killing witches

Aleke eto, kufwila owu tubalongele e fu yambote ko Our boys, although we taught them proper behaviour. Kufwila owu kalembele yambula e nsita zandi ko Although he did not give up his passion. Yavana ke nukondelo nkutu o tukau ko
:

So that you were lacking

in

no

gift.
:

nsangu, una zaluaka, o wantu awonso o wonga ubabakidi When the news arrived, all the people were seized with fear.
(lit.

fear seized them.)

26.

No

Article appears after the Conjunctions, OVO,

kana,

either, or, neither,

when they connect with a negative clause or sentence neither is there any Article after When ovo, kana, ngatu, nanga, nangi, nangu, ngatu, nganu, except. musungula connect with a positive sentence, the Article is used.
nor ; ngatu, musungula,
neither, nor, especially or certainly not.
;

Kukangala

Do
I

ko, ngatu teka maza not walk about nor fetch water.

Kibasongele lulendo ko, ngatu kanga yitu yau did not behave proudly to them, nor tie up their relations.
:

Awonso nangu Dimbu

All but

Dimbu.
:

wantu awonso bekwenda, nangu mfumu

All the people will go except the chief.

ozolele, nanga nsusu ampembe Take any fowl you like, except the white one. Kunati nzimbu ko, ovo mbele, ovo nti, ngatu nkele Take neither money, nor a knife, nor staff, nor gun.

Bonga konso nsusu

With Positive

Clauses.
:

o nlele wau, kana e mpu, ke diambu ko Whether this cloth, or the hat, it does not matter. Bonga konso nsusu ozolele, ovo e ekoko dina, ovo e nkento ina Take whichever fowl you like, either that cock or that hen.
27.

Kana

There

is

never any Article after the Preposition -a, of; or after any of

the Locatives.

Mwisi a mfomo
Tobacco smoke.

Ntambi za wantu The footsteps of people. Nzo a mfumu The house of the chief. Wele kuna belo kiandi:
:
:

He

is

gone

to his part of the town.

:

Vana

kio kwa nsusu Give it to the fowls.

Muna

nkele

In the box.

Vana fulu On the spot.

28.

When

tive Prefix,

a Narrative commences with an Impersonal Verb bearing a Locano Article ever precedes the Noun, not even when it is qualified by

a Relative Clause.

Vakezi muntu vana ezandu o unu There was a man at the market to-day. Kulueke Mundele kuna evata dieto There came a white man to our town.

Muvikukidi tembwa kiampwena

There beat down a great storm of wind. Vakala muntu wakala yo wana andi wole There was a man who had two sons.
If,

however, the Impersonal Verb introduces a secondary incident into a In such is prefaced to the Noun in Positive sentences. case, some Conjunction is expressed or implied in English, and, now, too, also ; or an Adverb, after that, then, at last, &c.
Narrative, an Article

I bosi, vezidi o muntu After that there came a man

Vakedi mpe
(Negative.}

nlungu vana ekumu

at the beach.

There was a canoe also

Ke vakedi mpe nlungu va ekumu ko

There was no canoe
either at the beach.

Mwakala

Now

there

e ndonga a aleke was a crowd of boys

muna

nzo

in the house.
:

Vamonekene
(After that) a

o nkunzi a mfumu messenger from the king appeared.

(Negative.}

Ke vamonekene nkunzi a mfumu ko There appeared no messenger from the chief.

:

Subject,

These remarks only apply to cases where the Impersonal Verb introduces the and commences the sentence.

29. When the Verbs kala, -na, or -ina, to be, are used with or without the Article to express the Verb to have (normally}, the Noun which completes the Predicate takes or omits the Article in accordance with the general rules of

the Article

so also

when

these Verbs bear an Impersonal Prefix (Locative or

ki- for time], they follow the general rules.

When these Verbs precede a Noun under any other circumstances than those above noted, they are never followed by an Article. When the Verb to be is understood, but not expressed, or where the Demonstrative Verbal Particle i (which is equivalent to the Verb to be in all its parts) precedes the Noun, and serves as the Verb to be; or after the Pronominal Particles or or after the Particles se, ne or nze i, U, tu, twa, nu, nwa (see page 579) when -ina is combined with VO (bena VO) the Noun following never takes an Article, not even in a Relative Clause, and so far overrides that far-reaching
; ;

rule.

With kala or

-ina, to

have (normally}.

Wina kwandi o moyo He is alive (with life).

Awana bena

meso mole
eyes.

Those who have two

E mbizi ina ke ina nkila ko That animal has no tail (negative clause}.
:

Bearing a Locative

Prefix.
:

Bafongele vana vakedi o maza They sat down where there was water.

Wele kuna kwina

mbunzi ame

He
With kala and

is

gone

to the place

where

my

brother

is.

-ina, to be,

under other circumstances.

Mbula kakala aka nkaza ame: Let her continue to be my wife. Mbula kakala nkaza ame
:

Let her be

He
I

Kazolele does not wish to be

my wife. kala mfumu

ko

chief.
:

Nzolele kukula, yakala mfumu ngani wish to redeem myself, that I may be free.

Ke tukedi ntaudi zandi ko

We
Then you

were not

his boys.
:

Ozevo okala kaka mpofo

will

always be a blind man.

Wau

ngina
I

mfumu aku
your
chief.

Since

am

Twakalanga ntaudi zandi

We

were his boys.

:

mbazi nkala nkwa aku To-morrow I shall be your companion.

Kadi mfumu kena
Because he
is
:

chief.

The

Verb, to be, understood.

Unkitwidi nkaza andi

He made

her (to be) his wife. Ovangidi kio mbele andi

:

He made it (to Tuwumbidi

be) his knife.

lo

kinzu

We
I

moulded

it

into (being) a cooking pot.

:

Ikumvanga mvwama kikilu make him (to be) a very rich man. Adieyi bankitulwidi mbundu? Why have they made a slave of me ? (lit. me to be E nkombo ke ilendi kituka ngulu ko
will

a slave).
:

goat cannot be transformed so as to be a pig. Ozengele wo nti ankufi

:

He

cut

it

so that

it

was a short

stick.
:

Insumbidi mbundu ame I bought him to be my slave.

Una ngyele kubatala, kinga wana aku ankazi! When 1 went to see them, they were your nephews
!

ioi6

Tuwidi

e titi isosola, nsa,

rustle,
it

tukulukidi

We

heard the grass

was a

nsa,

we crouched down.
:

Aleke yau awole, Bakana yo Mpongi The two boys are Bakana and Mpongi.

wantu yau atanu, wana ame nkutu

Those
five

people are

all

my

children.
:

Ondioyo mbundii a Makitu That man is a slave of Makitu.

With

the Particles.

Kadi eyayi
For
this is
i

i nzo eto our house.

Nga vo
As
I

mfumu

eto

for our chief

mpanga tuvangidi
That
is

kio
it.

how we made

Kizolele kala diaka i mfumu ko I do not wish to be any longer chief.

Konso ona ovanganga esumu i mbundu a esumu He who commits sin is the slave of sin. Kumoni o wonga ko, tu mpangi zaku Do not be so afraid, we are your brothers. Ovo o yeno nu mfumu
:
:

If

you are
i

chiefs.

Ovo yeno
If

mfumu

you are the chiefs. Ovo yau i a mfumu

If

they are the chiefs.

Ovutukidi se

mfumu

ngani

He came back (being) a free man. Kansi owau se nleke ambi

:

But now he

is

a bad boy.
:

Wina kwandi ne bulu He is like an animal.

Untungila
Build
e nzo,

ne nzo aku

me

a house like yours.

:

Kina ne
I

i wantu akaka ko am not like other people. Wina nze mfumu eto He is like our chief.
:

-ina vo, &*c.

A mfumu
The

chiefs

Owau se Now they are orphan children. Ana bena vo i mfumu zeto
Those who are our
chiefs.

bena vo minkwikizi who are Christians. bena vo wana ansona

:

'or;

Relative sentence.

Kina kina ne nsongo Which is like copper.

30. After an Auxiliary Verb the Infinitive Noun never takes an Article otherwise the Infinitive Noun follows the rule of other Nouns. After zola it is

sometimes dispensed with.

Toma nata

Carry carefully.

You

will

Osinga kwenda: go all in due course. Bevika luaka

:

They

will

soon be here.

After any other Verb the Infinitive

ing to the general rules above given.

Noun

takes, or omits the Article accord-

Misundidi o lambuka They are longer.

Nani

ozolele o

sumba kio?
it ?

Who
Balutidi o zola e

wishes to buy

mbika ke

mu

mbizi ko
:

They

preferred gourd pips to meat.

Bazolele kikilu o kwenda They want very much to go.

N.B. The rules which regulate the use of the Article in combination with other parts of speech, or members of the sentence, are here given that all may be together\ and thus afford better means of comparison.
31. The Adjective konso, each, every, always precedes its Noun, but never receives an Article Prefix, neither does the Noun it qualifies take an Article

under any circumstances.

Konso muntu kenda kwandi

Any one may

Any

go.
:

Konso etadi, etadi kwandi stone will do (///. any stone is a stone).
Bokela konso muntu Call any one. Konso aleke banata yo
:

Any boys may

32.

carry them.
its

The Secondary
as a Prefix.

Adjective -aka, some, takes the Article Proper to

Noun

Ezaka ntangwa Some times. Eyaka lekwa Some things.

:

Article or otherwise.

The Personal Pronouns follow the rule of the Nouns as to the use of the They receive the Article as a Prefix when a Noun would have it, and dispense with it when it would be absent in a Noun.
33.

ioi8

The Personal Pronouns, however,

curt assertion
;

or before

take no Article prefix in a reply or in a kaka, and aka, only / or after a Locative or after
;
;

OVO, or kana, either, or; or after the Particle

also rule 20.

or in a Negative Clause

see

With

the Article Prefix.

Wan. vo oyandi mpe mwisi Ekongo

Since he too
is

a Kongo.
:

Oyeto tumvovese vo

We
You

said to

him

that.
:

Oyeno nu akwa ngangu

are the wise ones.
:

Oyau mpe benda dia They too may go and eat.

Reply.

mwisi Ekongo nani ? Yandi Which is the Kongo ? This is he. Nani ? Mono i muntu
:

Who ?
Nani ofilanga
e

am
?

the man.

mpaka ?

Who

raises objections

We

Yeto kweto kibeni ourselves do so.

:

Nani ovntukidi ?

Mono kwame
?

Who

has returned

I.

Nani utumini ?

Yandi kibeni

Who sent you ? He himself. Nani i mfunm ? Ngeye i mfumu Who is chief? You are the chief.
Curt assertion.
:

Mono i mfumu a evata I am the chief of the town. Yandi i nleke ame, untuma ovo ozolele wo He is my servant, send him if you like. Mono kwame i Mvungudi ambote I am the good Shepherd.
:

Before kaka.

Mono kaka nzeye

I

dio

only

know

it.

After a Locative.

Ovene kio

kwa mono
it

He

gave

to me.
:

Oko kwa yeno

To
After
i.

you.

Vo

mono
for

As

me.
:

Edi babenze, i mono They think that it is I.

Bena ne They are

Ovovele nze

ye to
i

like us.

yandi

He
In a Negative Clause.

speaks like him.

Eansi ke mono ko
But
After ngatu, nangu, or ovo.
it is

not

I.

Ke yandi

ko, ngatu Neither he nor

mono
I.

Konso muntu nangu yandi Any one but he. Ovo ngeye, ovo yandi, ke diambu ko
:

Either you or he,

34.

it

does not matter.

The Personal Pronouns

i,

Particle

or
;

even without
also before

it,

take the Article Prefix before the Demonstrative when comparisons, or contradistinctions are
too,

being

made

mpe,

also,
it

ngatu,

in particular, when otherwise the Article Prefix is absent.

especially,

as well; or after musungula, or connects with a Positive Clause,

Comparisons, &c.
I

Omono i mfumu, oyeno am the chief, you are the

i

leke

servants.

Oyeto

asukami, ongeye

mvwama
my

We

are poor people, you are rich.

:

Ovo wantu akaka balemfoele kwenda, omono, kwenda nkwenda

If other

people will not go,

(for

part) will.

Mpe,

&>c.

Omono mpe, nzeye o tanga I also know how to read.

Oyau mpe bene ye ngangu They too are clever. Musungula oyeno, longa ikunulonga
:

Especially you,

will

teach you.
esi belo

Nzolele o
I

wantu awonso benda, musungula oyeno

all

kiame

want

who belong to my Oyeto awonso mpe tuzolele o toma vwata All of us too, we wish to dress well.
the people to go, especially you
:

quarter.

Musungula and ngatu after a Negative Clause. Ke vekwenda muntu ko, musungula ngeye
aleke ko, ngatu yandi did not see any boys, certainly not him.
:

No one Kimwene

shall go, especially you.

35.

When

the Personal Pronouns are qualified by -awonso,

all,

they do not

take the Article Prefix unless they are preceded by particular, or followed by mpe, also, too, as well.

musungula,

especially, in

IO2O

Tuzolele o kwenda, yeto awonso

We

want

to go, all of us.

Kekubavondesa

He

will

not put

all

ko, yau awonso of them to death.

Akinani tukwenda yau ? Yeto awonso With whom shall we go ? With us all.

words stating or requiring a reason, the 36. After e kuma, and such Personal Pronouns take the Article Prefix, unless the case is exceptional, or in that case the Article Prefix is kaka, only, is expressed or understood
;

absent.

E kuma

kadi oyeno, zonza kwingi Because you are very quarrelsome.

Kadi
Exceptional.

oyeto,

kwiza tukwiza

Because we are coming.

Kadi yeno nuzolele kumwesa

Because you
like to

mpasi zazi:

bring this trouble upon yourselves.

With kaka.

Kadi yandi kaka basadisi

37.

Because they only helped him.

ye, or yo, are simply preceded by the Article
list

Adverbs derived from Nouns, when not formed with the Locatives, or ya, this will be apparent from the on page 604. When such an Adverb is brought out of its normal position,
;

so that instead of following the Verb, it precedes it, the Article is dropped. following Adverbs of time may take their Article when they precede the o 1'uku, e mbanu, Verb, when they are highly emphatic nganu,

The

masika, o mbazi, o unu, o the Locative Adverbs and Prepositions take the specially emphatic, and preceding the Verb.

mbatu,

o ngatu, o

elelo.

In the same way

Article as a Prefix,

when

E kuma

kadi,

nswalu kabamwene
:

Because he saw them quickly.

Kadi malembi kediatanga

Because he walks slowly.

Mbazi kekwiza

He comes to-morrow. Mbatu okuna yo

:

Plant

it

later

on

in the day.

Ngovo nutambwidi, nuvana

ngovo
:

Freely you have received, freely give.

Ezaka ntangwa betela ikwendanga

Sometimes they
coincide.
:

Kimfundu-mfundu kevovanga

He speaks in whispers. Lumonso ketanga He plays left-handedly.

:

1021

Specially emphatic.

unu okwenda
This very day he

will go.
:

mbanu okwiza
He
will

be sure to come presently.

fuku wele

He

actually went by night.

Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.

Okoko

kena

He

is

there (with you).

:

Omuna tukunwana
There we
shall surely

meet him.
:

Ovava ke vau ko
Not
Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.
there.

Okuna nzo At the house

Not

kiimwene ko

?
?

do you not see him

Okwaku kwina

o maza, ke kwau here where there is water.

ko

Ovavana ezandu There on the market.

:

38. In simple statements the Adverbs, nswalu, quickly; malembe, gently ; but an kieleka, truly / kikilu, indeed, are not preceded by an Article Article appears in the phrase, e kieleka kiau, surely.
;

Wenda nswalu

Go quickly. Nata malembe kikilu

Carry
it

very gently.

Toma kunsamunwina Tell me truly.

39. After

kieleka

kuma,
i

kuma
i,

kiki, e

dianu, diau,

diau didi,

nkia

kuma kadi, okala vo kadi, kuma? e kuma? adieyi? and

kadi, such

words stating or requiring a reason, the Adverbs, nswalu, malembe, and e kieleka, take their Articles, when they assume their normal position following the Verbs they modify.

E kuma

kadi, o
it

kwenda
was

nswalu, diampasi
go quickly.
:

Because

difficult to

I diau didi ndembele kio natina o malembe That is why I did not carry it carefully.

I tuvovelanga o nswalu That is why we talk rapidly.

Adieyi nuzolele dio kunsamunwina e kieleka wau? Why do you want to tell me truthfully about it now ?
3

1022

40. The Conjunction and Preposition ya, and, or with, may combine with the Article proper to the Noun following it, and thus become, ya, ye, or yo, as the case may require in so doing it follows the rules of the Article, combining in those cases in which a Noun takes an Article, and not combining where an
;

Article should be absent, except in the cases noted below.

Wenda ye vevo kiaku

Go
Banete o
loso,

with your umbrella.

ye ntaku, yo mungwa, yo malonga, ye nsonso, yo nkele mosi They carried rice, and salt, and plates, and nails, and one gun.
:

41. When the Conjunction and Preposition ya, ye, or yo, is used in a Negative Clause, the first time it occurs it does not combine with the Article, except in those cases in which a Noun would take it as in a Relative clause, The second and any subsequent occurrences &c., see the rules above.
;

combine with the

Article.

Ke tuna ya kwanga ye mbizi ko

We

have no kwanga or meat.

nibele

Ke tuna ya

ko

We
I

have no

knife.
:

Kina ya mwana akaka ko

have no other
child.

Ke

We

twizidi ya nkele ye mbele yo maswanga ko have not come with guns and knives and spears.

Relative Clause Negative.

Mana ke makedi yo mfunu ko

Which were useless. Nuvondele o muntu kena ye diambu ko You have killed a man who was innocent.
After wau, &*c.

Wau

kina ye nzo ko

Now that I have no house. Una kakedi yo mwana ko When he had no child.
42.

Ya, ye, or yo, are used before Nouns

qualified

by a Numeral.
:

Tukwenda ye mfumu

zole

We

shall

go with two

chiefs.

43. When ya, ye, or yo, are used before konso, whichever, any, &c., they agree with the Noun or Pronoun qualified by the konso.

Yo konso nti: And every tree. Ye konso nkombo And any goat. Yo konso ona And any one who
:

1023

Ye konso zina And any which

44.

Ya
in

is

used without an Article before the

Names
;

question is not a personal acquaintance English idea of, a certain, or some one named.

Person

it

of Persons, when the carries with it the

Bele ya Tezo They went with a certain Tezo. Vana ezandu dina bawananini ya Mpandu On that market they met with a person named Mpandu. I bosi bavambanini ya Ntoni Then they separated from (the man) Ntoni.
: :

45.

Ya

is

pressed, or

when any unusual

used without combination with the Article, when surprise is exor astonishing circumstances are spoken of.

mfumu wekala ya nzimbu

The
As
if

zingi

chief

had a great deal of money.

:

Ne yeno nwatuka ya moyo muna mafwa

you had come back
alive

from the dead.

Owau wina ya wana engi: Since you have many children. Bena ya kiese king!
;

They

are very happy.

[p. 7 o8.]

THE POSITION OF ATTRIBUTES.

"
;

In the preceding consideration of the Attributes of the Subject" there are given sentences which may serve to illustrate also the position of such attributes in the sentence there will be found also certain rules on pp. 708-9. It needs further to be noted that in a series of qualifying words and clauses

the Possessive Pronoun has the precedence, and stands next to its Noun next in order come Numerals, or the Demonstrative Pronoun, or combinations of
;

both

qualification

then the most characteristic, or important attribute then any further if there are more than one remaining, then -ampa, new ; -ankulll, old; -ambote, good; -ambi, bad; and such qualifications rank last in mention.
; ;

E mbele aku

yayi
:

This knife of yours. Nsusu zeno tatu

Your three

fowls.
:

E
malonga

nti

miau antatu miambote Those three good trees.

mame maya manti mampembe mampa My four good new white wooden plates.
Konso.
precedes the
:

inambote

Konso,
qualifies.

each, any, every, always

Noun

or Pronoun which

it

Konso muntu

Any man.
-aka, -akaka.
shorter form, -aka, is practically the Secondary Form of -akaka, some, -aka precedes its Noun, concording with it, and taking the other, some more, Article proper to the Class of its Noun as a Prefix.

The

The

longer, or Primary form, -akaka, follows

its

noun.
:

Ezaka nsonso or Some

;

nsonso zakaka

nails.

Akaka

is

preferred with

Nouns

of the ist Class plural,

and precedes
;

its
it

Noun, unless it implies some more, or follows a Preposition follows its Noun.

in that

case

Akaka antu

Other or some people

bazolele zo like them.

:
:

wantu akaka balueke Some more people have come. Muna diambu dia wantu akaka
For the sake of other people.
1024

1025

Otherwise -aka is generally to be translated by some; -akaka, by other; -aka...-akaka or -aka... aka..., in comparisons, by some... other.
.

Ezaka ntangwa bekwizanga,

ntangwa zakaka ke bekwizanga ko

at other

Sometimes they come,

times they do not.

:

Emiaka nti misavukidi, emiaka ke misavukidi ko Some trees have budded, others have not.

Kwame,
;

&c.
follow

The Pronouns kwame, kwakn, kwandi, kweto, kweno, and kwau,

;

immediately after the Predicate but an Objective Pronoun has precedence, if there be one when there is an Auxiliary (or Auxiliaries), it comes after the principal Verb. Bele kwau They have gone.
:

Kizolele
I

kwame kwenda ko
to go.
:

do not wish

Onete yo kwandi

He
Kizolele
I

carried

it.

mo kwame

soneka ko

do not wish

to write them.

Adieyi nulembele vika zo natina kweno? Why did you not carry them off quickly ?

THE
When

PREDICATE.

COMBINATIONS OF TWO OR MORE VERBS.

two or more Verbs, connected by the Conjunction yo, combine as one
Predicate, the first alone receives the Subjective Pronominal and Tense Prefixes, the other Verbs appear in the Infinitive mood, bearing any Objective

Pronominal Prefixes which Pronoun is repeated.

may appear on

the

first

Verb.

No

Objective

Nunlanda yo kunlemvokela
Follow and obey him. Bampavidi yo kunsolola They sought and found me.
:

Nutoma kubakayisa yo kubatambula

With an Objective Pronoun.

Greet them well, and accord them a reception.

We

Tubongele zo yo toma lunda took them, and carefully kept them.

:

Finish

Pula dio yo kufika: it then, and make it short.

THE AUXILIARY VERBS.

When the idiom requires that the Verb which receives the Auxiliary should be preceded by its Infinitive Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun (see page 532), which is formed by prefixing the light nasal to the stem, it is never the

1026

Infinitive

Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun of the Auxiliary which thus

I ngyenda ndembele kwenda This is why I did not go (lit. This is the going I failed to go.)
:

precedes, but always that of the principal Verb.

I ndata kalendele Mo nata This is how he was able to carry

it.
:

Bansaimmwini e mpaika kavikidi vaika They told me how soon he went out. Kwenda kelembi kwenda
:

He
Sumba yadi
I

will

not go.
:

kio snmba, kansi

it,

should have bought

shall

but
o

Luaka tunanga luaka

mbazi

We

perhaps arrive to-morrow.

THE ORDER OF COMBINED AUXILIARIES.

will assist one Verb, in such case the Negative Auxiliaries take the first precedence, lemba, -lembi, kambwa, -adi next in order of precedence are those of certainty (delayed], za, singa, sa next, possibility, nanga then, those of time, then, potentiality, lenda, fwete or position in point of time, teka, vika, vita, -kanini, -kini (Bako.) next,
; ;
; ; ;

Sometimes more than one Auxiliary

the Auxiliary Verbs, baka, bonga, tuka then, those of manner, toma, kwama, sala and lastly, those of completeness, mana and vwa.
; ;

probably correct that zola, to want, when followed by the Infinitive Noun without its Article, is an Auxiliary Verb it takes the precedence of all the Auxiliaries an Objective Pronoun, if there be one, immediately precedes the principal Verb ; except when the Auxiliaries mana and vwa are employed
It
is
; ;
;

these two Auxiliaries immediately precede the principal Verb, and the Objective

12
-adi

Pronoun must precede them.

Certainty.
Possibility.

Want.

345 6789
Potentiality.

Negative.

Time.

(?)

Manner.

6"

^j^!^

zola

lemba
-lembi

za

nanga lenda
-fwete

singa
sa

teka vika
vita -kanini
-kini

kambwa

baka bonga tuka

toma
sala

mana kwama vwa

EXAMPLES.

They

will

Baza nanga lenda vika toma kio vwa katula then most probably be soon able to completely take
careful

it

away

in a

manner.
:

Bazolele teka mana luaka They wish to arrive all of them (completely) Adieyi balembele kwama kwizila? Why do they not come constantly ? Bafwete vika luaka: They ought to be here very soon.

first.

1027

Those who

singa kwenda go when the proper time comes. Olenda toma dio soneka, ovo ozolele wo You can write it well, if you care to do so.
:

Awana balembi
will fail to

E nzimbu zame zawonso kabongele zo mana dia, odidi All my money he must needs appropriate completely.

zo

(In recounting the outrageous circumstances of the last example, a good orator would introduce thus the Verb bonga, and state what was done, and then

repeat the statement, odidi zo, the whole interested part of the audience repeating the odidi ZO with him at the same time this is a very effective style of harangue, the audience being in this way worked up into excite;

ment and

indignation,

and thus the point

is

carried.)

THE COMPLEMENT OF THE PREDICATE.

Verb to be admits of an Adjective as its complement in never the case, only Nouns or Adverbs (or Noun or Adverbial sometimes the Verb to be is transformed into the Verb Clauses) can so serve to have (to be with], to get over the difficulty. Unless an Adverb is preferable, a Noun or Noun Clause corresponding to the adjectival idea in English is
In English the
this is
;

Kongo

used

where the idea

is its

is

participial, the

Infinitive

Noun

serves to express

it.

In Relative Clauses the Particle

vo

follows immediately after the

Verb

to be,

when a Noun

complement.
;

Akwa umvwama bena

He

or

mvwama
:

bena

They are rich. Kuna makasi kena

is

angry.
:

Kena diaka ku makasi ko He is no longer angry.

:

Bena ye kiese kingi lit. They have great happiness. Awana kaka bena vo avimpi yo kumama Only those who are healthy and strong. Kuna kwa awana bena vo minkwikizi yo zolwa: To those who are faithful and beloved. Awana bena mvwama mu nsangi a kiese Those who are rich as well as happy.
They
are very happy
;
: :

VERBS OF RESTRICTED SENSE.

Certain Verbs indicating motion concern themselves only with the place from which the action proceeds, and not at all with the direction towards which
the action tends among them are, katllka, to go away from, to leave; and yaluka, to migrate from. When the place from is of no moment, while the place towards only is mentioned, or the motion is viewed in both its aspects, from and towards, either the Applied Form must be used before the place or the Verbs kwenda, to go, or towards (the place from being omitted) kwiza, to come, must be made use of. Kulumuka, to descend to, refers to the place to which the descent is made, and the above rule must be adjusted
; ;

accordingly.

1028

Katuka muna nzo Go out of the house. Bekulumuka ova nsi

:

They will come down to the ground. wantu awonso bakatukidi muna nlungu, bezidi kuna eseke
All the people got out of the canoe (and came) on the beach.

Bayalukidi kuna Ngombe a Ntumha, bele kuna Mputu-Kasongo They migrated from Ngombe a Ntumba to Mputu-Kasongo. Bakatukila kuna nsi akaka: They went away to another country.

SUBJECTIVE PREFIXES.
noted that Kongos are most careful that the Subject of conversation should be the Subject of the Verb. In a narrative it often happens that there is no one Subject, but a course of in such case, various Subjects circumstances, or actions are being narrated occupy the attention one after the other, and for the time being rule sentence after sentence, until superseded by other matter but the Subject for the time
621
it

On page

is

being is paramount, and if necessary the Passive or Middle Voice is used, or even the Passive of the Middle Voice, in a way and extent which is strange to those who are used to European Syntax, but which is nevertheless perfectly
correct as ideal

Grammar and

Syntax.

This idiom prevails even in the presence of a Relative Pronoun, which although the object, is emphatic, and takes the first place in the clause, as is
seen in the following sentences
:

Ona bafwilwa

He who

died for them

///.

Him by whom

they were died

:

for.

Bamwene mpe ona batungila e nzo They saw him for whom they built the house.
PREFIX AFTER COMPOUND SUBJECTS.
710 the rules given from "when the predicate possesses" (line n) to the end of the page must be superseded ; the statement that the Verb

On page

Out of many first of two subjects if emphatic is not correct. the Verb assumes the Prefix proper to the subjects the last mentioned rules Number and Class of the last named but if one of the Subjects is personal, the Personal Noun rules and where one person is specially mentioned with
concords with the
; ; ;

his subordinates, the person

may rule the Verb. E nkele zaku yo makuba maku malueke

Your boxes and bales have
arrived.
:

Nguba ye kwa yambalu kikilu Ground-nuts and potatoes are exceedingly dear. E nzo zandi yo masole mandi mataikidi His houses and forest clearings are sold.
:

Mundele ye mbongo zandi wizidi The White-man and his goods have come. mfumu Makitu ya aleke andi wele kuna evata diaku The chief Makitu and his retainers have gone to your town.
:

1029

mfumu

Leopold ye ndonga kikilu wizidi tala

lekwa yatuka kuna

Ekongo

King Leopold and a great crowd has come to see the things which came from the Kongo. Ana bafwa, ye tembwa mpe, bawanga e ndinga andi The dead, and even the winds, obeyed his voice.
:

Nangu olenda ye ndonga andi banwana ye

Perhaps he
is

esi

evata dina

able, with his party, to fight (that they should fight) with the

people of that town.

In this case the Subject of olenda

and

his party (pi.)

become

the Subject of

nwana.

PREFIX AFTER COLLECTIVE NOUNS.

After Collective
Prefix proper to
Prefix proper to

Nouns (though singular in form) the Verb may wear the or the plural the Class and Number of the Collective Noun the Noun to which the Collective Noun refers or rather, the
;

Noun which expresses the individuals considered collectively in the Noun whether such Noun is expressed or understood such
;

Collective

Collective

Nouns

are few.

Mbidi a wantu wafwa (or bafwa) Great numbers of people died.

Ndonga yingi

A great
Bemba

bele (or yele) anlandi multitude went after him.

kingi (kia mbizi za maza) kibakamene (or zibakamene) A great shoal (of fish) was caught.

PREFIX AFTER PERSONAL AND PERSONIFIED NOUNS.

In agreeing with many Personal Nouns of various classes, considered as persons, the Verb may receive a Prefix of the ist Class, but in such case the Noun must be prefaced by the Article of the ist Class (if any Article appears
at all), not the Article proper to its

own
Class

Noun may concord

personification.

with

its

own

Class, although the Attributes of the the ist Class Article indicates the
;

olueke, the chief has come j here the 2nd Class Noun, mfumu, is brought into the ist Class and thus personified otherwise mbuta aku wizidi, your relative has come, or, it is e mfumu ilueke.
;
:

mfumu

mbuta aku

izidi.

Tulundanga

We

o malongi batulongele o mase meto keep the teachings which our fathers taught us. selo kiaku, ovo ozolele o kwiza If your steward likes to come.
:

A mfumu
The
Animals,
trees,

chiefs of the country

za nsi ke bazolele wo ko: do not like it.

and

moment supposed

are for the things, may be thus personified, if they to hear, see, think, speak, or act, and the Verb receives a

personal prefix accordingly.

The Seasons may be

I

thus personified.
:

ngo vo, The Leopard said,

Ngongo ame

do not want

to.

1030

Sivu, ovo obwidi

When

the Cold Season has set

in.

PREFIX AFTER CONJUNCTIONS OF TIME.

c., or Conjunctions of Time, wan, una, ova, vava, yavana, even where they are understood, the Verb assumes an Impersonal prefix, ki(lumbu, kolo, tandu, or some such noun of time being understood).

After the

Una ke kiasnmbiln

o nti ko Before the tree was bought.

Una kivene o mfnmn o nswa When the chief gave permission.

Wan
Now

kizidi o

mayela

mama

that this epidemic has come.

:

"Wanna kiafnlwa Kristn mnna mafwa

I

Since Christ has been raised from the dead.

That

nsonama kiasonama o mambn is how the words were then written.

:

CONCORD BY ATTRACTION.
There is a singular idiom in Relative Sentences by which the Verb takes its " " Subjective Prefix by attraction from the Noun immediately preceding it, it is not really its It appears although Subject at all, being actually the Object.
that the Subject in such sentences follows the Verb, rather than come between it and the Relative, and the Verb assumes the prefix proper to the word which

immediately precedes

it.

E lekwa
The

kina kizolele o
thing which

mwana ame

my
:

child wants.

This sentence might also be translated The thing which loves (or wants)

my

child. at the foot of

707.

This is the explanation of the singular construction noted Further examples are here given
:

page

Bazikidi o

They buried

the

muntn ndiona ovondele e esi evata man who was killed by the towns-folk, or who killed Tnmwene e nkombo isnmbidi Kipati
:

them.

We saw the goat

which Kipati bought.

:

Ntambwidi
I

o nkanda watnsonekena Mpongi have received the letter which Mpongi wrote to us.
:

In the

Batwese e nkayi yasikidi Makwekwe ezono They brought the antelope which Makwekwe shot yesterday. same way there may be an "Attracted'' Subject to Intransitive Verbs.

Vana esambn diame divwende Kiantongona

At

my

side sat Kiantongona.

Knna Kindinga, evata

diakete, diekala omaka makangn At Kindinga, a small town, were some friends of mine. Unsamnnwina knna kwatnka o wiki Tell me where the honey came from.
:

mame

Some such " Concord by Attraction " as above noted must explain the Where an action is only performed by one particular following singular idiom. The Passive or class, or thing, the Predicate concords with the Object.
Middle Voice would appear to be more appropriate, but the Active is used and the Verb " by attraction " takes as its Subject the Subject of conversation.

madia mama, mfumu media

Only chiefs eat
Sickness
this food.
:

mayela, ndoki melokanga is only caused by witches.

:

Ezaka ntangwa wantu kwandi zituntanga nzaza Sometimes only men haul the barges.
nlele, Mindele ukubanga Only White-men weave cloth. mvwatu, akala mitunganga: Only men sew clothes.
:

E
E

mfundi, akento zilambanga Only women cook puddings.

OBJECTIVE PRONOMINAL PREFIXES.

of the ist Class only can be represented by a Pronominal Prefix, the rules as to their form and use are given in the Grammar on pp. 670-87, and in

Nouns

the Syntax on page 716. In the latter place it applied to the Auxiliary, but to the principal Verb.

is

noted that they are not

:

Such a sentence as
:

Nanga tukunlenda o baka Perhaps we shall be able to catch him,

is no exception to the rule the Article before the Infinitive Noun shows that lenda is not serving as an Auxiliary, but as an ordinary Verb, and so receives the Objective prefix, which might appear with equal correctness on the
;

Infinitive

Noun, baka, thus

Nanga tulenda
Many Adverbs
take an Article
:

kumbaka.

MODIFICATIONS OF THE PREDICATE.

the rules which determine the use of the
Article with the Adverb, &c., are given in this Appendix to the Syntax, under " The Attributes of the Subject The Article Rules 37-39." The influence of the Adverbs and Adverbial Clauses on the Pronominal prefix of the 3rd Person

singular

is

noted in the Grammatical Section of this Appendix, under " The

Subjective Pronominal Prefixes."

Pronoun

Ne, nze.
as though, take the Demonstrative Verbal Particle i after them, when they precede a Noun qualified by a Demonstrative or Relative Pronoun, or when they commence a clause indeed, wherever the
as, like as,
;

Ne, and nze,

verbal idea as though

(it

were), &c.,

is

to be implied.
:

Kina ne

It is like (as

disu dia lulungu, dina dimenene though it were) a pepper seed, which grew. Ne luvuma lua titi i kevempokela Like a flower of the grass he will disappear.
i
:

1032

>He
Otherwise.

Wina ne bulu
is

like

an animal.

PARTICLES OF NEGATION.

two Negative sentences are joined by ne or nze, as though, as g J WU - k0 "**"*' the sec nd Pardclejust if of Negal tionlT tion appears once and that at the end of the combined only, sentences.

When

"

^^

'

Kumpangi diau adimosi ne ki mfumu eno ko Do not treat me as though I were not chief.
your

Kunati

e nkele

Do
Do

ne banza vo ke izita ko
:

not carry the box as though it were not heavy. Kungika ne ki makangu maku ko not speak of me as though I were not

your friend.
:

Not

Kufwila owu ngina vo ki

losing sight of the fact that
I

mfumu ko
am

not the chief.

POSITION OF MODIFIERS OF THE PREDICATE.

Ko, mo, vo.
are really the Objective Pronouns proper to adverbially, but in the matter of position they ollow the rules of. the Objective Pronoun (page 716). The Conjunction inkwa, lug, is verbal to some extent in character, and follows the rules as to the position of the Auxiliaries (page 711).

The Locatives, ko, mo, vo, kuma, muma, and vuma, used

He

Ozolele ko kota wishes to enter there.

: :

Kazolele ko kota ko

He does not wish to enter there. Maza mavaikidi mo ezono

:

Water flowed from

that place yesterday.

:

Unkwa mo wana ma
Mpe.

Lest that he should find something therein.

mpe; nata mpe

would be correct

especially refers to the Verb, or to its Object follows immediately after the Verb ; nothing can intervene but the Objective Pronoun but that also may follow the mpe; indeed, it is preferable for the sake of Euphony, if for no other reason, that the Objective Pronoun should follow the

Mpe,

also, too,

when

it

dio

is

in Syntax.

more euphonic than nata did mpe, although

:

either

Bekwenda mpe kuna Lukunga

They go
also to

Lukunga.
:

Tubamwene mpe

We

saw them

too.
:

Londa mpe vava

Mend
Nata mpe
Carry
it

here too.

dio

kuna nzo

also to the house.

1033

Kwiza kekwiza mpe He will come too.

When mpe

is

the Subject, but after

Noun and any

especially connected with the Subject, the mpe follows any Adjective qualifying the Noun ; but between the Adjectival Clause.

more

^j

E nguba mpe, ke zisumbwanga

:

diaka ko

Ground-nuts also are no longer being bought. E nzo aku mpe ividi Your house too is burnt.

Mama mpe
These

bevanga

things, too, they will do.

Oyeto mpe, tuzolele

wo

We, too, like it. E nsusu zandi mpe, zina katwela, zabilama
His fowls,
too, that

he kept were very numerous.

When mpe more

Pronoun with the Verbal Particle Personal Pronoun.

especially modifies a combination of the Demonstrative after the Subjective i, the mpe comes

I yandi

mpe yuyu:
it is

He
I waii

too.
:

mpe wuwu
it is

So

too.
:

I diau mpe didi This too is why.

Nkutu, diaka, kaka, aka. The Adverbs nkutu, at all, even, indeed, on no account, never ; diaka, again; kaka, and aka, only, always, when referring especially to the Verb
its Object, follow immediately upon the Verb, the Objective Pronoun or only being allowed to intervene. Nkutu, kaka, and aka, may refer to the Subject only Adjectives may intervene. When referring to the Demonstrative Pronoun combined with i, it follows the Subjective Personal Pronoun. They sometimes modify other

or to

mpe

Adverbs, and accordingly follow immediately after them, Verb.

if

they precede the

Kunsimbi nkutu ko

On no account touch me. Ke tumwene kio nkutu ko:

We did
Wenda

not see

it

at

all.
:

dio nata diaka

Go and carry it again. Sumba kaka masele mole

Buy only two masele (fish). Besinsanga aka o kumbaka They are always trying to catch him. Akaka nkutu babayambwidi bakota They even allowed other people to enter.
:

1034

yau kaka yaya bekwenda

Only these are
to go.

wan mpe wuwu

tuvovele

And so we said. Sa nkutu nwamona

Indeed you
will

soon see him.

:

Owau nkutu wizidi He is even now come.

Nkutu may come between
the Auxiliary and
its

Verb.
:

Toma nkutu kunsimba

Hold him indeed

carefully.

ADVERBS WHICH PRECEDE THE VERB.

713 certain Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases are mentioned as preceding the Verb which they modify to those must be added i bosi, deke,
;

On page

nangu (perhaps), okalokala, e elelo, kwakwiziwa, and other variations of that Adverb based on kwiziwa, kwendewa, and tukwa. Other Adverbs may precede the Verb when specially emphatic.
kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi, e ntete, se, sa, sanga, singa, oku
I bosi

tukwenda
we

After that

will go.
:

elelo

nutungulukidi

This time you have been found

out.
:

Owau

ntangwa ifwene
it is

Now

time.

POSITION OF THE PARTICLES OF NEGATION.

The general rule given on page 607, to the effect that the Particles ot Negation include within them the clause to be negatived, needs only to be supplemented by the following remarks When the Verbs kala or -ina, to be, are followed by the Particle VO, in such cases as those given below, or before combinations of the Locatives with -ina, the second Particle of Negation precedes the vo, or the Locative, as the case may be. The ko is sometimes heard at the end of the clause, but the rule above given is considered as more correct
:

Kufwila own kena ko vo

Although he
is

mwana ame
son.
:

my

Wan
I

ke bena ko vo makangu mandi

Since they are not his friends.

did not

Kisamunwini muntu ko vovo nwina tell one of you (lit. any man among you). Ke mayikwanga nkutu ko vovo nwina Let them not even be mentioned among you.
:

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

POSITION OF COMPONENT PARTS.

Subordinate Clauses which are connected with the principal by wan, nna, ova, vava, yavana, wau kadi, kufwila owu...ko, and such Conjunctions,

'035

first state their own Subject, if there be a Noun or Pronoun as Subject then the Conjunction, then follows the rest of the sentence. It is sometimes more convenient to put the Subject in the emphatic position at the end of the
;

sentence or clause.

mfumu

eto,

wau kekwenda ko, omono mpe kikwenda Since that our chief is not going, I will not go.

kwame ko
:

Mpongi, kufwila own kele ko ko, kitwika kio ko Although Mpongi has gone there, I will not send it.

E mvu makuinaya una

When

milungidi

the forty years were complete.

Nsona, ovo ozolele wo or, Ovo ozolele wo, o Nsona

;

If

Nsona

likes.

Kipati,
or,

yavana kekwiza Yavana kekwiza, o Kipati

;

Until Kipati comes.

THE
The

OBJECT.

rules of Syntax as to the Object are, in those which govern the Subject, especially those

many

respects, identical with

which concern the Attributes.

The rules as to the presence or absence of the Article before the Object, will be found under " The Subject."

THE OBJECTIVE PRONOUN.

the Object consists of two or more Nouns, the Objective Pronoun concords in number and class with the last-named Noun, if Pronoun is required
at all.

When

meza mame ye kiandu kiame nunata kio

Carry

my

table

and

chair.
:

E mpu
Do

ye vevo ke nusiai kio ko not leave behind the hat and umbrella. yo mabindwa, o

E mini

Mvemba wina mau

yo.

Mvemba

has the candle and matches.

THE OBJECT WITH

When

the Subject of the Verb is qualified by konso, each, every, and Object by the Possessive Pronoun, the Object must be preceded by in English in Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with. The same rule prevails case of Intransitive Verbs, but not in the case of Transitives. It may
objected, however, that Intransitive Verbs have no Object, planation of the preceding remark is therefore necessary.

the

the
the

be

some

further ex-

become a
synonym,

In English an Intransitive Verb in combination with a Preposition may To go is an Intransitive Verb, but by combination Transitive. with the Preposition into (to go-into\ it becomes a Transitive Verb, as its
to enter.

So we say

in

English

They went in every

man

with his sword in his hand.

The English idiom admits then

the usage of the Preposition with, in com-

1036

bination with what are otherwise Intransitive Verbs, Verb is qualified by each or every.

when the

subject of the

They came every man with

i.e.

his

gun

Every man came-with

his gun.
:

We

went away each of us with a new coat i.e. Each of us went-away-with a new coat.
;

No such combination is possible in English with Transitive Verbs case of Transitives the with is omitted, thus
:

in the

They found every man

We
In

received each of us a

his gun. new coat.

the Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with, has to appear, whether the Transitive or Intransitive, when the Subject is qualified by konso, and the Object by a Possessive Pronoun.

Kongo
is

Verb

Bezidi kwau, konso muntu yo nkele andi They came each man with his gun.

Tukatukidi kweto, konso muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa We went away each one of us with a new coat.
So
the
far the

Kongo and English idioms

combined Preposition

(apart from the

with}.

accord, the Verbs being Intransitive The following sentences show

Kongo idiom

retaining the Preposition after a Transitive

Verb
:

Basolwele konso

They found
Tutanibwidi konso

muntu yo nkele andi each man his gun.

new
coat.

muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa

We
In Kongo,

received each of us a

when such

Intransitive, the Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with,

constructions occur, whether the Verb be Transitive or must precede the Object and
;

whether or not there

English, the Object
is

a Possessive Pronoun, or an Indefinite Article in always qualified in Kongo by the Possessive Pronoun.
is
:

Nutwasa konso muntu ye mbele andi Bring every man a knife. Nutala konso muntu yo mandi mambu
Each
of you

mind

his

own

business.
:

Basamunwini konso muntu ye mpangi andi Each man told his brother.

ERRATA.
Under
the word

Under

the

word

IQ39

Under

the

word

1040
Under
the word

1041

Under

the

word

1042

Under the word

should be

WHEEL,

ekalu, 8

lungungu,
;

10.

WHEN, WOULD,
ZENITH,

whenever
tive

use the future subjunc;

whenever, after, use the present

indica-

tive stating the time.

;

kintumba a ezulu

kintumba

e ezulu.

1043

Under

the

word

1044
Under
the word

1045

Under

the

word

1046

1047
Page
Line

INDEX.
DICTIONARY.
English-Kongo Kongo-English

.......
APPENDICES.
late for insertion in the
.

Diet.

&

Gram.
l

Aj
of 1894.

of 1887.

245

Words acquired too English- Kongo

Kongo-English

main work-

-485
49 1 49 2 495 49 8
5 O1
5

94i

942

Games
Animals, birds,
fishes, reptiles
. .

...

Food

stuffs, trees,

plants
.

Diseases, native medicines

Titles of

Kongo

Nobility, precedence

Oaths Native customs, superstitions

Secret Societies, Guilds, clubs
Prefix series

......
circumcision,
.

5 02

53
5 5

Ndembo, Nkimba,

6
8

Abbreviations used

58
5

Errata

IQ

GRAMMAR.
The Alphabet Euphonic Law Change of Consonants
Elision
5 l8 5 21

945 945

and Contraction of Vowels

....
.

22

945
945

522
524
5

Preferences
Influence

25

Contracted words

94 94 8
949 949
95

The Alliterative Concord, General The Noun Derivative Nouns

Kongoized foreign words Classification of Nouns
Table of Classes Declension of Nouns
Reduplicated Nouns

principle

5 2^
528

......

5 28

539
541

553

-553
95
555
55
l

The The

Article

Adjective

95

Verbal Adjectives
Structure of Adjectives
1043

557

558

1049

Diet. Gram. of 1887.

&

Appendix
of 1894.

Participial Adjectives Prefixes applied to Adjectives

559

Comparison of Adjectives
Adjectival Clause
. .

Quantitative Adjectives

The Numerals The Pronoun

Personal Pronouns

Pronominal Prefixes

3rd Pers. Sing. Prefif. in Declension of Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Pronouns of Adverbial, Prepositional and Conjunctive

force

...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ......

.
.

559 560 564 567

576
951

.561
952 954

576

577, 647,
.

670
647 580
582 584

954
955 962

or

962 963

586

590
590
593

The Locatives
Table of Locatives

The Adverb
Locative

596 598 598

.

964
965

Pronominal Derived from Nouns Sundry Adverbs

601

964 964 966 966 967 968 970

602 605 607

The Negative
The
Preposition Locatives
Prepositional Phrases

...

609 609
.

.612
613 618 618

The Conjunction The Verb

Conjugations Suffix Modifications

Verb Forms

The The The The The The The The The The

Active Voice

Passive Voice Middle Voice

619 619 620 620

621

970
971

Applied Forms
Causative Forms
Reciprocal Forms
Repetitive
.

627

971

Reversive

Form Form

...... ......
. . . .

.631
634 635 637 637 682
687 639
641

972 972 973

Form

in

-akana

Reflexive

Form

Reduplicated Verbs
Indefinite Verb Form The Continuative and
Prefix Modifications

Suffixes

....'.. ....
Forms
.

973 973

Perfect

Verbs Preferring the Perfect

644
645

974 978

1050

Diet. Gram. of 1887.

&

Appendix
of 1894.

Mood.

General principle
Infinitive

The

Mood
;

Pronominal Prefixes

Subjective

Objective

.... ....
.
. . . .

645 646

976

The Negative
Tenses.

General principle

Indicative

Mood

647 670 648 648 649 650 652 652 653

656
666

Special idiomatic usages of certain tenses

Subjunctive

Imperative
Participles

Mood Mood

976 977 979

Table of Tenses

The Conjugation
Kwiza,
Tonda,

of the

nominal Prefix only

to

........
and kwenda,
to-

Verb having a Subjective Pro-

to come,

go
.

.656
.

love
.

With an Objective Pronominal Prefix Kuntonda, to love herj kutonda,

Reflexive

to love you

Form

Kutonda, to love myself Reduplicated Verbs

....
.

670 674 682 682

687 688

973

973

Comparative Table of Conjugation The Verb to be, kala and -ina to have -eka (Bako.) The Verbal Particle i The Auxiliary Verbs Kwiza and kwenda before another Verb
. .

690
691

980 980 982

983

.692
692
.

The

Interjection

698 699
701

Accent
Punctuation
.

984 986 987

991

SYNTAX.

The Subject

.704
others by Conjunctions
.

When

Compound Noun A Noun connected with An Infinitive Noun

a

A A

Pronoun

Locative Clause

Position of the Subject Attributes of the Subject Compound Attributes

........ ......
.

704 704
705
705

992 993 993

706
706
707

Noun in Apposition The Article.

Rule
i

993 993 994

995 995

before nouns, General principles

definiteness
in

706

&

indefiniteness

a Reply

before Reduplicated Partitive

Nouns

998 998

1052

Diet.

&

Gram.

Append
of 189^

of 1887.

42 43

before a before
before

Noun

Numeral.
44
45 Position of Attributes

Konso names

of Persons

matic use

.... .... ....

qualified

by a

1022

1022

idio-

1023 1023

ya

of surprise

708

1024

The

Predicate.

Concord with

its Subject. of a simple Verb

.......
ovo
.
. .

when coupled by yo

709 710
711

1025

when

the Subject is a Collective Noun Personal or Personified Noun

Interrogative

1029
1029
711

Pronoun

after a

Conjunction of time
.
.

....
. .
.

1030
711 1025

Verb assisted by an Auxiliary

its

concord . Order of Auxiliaries

of the

.711
.

Complement

Verb

to be

711

Verbs of restricted sense Concord by " attraction " Objective Pronominal Prefixes
.

....
. .

707

Modifications of the Predicate

Particles of

Negation
. .

712 607

after ne, nze, kufwila owu...ko Position of Modifying words generally

Inferential Adverbs Interrogative Adverbs of manner, place & time

.

&

.712 -713 .713

mpe
nkutu, kaka, aka Adverbs which precede the Verb
Particles of

....
607
.

Negation
;

Adverbial Clauses

position of

component parts
.

The Object when Nouns connected by Conjunctions

715
. .

715

Noun

Clause and Sentence

715

Numeral
Idiom with konso and yo
Position of the Object of Pronominal Prefixes
. .

...
.
. .

715

.716
716 716 718

of the Indirect Object Attributes of the Object

Butler

&

Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Froine, and London.

BINDING SEC^

SEP

8 1965

PL
8403 B4 1887
Appx,

Bentley, William Holman (comp Dictionary and grammar of the Kongo language Appendix

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DO NOT REMOVE
FROM
THIS

CARDS OR

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