2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Application

Research on electromagnetism torque of the six-phase induction machine with special phase current waveform
1

Ai Bao 1, Ai Yong-le 1, Niu Lian-bo 1

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University (HPU), Jiaozuo 454003, China aib@hpu.edu.cn; aiyongle@hpu.edu.cn,niulianbo@163.com torque components respectively. The other phase current waveforms follow the same pattern of phase a, but with a certain phase displacement.
ia
field

ABSTRACT: With the characteristic which the control of the multiphase machine is more complex compared with three-phase ac machine, a novel control method is proposed in this paper, namely six-phase motor trapezoidal wave phase current control. By using the trapezoidal phase current waveform, the stator winding is separated into the field winding and the torque winding. The function which is about the field and torque control in directed and separated mode can be realized without the complex Park transformation. The performance of the output torque of the six-phase induction motor using trapezoidal wave phase current is investigated in this paper. Three methods are used to verify the torque of the motor namely conventional analytical calculation, Finite Element calculation and practical measurements. K-value is analyzed and calculated as MMF decoupling. The result of the output torque obtained from these methods show good agreement. KEYWORDS: six-phase induction machine1; Trapezoidal wave phase current2; Electromagnetism torque3; Finite Element 4

IF
torque

IT
field

torque

ib t ic t

id
t ie t if t
0 t1 t 2

I.

INTRODUCTION

The inherent disadvantages of dc drives have prompted continual progress in the area of ac drives. Among ac drives, induction machine drives are widely adopted, which are classified either under volt-per-hertz control or vector control. Due to the power rating increase in drives and high reliability requirements in some special applications, many researchers have focused their research on multiphase or high phase order (HPO) induction machine drives. It has been shown that HPO induction machine drives possess many advantages over conventional three-phase drives. A disadvantage, however, of HPO drives is the complexity of the control algorithm; the vector control needs complex coordinate transformation and accurate flux linkage estimation. II. SIX-PHASE CURRENT WAVEFORM CONFIGURATION The stator phase current waveforms can be configured, as shown in Figure 1.The current wave forms produce a rectangular flux density in the air gap. The field and torque current components, and , can be controlled separately like in a dc machine. The phase current waveforms are assumed to be supplied by six full-bridge converters. With these current waveforms two separate rotating stator MMFs are generated, namely a field rotating MMF and a torque rotating MMF. Consider phase a as example. Figure 2 shows the composition of the waveform, whereby time 0-t3 and time t3-t6 show field and
978-0-7695-3600-2/09 $25.00 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/IFITA.2009.285 93

t12

Figure 1. Six-phase current waveform configuration

i field
IF
I F

t1 t2 t3

itorque
IT

+
t4 t 5 t6
t

IT

ia
0

t1

t12 t

Figure 2. Composition of phase a current

It can be easily shown from the current waveform of Figure.1 and the stator winding layout of Figure.3 that the amplitude of the resultant field MMF of the three field stator phase windings (field winding) is F f = N a i a N c ic N d i d = 2 N s I F (1)

The important relationship between I t and sl is obtained namely, sl I r Rr N s Rr (6) k= = =

It I t 2 N r BLrg 7 N r2 BLrg

Where N s is the number of turns in series per phase of the stator similarly, the resultant amplitude of the torque MMF of the three torque stator phase winding (torque winding) at any instant is Ft = N b ib N e ie N f i f = 2 N s I T (2)

The design data of the machine are given in Table 1 a typical value of k =7 rad ( A s ) must be used in the drive control system to have decouple control.
TABLE I. DESIGN DATA OF SIX-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE TABLE
Number of phases Number of poles

Fr = N ri iri = 7 N r I r .
i=7
stator fX

13

(3)
eX X r8+ r7+

6 2 36 3 249 9.6 165 128 49 28 14 28 0.43

b+ a+
X

Number of stator slots Number of slots per pole per phase Number of turns in series per stator phase
X

rotor

c+
r13+ r12+

d+
r7-

Ff
r8X

dX
X

Stator phase resistance Stack outer diameter (mm) Stack length (mm) Air gap radius (mm)

aair gap b-

r12- r13X

cf+

e+

=
eX

fc+
X

b+
X r12+ r8+ r7+ r13+

a+

Number of rotor slots

d+ a-

Ff
X

dc-

Ft

Fr

Number of rotor phase Number of turns in series per rotor phase Rotor phase resistance

r7- r8X X

r13r12X X

b-

e+

f+

Figure 3. MMF configuration inside the machine at t = t1 / 2

IV.

CONVENTIONAL TORQUE CALCULATION

Times is specified, Times Roman or Times New Roman may be used. If neither is available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times. Avoid using bit-mapped fonts if possible. True-Type 1 or Open Type fonts are preferred. Please embed symbol fonts, as well, for math, etc. III. K-VALUE AS FLUX DECOUPLING For balanced MMF condition, Ft = Fr and a=0 in Figure 4. which means that 2N s It = 7N r I r (4) From equation (4 ) thus 7Nr Ir (5) It = 2N s
Fs Ff F

For the two-pole motor described in and with field current equal to 3A, the average flux density is calculated to be 0.459T. The Stator flux field occupies half of the air gap periphery. This means that 7 pairs of conductor among the rotor are active due to cutting the field lines. Equations (2) to (5) are used to calculate the EMF, induced current in the rotor windings and the electromagnetic torque of the motor. The calculated values are given in Table 2
TABLE II.
s%

INDUCED VOLTAGE AND TORQUE VERSUS SLIP TABLE

Induced voltageV

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0.448

TNm

1.40 2.08 4.19 5.58 6.98 8.37 9.77 11.16 12.56 13.95

0.896 1.340 1.880 2.240 2.690 3.140 3.580 4.130 4.480

Ft Fr
Figure 4. MMF phasor composition diagram

9 10

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Er = 2 N r BL s srg
Ir = Er Req

7 8 9

VI.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

T = 2 7 N r BLrg I r

V.

FINITE ELEMENT CALCULATED RESULT

The FE software makes use of triangular elements of the first order. Due to the symmetry of the proposed machine, only one pole of the machine. Only one pole (stator and rotor) of the machine is meshed with one air gap macroelement comprising nodal on both side of the air gap. A time-saving scheme has been devised that make the use of one air gap element very attractive as a means to model rotor movement. Using this one portion reduces the number of elements and nodes and decreases the FE computational time. The vector potentials in the entire machine can be obtained from the solved one pole part by using the symmetry applied. The FE calculated results are obtained using the same condition as the conventional torque calculation method described in the previous section. With the rotor current I r , known from (8), the corresponding torque current component in the stator winding can be calculated from 2 3N t I t = 7nI r (10) Where N t is the number of turns of stator winding (83);
I r is the torque current component.

The measured torque versus slip result is given in Table 4. The conventional torque calculated, FE calculated and measured results are plotted in Figure 7. It can be seen that the calculated and the FE calculated results are closer to each other and higher than the measured results. The low measured torque values are due to the large contactor resistance between the brush and the slip ring, which then results in a smaller induced current.

Figure 6. Experimental system setup TABLE IV.

s%

EXPERIMENTAL TORQUE SLIP

TNm
2.24 3.51 4.81 5.85 6.89 7.91 8.97

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

14 12 10 Theoretical FE practical

Figure 5. Mesh used in the FE analysis

Torque(Nm)

8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 slip(%) 5 6 7 8

The torque versus slip characteristic is obtained by supplying the balanced rotor and torque current component in the FE. The FE calculated result of torque versus slip are given in Table 3.
TABLE III. FE CALCULATED TORQUE VERSUS SLIP

Figure 7. The comparison result of torque

s%
1 2 3 4 5

TNm
1.47 2.87 4.26 5.64 6.99

s%
6 7 8 9 10

TNm

8.33 9.63 10.90 12.14 13.34

To the step torque current, the response electromagnetism torque has been shown in Figure 9.

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3) The results obtained from these methods show good agreement. The results furthermore show that the torque of the induction motor can be controlled effectively. 4) To the step torque current, electromagnetism torque can be obtained quickly. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work described in this paper is supported by the International cooperation in scientific research fund in Henan Province0646660006 REFERENCES
Figure 8. Response time of electromagnetism torquech1 electromagnetism torque ch2 step torque current [1] [2] [3] [4] B.K. Boss. Modern power electronics and ac drives. [M]Prentice Hall. 2002. P.vas. Vector control of AC machines. [M] Oxford science publication. 1990. D.W. Novotny, T.A. Lipo. Vector control and dynamics of AC drives. [J] Oxford University Press Inc.. Oxford. New York. 1997. Yongle Ai, M.J.Kamper, Yumei Wang, Shiying Yuan. Torque Performance Investigation of Double Three-Phase Motor Using Special Current Waveform,[C] Proc. 4th conf.2004 International Electronic Motion Control ( IPEMC2004) Xian China, pp. 1673~1678. Y.Ai,M.J.Kamper,Y.Wang. Investigation of airgap density and torque performance of six-phase induction motor with special phase current waveform, [J]Proc. 8th conf.2005 ICEMS, P.R.China. Sep.2005,pp.99-104

VII. CONCLUSIONS 1) Using the special current waveform has realized torque control of the motor separately, instead of using the conventional d-q transformation. 2) Three methods revealed a good torque correlation except for a small deviation in the measured torque due to the rotor winding resistance. Furthermore a linear relationship between the torque and slip is demonstrated.

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