Q.1: Define the term tissue?

Ans: The group of cells similar in structure that work together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue. This group of cells has a common origin. Q.2: How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them. Ans: Xylem is a complex tissue. It is made up of following four kinds of cells or elements: (a) Tracheids (b) Vessels (c) Xylem parenchyma (d) Xylem fibres. Q.3: How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants? Ans: Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells which coordinate to perform a common function. Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. all these coordinate to perform a common function. Q.4: Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchymas and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall. Ans: The differences between cell walls of parenchyma, collenchymas and sclerenchyma are given in the following table: Parenchyma 1. Cell wall is primary 2. Cells have thin walls and made up of cellulose. Collenchyma 1. Cell wall is primary. 2. Cell walls are thickened at the corners due to protein deposition. Q.5: What are the functions of Stomata? Ans: The small pores present in the epidermis of the leaf are stomata. Stomata are enclosed by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells. Functions of Stomata 1. Exchange of gases, particularly CO2 and O2, with atmosphere. 2. Loss of water in the form of vapour during transpiration. Q.6: Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres. Ans: Fig: Striated muscles Sclerenchyma 1. Cell wall is secondary. 2. Cell wall is very thick due to lignin deposition.

Fig: Smooth (Un-striated) muscles

Fig: Cardiac muscles Q.7: What is the specific function of cardiac muscle? Ans: Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles which show characteristics of both smooth and striated muscles. These muscles occur in the walls of the heart. Functions of Cardiac Muscles 1. Cardiac muscles contract and relax rapidly, rhythmically and tirelessly throughout life. They contract endlessly from early embryonic stage until death. 2. The contraction and relaxation of heart muscles help to pump and distribute blood to various parts of body. Q.8: Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site / location in the body. Ans: Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac muscles are three types of muscle tissues. Their different characteristics are as follows: Character 1. Shape of cells 2. Nucleus 3. Striation 4. Mode of Contraction 5. Example of location Striated Muscles Cells are long cylindrical, non-tapering and un-branched Many nuclei (multi-nucleated) which are situated towards the periphery of muscle fibre. Transverse alternate light and dark bands present. Voluntary contract rapidly but soon undergo fatigue. Hands, legs and other skeletal muscles. Q9: Draw a labeled diagram of neuron. Ans: Unstriated Muscles Cells are long with tapering ends (spindle shape) and un-branched. The cells have only one nucleus (uni-nucleated) situated in the center. Striations or strips are absent. Involuntarily not at our will. Contract comparatively slow but do not fatigue. Stomach wall, intestine, ureter, bronchi etc. Cardiac Muscles Cells are non-tapering, cylindrical and branched. Each cell contains one or two nuclei situated in the center. Cells have faint striations. Involuntary, rhythmically contract and relax throughout life without fatigue under normal conditions. Present in heart.

Fig: Neuron Q.10: Name the following: (a) Tissue that forms inner lining of our mouth. (b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. (c) Tissue that transports food in plants. (d) Tissue that stores fat in our body. (e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix. (f) Tissue present in brain. Ans: (a) Squamous epithelium (b) Tendon (c) Phloem (d) Adipose tissue (e) Blood (f) Nervous tissue. Q.11: Identify the type of tissue in the following: Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle. Ans: (i) Skin - Striated Squamous epithelium (ii) Bark of tree - Cork protective tissue (iii) Bone - Connective tissue (iv) Lining of kidney tubule - Cuboidal epithelium (Cuboidal epithelial tissue) (v) Vascular bundle - Complex permanent tissue (Xylem and Phloem) Q.12: Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present. Ans: Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue of angiospermic plants. It is present in cortex and pith of stem and roots. It is also present in mesophyll of leaves. When it contains chlorophyll, it is called Chlorenchyma, found in green leaves. Q.13: What is the role of epidermis in plants? Ans: Epidermis is a protective tissue of angiospermic plants. It provides protections to underlying tissues. Epidermis forms outer covering of various plant organs such as roots, stem, leaves, and flowers and remains in direct contact with the environment. Any substance whether solid, liquid or gas can enter into the plant or move outside only after passing through this layer. Epidermis helps in absorption, secretion, gaseous exchange and transpiration. It helps in preventing the entry of pathogens. Q.14: How does the cork act as a protective tissue? Ans: The cork cells are dead cells and do not have any intercellular spaces. The cell wall of the cork cells are coated with suberin (a waxy substance). Suberin makes these cells impermeable to water and gases. Cork is protective in function; it protects underlying tissues from desiccation, infection and mechanical injury. NCERT (CBSE) Class IX Science

Q.1: the end of a long bone is connected to another bone by (a) Ligament (b) Tendon (c) Cartilage (d) Muscle Q.2: Ligaments and Tendons are formed of (a) Epithelial tissue (b) Muscular tissue (c) Cartilage (d) Connective tissue Q.3: When boiled in water collagen changes into (a) Gelatin (b) Reticulin (c) Elastin (d) Myosin Q.4: Processes of osteoblasts are found in (a) Lamella (b) Canaliculi (c) Dendrites (d) Haversian canals Q.5: A group of cells alike in form, function and origin is called (a) Tissue (b) Organ (c) Organelle (d) None of these Q.6: Plant length is increased by (a) Apical meristems (b) Lateral meristems (c) Periblem (d) Parenchyma Q.7: The cell division is restricted to (a) Merismatic cells (b) Permanent cells (c) Secretory cells (d) All of the above Q.8: Active divisions take place in the cells of (a) Phloem (b) Sclerenchyma (c) Xylem (d) Cambium Q 9: Grass stem elongates by the activity of (a) Apical meristem (b) Hypodermis (c) Intercalary meristem (d) Primary meristem Q.10: Water and minerals are conducted by (a) Xylem (b) (c) (d) Q.11: In higher plants food is conducted by (a) Root (b) Phloem (c) Xylem (d) Leaves Q.12: Blood is a (a) Fibre (b) Non-connective tissue (c) Organ (d) Connective tissue Q.13: Bone consists of the following type of cells (a) Chondrocyte (b) Connective (c) Osteocyte (d) None of these Q.14: Cartilage consists of which type of cells (a) Chondrocyte (b) Osteocyte (c) Cambium (d) None of these Q.15: A nerve impulse passes from one neuron to another across a (a) Synapse (b) Dendrite (c) Axion (d) Cell body Q.16: Collenchyma mainly forms (a) Hypodermis (b) Epidermis (c) Phloem (d) Inner cortex Q.17: Whose living cells provide tensile and mechanical strength? (a) Collenchyma (b) Sclerenchyma (c) Phloem (d) Sclereids Q.18: Lignified elongated dead cells are (a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c) Sclerenchyma (d) None of these Q 19: Which of these contains dead cells mainly? (a) Phloem (b) Epidermis (c) Xylem (d) Endodermis Q.20: Phloem performs the function of (a) Conduction of food (b) Conduction of water (c) Providing support (d) Photosynthesis Q.21: Simple epithelium is a tissue composed of cells which are (a) Hardened and provide support to organs (b) Continuously diving to provide to form an organ (c) Cemented directly to one another to form an irregular layer (d) Loosely connected to one another to form an irregular layer Q.22: Which one of the following is living but non-nucleated (a) Sieve tube (b) Companion cell (c) Phloem cell (d) Phloem parenchyma Q.23: Which one of the following is a function of white blood cells? (a) Help in transport of oxygen (b) Act as soldiers, scavengers and builders of the body (c) Help in blood clotting (d) None of these Q.24: In human beings, muscle cells (a) Conduct food and water (b) Carry message from brain (c) Contract and relax to cause movement (d) Transport oxygen and other gases Q.25: Muscles contain special protein called (a) Tubulin (b) Contractile (c) Carrier (d) Globulins Q.26: Bone is an example of (a) Epithelial tissue (b) Muscular tissue (c) Connective tissue (d) Nervous tissue Q.27: Areolar connective tissue is found between (a) Skin and muscles (b) Blood vessels and nerves (c) In the bone marrow (d) All of these Q.28: The hardness of the bone tissue is due to the phosphates and carbonates of (a) Calcium and sodium (b) calcium and magnesium (c) Magnesium and sodium (d) Magnesium and potassium Q 29: Ciliated epithelium is present in (a) Trachea (b) Tongue (c) Uterus (d) Heart Q.30: Husk of coconut is made of (a) Sclerechymatous tissue (b) Parenchyma (c) Collenchyma (d) Chlorenchyma Ans: 1-a. 2-d. 3-a. 4-b. 5-a. 6-a. 7-a. 8-d. 9-c. 10-a. 11-b. 12-d. 13-c. 14-a. 15-a 16-a. 17-a. 18-c. 19-c. 20-a. 21-c. 22-a. 23-b. 24-c. 25-b. 26-c. 27-d. 28-b. 29-a. 30-a NCERT (CBSE) Class IX Science Chapter 6, Tissues - Further study

1: What is a tissue? Ans: A tissue is a group or collection of similar cells which work together to achieve a particular function and have common origin. Blood, phloem and muscles are all examples of tissues. Q.2: What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms? Ans: In multicellular organisms there are millions of cells. Most of these cells are specialized to carry out a few functions. Each specialized function is taken up by a different group of cells or tissues. Since these cells of a tissue carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently. The tissues are arranged and designed so as to give the highest possible efficiency of function. For example, in human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement, nerve cells carry messages and blood flows to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste materials etc. Likewise in plants, vascular tissues (xylem, phloem) conduct water and food from one part of the plant to other parts. So, multicellular organisms exhibit division of labour. Q.3: Name types of simple tissues. Ans: Types of simple tissues: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma. Q.4: Where is apical meristem found? Ans: Apical meristem is found in shoot apex and root apex of an angiospermic plant. Q.5: Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut? Ans: Sclerenchymatous tissue Q.6: What are the constituents of phloem? Ans: Phloem is a complex tissue. It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of four types of elements: Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma. Q.7: Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body. Ans: Muscular tissue. Q.8: What does a neuron look like? Ans: Refer to the NCERT Textbook Exercise Solution Q.No.9 of this chapter. Q9: Give the three features of cardiac muscles. Ans: Three features of cardiac muscles are as follows (i) Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical branched and uninucleate. (ii) They show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life. (iii) They are involuntary muscles. Q.10: What are the functions of areolar tissue? Ans: Areolar tissues are connective tissues found between the skins and muscle around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. It fills space inside the organs, support internal organs and help in repair of the tissues

Human cheek cells are commonly stained with a. methylene blue b. safranin c. acetocarmine d. eosine 2. Definite shape of cell is seen in case of a. animal cell b. plant cells c. both animal and plant cells d. neither animal nor plant cells 3. Coverslip is put on the mounted material on a slide very gently to a. avoid oozing of stain b. avoid oozing of glycerine c. avoid entry of air bubbles d. avoid the crushing of mounted materials 4. Name the stain which is commonly used to study plant cells a. methylene blue b. cotton blue c. safranin d. acetocarmine 5. Plant cells generally have a. No vacuoles at all b. all equal sized vacuoles c. small but large number of vacuoles d. big but less number of vacuoles 6. We generally mount the material on slide a. on left side of slide b. on right side of slide c. in the centre d. both (a) and (b) 7. Cells are focused in microscope under a. 40X b. 100X c. 10X d. any of these 8. In animal cheek cells, nucleus is generally located a. near the plasma membrane b. on one side c. in the centre d. any where in the cell 9. In plant cell, nucleus is generally placed a. in the centre b. on one side of the cell c. attached to cell membrane d. on one corner of the cell 10.Temporary mount of a tissue is made in a. wax b. alcohol c. xylene d. glycerine 11. The outermost covering of a plant cell is a. cell wall b. nuclear membrane c. plasma membrane d. middle lamella 12. The organelle not present in human cheek cell is a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. cell membrane d. chloroplast 13. The outer most layer of human cheek cell is a. cell wall b. nuclear membrane c. plasma membrane d. middle lamella 14. The shape of onion peel cells taken for observation under microscope is a. round b. elliptical c. rectangular d. round 15. The shape of nucleus in a plant cell is a. round b. elliptical c. rectangular d. triangular

16. The number of lenses in a compound microscope is a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4 17. During observation of an onion peel, cells are first seen under a. high power b. low power c. medium power d. none of the above 18. To prepare a mount of human cheek cell, the sample is collected from a. outer side of cheek with a blade b. inner side of cheek with a blade c. outer side of cheek with a toothpick d. inner side of cheek with a toothpick. 19. Which one of the following cell constituents cannot be seen while observing a human cheek cell? a. nucleus b. cell wall c. cytoplasm d. cell membrane 20. To observe cells in an onion peel, we must prepare the slide by mounting on it a. crushed pulp of onion b. dry scale leaf c. green leaf of onion d. thin layer of fleshy onion 21. The cellular component not seen under a compound microscope while observing onion peel a. chromosome b. cell wall c. nucleus d. cytoplasm 22. Cells are stained to a. nourish the cell b. highlight the cell organelles c. make the cell turgid d. help in cell multiplication 23. human cheek cell stained in methylene blue and mounted in glycerine were observed under a compound microscope. The components of cell which would be seen are a. cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus b. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus c. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria d. plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria lysosomes 24. Magnifying power of a microscope is calculated by a. multiplying the power of objective lens and eye piece b. multiplying the power of objective lens with the distance between the objective lens and the specimen c. adding up the power of objective lens and eye piece d. subtracting the power of objective lens from that of eye piece. 25. Glycerine is used to prepare a temporary mount of a tissue due to the following reason a. to colour the specimen b. to avoid drying up of the specimen quickly c. to avoid entry of air bubbles d. none of the above 26.The less stained central part of onion peel cell is a. nucleus b. cytoplasm c. vacuole d. cell wall 27.Which one of the following is the correct sequence for preparing a mount of onion peel a. (i) take out onion peel (ii) keep the peel on the slide (iii) add a few drop of glycerine on it (iv) add few drops of safranin stain (v) cover it up with a coverslip b. (i) take out onion peel (ii) keep the peel in water in a petridish (iii) add a few drops of safranin stain and transfer to a slide (iv) add a drop of glycerine (v) cover it up with a coverslip c. (i) take out onion peel (ii) Keep it on a slide and add safranin stain (iii) transfer it to water in a petridish (iv) remove water and add glycerine (v) cover it up with a coverslip d. (i) take out onion peel (ii) cover it up with a coverslip (iii) on a petridish, add water to clean (iv) add a drop of glycerine (v) add a few drops of safranin stain 28. Given below four operations for preparing a temporary mount of human cheek cells- (i) taking scraping from inner side of cheek and spreading it on a clean slide. (ii) putting a drop of glycerine on the material. (iii) adding 2-3 drops of methylene blue. (iv) rinsing the mouth with fresh water and disinfectant solution. The correct sequence of these operation is a. i ii iii iv b. iv i iii ii c. iv i ii iii d. i iii ii iv

ANSWERS TO MCQs BIOLOGY CLASS IX

EXPERIMENT NO1 1 a 15 b 2 b 16 a 3 c 17 b 4 c 18 d 5 d 19 b 6 c 20 d 7 a 21 a 8 c 22 b 9 b 23 b 10 d 24 a 11 a 25 b 12 d 26 b 13 c 27 b 14 c 28 b

EXPERIMENT NO2 1 a 9 d 2 d 10 b 3 c 11 d 4 c 12 a 5 d 13 a 6 b 14 c 7 c 15 b 8 d 16 c

EXPERIMENT NO3 1 c 8 a 2 a 9 c 3 d 10 c 4 a 11 c 5 c 12 b 6 c 13 b 7 c 14 b

EXPERIMENT NO4 1 b 6 c 2 a 7 d 3 b 8 d 4 c 9 a 5 d 10 -

EXPERIMENT NO5 1 d 5 d 2 d 6 a 3 c 7 c 4 d

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