Criterion Malar rash

Definition Fixed erythema, flat or raised, over the malar eminences, tending to spare the nasolabial folds Discoid rash Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scaling and follicular plugging (Atrophic scarring may occur in older lesions) Photosensitivity Skin rash as a result of unusual reaction to sunlight, by patient history or physician observation Oral ulcers Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration, usually painless, observed by a physician Arthritis Nonerosive arthritis involving 2 peripheral joints, characterized by tenderness, swelling, or effusion Serositis (A) Pleuritis: Convincing history of pleuritic pain or rub heard by a physician or evidence of pleural effusion (B) Pericarditis: Documented by ECG or rub or evidence of pericardial effusion (A) Persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/d or >3+ if quantitation not performed (B) Cellular casts: May be red blood cell, hemoglobin, granular, tubular, or mixed (A) Seizures: In the absence of offending drugs or known metabolic derangements (eg, uremia, ketoacidosis, electrolyte imbalance) (B) Psychosis: In the absence of offending drugs or known metabolic derangements (eg, uremia, ketoacidosis, electrolyte imbalance) (A) Hemolytic anemia: With reticulocytosis (B) Leukopenia: < 4000/mm3 total on 2 occasions (C) Lymphopenia: < 1500/mm3 on 2 occasions (D) Thrombocytopenia: < 100,000/mm3 in the absence of offending drugs (A) Anti-DNA: Antibody to native DNA in abnormal titer (B) Anti-Sm: Presence of antibody to Sm nuclear antigen (C) Positive finding of antiphospholipid antibodies based on (1) an abnormal serum level of IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, (2) a positive test result for lupus anticoagulant using a standard method, or (3) a false-positive serologic test for syphilis known to be positive for at least 6 months and confirmed by Treponema pallidum immobilization or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests An abnormal titer of antinuclear antibody by immunofluorescence or an equivalent assay at any point in time and in the absence of drugs known to be associated with drug-induced lupus syndrome A person can be diagnosed with SLE if any 4 or more of the 11 criteria are present, serially or simultaneously, during any interval of observation.

Renal disorder Neurologic disorder

Hematologic disorder

Immunologic disorder

Antinuclear antibody

Mekanisme pertama mungkin timbul genetik. Penelitian menunjukkan SLE mungkin memiliki link genetik. SLE tidak berjalan dalam keluarga, tetapi tidak ada gen kausal tunggal telah diidentifikasi. Sebaliknya, beberapa gen muncul untuk mempengaruhi kesempatan seseorang mengembangkan lupus bila dipicu oleh faktor lingkungan. Gen-gen yang paling penting adalah terletak di daerah HLA pada kromosom 6, di mana mutasi dapat terjadi secara acak (de novo) atau mungkin diwariskan. HLA kelas I, kelas II, dan kelas III yang berhubungan dengan SLE, tetapi kelas hanya I dan II berkontribusi secara independen dengan peningkatan risiko lupus [33] gen lain yang berisi varian risiko untuk SLE. Yang IRF5, PTPN22, STAT4, [34] CDKN1A, [35] ITGAM, BLK, [34] TNFSF4 dan BANK1 [36]. beberapa gen kerentanan

mungkin populasi tertentu. [34] Obat-induced lupus eritematosus adalah suatu kondisi (biasanya) reversibel yang biasanya terjadi pada orang yang diobati untuk penyakit jangka panjang. Obat-induced lupus SLE meniru. Namun, gejala obatinduced lupus umumnya hilang setelah obat yang memicu episode dihentikan. Lebih dari 38 obat dapat menyebabkan kondisi ini, yang paling umum yang prokainamid, hydralazine, quinidine, dan fenitoin. [2]