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1.0 Skills and Processes Students will demonstrate the thinking and acting inherent in the practice of science.
1.A.1.a-g A. Constructing Knowledge 1. Gather and question data from many different from of scientific investigations which include reviewing appropriate print resources, observing what things are like or what is happening somewhere, collecting specimens for analysis, and doing experiments. a. Support investigative finding with data found in books, articles, and databases and identify the sources used and expect others to do the same. b. Select and use appropriate tools hand lens or microscope (magnifiers), centimeter ruler (length),spring scale (weight), balance (mass), Celsius thermometer (temperature), graduated cylinder (liquid volume), and stopwatch (elapsed time) to augment observations of objects, events, and processes. c. Explain that comparisons of data might not be fair because some conditions are not kept the same. d. Recognize that the results of scientifi investigations are seldom exactly the same, and when the differences are large, it is important to try c to figure out why. e. Follow directions carefully and keep accurate records of oneswork in order to compare data gathered. f. Identify possible reasons for differences in results from investigationsincluding unexpected differences in the methods used or in the circumstances in which the investigation is carried out, and sometimes just because of uncertainties in observations. g. Judge whether measurements and computations of quantities are reasonablein a familiar context by comparing them to typical values when measured to the nearest:
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Millimeter length Square centimeter area Milliliter volume Newton weight Gram mass Second time Degree temperature
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1.C.1.a-e
C. Communicating Scientific Information 1. Recognize that clear communication is an essential part of doing science because it enables scientists to inform others bout their work, a expose their ideas to criticism by other scientists, and stay inform about scientific discoveries around the world. a. Make use of and analyze models, such as tables and graphs to summarize and interpret data. b. Avoid choosing and reporting only the data that show what is expected by the perso doing the choosing. n c. Submit work to the critique of others which involves discussing findings, posing questions, and challenging statements to clarify ideas. d. Construct and share reasonable explanations for questions asked. e. Recognize that doing science involves many different kinds of work and engages men and women of all ages and backgrounds.
1.D.1.a-c
D. Technology 1. Develop designs and analyze the product: Does it work? Could I make it work better? Could I have used better materials? a. Choose appropriate common materials for making simple mechanical constructions and repairing things. b. Realize that there is no perfect design and that usually some features have to sacrificed to get others, for example, des that are best in igns one respect (safety or ease of use) may be inferior in other ways (cost or appearance). c. Identify factors that must be considered in any technological designcost, safety, environment impact, and what with happen if the solution fails.
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b. Pose questions concerning the relationship between loudness or pitch and the vibration of an object.
Investigation 2 Parts 1-3 Science Stories: Highs and Lows, Making Waves
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5.0 Physics-- Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactions of matter and energy and the energy transformations that occur.
A. Mechanics A. Mechanics
2.Explain that changes in the ways objects move are caused by forces.
2. Explain that the changes in the motion of objects are determined by the mass of an object and the amount (size) of the force applied to it.
Instructional Note: Hav th stud nts compare the d erent ways objects move.
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Friction Gravity
b. Observe and explain the changes in selected motion patterns using the relationship between force and mass.
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Grade 2
Grade 3
Grades 4 & 5
5.0 Physics-- Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactions of matter and energy and the energy transformations that occur. D. Wave Interactions
2. Identify and describe the relationship between a sound and the vibrations that produce it. None Provided by MSDE a. Based on observat ons o objects that produce sound, relate v brat on to the back and forth mot on of parts of the object.
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b. Pose quest ons concern n the relat onsh p between loudness or p tch and the v brat on of an object.
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Instructional Note: Have the students investigate and describe pitch of sounds that chance rate of vibration.
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Grade 3
Grades 4 & 5
Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactionsof environmental factors (living and non -living) and analyze their impact from a local to a global perspective. Grade 5 A.NATURAL RESOURCES AND HUMAN NEEDS 1.Recognize and explain how Earth's natural resources from the natural environment are used to meet human needs. a. Describe natural resources as something from the natural environment that is used to meet one's needs. A.NATURAL RESOURCES AND HUMAN NEEDS 1. Recognize and explain how renewable and nonrenewable natural resources are used by humans in Maryland to meet basic needs. a. Identify and compare Maryland's renewable resources and nonrenewable resources. b. Describe how humans use renewable natural resources, such as plants, soil, water, animals. c. Describe how humans use nonrenewable natural resources, such as oil, coal, natural gas, minerals, including metals
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a. Identify and describe personal and communitybehaviors that waste natural resources and/or cause environmental harm and those behaviors that maintain or improve the environment. b. Identify and describe that individuals and groups assess and manage risk to the environment differently.
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y y y
b. Explain how human activities may have a negative consequence on the natural environment.
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c. Identify and describe that an envir nmental o issue affects individual people and groups of people differently.
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Standard 5: Physics
Session State Curriculum Objectives 5.A.2.c Lesson Overview Vocabulary Formative Assessment Extensions/Modification
properties 1. Conduct a pre-assessment by having students begin the Physics of Sound K sound W-L Chart Copymaster or complete the discrimination Physics of Sound Anticipation Guide in the Science Notebook in the Navigation Guide. Have students share what they know about sound and questions they have or identify if they agree or disagree with the statements. 2. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-13. 3. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 4. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. 5. Assign science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question .
sound
Science Notebook Focus Question What are the properties of sound that make them identifiable? Student responses should include properties such as loud, soft, high, low, scratchy, and ringing, and an explanation that sounds can be discriminated because of these properties. Examples from drop chamber activity should be included as evidence.
Science ExtensionsCreate aSound Matching Game and (or) Play Wheres That Sound
Help students discriminate between observation and inference. At first students observe the different materials being dropped and making a sound. When the divider is added to the drop chamber they can no longer see what is being dropped, they have to infer what the object is from the sound the object makes.
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FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 1Dropping In, Part 2 Drop Codes 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-7. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. 4. Have students complete Student Sheet No. 3 Response Sheet - Dropping In 5. Have students add new learning to the K-W-L Chart. You may want to have students check the questions that have been answered.
codes signals
Student Sheet No. 3 Response Sheet - Dropping In See Assessment folio page 7 to score student responses.
Science ExtensionsDrop Multiple Letter Objects and (or) Create Whole Word Codes
Have students read Listen to This, FOSS Science Stories pages 5-6. Use Science Stories Folio pages 4-5 to guide the reading. Be sure to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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3 and 4
FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 1Dropping In, Part 3 Sound and Vibrations Session 1 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1 -7. Session 2 2. Guiding the Investigation, steps 8 -19. 3. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 4. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. 5. Have students complete science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question. 6. Have students add new learning from Investigation One to the K -W-L Chart. You may want to have students check the questions that have been answered.
Science Notebook Focus Question How is sound made? Student responsesmay include drawings of the door fiddle or tone generator and include the vibrations that are visible and heard through the devices. Use the Assessment Checklist for Investigation 1 or take anecdotal notes. The scoring guide can be found on page 8 of the Assessment folio.
Have students read Animal Babble and/or Your Source and Receiver, FOSS Science Stories pages 7-10. Use Science Stories Folio pages 6-7 to guide the reading. Assign Home/School Connection for Investigation One, Student Sheet 33. Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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Focus Questions What are the properties of sound that make them identifiable?
How is sound made? 6 5.D.2.b FOSS Physics of Sound Investigation 2 Good Vibrations, Part 1 Vibration and Pitch 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1 -8. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. 4. Have students complete science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question. pitch frequency Science Notebook Focus Question What is pitch? What changes the pitch of a sound? Student responses should describe pitch as how high or how low a sound is. The speed of the vibrations determines the pitch. Faster vibrations create higher pitches. Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 2 Good Vibrations, Part 1 Vibration and Pitch 1. Read Highs and Lows, FOSS Science Stories pages 11-13. Use Science Stories Folio pages 8-9 to guide the reading. 2. Assign science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question.
relationship
Science Notebook Focus Question What is the relationship between frequency and pitch? Student responses should include a description of frequency as a way to describe the speed of vibrations. The relationship described is the higher the frequency the higher the pitch and the lower the frequency the lower the pitch.
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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8 and 9
FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 2 Good Vibrations, Part 2 Length and Pitch Session 1 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-11. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. Session 2 4. Read Making Waves, FOSS Science Stories page 14. Use Science Stories Folio, pages 10-11 to guide the reading. 5. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 5. Have students complete science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question.
Kalimba Xylophone
Student Sheet Nos. 6-9. See Assessment folio page 9 to score student responses. Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
Science Notebook Focus Question How does length affect the rate of vibration, and therefore the pitch? Student responses should include evidence from one of the devices used in the mini-activities and explain that the shorter the length, the faster the vibration and the higher the pitch, and/or the longer the length, theslower the vibration and the lower the pitch.
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10 and 11
FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 2 Good Vibrations, Part 3 Tension and Pitch Session 1 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-11. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. Session 2 5. Read Scoping Out Sound, FOSS Science Stories, pages 17-18. Use Science Stories Folio page 12 to guide the reading. 6. Assign science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question. 7. Assign Student Sheet No. 10 Response Sheet - Good Vibrations. 8. Have students add new learning from Investigation Two to the K-W-L Chart. You may want to have students check the questions that have been answered.
tension
Student Sheets No. 11 and 12 The Minigutbucket The FOSS-Ulele Student Sheet No. 10 Response Sheet - Good Vibrations.See Assessment folio page 10 to score student responses.
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs? waves wavelength amplitude
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Focus Questions What is the relationship between frequency and pitch? How does length affect the rate of vibration, and therefore the pitch?
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5.D.2.a
FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 3 How Sound Travels, Part 1 Sounds through Air and Water 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-13. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart. 4. Assign science notebook entry see Science Notebook Focus Question.
stethoscope amplify megaphone outer ear inner ear matter air (gases) liquids
Student Sheets No. 13 and 14 Sounds through Air Sounds through Water
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
Science Notebook Focus Question Can sound travel through water? Student responses should state that sound can travel through water and that sounds are louder and clearer when they travel through water than through air.
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FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 3 How Sound Travels, Part 1 Sounds through Air and Water 1. Read Moving Along, FOSS Science Stories pages 19-20. Use Science Stories Folio pages 14-15 to guide the reading. 2. Assign Student Sheet No. 15 Response Sheet How Sound Travels
energy compression Student Sheet No. 15 Response Sheet How Sound Travels See Assessment folio page 11 to score student responses.
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 3 How Sound Travels, Part 2 Sounds through Solids 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-11. 2. Review vocabulary and post word cards on the word wall. 3. Summarize lesson and post content statements on content chart.
solids transmit
Student Sheets No. 16 and 17 Sounds through Solids: Wood Sounds through Solids: String
Introduce the term transmit. In science, transmit describes when heat, sound, or light is caused to pass through a medium.
Teacher Observation, See step 7 for interview questions. Record student responses on Assessment Checklist or an anecdotal note. See Assessment folio page 12 for scoring guidelines.
Assign Home/School Connection for Investigation 3, Student Sheet 35. Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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FOSS Physics of SoundInvestigation 3 How Sound Travels, Part 2 Sounds through Solids 1. Read Bouncing Back, FOSS Science Stories page 21. Use Science Stories Folio pages 16-17 to guide the reading. 2. Have students add new learning from Investigation Three to the K-W-L Chart. You may want to have students check the questions that have been answered.
echolocation
Science Notebook Focus Question Compare and contrast sound traveling through a solid with sound traveling through the air. Explain how different media (solid, liquid, and gas) affect the transmission of sound. Student responses should include similarities and differences of sound traveling through different media and how each media affects the sound. Evidence from investigations should be included.
Read Energy, FOSS Science Stories pages 22-28. Use Science Stories Folio pages 18-19 to guide the reading. This selection is a review of energy concepts addressed in the grade three Standards of Learning.
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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FOSS Physics of Sound Investigation 4 Sound Challenges, Part 1 Sound Challenges Session 1 1. Guiding the Investigation, steps 1-11. Session 2 2. Guiding the Investigation, steps 11-17. 3. Complete the K-W-L Chart by adding new learning for Investigation Four. Have students organize learning and write an article about sound energy.
Presentation Assess students on accuracy of science concepts and appropriate use of science vocabulary.
Have students complete the L column of the Physics of Sound K-W-L Chart.
Continue to develop classroom routines for science. How do we work as scientists? What are our roles/jobs?
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Investigation 4 Assessment and Reflections FOSS Physics of Sound Review Read Lights! Camera! Action and Grandmothers Hearing Test, FOSS Science Storiespages 29-36. Use Science Stories Folio pages 20-23 to guide the reading.
20 and 21
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y Have students complete After column of the Physics of Sound Anticipation Guide. Have students write an explanation and give evidence if the statement is incorrect. Unit 1 Reflections
Unit 1 Assessment
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Before Unit
Statement
End of Unit
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Disagree
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Cut out the cards and sort them into two groups: higher pitch sounds and lower pitch sounds.
higher pitch
lower pitch
trombone
faster vibration
greater tension
lesser tension
higher frequency
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lower frequency
flute
slower vibration
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Sounds in Nature
Find an area in the schoolyard. Sit in the schoolyard and listen to the sounds made by animals for 10 -15 minutes. Create a table to organize your observations. Identify the sound source and describe the sound.
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Design an investigation to determine what factors affect the pitch of a vibrating object. Develop an investigation question and an activity to answer your question. Include procedures, data with appropriate measurements and drawings, and a conclusion to explain the results.
Tested Materials:
My investigation question:
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5.A.2.c
Observe and describe that objects fall to the ground unless something holds them up (gravity).
Notes
These videos may be used to enhance science investigations. The videos are not intended to replace investigations or to be used as a stand-alone activity. Please select chapters or segments within the videos to meet the needs of your students.
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5.D.2.a
Based on observations of objects that produce sound, relate vibration to the back and forth motion of parts of the object.
Resources to Support
Name of Resource
ScienceSaurus FOSS: Physics of Sound
Notes
Safari Montage
y y
All About the Senses Magic School Bus Inside the Haunted House
These videos may be used to enhance science investigations. The videos are not intended to replace investigations or to be used as a standalone activity. Please select chapters or segments within the videos to meet the needs of your students.
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All of the objects listed below make sounds. Put an X next to the objects you think involve vibrations in producing sound.
Guitar strings
Piano
Car engine
Snapped fingers
Explain your thinking. What rule or reasoning did you use to decide which objects involve vibrations in producing sound?
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The purpose of this assessment is to find out the students ideas about sound production. Sound is a form of energy caused by back-and forth vibrations. All the objects on the list involve the production of sound as a result of vibration of the object itself or the material it comes in contact with, such as air.
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5.D.2.b
Pose questions concerning the relationship between loudness or pitch and the vibration of an object.
Notes
Safari Montage
y y
All About the Senses Magic School Bus Inside the Haunted House
These videos may be used to enhance science investigations. The videos are not intended to replace investigations or to be used as a standalone activity. Please select chapters or segments within the videos to meet the needs of your students.
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Unit Vocabulary
Please note the following:
y These words are suggested vocabulary words. Please continue to make instructional decisions about vocabulary words you feel your students may or may not need. y At the bottom of each vocabulary card is coded. U1I1 stands for Unit 1 Investigation 1. U1SC stands for Unit 1 State Curriculum. y ocabulary should be reviewed at the end of each investigation and identified in the content/inq uiry chart. y Science vocabulary may be added to the Word Wall and kept there during testing as long as the words are used as is or copied onto white cardstock. (See your SAS if you have questions about your Word Wall display) Have your students help you determine at the end of the module what words should be displayed on the Word Wall. y If you choose not to add the vocabulary words to your Word Wall, be sure these words are displayed where they are visible to all students during the time the unit is being taught.
c
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U1I1
U1I1
U1I1
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vibration
U1I1
sound source
U1I1
sound receiver
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U1I1
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volume pitch
U1I2
U1I1
frequency
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U1I2
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kalimba tension
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U1I2
xylophone
U1I2
U1I2
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stethoscope amplify
U1I3
U1I3
megaphone
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U1I3
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U1I3
U1I3
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investigations data
SC
SC
models
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work
SC
matter energy
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SC
SC
SC
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forces
SC
gravity
SC
vibration
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sound
SC
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sound discrimination
U1I1
sound discrimination
U1I1
property code
U1I1
U1I1
property code
U1I1
U1I1
vibration
U1I1
vibration
U1I1
U1I1
sound source
sound source
U1I1
U1I1
U1I1
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frequency kalimba
U1I2
U1I2
frequency kalimba
U1I2
U1I2
xylophone tension
U1I2
U1I2
xylophone tension
U1I3 U1I2
U1I2
stethoscope amplify
U1I3
stethoscope amplify
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
U1I3
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Careers in Physics
y y y y y y y y y y y
Clinical Scientist Laser Fusion Scientist Sound Engineer Weather Forecaster Renewable Energy Manager Astrophysicist Mechanical Engineer TV Producer Science Communicator Satellite Engineer Surgeon
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Students can use sorting mats to categorize pictures and words. Students identify characteristics that match the categories and their discussions about their sorts demonstrate a deeper understanding of the content.
How do you do sorts? Cut out each picture or word. Pose the question from the top of the page. Sort the pictures and/or words into the yes or no column on the sorting mat.
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For Example:
Yes
No
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Yes
No
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Investigation 1 Part 1
2. An objects look, feel, sound, taste, and smell are its properties.
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Investigation 1 Part 3
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Investigation 2 Part 1
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Investigation 2 Part 2
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Investigation 2 Part 3
2. The greater the tension on a sound source, the lower the sound.
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Investigation 3 Part 1
2. Sounds are louder and clearer when they travel through water.
4. Our outer ears are designed to receive, focus and amplify sound.
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Investigation 3 Part 2
2. Sound must have a source, receiver, and a solid, liquid, or gas medium to travel through.
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Amazing Bats Author: Frank Greenaway Level: 3-6 Description: Text and wonderful photographs introduce amazing members of the bat world, including the Indian fruit bat and the common vampire bat. The Magic School Bus In The Haunted Museum Author: Joanna Cole Level: 2-4 Description: Ms. Frizzle's class goes to a concert at a sound museum. Rubber-Band Banjos and a Java Jive Bass: Projects and Activities on the Science of Music and Sound Author: Alex Sabbeth Level: 3-6 Description: Projects and activities present the science of sound and music, including how sound is made, how the ears hear sound, and how different musical instruments are made. Science Magic With Sound Author: Chris Oxlade Level: 3-6 - Publisher: Description: A selection of fun and entertaining magic tricks that introduce students to the basic science principles of sound. Sound Science Author: Etta Kaner Level: 3-6 Description: Explores the nature of sound through experiments, riddles, interesting facts, puzzles, and games. The Super Science Book Of Sound Author: David Glover Level: 3-6 Description: A look at sound: waves, pitch, barrier, energy, echoes, ultrasound, instruments, and communication.
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Underwater Musicians Author: D.M. Souza Level: 3-6 Description: Introduces a large cast of noisemakers that send messages in the sea and describes how the sounds are produced and received, and the role sound plays in the life of these creatures. Shrimp, lobsters, seals, walruses, and giant whales are some of the underwater musicians introduced. Includes good color photos of the creatures. The Boy Trap Author: Nancy Matson Level: 3-6 Description: Fifth-grader Emma decides to do a science fair project to prove scientifically that girls are better than boys. In the process, she learns about herself, her friends, and research methods. Poems Go Clang! A Collection Of Noisy Verse Level: 2-4 Description: A collection of short poems celebrating sounds.
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Websites
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Chronology: Bell Labs (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/ Description: Time line of technologies pioneered at AT&T s Bell Laboratories, beginning with the telephone in 1876 and continuing through 1993. Covers such innovations as electronic recording, sound motion pictures, transatlantic telephone services, stereo recording, transistors, the solar cell, and cellular phones. How Cell Phones Work (teacher resource) URL: http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone.htm Description: Find out how cell phones work in this How Stuff Works site. How Speakers Work (student and teacher resource) URL: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/speaker2.htm Description: Find out how a speaker (or headphone) translates electrical signals and translates them back into physical vibrations to create sound waves that you can hear. I Know That: Science Lab (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science%20Lab Description: This is a great site for activities, animations, simulations and other resources related to the human body, sounds, matter the solar system, weather and other science topics to supplement sound. Introduction to Flute Acoustics (teacher resource) URL: http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/fluteacoustics.html Description: This website includes text and images showing the processes involved in making sound with a flute. The Little Shop of Physics/Auditory Illusion (student and teacher resource) URL: http://littleshop.physics.colostate.edu/onlineexperiments/Auditory_Illusion.html Description: The Little Shop of Physics includes a couple of interactive activities at its Shockwave link dealing with audito illusions and finding out what ry happens when you mix different sounds.
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PlayMusic.org (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.playmusic.org/ Description: The American Symphony Orchestra League presents this site that includes Shockwave games that explore different sections in the orchestra. You can also listen to several musical selections that feature different musical instruments. Scientific American/Ask The Experts (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_directory.cfm Description: This site, maintained by Scientific American magazine, provides visitors with the opportunity to ask questions concerning specific phenomenon in science, mathematics, and technology. Scientific American then passes these queries on to experts in both academia and industry. Selmer Musical Instruments (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.selmer.com Description: This commercial site includes photos and information about many musical instruments. Tryscience.org Field Trips (student and teacher resource) URL: http://www.tryscience.org/fieldtrips/fieldtrip_home.html Description: Use an interactive map of the world to find and explore a science and technology center or museum near you. You can also find online adventures and field trips, ideas for experiments at home, plus live webcams. TryScience.org is your gateway to experience the excitement of contemporary science and technology through on and offline interactivity with science and technology centers worldwide. TryScience is brought to you t rough a partnership between IBM h Corporation, the New York Hall of Science (NYHOS), the Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC), and science centers worldwide. What Causes a Sonic Boom? (student and teacher resource) URL: http://science.howstuffworks.com/question73.htm Description: Check out this How Stuff Works web page to find out what causes a sonic boom. Wonderwise: Women in Science Learning Series (student and teacher resource) URL: http://net.unl.edu/wonderwise/index.htm Description: Introduces you to women who have made science their career. You can take several field trips, including space geology, African plant exploration, and urban ecology.
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Formative Assessments
Formative assessments are used to gain information that improves instruction and advances student learning. Formative assessment entails both gathering information about children s ongoing development of ideas and skills and using this in modifying activities and the teacher s interventions to meet the children s needs (Harlen 2001, p. 64) This process of gathering and using information about student understanding is thus ongoing and cyclical.
Resource: Science and Learning, March 2007, Assessing for Science Learning , Michele H. Lee and Sandra K. Abell
Administering the formative assessments is optional and the scores are NOT reported. Formative assessments provide an opportunity to informally assess students after each investigation for instructional purposes. The formative assessments do not serve as a practice for the end of the unit assessment. A formative assessment is provided for each unit investigation. A key is provided for each formative assessment.
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Name_______________________
Date________________
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3. Something that detects, responds to, or hears a sound is A. a sound receiver B. a sound source C. vibration D. volume
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4. When Anna was playing her guitar, she noticed that when she plucked the strings the guitar would produce sound. She also noticed that when she plucked the strings harder, the sound changed.
What relationship do vibrations have with sound? What happens to the volume when the vibration changes?
In your explanation, be sure to include y information on how vibrations are related to sound y information on what happens to the volume when vibrations change
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Item Indicator
1. K.5.D.2.a
Scoring Tool
1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer B.
Performance Criteria
2.
3.5.D.2.b
C.
3.
3.5.D.2.c
A.
4.
3.5.D.2.b
Score 2
Student Response (1) All sounds come from a source that is vibrating. All vibrations produce a sound. And (2) The stronger the vibrations, the greater the volume
1 0
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Name_______________________
Date________________
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
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4.4. What happens to the pitch when the tension on a sound source changes?
In your explanation, be sure to include y relationship to pitch when the tension is great y relationship to pitch when the tension is less
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Item 1.
Indicator 3.5.D.2.b
Performance Criteria
2.
3.5.D.2.b
C.
3.
6.5.D.2.b
D.
4.
6.5.D.2.a
Score 2
Student Response (1) The greater the tension, the higher the sound/pitch. And (2) The less tension, the lower the sound/pitch.
1 0
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Name_______________________ Date________________
1.1. Sounds are louder and clearer when they travel through
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
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3. If your friend wants to hear their favorite song on the radio, there are three elements that need to be present before it can be heard.
In your own words, describe what sound was heard. Be sure to include y identification of the three elements needed for sound to be heard y an example of each element from the story above
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Item 1.
Indicator 3.5.D.2.c
Performance Criteria
2.
3.5.D.2.b
A.
3.
3.5.D.2.c
Score 2
Student Response Sound must have: *a receiver (the friend) *a source (the radio and/or song) *a medium to travel through (the air) All 3 must be present.
1 0
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Teachers should determine the most appropriate date to administer the end of the moduleassessment, keeping in mind the dates they are due to central office. End of the module assessment must be completed, scantrons bubbled, and received at Central Office by the dates listed below.
Grades 1-5
Unit 1 November 19, 2010
Unit 2
Unit 3
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G ade 3 Un 1
Standa d 5: Phy
1.
ll oun
e
r m
h
wh n n obj
h g
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2. Being able to tell different sounds apart is called A. sound amplification B. sound discrimination C. vibration D. frequency
3. When you make sounds by plucking a rubber band, you make the rubber band move back and forth very quickly. This movement is called
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5. If you tie a string around a doorknob, what happens to the pitch when you pull on the string slowly pluck it with your finger?
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A. B. C. D.
As you tighten the string, the pitch gets lower. The pitch stays the same. As you tighten the string, the pitch gets higher. As you loosen the string, the pitch gets higher.
6. Which motion BEST describes vibration? A. straight line of motion B. round and round motion C. back and forth motion D. zig zag motion
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8. A student holds two vibrating objects. Object R is vibrating faster than Object S. Which statement below is true? A. R has a greater volume than S B. S has a greater volume than R C. R has a higher pitch than S D. S has a higher pitch than R
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9. When a sound wave hits an object, some of them back toward their source. The bounce is called A. echo B. return C. source D. receiver 10. If you roll a large sheet of paper into a funnel, you can hear the sound better. This process of increasing the loudness of a sound is called
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11. Which of the following would produce the highest pitch? A. phone ringing B. teachers whistle C. truck horn D. large dogs growl
12. Which of the following would produce the loudest sound? A. train horn B. pin falling C. door bell D. whisper
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13. Sound energy can travel through air, water, and solid material as A. waves B. echoes C. fuel D. currents
14. Which tool would a scientist use to listen to sounds? A. microscope B. thermometer C. hand lens D. stethoscope
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Ruth likes to play guitar. When she holds the guitar she notices that the strings at the bottom vibrate more quickly than the strings at the top. 15. Describe the sounds Ruth would hear as she plucks each of the six strings on the guitar. Explain how the sounds would be different.
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16. Mrs. Smith told her class that they will have a fire drill today. Using what you know about sound travel, describe the steps of how the fire alarm sound travels to the students to warn them to exit the building for the fire drill. In your response, include information about:
y the alarm, the air, and the students ears y what is the sound source y what is the sound medium y what is the sound receiver
WCPS 2010-2011
Office of Elementar y Education Physics of Sound Assessment Key ~ 20 Points Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Indicator 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 5.D.2.a-b 1.A.1.b Scoring Tool 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 - Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer 1 Correct answer 0 Incorrect answer B B D A C C B C A D B A A D Performance Criteria/Answer
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15
5.D.2.a-b
Score 3
Student Response The response includes that the greater the tension, the higher the sound/pitch. The higher the pitch, the quicker the vibration. The lower the tension, the lower the sound/pitch. The lower the pitch, the slower the vibration. The top string on the guitar is vibrating slower than the strings below it. The top string has less tension, lower pitch, and therefore a slower vibration. The sound will be lower. The string at the bottom is vibrating quicker than the strings above it. The tension is higher and a higher pitch than the strings above it. The sound will be higher than the other strings. The response includes a general understanding of tension, pitch, and sound. The response has a somewhat clear explain the relationship of pitch when tension is great or less. The response includes a minimal understanding of tension, pitch, and sound. The response does not have clearly explain the relationship of pitch when tension is great or less. Other
WCPS 2010-2011
Office of Elementar y Education 16 5.D.2.a-b Score 3 Student Response (1) Sound begins with a source that is vibrating. (alarm) (2) Sound must travel through a medium such as sold, liquid, or gas from the source to the receiver. (air) (3) The receiver senses the vibrations from a source and translates it into sound. (ear) Response includes two of the three points above. Response includes one of the three points above. Other
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2 1 0
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The supporting scientific evidence is complete and demonstrates a full integration of scientific concepts, principles, and/or skills. The response reflects a complete synthesis of information, such as data, cause-effect relationships, or other collected evidence. The accurate use of scientific terminology strengthens the response. An effective application of the concept to a practical problem or real world situation reveals a complete understanding of the scientific principles.* -
LEVEL 2
There is evidence in this response that the student has a general understanding of the question or problem.
y y y y
The supporting scientific evidence is generally complete with some integration of scientific concepts, principals, and/or ski lls. The response reflects some synthesis of information, such as data, cause-effect relationships, or other collected evidence. The accurate use of scientific terminology is present in the response. An application of the concept to a practical problem or real world situation reveals a general understanding of the scientific principles.* -
LEVEL 1
Thereis evidence in this response that the student has minimal understanding of the question or problem.
y y y y
The supporting scientific evidence is minimal. The response provides little or no synthesis of information, such as data, cause-effect relationships, or other collected evidence. The accurate use of scientific terminology may not be present in the response. An application , if attempted, minimal*
LEVEL 0
There is evidence that the student has no understanding of the question or the problem.
y
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