Shankar 7.4.

5
1
|(0)i = (|0i + |1i)
2
(1)
i
iE1 t
1 h iE0 t
|(t)i = e ~ |0i + e ~ |1i
2
i
i3t
1 h it
= e 2 |0i + e 2 |1i
2
(2)
hX(0)i = h(0)|X|(0)i
1
= [h0|X|0i + h0|X|1i + h1|X|0i + h1|X|1i]
2
(Using hn|X|ni = 0)
1
hX(0)i = [h0|X|1i + h1|X|0i]
2r
~
1
[h0|a + a |1i + h1|a + a |0i]
=
2 2m
r
1
~
=
[h0|a|1i + h1|a |0i]
2 2m
r
1
~
=
(1 + 1)
2 2m
r
~
=
2m
hP (0)i = h(0)|P |(0)i
1
= [h0|P |0i + h0|P |1i + h1|P |0i + h1|P |1i]
2
(Using hn|P |ni = 0)
1
hP (0)i = [h0|P |1i + h1|P |0i]
2 r
m~
1
= i
[h0|a a|1i + h1|a a|0i]
2
2
r
i m~
=
[h0|a|1i + h1|a |0i]
2
2
r
i m~
(1 + 1)
=
2
2
=0
1

hX(t)i = h(t)|X|(t)i
r
i
i3t
it
i3t
~ h it
1
(e 2 h0| + e 2 h1|)(a + a )(e 2 |0i + e 2 |1i)
=
2 2m
r

1
~  it
=
e
h0|a|1i + eit h1|a |0i
2 2m
r
~ (eit + eit )
=
2m
2
r
~
=
cos t
2m

hP (t)i = h(t)|P |(t)i

r
i
i3t
it
i3t
m~ h it
1
(e 2 h0| + e 2 h1|)(a a)(e 2 |0i + e 2 |1i)
= i
2
2
r

i m~  it
e
h0|a|1i + eit h1|a |0i
=
2
2
r
m~ i(eit eit )
=
2
2
r
m~
=
sin t
2
(3)
By Ehrenfests theorem:

hX(t)i
=

i
h[H, X]i,
~

hP (t)i =

i
h[H, P ]i
~


P2
1
+ m 2 X 2 , X
2m 2
 2

P
=
,X
2m
1
=
[P 2 , X]
2m
1
=
(P [P, X] + [P, X]P )
2m
i~P
=
m


[H, X] =

(1)


P2
1
2 2
[H, P ] =
+ m X , P
2m 2


1
2 2
m X , P
=
2
m 2 2
[X , P ]
=
2
2
m
=
(X[X, P ] + [X, P ]X)
2
= i~m 2 X


Putting values of these commutators in (1):

i
i~P

hX(t)i
= h
i
~
m
<P >

hX(t)i
=
m
i

hP (t)i = hi~m 2 Xi
~
hP (t)i = m 2 < X >
From (2) and (3):
1
(m 2 hXi)
m
= 2 hX(t)i

hX(t)i
=

hX(t)i
+ 2 hXi = 0
hXi = A sin t + B cos t

hP i = mhXi

and

hP i = m(A cos t B sin t)

Initial conditions:
r

~
,
2m
r
~
B=
,
2m

hX(0)i =

hP (0)i = 0
A=0

Thus:
r

~
cos t
2m
r
r
~
~m
hP (t)i = m
sin t =
sin t
2m
2
(these are the same as in part(2))
hX(t)i =

(Homework solution by Arooj Mukarram)

(2)

(3)