Growth Potential for

Philippine Aquaculture:
2005-2025
Philip S. Cruz
Cruz Aquaculture Corporation
Bacolod City, Philippines

Philippine fisheries production,

1995-2004
43.7%

M u n ic ip a l
C o m m e rc ia l

0.5

A q u a c u lt u re

2004

2003

2002

2000

2001

Ye a r

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

M illio n M T

1.5

Aquaculture species, 2004

M a rin e F ish
C a rp
S h rim p
2%

1%

0.1%

O th e rs
2%

T ila p ia
8%
M ilkfish
16%

S e a w e e ds
71%

Food fish production, 2004

(excluding seaweeds)
41% (1.08 Million MT)

19% (0.51 Million MT)

Aquaculture
Municipal
Commercial

40% (1.13 Million MT)

In 2004, capture fisheries provided 81% of the

countrys domestic food fish supply, while the
balance of 19% came from aquaculture

Status of Philippine
capture fisheries
In 2004, capture fisheries (municipal +
commercial) landed a total of 2.2 million MT,
which is 16% higher than the MSY of 1.9 million
MT established in several scientific studies.
In is widely believed by the scientific community
that the growth rate achieved in the last 5 years
(3.35%) is not anymore sustainable.
In the coming years, fish supply would have to
come increasingly from AQUACULTURE if the
country is to remain self-reliant in food fish
supply.

Philippine imports of skipjack

tuna, mackerels, and sardines

V olum e (M T)

1 6 0 ,0 0 0
1 4 0 ,0 0 0

S k ip ja c k t u n a ,

1 2 0 ,0 0 0

fro z e n

1 0 0 ,0 0 0

M a c k e re ls n e i,

8 0 ,0 0 0

fro z e n

6 0 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0

S a rd in e s ,

2 0 ,0 0 0

s a rd in e lla s , b ris lin g

o r s p ra t s , fro z e n

0
1992

1994

1996

1998

Ye a r

2000

2002

Aquaculture production trend,

1995-2004
2000000

Metric Tons

1500000

A quac ulture (total)

1000000
A quac ulture (ex c luding
s eaw eeds )

500000

0
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04

Year

Cultured food fish, 2004

Apparent per capita seafood

consumption in selected
countries (in kg, 95-97 average)
Maldives

169.8

Taiwan

37.3

Palau

102.4

Thailand

32.4

Iceland

91.1

Singapore

32.4

Japan

69.0

Philippines

31.0

Portugal

59.8

France

28.4

Hong Kong

56.6

UAE

27.4

Malaysia

55.7

Peru

25.4

S. Korea

51.2

China

24.1

Norway

50.1

Canada

22.2

Spain

40.5

USA

20.9

Food consumption trends,

Philippines
14
12
10
Percent of 8
total food
6
intake
4

Fish and products

Meat and products
Poultry

2
0
1993

2003
Year

Aquaculture is now the fastest growing sector

of animal meat production worldwide
Average annual percentage growth rate from
1970 to 2000:
Aquaculture
=
8.5%
Capture fisheries
=
1.4%
Terrestrial farmed animals
=
2.8%
Chicken
=
5.1%
Hog
=
3.1%
Beef and veal
=
1.3%
Mutton and lamb
=
1.1%
From 1992 to 2002, apparent per capita
consumption of seafoods worldwide increased
by 21%, from 13.1 kg to 16.2 kg.

Top 12 countries in aquaculture, by

volume, without China and India
(excluding seaweeds)
81
222,179
102,810
570,474
96,780
129,097
13,042
799
230,111
269,099
21,000
321,757
191,216

82
220,848
107,770
608,442
101,630
86,643
15,329
2,256
261,725
298,514
24,000
287,274
206,719

83
246,429
112,920
633,523
107,000
99,978
22,712
735
268,483
340,167
25,000
298,102
230,653

1,200,000

MT

1,000,000

800,000
600,000

84
270,764
118,000
629,454
117,025
111,932
25,453
1,811
326,453
336,257
27,000
295,661
234,924

85
301,409
128,000
660,943
123,811
135,840
34,617
2,573
323,573
312,688
41,846
393,042
240,743

86
334,090
125,749
692,762
144,723
134,063
49,392
4,609
372,191
302,055
45,500
428,212
256,811

87
376,727
140,047
739,121
166,100
151,656
55,379
4,758
383,259
340,131
46,400
477,455
299,897

88
414,597
152,617
806,754
175,925
218,191
88,268
9,240
357,614
343,059
52,200
457,057
294,339

89
447,897
163,217
784,580
183,505
260,191
115,191
15,360
369,027
360,624
60,500
404,493
240,411

90
499,824
160,076
804,293
192,592
291,719
150,583
32,447
315,448
379,940
61,916
376,683
333,370

91
517,507
165,104
803,412
210,993
353,333
160,705
47,579
363,504
408,618
61,617
342,439
282,553

92
93
550,368 600,414
167,899 183,061
818,330 832,992
226,863 237,743
370,974
Indonesia457,314
131,102 164,499
Viet
Nam 86,442
68,474
413,531
Japan 417,418
386,876
392,072
Bangladesh
63,895
54,100
Thailand 392,175
375,507
249,956
Norway 277,211

Chile

1,472,553 1,702,860 1,982,859 2,439,982 3,150,594 3,962,273 4,865,503 5,630,454 6,045,327 6,482,402 6,881,398 8,256,487
USA ########
406,622 452,939 504,733 572,000 633,250 686,260 788,310 893,330 1,004,500 1,017,136 1,225,261 1,395,444 1,416,702

400,000

Philippines
Egypt

South Korea

200,000

Taiwan

Year

02

00

98

96

94

92

90

88

86

84

82

80

The global picture:

projected growth in aquaculture,
2004-2017 (excluding seaweeds)
80%
70%

P e rce n t sh a re

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ye a r

C apture
A quac ulture

As early as
2017,
aquacultures
contribution
to world fish
supply may
already
exceed that
of capture
fisheries.

Philippine Aquaculture:
Production and Growth
Potential of for Domestic
and Export Markets

Water resources available and

potential utilization for aquaculture
Water Resource

Total Area
(Ha)

BW ponds - low density

BW ponds - high density
FW ponds
Laguna Lake
Other lakes
Reservoirs
Rivers
FW swamplands
BW swamplands
Coastal waters
Total, excluding coastal
All water resources

189,323
50,000
14,531
90,000
110,000
19,000
31,000
106,328
139,735
1,746,000
749,917
2,495,917

%Area
Area % Utililizable Potential
Percent
Suitablefor
Usable
for of Usable
Available
Utilization
Area
Aquaculture
Area (Ha)
100%
100%
100%
50%
25%
25%
10%
25%
25%
10%

100%
100%
100%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%

189,323
50,000
14,531
4,500
2,750
475
310
2,658
3,493
17,460
268,041
285,501

Potential yield of water resources

from aquaculture
Water Resource
BW ponds - low density
BW ponds - high density
FW ponds
Laguna Lake
Other lakes
Reservoirs
Rivers
FW swamplands
BW swamplands
Coastal waters
Total, excluding coastal
All water resources

Target Current
Yield/Ha/ Yield/Yr
Yr (MT)
(MT)

Target
Yield/Yr
(MT)

2 251,744
378,646
5
3,000
250,000
8
71,970
116,248
25
35,833
112,500
150 49,832
412,500
150
3,000
71,250
150 15,000
46,500
150
10
398,730
150
10
524,006
375 12,120 6,547,500
430,399 2,310,380
442,519 8,857,880

Potential
Increase
(MT)
126,902
247,000
44,278
76,667
362,668
68,250
31,500
398,720
523,996
6,535,380
1,879,981
8,415,361

Share of
Potential
Increase
1.5%
2.9%
0.5%
0.9%
4.3%
0.8%
0.4%
4.7%
6.2%
77.7%
22.3%
100.0%

Projections for industry growth:

2006-2025
2.36% population growth
Increasing per capita fish consumption from
32 kg in 2005 to 36 kg in 2025 (inc. of 0.2 kg/yr)
20% of production exported by 2025
Declining growth in capture fisheries:
Period

Municipal

Commercial

2006-2010

0.92%*

2.80%*

2011-2015

0.69%

2.10%

2016-2020

0.52%

1.58%

2021-2025

0.39%

1.18%

* based on 1995-2004 APR

Domestic demand for food fish

Projections

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

85,967,830

96,602,275

108,552,227

121,980,420

137,069,715

32.0

33.0

34.0

35.0

36.0

Food fish requirement (mt)

2,750,971

3,187,875

3,690,776

4,269,315

4,934,510

Municipal fisheries (mt)

1,090,642

1,141,744

1,181,681

1,212,575

1,236,290

Commercial fisheries (mt)

1,159,995

1,331,747

1,477,578

1,597,661

1,694,279

500,333

714,384

1,031,516

1,459,078

2,003,941

38,686

45,693

67,815

91,251

115,992

214,051

317,132

427,562

544,862

6.8

7.0

6.7

Philippine population
Per capita consumption (kg)

Aquaculture (mt)
- Inc. from previous year (mt)
- Inc. in 5 years (mt)
- APR (%)

8.4

6.1

By 2025, there will be 137 million Filipinos requiring

4.9 million MT of seafoods
Capture fisheries may be able to provide only 2.93
million MT, an increased of 0.64 million MT over 2005
Production from aquaculture would have to rise to 2.0
million MT, an increase of 1.5 million MT over 2005

Projected aquaculture exports, at

20% of total production (in MT)
Food fish
Species

Seaweeds
Milkfish

Share
2005

25,000 MT 500,000 MT

2005

2010

64,383

78,332 104,825 154,023 226,310

3,000

2015

2020

2025

31.0%

8,727

24,481

49,142

83,626

11.4%

13,140

26,377

44,886

6.1%

88,021 141,759 208,290

28.4%
19.4%

Tilapia

4,684

Shrimp

16,000

35,010

Mar. fish/mollusc

5,000

7,025

11,278

Others

1,000

2,780

7,097

45,890 142,737

13,586

23,119

3.2%

Total exports

90,782 133,261 251,121 434,125 733,888

100%

Total food fish

25,000

68.5%

53,227 144,017 276,754 502,658

Projected annual average

percent growth rate, by species
(in MT)
Species

APR 02-04

06-10

11-15

16-20

21-25

Seaweeds

16.2%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

8.0%

Milkfish

8.6%

8.0%

7.0%

6.0%

5.0%

Tilapia

9.3%

8.0%

7.0%

6.0%

5.0%

Shrimp

-2.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

8.0%

Carp

2.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

Marine fish/molluscs

46.9%

45.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

Others

3.7%

5.0%

5.0%

5.0%

5.0%

Growth projection assumes 20% excess in food fish production by

2025 will be for export

Projected aquaculture production for

domestic consumption and export, by species
(in MT)
Species 2005
Species
Seaweeds
Seaweeds

1,399,627

2005
2010

2015

20 Yr.
202020252025 Growth
Growth

1,399,627
3,348,322
4,919,784
1,702,861
2,278,812
4,919,784

352%
352%

Milkfish
Milkfish

296,986

296,986612,031
436,370

1,045,321
819,036
1,045,321

352%
352%

Tilapia
Tilapia

159,405

234,219

159,405328,504

439,612
561,069
561,069

352%
352%

Shrimp

35,174

Carp

14,073

Shrimp
Carp
Mar. fish/molluscs

87,524

176,042

18,833

27,672

35,174

283,518

416,581

44,566

78,540

416,581

1,184%

1,184%
558%

1,580

14,07337,593
10,125

558%
114,72678,540
285,475 18,072%

Others
43,567
Marine fish/molluscs

55,604

1,58070,966

90,573
115,59618,072%
265%
285,475

Total
aquaculture
Others

1,950,412

Total food fish

550,785

APR aquaculture

13.6%

Total aquaculture
Total
food
APR food
fishfish

7.5%

2,545,535
3,531,620
7,422,365
5,142,372115,596
43,567

842,674 1,252,809 1,794,050 2,502,581

1,950,412

5.5%

6.8%

550,7858.3%
8.9%

7,422,365

7.8%

7.6%

2,502,581
7.4%
6.9%

381%
265%

454%

381%
6.9%

454%
7.9%

Average annual percentage growth of top

10 countries in aquaculture, 2000-2002
Target growth
(APR) for Philippine
aquaculture
Total aquaculture
Food fish

20062025
6.9%
7.9%

China
6.3%
India
6.2%
Indonesia 7.7%
Japan
4.2%
Bangladesh 9.4%
Thailand
-6.5%
Norway
6.2%
Chile
18.0%
Vietnam
0.8%
USA
4.4%
AVERAGE

6.1%

Projected food fish supply,

2005-2025

Volume (MT)

6,000,000
5,000,000

Projected demand at
36 kg per caput

4,000,000

Aquaculture +
capture

3,000,000
2,000,000

Aquaculture +
capture - exports

1,000,000

Capture fisheries
production

05

10

15
Year

20

25

Contribution of aquaculture to
food fish supply, 2025
Aquaculture
41%
Municipal
25%

Commericial
34%

By 2025, contribution of aquaculture to food fish

supply is projected to rise to 41% from 19% in 2004

End