Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
WIND ENERGY
Effect of Height
Power Coefficient
Example calculation:
Windmill efficiency = 42% average wind speed = 10 m/s (20 mph) Power = 0.0006 x 0.42 x 1000 = 250 Watts per square meter Electricity generated is then .25 KWH per sq. meter If wind blows 24 hours per day then annual electricity generated would be about 2200 KWH per sq. meter But, on average, the wind velocity is only this high about 10% of the time typical annual yield is therefore 200-250 KWH per sq. meter
Advantages
Vertical Axis : Low velocity, Easy to manufacture Horizontal axis : High power, High efficiency, no need manual starting
Disadvantages
Vertical axis : low efficiency, must be manually started Horizontal axis : Difficult to manufacture, high velocity wind-required, high cost
Conclusions
Wind is primarily generated by equator to pole energy gradients combined with the earths rotation Wind speed increases significantly with height The power in the wind varies with the cube of wind speed The Betz theory establishes a limit of 16/27=0.59 to power coefficient The wind turbine blade is an aerofoil the tip speed is greater than the wind speed Lift is created as the blade slices through the wind the tangential component of the lift is what drives the turbine You also need a gearbox, a generator and a tower to put it all on
Applications